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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis 症候群（FHCS）はクラミジア等による骨盤内腹膜炎から肝周囲炎を併発した病態である．右上腹部痛を主訴に開業医や一般外来を受診する事が多いが，急性腹症として救急外来を受診した場合に比して診断・治療開始に時間を要することが指摘されている．後遺症による不妊を予防するためにも早期の診断と抗菌薬加療が望まれる．当院で過去5年間にFHCS と診断し，抗菌薬加療を受けた全7 症例の臨床背景や受診形態等を調査し，過去の文献と比較・検討を行う事で，FHCS 早期診断に向けた留意点等を考察した．6例は，造影CT 動脈相での肝被膜濃染像からFHCS が鑑別に挙がり，造影CT 撮影を行うかどうかがFHCS 診断の鍵になると考えられた．また，急性腹症ではなく反応性の関節炎からFHCSの診断に至った症例より，女性が関節痛や帯下増加といった感染症随伴症状で受診した際も，問診，身体診察時に常にFHCS の可能性を念頭に置き，場合によっては造影CT 撮影等を考慮する必要があると考えられた．

Introduction: There are various types of skin lesions that might present to the dermatologist. Most dermatologists are aware of such disease in ages. The occurrence of skin diseases in any community depends upon various factors. This retrospective study, likely reflects the pattern of skin disease in the Mid-Western Region of Nepal due to the only skin clinic in whole Surkhet valley. Methods: All the newly diagnosed cases attending the OPD during the period. The skin diseases were grouped into infective and non-infective diseases. Diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and laboratory method if required. Results: The total numbers of cases recorded were 2151. Tinea infection emerged as the commonest disease as 13.25% followed by eczema (12.32 %). Urticaria (9.72%), acne vulgaris (9.21 %), seborrhic dermatitis (5.11 %) and alopecia areata (4.74 %) were the commonest diseases among non-infective skin disease. Among viral infections warts (5.90 %) and chicken pox (3.25 %) were commonest followed by Herpes simplex (2.42 %) and Herpes zoster (1.02 %). Conclusions: Tinea infection, eczema and urticarial disorders were the most common pattern of dermatological condition found. The pattern found in our study was in similar to that found in various other studies.

Kurthia gibsonii (H. Kurth, 1883) was isolated on 10 unrelated laying hen farms over a period of 15 months. Farmers reported elevated morbidity and mortality rates, and suspected of colibacillosis based on the necropsy findings. The most frequently found lesions were perihepatitis, fibrinous peritonitis, salpingitis and oophoritis. Necropsy findings and bacteriological results allowed the diagnosis of colibacillosis. In addition, K. gibsonii was isolated from the ovarian follicles (44.44 %), liver (22.22%), peritoneum (16.67%), bone marrow (5.56%), spleen (5.56%), and duodenum (5.56%). On all farms, coinfection with E. coli was detected, while on some farms other common avian pathogens were found as well. In total, 18 K. gibsonii strains were identified and phylogenetically analysed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed some variability of the strains originating from the same farm, although the overall phylogenetic diversity was low, regardless of the geographical location of the farm, age of the flock or date of collection. Embryo lethality assay showed K. gibsonii is not able to cause a primary infection. We conclude that Kurthia gibsonii may play a role as an opportunistic pathogen for poultry. This is the first report of coinfection of Kurthia gibsonii and E. coli in laying hens.

The Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) has been involved in respiratory disease complex in poultry. In a trial to investigate the inclusion of ORT in broiler chickens suffering from respiratory troubles two hundred and fifty birds ( 30 flocks) were subjected to clinical, PM and serological examination . The clinical findings of the examined birds were nasal discharges, rales, swollen eyes accompanied by diarrhea in some cases. Fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis and air sacculitis as well as caseated materials in trachea and bronchi were the frequently associated gross lesions beside foamy yoghurt like exudates. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was applied on Sera samples (N= 250) to detect antibodies against ORT. ELISA results were positive among 80% of the tested flocks .A selected 49 sera samples were submitted for both ELISA and Slide agglutination test (SAT). Their outcomes revealed 93.9% positive for ELISA and 89.8% and 69.38% against ORT-I and ORT-II antigens respectively. The comparable findings proved that in case of unavailability of ELISA assay the SAT could be helpful alternative in ORT antibody monitoring.

Respiratory diseases have emerged as a great challenge to poultry industry and result in severe economic losses. Infectious coryza caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum) affects upper respiratory tract. In the present study the pathological and molecular diagnosis of infectious coryza was carried out in commercial chicken from the Andhra Pradesh region. Samples were collected from the suspected birds of different poultry farms. Out of 20 pooled samples collected, 18 (90%) samples were found positive for infectious coryza by PCR, in which 2 samples were also found positive for E. coli on bacteriological examination. The affected birds showed respiratory symptoms like open mouth breathing, coughing, sneezing. Unilateral to bilateral edema of wattle and combs were observed in severely affected birds. In infectious coryza sinusitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, mild airsacculitis and pneumonia were noticed. In complicated cases of A. paragallinarum and E. coli severe sinusitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, airsacculitis, pneumonia, perihepatitis and pericarditis were noticed. From this study, it is concluded that PCR is an early, rapid, accurate and highly sensitive diagnostic technique which replace the conventional cultural examination and can be used as early diagnostic tool to prevent the economic losses associated with the disease.

The main and most accessible part of pathomorphological research is the macro-scopic method, which makes it possible to effectively diagnose various animal diseas-es. Changes in the liver, as an organ in-volved in the process of digestion and meta-bolic reactions, are important in examining the pathogenesis and diagnosis of diseases. A macroscopic study of the liver of 15 cats with various diseases was performed. Among the animals subjected to a pathoana-tomic autopsy there were 9 cats and 6 cats, from 2.5 months to 18 years old. The most common changes were liver dystrophy: pro-tein, fat, protein-fat, which were registered in many diseases. The main diseases diag-nosed at the autopsy were infectious cat peritonitis, dipylidiosis, liver lipidosis, dis- eases of the digestive canal and kidneys, and bone tumors of the lower jaw. Alterative hepatitis was observed in an animal with infectious cat peritonitis. This disease was also accompanied by fibrinous perihepatitis. Cysts in the liver were observed with a simi-lar lesion of the kidneys. The mechanisms of development of iden-tified dystrophies are infiltration of substanc-es entering the liver with blood, and decom-position – the breakdown of complex chemi-cal compounds. Fibrinous perihepatitis is associated with the activity of macrophages that cause high permeability of the wall of small blood vessels, which makes it possible for large fibrinogen molecules to pass through, followed by the formation and ac-cumulation of fibrin. Alterative hepatitis with numerous small foci of necrosis is obvi-ously also associated with the activity of these inflammatory cells. Liver cysts, com-bined with similar changes in the cortical layer of the kidneys, and in one case, the mucous membrane of the bladder, indicate the innate nature of this pathology

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome, also known as acute perihepatitis, associates pelvic inflammatory disease with the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the main causative pathogens. Symptomatology is a nonspecific one. Right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea and vomiting are the most commonly encountered symptoms. Imaging data are also nonspecific and often show intra-abdominal changes with no particularity. As it is difficult to suspect Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome upon first impression, laparoscopy and direct visualization of the peritoneum and liver adhesions are needed in the diagnostic process. The specific aspect of the fibrinous strands can raise the suspicion of this disease and guide the subsequent treatment. We present the case of a 19-year-old patient with abdominal pain observed in the right upper quadrant and moderate anemia for which she was investigated in the hematology ward. The unfavorable evolution with the appearance of anemia and peritonitic acute abdomen signs required a surgical approach. The intraoperative aspects raised the suspicion of Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome. Because of the nonspecific clinical picture as well as the insignificant imaging features, this condition can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Liver fluke disease (fascioliosis) is an important parasitic disease may accountable for morbidity and mortality in most species of animals, like cattle, sheep and goat as well as other domestic ruminants. It occurs worldwide due to infection with liver fluke species. The study aimed to notice the gross, microscopic lesions and measured serum biochemical changes accompanied with acute bovine liver Fascioliosis of cattle in Kirkuk. From March to April 2018, fifteen infected bovine livers of different ages were collected from Kirkuk abattoir, and examined grossly. A noticeable rise in the level of serum AST, ALP and also ALT were observed. In gross examination several short vermiform cords were observed on the hepatic surface and the surface had a rough appearance. Some immature, wandering flukes were noted on the cut surface. Histopathologically, a wide range of liver lesions were found. The most important lesions were moderate to severe perihepatitis and haemorrhagic tracts on the hepatic surface. These lesions related to migratory channels filled with blood, fibrin and cellular debris. The present study results indicated that serum biochemical alterations were consistent with pathological lesions; hence the analysis of serum biochemical could be used in diagnosis of acute bovine fasciolosis with other tests.

Acute bladder injuries are rare and usually occur following significant amount of trauma. It has also been reported to occur in patients with chronic conditions like carcinoma, prolonged indwelling catheters, chronic infections of the bladder among others. We present a case of an otherwise fit and healthy young woman who presented to our emergency department following an episode of binge drinking and urinary retention. She had a perforation of the bladder following a simple indwelling 18-Fr Foley’s catheter insertion. In our knowledge, this is probably the first case to be described for such an injury with such mechanism.

8 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla., The authors wish to acknowledge the collaboration of personnel from the Departamento de Sanidad Animal of the University of León and thank them for their help in the laboratory analyses, particularly to Eva Martín de Valmaseda. The authors were grateful to Falco Iberia S.L. Company for referring the falcon to the Pathological Diagnostic Service of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of León. Technical support provided by Marta Silva and Julio Benavides was also gratefully acknowledged. RV was supported by a predoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Education. JE was the recipient of a postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva-Formación (FJC2019-042422-I) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.

The activities performed by the Official Veterinarian at the slaughterhouse represent a useful source of data for the control of issues affecting human and animal health and welfare. This study analyzed the data deriving from ten years (2010&ndash, 2019) of meat inspection in a pig slaughterhouse in Tuscany (Italy) to investigate the transport mortality rate and the frequencies and main causes of whole carcass and partial condemnations. In total, 1,246,309 pigs were slaughtered from 8 different regions of Central and Northern Italy. Overall, 1153 pigs died during transport (mortality rate 0.09%). Whole carcass condemnation affected 372 carcasses (0.03%), mainly due to erysipelas, generalized jaundice, lipomatous pseudohypertrophy, generalized abscesses, acute or generalized enteritis, and peritonitis. As regards partial condemnations, the liver was the most frequently condemned (~30% of the pigs), followed by lungs (17.3%), heart (6.9%), and kidney (0.9%). The main causes were &ldquo, milk spot liver&rdquo, and perihepatitis for the liver, pneumonia and pleurisy for the lungs, pericarditis and polyserositis for the heart, and polycystic kidney and nephritis for kidneys. The results of this study describe a non-worrying situation as regards the investigated aspects and confirm the slaughterhouse as a valid epidemiological observatory for monitoring the trend of the main diseases over time, the results of the efforts for their control, and the compliance with animal welfare standards.

Highlights • Perihepatitis can occur via hematogeneous dissemination of Streptococcus pneumoniae. • A blood culture is useful for clarifying the infection route and pathogens in perihepatitis., Perihepatitis is mainly caused by a direct extension of pelvic inflammatory disease, in which the causative pathogen is typically Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. We herein discuss the case of a 61-year-old female patient who presented with a fever and right upper quadrant pain. Perihepatitis was diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. She had no previous history of sexual activity, genital symptoms, remarkable physical findings or examination results indicative of pelvic inflammatory disease or other diseases. A blood culture detected Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to the suspicion of hematogeneous dissemination. The patient was therefore treated with the appropriate antimicrobials. While invasive pneumococcal disease mainly results in bacteremic pneumonia, meningitis or endocarditis, the present case showed that it can also lead to perihepatitis; a blood culture is therefore useful for clarifying the infection route and pathogens in perihepatitis if the patient has no past history of sexual activity, genital symptoms or physical or other findings indicative of pelvic inflammatory disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, pathologic, and viral etiology of horses with neurologic disorders. Twelve English Thoroughbred horses with neurologic disorders were investigated for the presence of neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) and Borna disease virus (BDV) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological methods. Neuropathogenic EHV-1 was detected in the brain of two horses by real-time PCR. Borna disease virus p24 and p40 gene sequences were detected by real-time RT-PCR in the brain of a 3-year-old horse and in the blood of a 1-year-old horse. High fever, ataxia, depression, lack of coordination, and gait abnormalities were present in these horses, which died within a few days of developing neurologic signs. The BDV p24 and p40 real-time PCR products were sequenced and shown to be identical to previously reported BDV sequences. In the brain of the BDV-positive horse, hyperemia was pronounced in the parenchyma and the meninges. In addition, nonpurulent poliencephalomyelitis characterized by perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration was seen. Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was also seen in the liver with necrotic perihepatitis besides subacute splenitis and glomerulonephritis and severe hyperemia in the kidney and edema and emphysema in the lung. In conclusion, neuropathogenic EHV-1 and BDV were detected in horses from Turkey using molecular detection methods. Since BDV genetic signatures were detected in Turkey for the first time, future epidemiologic studies need to be performed to investigate the range of host animals, spread, frequency, and molecular diversity of BDV; this will allow to determine the risk of this pathogen for Turkish veterinary and public health. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. 26675 The authors would like to thank to the University of Istanbul for funding this study (project no: 26675) and the Kansas Biosciences Authority. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either explicit or implicit, of the University of Kansas Biosciences Authority.

To evaluate the virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates obtained from colibacillosis cases associated with pericarditis, perihepatitis, and salpingitis, the embryo lethality assay and experimental infection model in chicks were used in this study. According to the established criteria based on mortality in the embryo lethality assay for evaluating the virulence of E. coli isolates, 23 of the 26 APEC isolates associated with pericarditis and perihepatitis and 8 of the 20 isolates associated with salpingitis were found to be virulent. Isolate D137, which had been obtained from a case with pericarditis and perihepatitis and had an embryo mortality of 92%, and isolate D445, which had been obtained from a case with pericarditis and perihepatitis and had an embryo mortality of 17%, were used for the experimental infection. Four of the five 11-day-old chickens inoculated through the air sac with isolate D137 died 1 day postinoculation, and the challenge strain was recovered from the air sac, pericardial sac, or liver; however, colibacillosis lesions were found in only one of the five birds postmortem. All five chicks inoculated with isolate D445 survived for 7 days postinoculation and exhibited airsacculitis or pericarditis lesions at 7 days postinoculation; the challenge strain was not recovered from the lesions postmortem. The results obtained in this study suggest that the different APEC isolates tested cause illness in chickens through distinct pathogenesis.

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS) is characterized by perihepatic and pelvic inflammation and occurs mostly in women of childbearing age. Here, we report a case of FHCS caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in a 50-year-old man. The patient presented to our hospital with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and enhanced computed tomography revealed perihepatic and pelvic free fluid and early-phase hepatic capsular enhancement. A urine specimen was positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. The patient was diagnosed with FHCS due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. In conclusion, FHCS cannot be excluded when men present with right upper quadrant abdominal pain without significant signs of biliary tract disease.

We present a medical image that remarks the clinical and radiological key facts that can led to the diagnosis of the relatively uncommon Fitz- Hugh- Curtis syndrome; diagnosis that might be overlooked if the physician remains unaware of the referred findings. It also enhances the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration when taking care of a patient with an uncommon clinical presentation.

Patient: Female, 22 Final Diagnosis: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome – disseminated gonococcal infection Symptoms: Abdominal pain • fever • polyarthritis Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis (FHC) syndrome is a perihepatitis linked to inflammatory pelvic disease. It can be caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis infections. FHC syndrome usually presents with pain in the right hypochondrium and fever, associated with symptoms and signs of pelvic infection in women. Case Report: We present the case of a 22-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) who presented with polyarthritis, cutaneous lesions, and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of FHC syndrome was based on the findings of abdominal computerized tomography (CT) and the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in blood cultures. The association of arthritis and cutaneous lesions was diagnosed as a syndrome of arthritis-dermatitis, also caused by systemic NG infection. The patient had a favorable outcome with antibiotic treatment. Conclusions: FHC syndrome should be considered in sexually active young patients, mainly women, with pelvic infection and perihepatitis. It may be caused by disseminated gonococcal infection. An important risk factor is the serum complement deficit, which may predispose to severe forms. Low serum complement level is a frequent manifestation of active SLE. CT images showing the typical findings of perihepatitis allow making the correct diagnosis.

The article presents the results of a study of the etiological structure and differential diag-nostic signs of avian salmonellosis. When identifying bacteria isolated from 128 blood samples of chickens with the use of rapid test "Salmonella latex kit" established the dominance of cultures of the microorganisms Salmonella spp. - of 10.94% (14 samples); 10 strains (71,43%) were attributed to Salmonella gallinarum, 4 (of 28.57%) to Salmonella pullorum. The overall level of resistance of Salmonella to ampicillin - 57,58%; tetracycline - 60,61%; streptomycin - 66,67%; had to 57,58%; 60,61% and 66,67% are sensitivity to norfloxacin amounted to 69,70%, to ceftazidime - 78,79%, enrofloxacin - 57,58%, ciprofloxacin - 69,70% of the tested strains. At postmortem examination the most frequently detected signs of pericarditis, hemorrhagic pneumonia, aeroscout, catarrhal-hemorrhagic enteritis, perihepatitis, hyperplasia of the spleen. The most frequently detected signs of pericarditis, aeroscout, catarrhal-hemorrhagic gastroenterocolitis, perihepatitis, inflam-mation of the ovaries, hyperplasia of the spleen. Revealed signs of congestive hyperemia, macrophage reaction, hyperplasia and plasmocytomas of lymphocyte transformation, increase the permeability of microcirculatory vessels, lymphoid-cellular infil-tration of loose fibrous connective tissue, perivascular oedema, disseminated thrombosis, proliferation of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and pancreas. In violation of the porosity of the blood vessels of serous membranes of organs were observed extensive serous oedema, the output of the formed elements of blood and the loss of fibrinogen.

We report a case of Mycoplasma genitalium -associated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with perihepatitis, masquerading as gonococcal PID with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS). A woman in her 30s attended with intermenstrual bleeding, nausea, urinary frequency, dysuria, abdominal pain and fever/chills. She was taking oral cephalexin for an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Examination revealed vaginal discharge (pH 5.5), normal cervix, mild forniceal tenderness, moderately severe right upper quadrant tenderness with guarding and mild suprapubic tenderness. Gram-negative diplococci were seen on microscopy. Pregnancy testing was …

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine pathology and the distribution pattern of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in internal organs of chickens from a field case using immunohistochemical staining. Materials and Methods: 10 groups of broiler, layer, and domestic chicken were collected from necropsy room Division of Pathology, Bogor Agricultural University. These chickens were originated from West Java and collected based on pathologist diagnosis as suspect of Newcastle disease (ND). They were subsequently confirmed positive of ND with real-time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The respiratory, circulatory, digestive, lymphoreticular and central nervous systems were collected for histopathology examination. Results: The gross pathology and histopathology changes were tracheitis, pneumonia, pericarditis, myocarditis, catarrhal proventriculitis, catarrhal enteritis, typhlitis, perihepatitis, pancreatitis, nephritis interstitial, splenitis, atrophy of Bursa Fabricius, and encephalitis. Conclusion: The distribution pattern of NDV in internal organs of chickens from a field case in this study is similar with a previous reported pattern in systemic cases of the internal chicken organs. High intensity of immunohistochemistry stain result was detected in trachea, lung, proventriculus, duodenum, cecal tonsil, kidney, and brain.

Sixteen chickens' flocks and six ducks᾿ flocks were surveyed for presence of fowl cholera (FC) during the period from July 2013 to November 2016. A total of 81 freshly dead birds (51 chickens of average age 50 to 180 days and 30 ducks of average age 30-100 days) were received from different farms and house breeding in Dakahlia Governorate at Mansoura Laboratory of Animal Health Research Institute for further laboratory examination. FC was diagnosed based on case history, postmortem lesions, bacteriological isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), capsular typing, virulence factor detection (Tox A gene), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) were bacteriologically isolated from 22 chickens and 16 ducks. The infection occurred in 4 layer chickens flocks, 2 breeder flocks and 3 broiler flocks. Meanwhile, all affected flocks of ducks were broiler. Age susceptibility in chickens varied as the age ranged from 30-54 days in broiler flocks, 45-150 days in layer flocks during the rearing period and before start egg production, 70-150 days in breeder flocks during the rearing period. In ducks the susceptible age ranged from 30-100 days. The most affected cases of chickens were from farm housing and the most affected cases of ducks were from back yard housing. Mortality rate in chickens was 0.03 to 0.36 and in ducks was 33.3 to 46.6%. Main gross findings in affected chickens and ducks were corn meal liver, fibrinous perihepatitis and fibrinous pericarditis. Swollen hock joint and thickened foot pad were grossly detected in ducks only. The histopathological lesions in the infected ducks were more severe than those detected in the infected chickens that characterized by multiple granulomata in most examined organs. Therefore, the IHC positive reaction against antigen of P. multocida serotype A were more intensely stained and widely distributed in all examined organs of infected ducks than in chickens.

The article presents the results of autopsy dead of poultry and bacteriological studies of pathological material confiscation of dead birds. It was established that the pathological process at the mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis diseases is enhanced by the complications its conditioned pathogenic microflora, ie Escherichia coli, which amounts to 85.4% of all the isolated microorganisms. In most cases the selection of conditionally pathogenic microflora in the mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis disease observed in the spring to 82.4%. Pathological changes at he mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis disease complicated by conditionally pathogenic microflora were atypical: exhaustion, conjunctivitis, allocation from the nose muddy mucus hydropericarditis, catarrhal pneumonia, perihepatitis, splenitis, catarrhal hemorrhagic enterocolitis, hemorrhagic duodenitis, ruffled feathers, near the cloaca soiled dark gray of the droppings, sometimes mixed with fibrin, are thickened joints, in articular vagina accumulation of exudate straw-yellow color. Sometimes at roosters observed cyanosis of the comb, turkeys – cyanotic head skin, pigeons and parrots – expressed exhaustion, enlargement of the spleen twice from the physiological norm. In most cases were isolated conditionally pathogenic microflora of parenchymal organs: heart, liver, spleen and bone pulp. Because isolated pathogens play an important role in the development and aggravation of the pathological process at he mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis disease of poultry.

Three outbreaks of colibacillosis have occurred in chicks during the quarantine period after importation to Japan. All three were derived from three different countries without epidemiologic relevance. Some birds from each infected flock were examined pathologically and bacteriologically. The characteristic histologic finding common to all three cases was severe bacterial meningitis in the central nervous system. Pericarditis, perihepatitis, and omphalitis with bacterial colonies were also observed. The bacterial colonies observed histologically were immunohistochemically positive for Escherichia coli antigens. Escherichia coli was isolated from the organ samples from each outbreak. At least two E. coli isolates were serotyped as O18 and O161, which differed from the popular serotypes in Japan. These results suggest that avian pathogenic E. coli of uncommon serotypes can be imported from outside countries by infected chicks. Colibacillosis should be included in the differential diagnosis when meningitis is histologically observed in chicks.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an ascending infection of the female genital tract caused by the spread of bacteria from the vagina to the pelvic reproductive organs and occasionally the peritoneum. The most common causative organisms are sexually transmitted. PID is a significant source of morbidity among reproductive age women both as a cause of abdominal pain and as a common cause of infertility. Its clinical presentation is often nonspecific, and the correct diagnosis may first come to light based on the results of imaging studies. MRI is well suited for the evaluation of PID and its complications due to its superior soft tissue contrast and high sensitivity for inflammation. MRI findings in acute PID include cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis/oophoritis, and inflammation in the pelvic soft tissues. Acute complications include pyosalpinx, tuboovarian abscess, peritonitis, and perihepatitis. Hydrosalpinx, pelvic inclusion cysts and ureteral obstruction may develop as chronic sequela of PID. The pathophysiology, classification, treatment, and prognosis of PID are reviewed, followed by case examples of the appearance of acute and subclinical PID on MR images.

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS), also known as perihepatitis, is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease. It has a different incidence depending on which diagnostic criteria are used. FHCS consists of inflammation of the hepatic capsule and surrounding peritoneum, without involvement of the hepatic parenchyma, due to intraperitoneal dissemination from a pelvic infection. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific and include a sudden onset of pain and discomfort in the right hypochondrium, commonly confused with other hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal or renal diseases. In recent years, multidetector computed tomography has proven to be a very useful and non-invasive tool, which offers diagnostic confidence within the appropriate clinical setting. Radiological diagnosis of FHCS can avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.