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Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate juxta-apical radiolucency (JAR) prevalence and its relationship with adjacent structures using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and method CBCT scans were analyzed from a database from 2017 to 2021 of adult patients with mandibular third molars to visualize the presence of JAR. Third molars associated with JAR were classified according to impaction depth, angulation, and root development. JAR was also classified according to its relationship with the mandibular canal and its cortical area, size, and location. The chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney Test were performed to compare the age of patients and gender regarding the presence or absence of JAR. Result 1097 CBCT scans were collected from the database during the evaluation period, and after the application of the eligibility criteria, 155 scans were included in the analysis. Thirty-one third molars showed the presence of JAR with a 20% prevalence. Most cases were observed to be unilateral (84%), located mesially (53%), and medium-sized (53%), in contact with the mandibular canal with cortical presence (50%), visualized in third molars mostly mesioangular (36%), partially intraosseous (86%), and with complete root development (92%). No significant differences were detected between gender and age concerning the presence of JAR. Conclusion High JAR prevalence was observed, which was frequently in contact with the mandibular canal, being considered a potential risk for nerve damage.

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aydin Dental Journal is the property of Aydin Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of histogram equalization (HE) and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) on periapical images and fractal dimensions in the periapical region. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, digital periapical images were selected from the archive of Dentistry School of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The radiographs were taken from mandibular and maxillary anterior single root teeth with healthy root and periodontium. After applying HE and CLAHE algorithms to images, two radiologists evaluated the quality of apex detection from using a 5-point Likert scale (from 5 for very good image quality to 1 for very bad image quality). Afterward, all the images were imported to the ImageJ application, and the region of interest (ROI) was specified as the region between the two central incisors. The fractal box-counting method was used to determine fractal dimensions (FD) values. Nonparametric Wilcoxon–Friedman test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient test, T-test, and Pair T-test were performed as statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results: Fifty-three radiographs were analyzed and the image quality assessments were significantly different between raw images and images after performing HE, CLAHE (p value < 0.001), and using CLAHE algorithm significantly increases image quality assessments more than HE (p value = 0.009). There was a significant difference in FD values for images after applying CLAHE and HE compared to raw images (p value < 0.001), and HE decreased the FD value significantly more than CLAHE (p value = 0.019). Conclusions: Employing CLAHE and HE algorithm via OpenCV python library improves the periapical image quality, which is more significant using the CLAHE algorithm. Moreover, applying CLAHE and HE reduces trabecular bone structure detection and FD values in periapical images, especially in HE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate the degree of concordance and consistency in the radiographic and tomographic evaluation of the periapical area. A study of diagnostic tests was designed. Three blind evaluators analyzed radiographic images, which were selected at two different points in time. An oral radiologist and an endodontist determined the second observation moment. The degree of similarity and variability, concordance and consistency for each radiograph was set at 95% confidence. A Kappa coefficient (κ), for radiographic findings and a correlation coefficient of Lin (CCC) for tomographic measurements was established. 12 radiographies and 19 tomographs were evaluated. The intraobserver consistency determined a k= 1 (Almost Perfect) and a CCC from 0.42 to 0.95 (Poor to Substantial) for both observation times. For radiographies, the interobserver concordance did not show changes between the first and second observation. Values include a k= 0.56-0.80 (Moderate to Good) and a CCC with greater degree of agreement, after training, as follows: axial view: CCC 0.86, 95% of Confidence Interval (CI) 0.69-0.94, coronal view: CCC 0.90 95%CI 0.75-0.96, and sagittal view: CCC 0.96, 95%CI 0.90-0.98. The statistical tests estimated the consistency and concordance to observe radiographically and tomographically the periapical tissue in endodontics.

The purpose of this paper is to detect the leading diseases diagnosed in dental care, for the population 0-6 years and 07-18 years of age for the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton in 2008 and 2013, to compare the results for those two years, to determine trends, individual diseases, and comparing the obtained results with the results for the territory of the Federation of B&H. During the preparation of this paper, the data collected and published in its reports by the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were used. Dental caries / K02 / takes the first place on the list of diseases in the field of dental activity, in all age groups. Diseases of the pulp and periapical tissue / K04 /, which most often occur as a result of caries, take second place on the list of diseases in all age groups. It is necessary to work on increasing the number of public healthcare of specialist teams of preventive and pediatric dentistry in the area of HNK, as well as increasing the number of dental care points, where children and youth would receive the service. Further work is needed to improve the state of oral health and the population through.

Background/Aim. Amalgam has been used for years in dentistry, but the controversy on its adverse effects, both on local oral/dental tissues and systemic health, still exists. When used for retrograde filling in apical surgery, amalgam comes in close contact with the periapical tissue, and it is sometimes responsible for the induction of periapical lesion (PL) or its exacerbation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of amalgam on cytotoxicity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine by cells isolated from PL. Methods. Conditioned medium from freshly prepared amalgam (ACM) was performed according to the ISO 10993-12 by incubating the alloy in RPMI medium (0.2 g/mL) for 3 days at 37°C. Cells were isolated from 20 human PLs after apicoectomy by collagenase/DNA-ase digestion and cultured with different dilutions of ACM. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay (n = 7 cultures) and apoptosis/necrosis assays (n = 8 cultures), whereas cytokine production was measured by a Flow Cytomix Microbeads Assay (n = 8 cultures). Results. Undiluted (100%) and 75% ACM was cytotoxic due to induction of apoptosis of PL cells. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of ACM (50% and 25%) inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), concentration-dependently. Conclusion. For the first time, our results showed an unexpected anti-inflammatory property of amalgam on PL cells, which could be beneficial for PL healing after apicoectomy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation protocols on organic tissue dissolution in the periapical region of simulated immature permanent teeth. Eight single-rooted premolars and 48 samples of porcine palatal mucosa were used. Acrylic resin prototypes were constructed, placing the tissue in close contact with the dental apices. Specimens were then divided into 6 groups (n = 8): 2 control groups of normal saline irrigation with (NS/WA) or without (NS/NA) ultrasonic activation and 4 experimental groups of 1.5% and 2.5% NaOCl irrigation with (NaOCl 1.5%/WA and NaOCl 2.5%/WA) or without (NaOCl 1.5%/NA and NaOCl 2.5%/NA) activation. Root canals were irrigated with 20 mL of the solution for 5 minutes distributed over 4 irrigation cycles. In each cycle, after irrigation, the solution was either kept stagnant or activated for 30 seconds and then replaced. Specimens were weighed on a precision balance before and after the irrigation protocols. Tissue dissolution was measured by the difference between the initial and final weights. One-way analysis of variance was applied followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05). The NS/NA and NS/WA groups had mean weight reductions similar to the 1.5% NaOCl/NA group (P >.05) and lower than the others (P <.05). The 2.5% NaOCl/NA and 2.5% NaOCl/WA groups had the highest mean weight loss (P <.05), whereas the 1.5% NaOCl/WA group had intermediate values (P <.05). Periapical tissue dissolution occurred in all groups, with a greater impact observed with 2.5% NaOCl with or without ultrasonic activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In order to assist junior doctors in better diagnosing apical periodontitis (AP), an artificial intelligence AP grading system was developed based on deep learning (DL) and its reliability and accuracy were evaluated., Methods: One hundred and twenty cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were selected to construct a classification dataset with four categories, which were divided by CBCT periapical index (CBCTPAI), including normal periapical tissue, CBCTPAI 1-2, CBCTPAI 3-5, and young permanent teeth. Three classic algorithms (ResNet50/101/152) as well as one self-invented algorithm (PAINet) were compared with each other. PAINet were also compared with two recent Transformer-based models and three attention models. Their performance was evaluated by accuracy, precision, recall, balanced F score (F1-score), and the area under the macro-average receiver operating curve (AUC). Reliability was evaluated by Cohen's kappa to compare the consistency of model predicted labels with expert opinions., Results: PAINet performed best among the four algorithms. The accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC on the test set were 0.9333, 0.9415, 0.9333, 0.9336, and 0.9972, respectively. Cohen's kappa was 0.911, which represented almost perfect consistency., Conclusions: PAINet can accurately distinguish between normal periapical tissues, CBCTPAI 1-2, CBCTPAI 3-5, and young permanent teeth. Its results were highly consistent with expert opinions. It can help junior doctors diagnose and score AP, reducing the burden. It can also be promoted in areas where experts are lacking to provide professional diagnostic opinions., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Institute of Radiology and the International Association of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

To estimate the degree of concordance and consistency in the radiographic and tomographic evaluation of the periapical area. A study of diagnostic tests was designed. Three blind evaluators analyzed radiographic images, which were selected at two different points in time. An oral radiologist and an endodontist determined the second observation moment. The degree of similarity and variability, concordance and consistency for each radiograph was set at 95% confidence. A Kappa coefficient (κ), for radiographic findings and a correlation coefficient of Lin (CCC) for tomographic measurements was established. 12 radiographies and 19 tomographs were evaluated. The intraobserver consistency determined a k= 1 (Almost Perfect) and a CCC from 0.42 to 0.95 (Poor to Substantial) for both observation times. For radiographies, the interobserver concordance did not show changes between the first and second observation. Values include a k= 0.56-0.80 (Moderate to Good) and a CCC with greater degree of agreement, after training, as follows: axial view: CCC 0.86, 95% of Confidence Interval (CI) 0.69-0.94, coronal view: CCC 0.90 95%CI 0.75-0.96, and sagittal view: CCC 0.96, 95%CI 0.90-0.98. The statistical tests estimated the consistency and concordance to observe radiographically and tomographically the periapical tissue in endodontics. Se diseñó un estudio de pruebas diagnósticas para estimar el grado de concordancia y consistencia en la evaluación radiográfica y tomográfica del área periapical. Tres evaluadores ciegos analizaron imágenes radiográficas, que fueron seleccionadas en dos momentos diferentes. El grado de similitud y variabilidad, concordancia y consistencia para cada radiografía se estableció en un 95% de confianza. Se estableció un coeficiente Kappa (κ), para los hallazgos radiográficos y un coeficiente de correlación de Lin (CCC) para las mediciones tomográficas. Se evaluaron 12 radiografías y 19 tomografías. La consistencia intraobservador determinó un k = 1 (casi perfecto) y un CCC de 0,42 a 0,95 (deficiente a sustancial) para ambos tiempos de observación. Para las radiografías, la concordancia entre observadores no mostró cambios entre la primera y la segunda observación. Los valores incluyen un k = 0.56-0.80 (moderado a bueno) y un CCC con mayor grado de acuerdo, después del entrenamiento, de la siguiente manera: vista axial: CCC 0.86, 95% del intervalo de confianza (IC) 0.69-0.94, vista coronal: CCC 0.90 IC del 95% 0,75-0,96 y sagital view: CCC 0,96, IC del 95% 0,90-0,98. Las pruebas estadísticas estimaron la consistencia y concordancia para observar radiográfica y tomográficamente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: in Colombia, persisting post-endodontic disease has been reported by up to 45%, validating the use of secondary alternative therapies, like endodontic microsurgery (EM). The aim of this study was to systematically—and with reliable scientific evidence—develop de Novo Clinical Practice Guidelines for the surgical endodontic management of post-treatment periapical disease (PPD), with more accurate recommendations for therapeutic decisions and preferences consulted with both practitioners and patients. Method: the guidelines developers team identified EM as a topic in the literature and established the scope, objective, questions, and outcomes, which were analyzed using the scientific evidence reported in secondary or primary clinical studies. A first screening identified titles and abstracts for each question asked. The validity of the selected studies was quantified with tools like AMSTAR or SIGN. Finally, the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence were confirmed with GRADE. Results: concepts like PPD, EM indication, use of local anesthetics, antibiotics and presurgical anti-inflammatory drugs, effect of magnification, implementation of cone beam computed tomography, hemostasis, retrograde filling, and control time were integrated, supporting each topic with relevant evidence, experts’ recommendations, and even good practice points. Conclusions: this document is considered a tool with sufficient evidence for clinical decision-making in EM.

Objective: The preparation technique, file design, and irrigation technique influence the risk of debris and the bacterial extrusion during root canal preparation, whichtcan lead to inflammation in the periapical tissue. Thus, this study sought to evaluate and compare the effects of continuous-rotation and reciprocating single-file application on debris extrusion, and the presence of Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Single roots were randomly contaminated with E. faecalis bacterial isolates into the root canal of 32 mandibular premolars, then divided into two groups. Continuous-rotation single file and reciprocating single file Reciproc Blue were used to create root canals (VDW Dental, Germany). Data on debris and bacterial extrusions is collected using the Myers and Montogomery models. Weighing the trash tubes before and after instrumentation allowed us to detect extrusions. The presence of E. faecalis in the collected trash was determined by the development of blue-green colonies on CHROMagar. The Mann--Whitney U nonparametric test and categorical comparative test..were applied..to elucidate significant..differences..among the groups. Results: No..significant..differences between debris extrusion (p = 0.513) and the number of E. faecalis organisms (p = 0.479) were seen between the continuous rotation and reciprocating single files. Conclusion: Both continuous-rotation and reciprocating single-file systems were linked to debris and E. faecalis extrusion in this investigation, although there were no significant differences in debris weight or E. faecalis extrusion between the two instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to detect the leading diseases diagnosed in dental care, for the population 0-6 years and 07-18 years of age for the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton in 2008 and 2013, to compare the results for those two years, to determine trends, individual diseases, and comparing the obtained results with the results for the territory of the Federation of B&H. During the preparation of this paper, the data collected and published in its reports by the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were used. Dental caries / K02 / takes the first place on the list of diseases in the field of dental activity, in all age groups. Diseases of the pulp and periapical tissue / K04 /, which most often occur as a result of caries, take second place on the list of diseases in all age groups. It is necessary to work on increasing the number of public healthcare of specialist teams of preventive and pediatric dentistry in the area of HNK, as well as increasing the number of dental care points, where children and youth would receive the service. Further work is needed to improve the state of oral health and the population through. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a successful management of permanent mandibular second molar presented with extruded foreign particles. Root canal foreign bodies in or beyond the root canal system may affect the treatment outcome. Attempts for removal of such materials are challenging and can jeopardize the tooth structure. Therefore, a proper diagnosis and treatment planning for such cases is critical to achieving adequate outcomes.

Introduction: Preventing recontamination of the obturated root canal is important for successful root canal treatment (RCT). The main purpose of this study was assessing the histological health of periradicular tissue in obturated root canals with or without coronal seal between two and six months. Methods and Materials: Sixty roots from five dogs with vital pulps were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups (n= 12): Group 1, RCT and six months oral exposure; Group 2, RCT and immediate amalgam restoration; Group 3, RCT and amalgam restoration after two months exposure to the oral cavity; Group 4, RCT and amalgam restoration after four months exposure to the oral cavity; Group 5, RCT with two months exposure to oral cavity. The teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer using lateral condensation technique. Two intact root canals of each animal were regarded as the negative control group (n=10), and the two root canals exposed to the oral cavity constituted the positive one (n=10). After six months the animals were euthanized. The upper and lower jaws were removed and submitted for histological processing. Longitudinal sections were obtained from each root. After staining the sections, periradicular regions were examined histologically under light microscope. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests was used to analyze the data (P<0.05). Results: The results showed a significant difference between all groups (P<0.05). The negative control group was free of any inflammation. Two-by-two comparison revealed that the positive control group, Group 1 and Group 4 displayed the most intense inflammation. Groups 2, 3 and 5 showed similar results without developing any significant inflammation. Conclusion: Based upon the findings of this animal study, it can be recommended that the obturated root canals which are exposed to oral cavity for around four months [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Debris extrusion during root canal preparation may cause various post-operative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of debris extruded apically associated with the use different single-file systems during root canal preparation. METHODS: Seventy-five mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 teeth each. Groups were instrumented using different single-file systems as follows: Group 1, OneShape; group 2, WaveOne; group 3, OneFile with reciprocating motion; group 4, OneFile with rotational motion; and group 5, Reciproc. Irrigant and debris extruded during instrumentation were collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. In order to determine the dry weight of the extruded debris, tubes were stored in an incubator at 68°C for 5 days then weighed again. Initial weights of the tubes were subtracted from last weights. Data were statistically evaluated via the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the amounts of apically extruded debris in any of the groups (p > 0.05). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the amounts of apically extruded debris in any of the groups (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, all the single-file systems used resulted in some debris extrusion. The OneShape file was associated with the least debris extrusion.

The apical barrier technique in permanent teeth with extensive destruction of the periapical tissue and a long infection time is much more difficult to succeed, which is a clinical challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of iRoot BP Plus as an apical material in adult teeth. Fifty incisors and premolars were chosen for this study. All teeth were performed apical barrier with the same operator. After treatment, the teeth were clinically and radiographically evaluated at 1, 2 and 6 years. At the 1-year follow-up, 35 teeth had healed, and three patients developed an apical abscess due to root fracture at the 2-year follow-up. Six years postoperatively, one tooth showed root resorption, which was considered a failure. The long clinical evaluation confirmed that iRoot BP Plus is a suitable material for the apical barrier of mature teeth with open apices and periapical lesions., (© 2023 Australian Society of Endodontology Inc.)

Objectives: This systematic review (SR) aimed to investigate the influence of obturation extent on the final outcome of root canal treatment (RCT), by answering the question "among patients requiring RCT on fully formed permanent teeth, is there an association between obturation extent and the final treatment outcome?" Materials and methods: Five electronic databases and three gray literature searches were performed. Observational studies investigating the association between obturation extent and RCT outcome in fully formed permanent teeth with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were included. We evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) in with MAStARI for cohort studies. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed with the GRADE-tool. Results: Twenty-two studies were included, 2 had high RoB, 7 moderate RoB, and 13 low RoB. Underextended obturation demonstrated increased odds of an unfavorable outcome in seven studies, in which the odds varied between 6.94 (95%CI 2.20–21.87) and 1.73 (95%CI 1.02–2.95). Overextended obturation also demonstrated this association in four studies, with odds varying from 1.90 (95%CI 1.23–2.94) to 23.00 (95%CI 5.58–94.75). Due to heterogeneity and the very low level of evidence found in the GRADE analysis, the results from this SR should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions: Obturation extent seems to influence RCT outcome; overextended and underextended obturations showed higher chance of association with less favorable outcomes than adequate obturation; however, this association was not categorically supported. Clinical relevance: This SR provides information about obturation extent influence on RCT outcome and guides clinicians to make evidence-based decisions during endodontic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages (Mφs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of the periapical immune micro-environment caused by bacterial infection. Mφ efferocytosis has been demonstrated to promote the resolution of multiple infected diseases via accelerating Mφ polarization into M2 type. However, the Mφ efferocytosis-apical periodontitis (AP) relationship has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to explore the role of Mφ efferocytosis in the pathogenesis of AP. Clinical specimens were collected to determine the involvement of Mφ efferocytosis in the periapical region via immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. For a further understanding of the moderator effect of Mφ efferocytosis in the pathogenesis of AP, both an in vitro AP model and in vivo AP model were treated with ARA290, a Mφ efferocytosis agonist. Histological staining, micro-ct, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the inflammatory status, alveolar bone loss and related markers in AP models. The data showed that Mφ efferocytosis is observed in the periapical tissues and enhancing the Mφ efferocytosis ability could effectively promote AP resolution via facilitating M2 Mφ polarization. Collectively, our study demonstrates the functional importance of Mφ efferocytosis in AP pathology and highlights that accelerating Mφ efferocytosis via ARA290 could serve as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy for AP.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate changes in clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with SLE depending on the severity and activity of the disease., Patients and Methods: Materials and Methods: The study included 50 patients with SLE of different age groups, 10 men and 40 women., Results: Results: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease that belongs to the group of rheumatic diseases and is characterised by autoimmune tissue damage. Chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases remain one of the most common dental pathologies. Chronic gingivitis and periodontitis in SLE are described as one of the earliest and most striking symptoms of the disease. Approximately the same trend was found in patients with SLE depending on the degree of clinical and laboratory activity of the disease. Patients with minimal, 1 degree of activity (characterized by the longest duration of SLE) showed the greatest decrease in bone mineral density (up to 2.25 points), and patients with higher activity had a significantly shorter duration of SLE and, accordingly, a smaller decrease in bone mineral density: in patients with 2 degrees of activity (1.79 points), with 3 degrees of activity (1.94 points)., Conclusion: Conclusions: In patients with acute SLE, the maximum value of the Muhlemann-Cowell index was 2.31 points, in patients with subacute SLE - 1.89 points, and in patients with chronic SLE - 1.58 points. CPITN values increase inversely with the nature of the course of SLE, which is associated with the duration of the underlying disease.

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of microorganisms in the periapical tissues, quantitative and qualitative change their composition during the application of antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic periodontitis. The results of our study showed the prevalence in the studied material anaerobic asporogenic bacteria capable of vehetuvaty in the mouth and in the norm, despite their abstractionist they can become pathogens in microbial association. When antibiotic therapy revealed changes in the composition of the microflora, but the main pathogen remained prevalent in the sample of clinical material. We have found that the quantitative method of study allows to determine the dominant microorganism associations, but is time consuming.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify microorganisms isolated from various periapical tissue diseases using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and classify them via an unsupervised machine learning approach., Methods: A total of 150 patients with various apical conditions and teeth in need of endodontic retreatment were divided into five groups, including Retreatment, Acute Apical Abscess, Chronic Apical Abscess, Acute Apical Periodontitis, and Chronic Apical Periodontitis. Samples were collected from root canals using paper points after agitating with a #10 K file then microorganisms were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. Data were analyzed using a hierarchical clustering method. Quadruple clusters and dendrograms were formed according to similarities and dissimilarities., Results: A total of 80 species were identified representative of six different phyla. The most similar microorganism species identified were: ''Enterococcus faecalis'' between 21 and 23-year-old female cases in Retreatment group; ''Lactobacillus rhamnosus'' between 20 and 18-year-old male cases in Symptomatic Apical Abscess cases; ''Lactobacillus paracasei'' between 26 and 40-year-old male cases in Asymptomatic Apical Abscess cases; ''Enterococcus faecalis'' between 48 and 50-year-old female cases in Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis cases; ''Lactobacillus rhamnosus'' between 48 and 60-year-old male cases in Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis cases., Conclusions: MALDI-TOF MS can be considered a fast and high-throughput screening technique for microbial species identification in endodontics. Thus, it will provide valuable data for future research designs regarding periapical tissue diseases. As the MALDI-TOF MS database expands and comprehensive data becomes available, the relationship between microbial profiles and disease progression will become increasingly apparent., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing interest The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Osteoimmune diseases, such as apical periodontitis, are prevalent, often painful, inflammatory conditions resulting in bone loss and reduced quality of life. There is growing evidence that the nociceptive fibers densely innervating affected tissues regulate disease progression; therefore, we hypothesized that nociceptors regulate the transcriptomic profile of the periapical osteolytic lesion in a mouse model of apical periodontitis. Male control and nociceptor-ablated mice underwent pulp exposures, and after 0, 7, or 14 days, total RNA from periapical tissues was submitted for sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Pulp exposure triggers the differential expression of hundreds of genes over the course of infection. At 14 days post pulp exposure, 422 genes, including Tnf, Il1a, and Il1b, were differentially expressed between nociceptor-ablated and control mice with greater enrichment of biological processes related to inflammation in nociceptor-ablated mice. Nociceptor ablation regulates the transcriptomic profile of periapical lesions in a mouse model of apical periodontitis, shifting the gene expression profile to a greater enrichment of inflammatory genes, suggesting nociceptors play a role in the kinetics of the immune response. This newly uncovered neuro-immune axis and its mechanisms in apical periodontitis can be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of this prevalent disease., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of different formulations of Ca (OH)2 on healing of induced periapical lesions in dog. A total of 96 teeth with intentionally induced periapical lesions were classified according to the observation period into three groups; I, II and III (2 dogs each). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups (8 teeth each) namely; A, B, C and D which were dressed with Ca(OH)2 with saline, Ca(OH)2 with chlrohexidine, Ca(OH)2 with iodoform and control respectively. Histopathological findings showed that the apical and periapical repair were better in subgroup A than in other subgroups in all groups. Total inflammatory cell count was significantly different between the four subgroups in group I. In both groups II and III, there was no significant difference between subgroups B and C. In conclusion, the use of saline as a vehicle for Ca (OH)2 has a favorable action on periapical tissue healing in endodontically treated dogs.

Background/Aim. There is a controversial opinion among implantologists on the method of dental implantation that provides more favourable response of soft and bone tissues. The aim of this study was to pathohistologicaly compare the influences of one- and two-phase implant surgical methods on the periimplant epithelial tissues. Methods. The experiment was performed on 10 dogs. Eight weeks following tooth extractions implants were inserted using one phase method on the right side of the mandible, and two-phase method on the left one. Three months after implantation the animals were sacrificed. Contact regions of epithelial and subepithelial tissues and implants were pathohistologicaly examined, the elements of analysis were scored and compared. Results. Epithelial tissue was not found in the two samples of one-phase implants, while in the remainder of samples the structure of basal membrane was preserved, massive inflammatory infiltrate was found in one, and partial necrosis was found in three samples. Epithelial tissue was not found in the three samples of two-phase implants, in three samples the structure of basal mambrane was intact, while in three remained samples the membrane could not be detected; moderate inflammatory infiltrate was found in four samples and massive inflammatory infiltrate in both two remained samples; tissue necrosis, which was observed in the half of the samples, was complete. In subepithelial gingival tissues around one-phase implants the number of blood vessels was increased in three samples, accompanied by the thickening and dilatation of vascular walls, proliferation of blood elements, altered vascular walls and inflammatory cell infiltrate was found in four samples. Conclusion. On the base of the analized characteristics of epithelial and subepithelial tissues in contact with dental implants, one-phase method of implantation showed a more favorable tissue response.