2,608 results on '"Persimmon"'
Search Results
2. Exploration of fruit parameters for non-destructive identification of calyx cavity in 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.).
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Longuet-Higgins, Josephine M., Rivera, Sebastian A., Woolf, Allan B., and Li, Mo
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CONTROLLED atmosphere packaging , *FISHER discriminant analysis , *CALYX , *FRUIT packaging , *PARAMETER identification - Abstract
Calyx cavity is a common physiological disorder in many persimmon cultivars. It is characterised by a separation between the calyx and the surrounding flesh. The presence of calyx cavity in export fruit can lead to phytosanitary risks and reduced storage potential due to more rapid softening and increased chilling injury. Manual detection of calyx cavity at packing is very time-consuming and uneconomic. This work investigated the ability of non-destructive evaluation, combined with modelling, to identify calyx cavity in 'Fuyu' persimmons. Fruit were evaluated at harvest, followed by a period of nine-week storage in modified atmosphere packaging at 0°C. The presence and severity of calyx cavity was related with higher red colouration and fresh weight before storage. Using colour index data and weight data, binary classification of calyx cavity by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted 74.1% correct segregation. The model correctly identified 70.5% of calyx cavity fruit (29.5% false negatives) and 77.4% of no cavity fruit (22.6% false positives). The use of non-destructive calyx cavity classification based on the evaluation of quality parameters is a starting point in providing the ability to segregate healthy fruit before packaging and storage. Further work is necessary to improve model performance before implementation is viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. DkDTX1/MATE1 mediates the accumulation of proanthocyanidin and affects astringency in persimmon.
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Liu, Ying, Sun, Chenfeng, Wu, Xin, Chen, Wenxing, Luo, Zhengrong, Xu, Liqing, and Zhang, Qinglin
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GENETIC transformation , *EPIGALLOCATECHIN gallate , *BLUE light , *FRUIT development , *PERSIMMON - Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) is a kind of polyphenols widely distributed in plants, and their astringent properties can protect plants from herbivores and regulate fruit taste. There is a great difference in PA composition between astringent (A)‐type and nonastringent (NA)‐type persimmon. Here, we studied the potential of DkDTX1/MATE1 in regulating PAs composition through its preferred transport in persimmon fruit. The results of fluorescence microscope showed that the DkDTX1/MATE1 green fluorescence overlapped with the blue light emitted by PA. Overexpression of
DkDTX1/MATE1 in persimmon leaves not only significantly increase the concentrations of PA, but also upregulated the expression of PA biosynthesis pathway genes. Further overexpression ofDkDTX1/MATE1 in persimmon fruit discs and stable genetic transformation ofDkDTX1/MATE1 also led to PA concentrations increased. Molecular docking and transporter assays showed that DkDTX1/MATE1 preferentially transported catechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. DkDTX1/MATE1 mainly bound to the PA precursors via serine at position 68. Our findings indicate that DkDTX1/MATE1 play a role in the accumulation of PAs in early stage of fruit development and affects the astringency of persimmon through preferential transport PA precursors, which provided a theoretical basis for the future use of metabolic engineering to regulate the composition of PAs in persimmon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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4. Diospyros kaki fruit extract produces antiarthritic and antinociceptive effects in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced arthritis.
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Forouzanfar, Fatemeh, Mirdoosti, Motahareh, Akaberi, Maryam, Rezaee, Ramin, Esmaeili, Seyed‐Alireza, Saburi, Ehsan, and Mahaki, Hanie
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RHEUMATOID arthritis , *SYMPTOMS , *GLUTATHIONE peroxidase , *LABORATORY rats , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *MALONDIALDEHYDE - Abstract
Current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis produce untoward effects; thus, considerable effort has been made to recognize effective herbal medicines against the condition. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of Diospyros kaki fruit hydroalcoholic extract (DFHE) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats was investigated. The extract was characterized using liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (LC‐ESIMS). Male Wistar rats were grouped as follows (eight rats in each): control, CFA, CFA + indomethacin (5 mg/kg), CFA + DFHE (50 mg/kg), and CFA + DFHE (100 mg/kg). Paw volume, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and arthritis score were evaluated. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol groups, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated. Carotenoids were found to be the major components of DFHE. Administration of DFHE (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased arthritis score, paw volume, and thermal hyperalgesia, and improved mechanical allodynia. MDA and TNF‐α levels were decreased while thiol levels and SOD and GPx activities were increased in DFHE‐treated groups compared to the CFA group. These results suggest that D. kaki extract caused an improvement in clinical signs of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms possibly through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Comparative transcriptome analysis of persimmon somatic mutants (Diospyros kaki) identifies regulatory networks for fruit maturation and size.
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Seunghyun Ban, Hye-young Suh, Su Hyeon Lee, Si-Hong Kim, Sewon Oh, and Je Hyeong Jung
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TRANSCRIPTION factors ,GENE regulatory networks ,GENE expression ,BUD development ,GENE expression profiling ,FRUIT development - Abstract
Bud sports in fruit crops often result in new cultivars with unique traits, such as distinct fruit size and color, compared to their parent plants. This study investigates the phenotypic differences and gene expression patterns in Tonewase and Ohtanenashi persimmon bud sports compared to those in their parent, Hiratanenashi, based on RNA-seq data. Tonewase is characterized by early maturation, whereas Ohtanenashi is noted for its larger fruit size. Despite the importance of these traits in determining fruit quality, their molecular bases in persimmons have been understudied. We compared transcriptome-level differences during fruit development between the bud sport samples and their original cultivar. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses identified 15,814 differentially expressed genes and 26 modules via weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Certain modules exhibited unique expression patterns specific to the different cultivars during fruit development, likely contributing to the phenotypic differences observed. Specifically, M11, M16, M22, and M23 were uniquely expressed in Tonewase, whereas M13 and M24 showed distinct patterns in Ohtanenashi. By focusing on genes with distinct expression profiles, we aimed to uncover the genetic basis of cultivar-specific traits. Our findings suggest that changes in the expression of genes associated with ethylene and cell wall pathways may drive Tonewase's earlier maturation, whereas genes related to the cell cycle within the M24 module appear crucial for Ohtanenashi's larger fruit size. Additionally, ethylene and transcription factor genes within this module may contribute to the increased fruit size observed. This study elucidates the differences in transcriptomic changes during fruit development between the two bud sport samples and their original cultivar, enhancing our understanding of the genetic determinants influencing fruit size and maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Dense Convolutional Neural Network-Based Deep Learning Pipeline for Pre-Identification of Circular Leaf Spot Disease of Diospyros kaki Leaves Using Optical Coherence Tomography.
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Kalupahana, Deshan, Kahatapitiya, Nipun Shantha, Silva, Bhagya Nathali, Kim, Jeehyun, Jeon, Mansik, Wijenayake, Udaya, and Wijesinghe, Ruchire Eranga
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DEEP learning , *AGRICULTURAL processing , *INSPECTION & review , *NOSOLOGY , *PERSIMMON - Abstract
Circular leaf spot (CLS) disease poses a significant threat to persimmon cultivation, leading to substantial harvest reductions. Existing visual and destructive inspection methods suffer from subjectivity, limited accuracy, and considerable time consumption. This study presents an automated pre-identification method of the disease through a deep learning (DL) based pipeline integrated with optical coherence tomography (OCT), thereby addressing the highlighted issues with the existing methods. The investigation yielded promising outcomes by employing transfer learning with pre-trained DL models, specifically DenseNet-121 and VGG-16. The DenseNet-121 model excels in differentiating among three stages of CLS disease (healthy (H), apparently healthy (or healthy-infected (HI)), and infected (I)). The model achieved precision values of 0.7823 for class-H, 0.9005 for class-HI, and 0.7027 for class-I, supported by recall values of 0.8953 for class-HI and 0.8387 for class-I. Moreover, the performance of CLS detection was enhanced by a supplemental quality inspection model utilizing VGG-16, which attained an accuracy of 98.99% in discriminating between low-detail and high-detail images. Moreover, this study employed a combination of LAMP and A-scan for the dataset labeling process, significantly enhancing the accuracy of the models. Overall, this study underscores the potential of DL techniques integrated with OCT to enhance disease identification processes in agricultural settings, particularly in persimmon cultivation, by offering efficient and objective pre-identification of CLS and enabling early intervention and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Persimmon tannin promotes the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under ethanol stress.
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Ilhamzah, Tsukuda, Yuka, Yamaguchi, Yoshihiro, Ogita, Akira, and Fujita, Ken‐ichi
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ETHANOL , *SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae , *PERSIMMON , *TANNINS , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *FERMENTATION - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a pivotal role in various industrial processes, including bioethanol production and alcoholic beverage fermentation. However, during these fermentations, yeasts are subjected to various environmental stresses, such as ethanol stress, which hinder cell growth and ethanol production. Genetic manipulations and the addition of natural ingredients rich in antioxidants to the culture have been shown to overcome this. Here, we investigated the potential of persimmon tannins, known for their antioxidative properties, to enhance the ethanol stress tolerance of yeast. RESULTS: Assessment of the effects of 6.25 mg mL−1 persimmon tannins after 48 h incubation revealed cell viability to be increased by 8.9‐ and 6.5‐fold compared to the control treatment with and without 12.5% ethanol, respectively. Furthermore, persimmon tannins reduced ethanol‐induced oxidative stress, including the production of cellular reactive oxygen species and acceleration of lipid peroxidation. However, persimmon tannins could hardly overcome ethanol‐induced cell membrane damage. CONCLUSION: The findings herein indicate the potential of persimmon tannin as a protective agent for increasing yeast tolerance to ethanol stress by restricting oxidative damage but not membrane damage. Overall, this study unveils the implications of persimmon tannins for industries relying on yeast. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Technology for the production of oatmeal cookies using non-traditional plant raw materials
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Lobosova L. A., Malyutina T. N., Zheltoukhova E. Yu., Feofanova T. M., and Volkova V. O.
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flour confectionery products ,oatmeal cookies ,spelled flour ,oat flour ,persimmon ,cranberry ,the nutritional value ,energy value ,enriched products ,мучные кондитерские изделия ,овсяное печенье ,мука полбяная ,мука овсяная ,хурма ,клюква ,пищевая ценность ,энергетическая ценность ,обогащенные изделия ,General Works - Abstract
Modern trend in the food industry is the development of technology for healthy food products with increased nutritional value and enriched with new types of vegetable raw materials. Oatmeal cookies are popular among different groups of people. The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for producing oatmeal cookies by replacing premium wheat flour with spelled flour, and raisins with dried cranberries and Japanese persimmons. The choice of enrichment agents is justified. The recipe for the "Oatmeal New" cookie was taken as a control sample. We replaced premium wheat flour with spelled flour in a ratio of 70 : 30; 50 : 50; 30 : 70; 0 : 100. Persimmon has replaced 30 % of white sugar. The sample with full replacement of wheat flour with spelled flour is recognized as the best. A recipe for "Sweet Morning" oatmeal cookies has been developed. Organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators of oatmeal cookies have been determined. The antioxidant activity of cookies of the new composition is 0.28 mg of quercetin/100 g of product, which is higher than in the control sample by 0.05 mg of quercetin/100 g of product. The nutritional and energy value of the products has been calculated. Oatmeal cookies "Sweet Morning" exceed the control sample in protein content by 1.2 times, dietary fiber by 2 times, vitamin В1 – 1,2, В5 – 2,3, В9 – 1.24, vitamin C – 5.8, PP – 1.3, K – 6.3, β-carotene – 1.5; minerals K – 1.9, Ca – 1.6, Mg – 1.8, P – 1.8; and microelements: Fe – 1.4, Zn – 2.5, Cu – 2.7, Se – 1.5, Mn – by 2.5 times. The energy value of the new product is 40 kcal (167 kJ) lower compared to the control one. "Sweet Morning" oatmeal cookies is recommended for people focused on maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet.
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- 2024
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9. Analysis of the Correlation between Persimmon Fruit-Sugar Components and Taste Traits from Germplasm Evaluation.
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Dong, Yi, Liu, Cuiyu, Gong, Bangchu, Yang, Xu, Wu, Kaiyun, Yue, Zhihui, and Xu, Yang
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PERSIMMON , *GERMPLASM , *STATISTICAL correlation , *INOSITOL , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *SUCROSE - Abstract
Persimmon fruits are brightly colored and nutritious and are fruits that contain large amounts of sugar, vitamins, mineral elements, and phenolic substances. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in fruit-sugar components of different persimmon germplasms and their relationships with phenotypic and flavor indices through the determination of phenotypes and sugar components and through electronic-tongue indices, which provided the basis and inspiration for the selection of different sugar-accumulating types of persimmon fruits and the selection of high-sugar persimmon varieties. Our results showed that persimmon germplasm fruit-sugar components were dominated by sucrose, glucose and fructose and that the remaining sugar components were more diverse but less distributed among the various germplasm types. Based on the proportion of each sugar component in the fruit, persimmon germplasms can be categorized into sucrose-accumulating and reduced-sugar-accumulation types. Sucrose-accumulating types are dominated by sucrose, galactose, fucose and inositol, while reduced-sugar-accumulation types are dominated by glucose, fructose, mannose-6-phosphate, and xylose. The content of sugar components in the germplasm persimmon of fruits of different types and maturity periods of also differed, with significant differences in sugar components between PCNA (pollination-constant non-astringent) and PCA (pollination-constant astringent) fruits. Cluster analysis classified 81 persimmon germplasms into three clusters, including cluster I-A, with low glucose and fructose content, and cluster I-B, with medium glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents. Cluster II was high in sucrose and fructose. Cluster III had high contents of glucose and fructose and low contents of sucrose and inositol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Effects of moisture content and storage method on the physical properties of dried persimmon during frozen storage.
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Jia, Xiwu, Luo, Xiaohua, Nakako, Katsuno, and Takahisa, Nishizu
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THERMAL insulation , *PERSIMMON , *SENSORY evaluation , *MOISTURE , *SUGAR - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of moisture content and the proposed storage method on the physical properties of dried persimmon during frozen storage. The samples with 35.21% moisture content exhibited more rapid changes in surface color, thickness, and hardness of the secondary surface than those with 41.11% and 32.09%. The samples with 35.21% moisture content also exhibited faster sugar crystal formation than those with 41.11% and 32.09% moisture content during frozen storage. Moreover, the three samples' proportions of freezable and bound water differed. The results indicate that controlling the dried persimmon's moisture content between 32.09% and 35.21% is optimal for frozen storage. According to the surface sugar and sensory evaluations, the proposed storage method (samples receive kneading treatment without brushing during the drying process, have an initial moisture content of 33.25%, and are stored in a thermal insulation box) in the present study could maintain the quality of dried persimmon better compared with the common storage method (samples are subjected to kneading and brushing treatment during the drying process, have an initial moisture content of 36.02%, and are stored directly in a freezer). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Pine trees structure plant biodiversity patterns in savannas.
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Crandall, Raelene M., Chew, Yingen M., Fill, Jennifer M., Kreye, Jesse K., Varner, J. Morgan, and Kobziar, Leda N.
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LONGLEAF pine , *UNDERSTORY plants , *FOREST canopies , *PERSIMMON , *PRESCRIBED burning - Abstract
Overstory trees serve multiple functions in grassy savannas. Past research has shown that understory species can vary along gradients of canopy cover and basal area in savannas. This variation is frequently associated with light availability but could also be related to other mechanisms, such as heterogeneity in soil and litter depth and fire intensity. Several savanna studies have found differences in understory plant functional groups within the local environment near trees versus away from them in canopy openings. Although small‐scale variation is known to be high in southeastern U.S. pine savannas, patterns in understory species diversity have not been examined at the scale of individual overstory pine trees in this system. We conducted an observational study of the relationship between understory plant communities and proximity to individual pine trees in xeric and mesic pine savannas in frequently burned sites (1–3 year intervals). We recorded the plant community composition in plots adjacent to tree boles (basal) or outside crown driplines (open). Within each environment, raw species richness was significantly greater in open locations, where light transmittance was greater. In contrast, rarified species richness did not differ. Multivariate analyses showed that community composition differed significantly between basal and open plots. One native, woody species in each environment, Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small in mesic and Diospyros virginiana L. in xeric, was more abundant in basal plots. In mesic environments, eight species had greater occurrence in open plots. In xeric environments, four understory forbs were more abundant in open plots. Our results support previous research indicating that individual pine trees are associated with significant variation in understory vegetation in pine savannas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Phenotypic and Gene Expression Analysis of Fruit Development of 'Rojo Brillante' and 'Fuyu' Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) Cultivars in Two Different Locations.
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Dorta, Tania, Onoue, Noriyuki, Hsiang, Tzu-Fan, Nishiyama, Soichiro, Ríos, Gabino, Tao, Ryutaro, and Blasco, Manuel
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AGRICULTURE , *GENE expression , *PERSIMMON , *ABIOTIC stress , *DEVELOPMENTAL programs , *FRUIT ripening , *FRUIT development - Abstract
Fruit development and maturation rely on intrinsic genetic programs involving hormone biosynthesis and signalling and environmental cues, integrating phenological cycles and climatic issues encompassing abiotic stresses and climate change. In persimmon trees, environmental inputs strongly influence fitness and agricultural performance, and fruit yield can be severely compromised by them. We have grown two persimmon accessions ('Rojo Brillante' and 'Fuyu') under contrasting meteorological conditions of two locations in Spain and Japan. Fruit size, colour change, and firmness parameters were followed during fruit development from 30 days after fruit set until commercial ripening, and the expression of genes related to ethylene production and signalling, gibberellin response, carotenoid biosynthesis, cell wall dynamics, and oxidative stress were reported. Genes depending on intrinsic developmental programs (ethylene and ripening variables, mostly) showed common expression trends in both cultivars and locations, whereas gibberellin and abiotic stress-related genes mimicked reduced fruit growth and abiotic stress associated with higher summer temperatures (>35 °C) and lower rainfall reported in the Spanish location. The expression pattern of these genes is consistent with a growth–defence trade-off that explains fruit differential growth through hormonal and stress tolerance mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Cytological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into Persimmon Fruit Size Formation (Diospyros kaki Thunb.).
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Li, Huawei, Suo, Yujing, Li, Hui, Sun, Peng, Li, Shuzhan, Yuan, Deyi, Han, Weijuan, and Fu, Jianmin
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PERSIMMON , *FRUIT , *DIOSPYROS , *TRANSCRIPTOMES , *CELL division - Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit size variation is abundant. Studying the size of the persimmon fruit is helpful in improving its economic value. At present, the regulatory mechanism of persimmon fruit size formation is still unclear. In this study, the mechanism of fruit size formation was investigated through morphological, cytological and transcriptomic analyses, as well as exogenous ethrel and aminoethoxyinylglycine (AVG: ethylene inhibitor) experiments using the large fruit and small fruit of 'Yaoxianwuhua'. The results showed that stages 3–4 (June 11–June 25) are the crucial morphological period for differentiation of large fruit and small fruit in persimmon. At this crucial morphological period, the cell number in large fruit was significantly more than that in small fruit, indicating that the difference in cell number is the main reason for the differentiation of persimmon fruit size. The difference in cell number was caused by cell division. CNR1, ANT, LAC17 and EB1C, associated with cell division, may be involved in regulating persimmon fruit size. Exogenous ethrel resulted in a decrease in fruit weight, and AVG treatment had the opposite effect. In addition, LAC17 and ERF114 were upregulated after ethrel treatment. These results indicated that high ethylene levels can reduce persimmon fruit size, possibly by inhibiting cell division. This study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation mechanism of persimmon fruit size and lays a foundation for subsequent breeding and artificial regulation of fruit size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. NEW POTENTIALLY INVASIVE SPECIES IN THE FLORA OF CROATIA - Diospyros virginiana L. (COMMON PERSIMMON).
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MARIĆ, Mara, ŽERAVICA, Domagoj Ivan, SOČE, Ivana PALADIN, and VITASOVIĆ-KOSIĆ, Ivana
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ORNAMENTAL plants ,PERSIMMON ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,INTRODUCED species ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
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- 2024
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15. Color Emotion Factors and Preference of Two-Color Combinations with Contrast Tones by Naturally Dyed Fabrics with Persimmon and Indigo.
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Yoon, Donghwa, Yang, Youngae, Ahn, Jinhyun, and Yi, Eunjou
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In this study, to evaluate color emotions and color preferences of cotton fabric having two different colored portions with contrast tones by dyeing with persimmon and indigo, respectively, six different stimuli were prepared with variations of contrasting tone types and color area ratios and they were subjectively assessed by inviting female college students in fashion and textiles. The factor analysis results showed four different factors including 'Light', 'Gentle', 'Traditional', and 'Dynamic' and they were revealed as effected by contrasting tone types such as 'pale-dull' and 'light-dull' and by color area ratios such as 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 as well as objective colorimetric combination variables. Precisely the type of 'pale-dull' contributed to stronger feeling of factor 'Light' and 'Gentle' and the ratio of 2:1 evoked more perception of 'Light'. Color preference was more highly rated for 'pale-dull' and as Δ a p ∗ as a colorimetric combination variable was higher. Finally color emotion factor such as 'Light' and 'Traditional' and color preference were quantitatively described by modeling each of them with some of objective colorimetric combination variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Physicochemical and Volatile Compounds Analysis of Fruit Wines Fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae : FTIR and Microscopy Study with Focus on Anti-Inflammatory Potential.
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Paśko, Paweł, Galanty, Agnieszka, Dymerski, Tomasz, Kim, Young-Mo, Park, Yong-Seo, Cabrales-Arellano, Patricia, Martinez, Victor Velazquez, Delgado, Efren, Gralak, Mikołaj, Deutsch, Joseph, Barasch, Dinorah, Nemirovski, Alina, and Gorinstein, Shela
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FRUIT wines , *SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae , *KIWIFRUIT , *FUNCTIONAL foods , *ENZYMES , *GALLIC acid , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
The growing trend in fruit wine production reflects consumers' interest in novel, diverse drinking experiences and the increasing demand for healthier beverage options. Fruit wines made from kiwi, pomegranates, and persimmons fermented using S. bayanus Lalvin strain EC1118 demonstrate the versatility of winemaking techniques. Kiwifruit, persimmon, and pomegranate wines were analyzed using HPLC and GC-TOFMS analyses to determine their concentrations of phenolic acids and volatile compounds. These results were supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize and compare chemical shifts in the polyphenol regions of these wines. The wines' characterization included an anti-inflammatory assay based on NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production in the RAW 264.7 macrophage model. FTIR spectroscopy predicted the antioxidant and phenolic contents in the wines. In terms of polyphenols, predominantly represented by chlorogenic, caffeic, and gallic acids, pomegranate and kiwifruit wines showed greater benefits. However, kiwifruit wines exhibited a highly diverse profile of volatile compounds. Further analysis is necessary, particularly regarding the use of other microorganisms in the fermentation process and non-Saccharomyces strains methods. These wines exhibit high biological antioxidant potential and health properties, providing valuable insights for future endeavors focused on designing healthy functional food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Separation, identification, and fingerprinting of antioxidant components in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves by offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and tandem mass spectrometry.
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Yang, Xijin, Shao, Qiju, Luo, Qiong, Wang, Yan, Chun, Zeli, Li, Zhirong, Jiao, Lingyi, Zhou, Yaping, and Chen, Rongxiang
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TANDEM mass spectrometry , *LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry , *LIQUID chromatography , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *PERSIMMON , *DIOSPYROS , *ANTIOXIDANTS - Abstract
In this work, the antioxidant components in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves were separated by offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐electrochemical detection (LC×LC‐ECD) and identified by LC‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). A total of 33 antioxidants, mainly proanthocyanidins, and glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin, were identified. The antioxidant assays demonstrated that the fractions collected from the first‐dimension LC (1D‐LC) possessed considerable radical scavenging capabilities, with correlation coefficients of peak area versus radical scavenging capability of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) being 0.9335 and 0.9116, respectively. The fingerprinting showed that 37 peaks were present in all samples. The major antioxidant components of persimmon leaves were the glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin. Finally, fourteen antioxidants were quantitatively assessed. Offline LC×LC provided high peak capacity and separation; ECD enabled specific screening and detection of antioxidant components; and MS/MS provided excellent identification capability. In this study, the combination of the three approaches was utilized to screen for antioxidant components in persimmon leaves, with satisfactory findings. In conclusion, this technique is an effective means for rapid analysis of antioxidant components and quality control of medicinal plants, achieving rapid separation of congeners and facilitating more accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Effects of Different Postharvest Treatments on Browning, Active Oxygen Metabolism and Saccharides of Gongcheng Persimmon.
- Author
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SHENG Jinfeng, WANG Xuefeng, LEI Yawen, YI Ping, LI Li, TANG Yayuan, YE Dongqing, and YAN Cailing
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PERSIMMON ,SACCHARIDES ,VACUUM packaging ,HYDROXYL group ,VITAMIN C ,METABOLISM - Abstract
In this paper, the effects of three postharvest treatments (aerobic, vacuum, vacuum+1-MCP) on browning, active oxygen metabolism and saccharides during storage of deastringent persimmon were researched. Meanwhile, the correlations between browning and other indexes were analyzed. BI of vacuum and vacuum+1-MCP was lower than that in aerobic group, and the browning degree in vacuum+1-MCP group was the lowest. The SOD and APX activities of the three kinds of persimmon treated after harvest decreased and increased respectively, and the SOD activities of the vacuum group were the lowest, the APX activities under vacuum and vacuum+1-MCP conditions were higher than that in aerobic group. At vacuum and vacuum+1-MCP conditions, the increase of CAT activity of persimmon was inhibited, and the accumulation of H
2 O2 was reduced, with lower ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical and ascorbic acid content. The reducing sugar content of persimmon in vacuum and vacuum+1-McP groups was lower than that in aerobic group, and the increase in vacuum+1-MCP group was the slowest, from 14.10% at the beginning of storage to 14.87% on 12 d. The pectin content of persimmon in vacuum+1-MCP group decreased slowly. Correlation analysis showed that the correlations between browning and various indexes under different postharharvest treatments were different. The persimmon BI was always negatively correlated with pectin, meanwhile positively correlated with reducing sugar. It can be concluded that vacuum and vacuum+1-MCP conditions are more conducive to inhibiting the browning of persimmon after deastringent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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19. Effects of Long-Term Sod Culture Management on Soil Fertility, Enzyme Activities, Soil Microorganisms, and Fruit Yield and Quality in "Jiro" Sweet Persimmon Orchard.
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Yang, Xu, Gong, Bangchu, Liu, Cuiyu, Wang, Yanpeng, and Xu, Yang
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SOIL microbiology ,SOIL fertility management ,FRUIT yield ,FRUIT quality ,ORCHARDS ,CALCIUM chloride ,PERSIMMON - Abstract
Clean tillage frequently causes the loss of soil nutrients and weakens microbial ecosystem service functions. In order to improve orchard soil nutrient cycling, enhance enzyme activities and microbial community structure in a "Jiro" sweet persimmon orchard, sod culture management was carried out to clarify the relationship among soil nutrient, microbial communities, and fruit yield and quality in persimmon orchard. The results showed that sod culture management increased the content of organic matter, total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, thus improving soil fertility. Compared with clean tillage orchards, sod culture methods significantly increased soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. The abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and the simplest richness estimators (Chao l) indices of the bacterial community and all diversity and richness indices of the fungal community significantly increased in the sod culture orchard, which indicated that sod culture could increase the richness and diversity of the soil microbial community. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (32.21~41.13%) and Acidobacteria (18.76~23.86%), and the dominant fungal phyla were Mortierellomycota (31.11~83.40%) and Ascomycota (3.45~60.14%). Sod culture drove the composition of the microbial community to increase the beneficial microbiome. Correlation analyses and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) comparative analyses showed that the soil chemical properties (mainly including soil organic matter content, total organic carbon content, total potassium content, and total nitrogen content), soil enzyme activities and soil microorganisms were strongly correlated with fruit yield and quality. Meanwhile, soil nutrient, soil enzyme, and soil microbes had also influenced each other. Our results showed that long-term ryegrass planting could improve soil fertility, enzyme activities, and microbial community compositions. Such changes might lead to a cascading effect on the fruit yield and quality of "Jiro" sweet persimmons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Development of UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS Technique for Determination of Proanthocyanidins (PAs) Monomer Composition Content in Persimmon.
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Zhao, Xianyang, Ren, Da, Jin, Rui, Chen, Wenxing, Xu, Liqing, Guo, Dayong, Zhang, Qinglin, and Luo, Zhengrong
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PROANTHOCYANIDINS ,PERSIMMON ,MONOMERS ,EPIGALLOCATECHIN gallate ,FRUIT composition ,ANIONS - Abstract
The main units of persimmon proanthocyanidins (PAs) are composed of flavan-3-ols including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG). Precise quantification of GCG is challenging due to its trace amounts in persimmon. In this study, to establish the optimal UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS technique for the determination of PAs monomer composition in persimmon fruit flesh of different astringency types, mass spectrometry and chromatographic conditions were optimized. The results showed that when operating in negative ion mode, using a T3 chromatographic column (a type of C18 column with high-strength silica), acetonitrile as the organic phase, a 0.1% mobile phase acid content, and a mobile phase flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, the chromatographic peak shape and resolution of the PAs monomer composition improved. Additionally, there was no tailing phenomenon observed in the chromatographic peaks. At the same time, the intra-day and inter-day precision, stability, and recovery of the procedure were good. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of stability was less than 5%. The intra-day precision was in the range of 1.14% to 2.36%, and the inter-day precision ranged from 1.03% to 2.92%, both of which were less than 5%. The recovery rate ranged from 94.43% to 98.59% with an RSD less than 5%. The results showed that the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS technique established in this study can not only be used for the quantification of EGCG and GCG in persimmon fruit flesh but also be suitable for analyzing other PAs monomer compositions, providing robust support for the related research on persimmon PAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. 基于柿子提取物的自制pH检测剂和酸碱变色科普实验.
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郑童育, 李腾, 韩晓宇, 柴喻培, 赵可心, 刘全, and 季晓晖
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This experiment employs the coordination reaction between epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from persimmon extract and ferrous sulfate. The study investigates the responsive changes of the complex solution at different pH, aiming to achieve a portable differentiation application for common acidic and alkaline substances in daily life. The experiment utilizes readily available raw materials, ensures a safe process, and demonstrates observable phenomena, allowing the audience to appreciate the beauty of chemical transformations and fostering a strong interest in the field of chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Cytological, Phytohormone, and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into Persimmon Fruit Shape Formation (Diospyros kaki Thunb.).
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Li, Huawei, Suo, Yujing, Li, Hui, Sun, Peng, Han, Weijuan, and Fu, Jianmin
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PERSIMMON , *FRUIT , *DIOSPYROS , *TRANSCRIPTOMES , *CELL division , *PLANT hormones - Abstract
Fruit shape is an important external feature when consumers choose their preferred fruit varieties. Studying persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit shape is beneficial to increasing its commodity value. However, research on persimmon fruit shape is still in the initial stage. In this study, the mechanism of fruit shape formation was studied by cytological observations, phytohormone assays, and transcriptome analysis using the long fruit and flat fruit produced by 'Yaoxianwuhua' hermaphroditic flowers. The results showed that stage 2–3 (June 11–June 25) was the critical period for persimmon fruit shape formation. Persimmon fruit shape is determined by cell number in the transverse direction and cell length in the longitudinal direction. High IAA, GA4, ZT, and BR levels may promote long fruit formation by promoting cell elongation in the longitudinal direction, and high GA3 and ABA levels may be more conducive to flat fruit formation by increasing the cell number in the transverse direction and inhibiting cell elongation in the longitudinal direction, respectively. Thirty-two DEGs related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and nine DEGs related to cell division and cell expansion may be involved in the persimmon fruit shape formation process. These results provide valuable information for regulatory mechanism research on persimmon fruit formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Insights into Developing Persimmon-based Food Products: Bibliometric Analysis and the Innovative Formulation of Chutney and Ketchup.
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Santana, Isabelle, Matheus, Julia Rabelo Vaz, Serrano Pinheiro de Souza, Thaiza, Silva, Genilton Alves da, Lacerda, Ellen Cristina Quirino, Araújo, Julia Chactoura, Brotto, Lais Irencio, Silva, Rayanne Menezes da, Laurino, Natália Martins, Schallitz, Tatiane, Ferreira, Wagner Andrade, and Fai, Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *KETCHUP , *PERSIMMON , *ORGANIC acids , *CONDIMENTS - Abstract
This study aimed to (i) discover, through a bibliometric analysis, which food products have been developed from persimmon and (ii) develop and characterize two innovative products – ketchup and chutney – using persimmon. Forty-nine papers from 1993 to 2021 were evaluated. The main product developed was wine (15%); the most common keywords were persimmon, antioxidant, and their variations. Persimmon ketchup had a higher TSS value (9.43 °Brix) and total sugar content (9.40%) than spicy persimmon ketchup. In this study, for both ketchup samples developed the TTA (±0.64% organic acid) and ash (±0.95%) were similar, as were the pH values (±4.29). Persimmon chutney presented lower pH (4.38) and higher TSS (6.08 °Brix), total sugars (21.07%), and TTA (0.54% organic acid) than sugar-free persimmon chutney, while ash values were similar. Compared to the chutney, the ketchup samples presented 40% higher antioxidant activity (in TEAC assay) and 60% higher total phenolic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. The effect of pretreatments on the drying of persimmon with infrared energy.
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Or, Dilvin, Arkain, Begüm, and Kocabiyik, Habib
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SUGAR content of fruit ,EDIBLE coatings ,PERSIMMON ,XANTHAN gum ,VITAMIN C ,MASS loss (Astrophysics) ,INFRARED radiation - Abstract
The effects of various pretreatments, including edible coatings, on drying kinetics and some physical quality parameters of persimmon varieties (Fuyu and Rojo Brillante) and differences between varieties were investigated. The experiments were conducted at an infrared radiation intensity of 1210 W m−2 and air velocity (v) of 1.5 m s−1. Drying time differed depending on pretreatments and varieties. Pretreatments generally shortened the Fuyu variety's drying time and increased the Rojo Brillante variety's drying time. Lower specific energy consumption and higher diffusion coefficient values were recorded for the Rojo Brillante variety compared to the Fuyu. In terms of quality parameters, the Fuyu variety generally obtained lower values for shrinkage. Rehydration rate was higher for the Rojo Brillante variety. Total color change was lower in the Rojo Brillante variety. Based on the pretreatments applied, xanthan gum gave better results in terms of operational parameters. In terms of quality parameters, ascorbic acid had better results for rehydration rate and shrinkage. For total color change, better results were obtained in arabic gum pretreatment. As a result, when an evaluation is made regarding variety differences and pretreatments applied, the Rojo Brillante variety can be recommended for drying. Practical applications: Persimmon is a popular fruit in appearance, flavor, and rich nutritional content. The high moisture and sugar content in the fruit increases spoilage in a short time, making it difficult to consume in all seasons. For this reason, different preservation methods are being investigated to extend the shelf life. Sun drying and other drying methods developed as an alternative to these methods have many disadvantages. Different pretreatments prevent the negativities that occur in other drying methods. Especially, edible coatings can increase product quality by preserving color and appearance as well as controlling mass transfer, flavor, and aroma losses. This study investigated the effects of various pretreatments, including edible coatings, on drying kinetics and some physical quality parameters of persimmon varieties, as well the differences between varieties. Based on variety differences and pretreatments applied, the Rojo Brillante variety can be recommended for drying in terms of both processing and drying characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Mitochondrial genome features and systematic evolution of diospyros kaki thunb 'Taishuu'
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Yunliang Yang and Chao Duan
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Mitochondrial genome ,Persimmon ,Repeat sequences ,Evolutionary analysis ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background 'Taishuu' has a crisp texture, abundant juice, and sweet flavor with hints of cantaloupe. The availability of mitochondrial genome data of Diospyros species is far from the known number of species. Results The sequencing data were assembled into a closed circular mitochondrial chromosome with a 421,308 bp length and a 45.79% GC content. The mitochondrial genome comprised 40 protein-coding, 24 tRNA, and three rRNA genes. The most common codons for arginine (Arg), proline (Pro), glycine (Gly), tryptophan (Trp), valine (Val), alanine (Ala), and leucine (Leu) were AGA, CCA, GGA, UGG, GUA, GCA, and CUA, respectively. The start codon for cox1 and nad4L protein-coding genes was ACG (ATG), whereas the remaining protein-coding genes started with ATG. There are four types of stop codons: CGA, TAA, TAG, and TGA, with TAA being the most frequently used stop codon (45.24%). In the D. kaki Thunb. 'Taishuu' mitochondrial genome, a total of 645 repeat sequences were identified, including 125 SSRs, 7 tandem repeats, and 513 dispersed repeats. Collinearity analysis revealed a close relationship between D. kaki Thunb. 'Taishuu' and Diospyros oleifera, with conserved homologous gene fragments shared among these species in large regions of the mitochondrial genome. The protein-coding genes ccmB and nad4L were observed to undergo positive selection. Analysis of homologous sequences between chloroplasts and mitochondria identified 28 homologous segments, with a total length of 24,075 bp, accounting for 5.71% of the mitochondrial genome. These homologous segments contain 8 annotated genes, including 6 tRNA genes and 2 protein-coding genes (rrn18 and ccmC). There are 23 homologous genes between chloroplasts and nuclei. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei share two homologous genes, which are trnV-GAC and trnW-CCA. Conclusion In conclusion, a high-quality chromosome-level draft genome for D. kaki was generated in this study, which will contribute to further studies of major economic traits in the genus Diospyros.
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- 2024
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26. DkWRKY transcription factors enhance persimmon resistance to Colletotrichum horii by promoting lignin accumulation through DkCAD1 promotor interaction
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Hanyue Fan, Xiaoxia Shen, Yu Ding, Yongkuan Li, Shuyuan Liu, Yong Yang, Yuduan Ding, and Changfei Guan
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Persimmon ,DkCAD1 ,DkWRKY ,Lignin ,Colletotrichum horii ,SA ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Persimmon anthracnose, a severe disease caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum horii, poses a substantial threat to China’s persimmon industry. Previous research showed that ‘Kangbing Jianshi’ cultivar exhibits strong resistance to anthracnose. Notably, ‘Kangbing Jianshi’ branches exhibit greater lignification compared with the susceptible ‘Fuping Jianshi’ cultivar. In this study, higher lignin content was observed in ‘Kangbing Jianshi’ compared with ‘Fuping Jianshi’, and this difference was associated with disease resistance. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites were primarily enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and lignin synthesis pathways. Furthermore, significant upregulation of DkCAD1, a pivotal gene involved in lignin metabolism, was observed in the resistant cultivar when inoculated with C. horii. Transient overexpression of DkCAD1 substantially increased lignin content and improved resistance to C. horii in a susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, we identified two WRKY transcription factors, DkWRKY8 and DkWRKY10, which interacts with the DkCAD1 promoter and induces its activity. Overexpression of DkWRKY8 and DkWRKY10 not only increased leaf lignin content but also enhanced persimmon tolerance to C. horii. Moreover, the expression levels of DkCAD1, DkWRKY8, and DkWRKY10 were significantly increased in response to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in the resistant cultivar. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular functions of DkWRKY8, DkWRKY10, and DkCAD1 in persimmons, as well as their involvement in molecular breeding processes in persimmons.
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- 2024
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27. Cleo from A to Z.
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FUJII, MOEKO
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CHILD caregivers ,ART ,HESITATION ,FILMMAKING ,PERSIMMON - Abstract
The article discusses the portrayal of Cleopatra in two films: the 1963 version starring Elizabeth Taylor and the 1934 version starring Claudette Colbert. The author reflects on their different interpretations of the character and the themes of excess, seduction, and representation. The article also explores the significance of Cleopatra's language and the impact of memory and forgetfulness. The author concludes by discussing an Andy Warhol artwork depicting Elizabeth Taylor as Cleopatra and the idea of transformation and identity. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
28. Damage analysis of Pochazia shantungensis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) in persimmons.
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Baek, Sunghoon, Lee, Geonu, and Park, Chang-Gyu
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PERSIMMON , *INSECTICIDE application , *HEMIPTERA , *ORCHARD management , *INTRODUCED species , *HONEYBEES , *FRUIT trees - Abstract
An invasive species, Pochazia shantungensis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), causes serious economic damage to fruit trees. In Korea, this pest is mainly managed using chemical insecticides. However, the management timing and insecticides for P. shantungensis negatively affect honeybee populations. Thus, this study estimated the decision-making level for P. shantungensis in persimmons to decrease insecticide application and increase management efficiency. We determined which developmental stage (i.e., egg, nymph, and adult) affected the damage-related factors (numbers of new shoots and fruit formations, and harvest amount) of persimmons using both spatial analyses and linear relationships. The distribution of P. shantungensis eggs was spatially correlated with the one of persimmon fruit number. However, we did not find any linear relationships between the densities of P. shantungensis eggs and damage-related factors of persimmons. Instead, we found that the density of P. shantungensis correlated with the death of oviposited branches. From the developed model of branch death possibility based on egg mass density, 5.75 egg masses per newly developed branch were proposed as the decision-making level. The findings would help increase the efficiency of P. shantungensis management in persimmon orchards and develop decision-making levels for other insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Effects of potassium fertilization on cesium-133 absorption by persimmon trees.
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Horii, Sachie, Inoue, Hiromichi, and Kusaba, Shinnosuke
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PERSIMMON , *CESIUM , *POTASSIUM , *NUCLEAR power plants , *FARMS , *NUCLEAR power plant accidents , *SOIL absorption & adsorption - Abstract
In 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident released radioactive materials, such as cesium (Cs), into the atmosphere and dropped onto agricultural land soil. Reducing radioactive Cs absorption from the soil is important for crop production. Therefore, persimmons were cultivated in pots with different amounts of potassium (K) fertilizer (+0 g, +20 g (standard level), and +40 g of K sulfate/pot), and the concentration of 133Cs in leaves and fruits was investigated. Additionally, the effects of phlogopite (materials expected to enhance K availability and radioactive Cs fixation in the soil) were investigated. K fertilization increased the exchangeable K concentration in the soil, and as the investigation continued, a significant difference in the K concentration in the leaves was observed. From the beginning of the 133Cs measurement, the 133Cs concentration in the leaves and fruits was significantly higher in the treatment without K fertilization. When the exchangeable potassium concentration in the soil was approximately 200 mg K2O kg−1 or less, the 133Cs concentration in the leaves tended to increase sharply. This suggests that controlling the Cs concentration in persimmon plants is possible by maintaining the exchangeable K concentration in the soil through K fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Water activity and glass transition effect on the physical properties and bioactive compounds of persimmon peel powder.
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Hosseininejad, Sepideh, Larrea, Virginia, Quiles, Amparo, Hernando, Isabel, and Moraga, Gemma
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GLASS transitions , *TANNINS , *SOLUBLE glass , *BIOACTIVE compounds , *PERSIMMON , *OXIDANT status , *POWDERS - Abstract
Summary: Persimmon peel is an agro‐industrial by‐product that could be valorised as a potential powdered functional ingredient. However, powdered products exhibit quality and stability problems associated with the water activity and the glass transition. In this work, hot‐air drying was used to produce a persimmon peel powder, which was conditioned at 20 °C at different relative humidity (11.3%–75.5%). The changes in physical properties (water sorption, glass transition, mechanical properties), structure (light microscopy) and bioactive compounds (soluble tannin content, total carotenoid content) were evaluated. By combining the GAB sorption model and the Gordon and Taylor equation, the critical values of water activity (aw = 0.211) and water content (0.029 g water g−1 product), related to the glass transition, were obtained. These values were critical for the production of a free‐flowing powder rich in bioactive compounds and high antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for fluxapyroxad in kaki/Japanese persimmons and cultivated mushrooms.
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Bellisai, Giulia, Bernasconi, Giovanni, Carrasco Cabrera, Luis, Castellan, Irene, del Aguila, Monica, Ferreira, Lucien, Santonja, German Giner, Greco, Luna, Jarrah, Samira, Leuschner, Renata, Mioč, Andrea, Nave, Stefanie, Pedersen, Ragnor, Reich, Hermine, Ruocco, Silvia, Scarlato, Alessia Pia, Szot, Marta, Theobald, Anne, Tiramani, Manuela, and Verani, Alessia
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CULTIVATED mushroom , *PERSIMMON , *COMPETENT authority , *RISK assessment , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF SE submitted two requests to the competent national authority in Spain and Ireland to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance fluxapyroxad in kaki/Japanese persimmons and in cultivated fungi, respectively. The data submitted in support of the requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for kaki/Japanese persimmons and cultivated fungi. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of fluxapyroxad on the commodities under consideration at the validated LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of fluxapyroxad, according to the reported agricultural practices, is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The long‐term consumer risk assessment is indicative, pending the submission of the confirmatory data requested under the MRL review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Assessment of freeze, continuous, and intermittent infrared drying methods for sliced persimmon.
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Polat, Ahmet, Taskin, Onur, and Izli, Nazmi
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FREEZE-drying , *PERSIMMON , *FRUIT drying , *DRIED fruit , *ENERGY consumption , *PRICE indexes - Abstract
Persimmons contribute positively to human health. Although off‐season utilization typically presents a challenge due to permissions' perishable nature, it may become feasible through the implementation of appropriate drying methods. In this study, round sliced samples were dried to assess drying kinetics, modeling potential, color attributes, rehydration capacity, energy consumption (EC), cost index, and thermal properties. The fruits were subjected to distinct drying methodologies including freeze‐drying, continuous infrared drying (300, 400, and 500 W), and intermittent infrared drying (PR = 1 [continuous], PR = 2 [30 s on–30 s off], and PR = 3 [20 s on–40 s off]). The duration of the drying process ranged from 40 to 390 min. It was determined that the most suitable models for depicting continuous and infrared drying kinetics of persimmon fruit were the Midilli et al. and Page models, whereas the Logarithmic model was identified as the optimal choice for characterization of freeze‐drying kinetics. Assessment of EC revealed that both intermittent and continuous infrared drying methods incurred lower energy expenditure in comparison to the freeze‐drying technique. Remarkably, throughout the course of the infrared drying processes, product surface temperatures varied between 106.33 and 22.65°C across different treatments. Despite its high EC, it has been found that high‐quality products are produced by freeze‐drying. However, infrared and intermittent infrared applications can be a low energy cost and feasible method for drying persimmon with a shorter duration. Practical Application: Persimmon is an important fruit with high nutritional value. However, as with many fresh products, they have a short shelf life. Within the scope of this research, three different drying methodologies were employed in the desiccation of persimmon specimens, and the impact of these methodologies on the overall qualitative attributes of the persimmon product was investigated. Despite its elevated energy consumption, the freeze‐drying approach was found to yield high‐quality products. Moreover, it was discerned that infrared drying represented a viable and expeditious alternative for drying the fruit, particularly when executed intermittently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Extraction, purification, and evaluation of bioactivities of total triterpenoids from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) Leaves.
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Van Nguyen, Hung, Trong Le, Nhan, Nguyen Le, Nguyen Thao, Duong, Thu Dong, Thuc Le, Trinh, Thi Nguyen, Ha Thu, Phung, Huong Thanh, and Thi Nguyen, Hoai
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TRITERPENOIDS , *PERSIMMON , *DIOSPYROS , *GLUCOSIDASES , *DATA mining , *ACTIVATED carbon - Abstract
The current research focused on enhancing the extraction and purification processes of triterpenoids found in persimmon leaves, as well as assessing their biological effects. The extraction yield of triterpenoids was 8.26%. Activated carbon was used to purify the extracts, resulting in an increase in the content of triterpenoids in the final product from 24.43% to 79.66%. The recovery yield of triterpenoids from the ethanol extract was 73.57%. Ethanol was recovered and reused as a solvent. The total triterpenoids exhibited cytotoxic activities against several cancer cell lines, with IC 50 values of approximately 32.49–55.02 μg/mL, as well as anti-inflammatory activities (IC 50 = 29.55 ± 1.67 μg/mL). The total extract and total triterpenoids demonstrated significant inhibition against α-glucosidase, having IC 50 values of 0.18 ± 0.05 μg/mL and 2.12 ± 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, for antioxidant activity, the IC 50 values of the total extract and total triterpenoids were 12.53 ± 0.20 and 13.92 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. The triterpenoids showed higher inhibition of acetylcholinesterase compared with the total extract (IC 50 : 40.07 ± 2.54 and 112.22 ± 9.68 μg/mL, respectively). However, they did not show inhibitory activity against bacteria or fungi. In conclusion, information about the extraction, purification and biological activities of total triterpenoids from persimmon leaves was fully provided for the first time. [Display omitted] • Triterpenoids of persimmon leaves were extracted, purified, and tested of bioactivities. • Extraction yield of total triterpenoids was determined to be 8.26%. • Total triterpenoids were purified from 24.43% to 79.66%. • Ethanol was recovered and reused at least 3 times to extract triterpenoids. • Bioactivities of triterpenoids show potentials in drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING JUICE FROM PERSIMMON FRUIT (DIOSPYROS KAKI L.).
- Author
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Mikayilov, Vugar, Omarova, Elza, Kazimova, İlhama, Aliyeva, Jamila, Fatma, Aliyeva, Gasimova, Afet, and Nabiyev, Ahad
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PERSIMMON ,NATURAL sweeteners ,DIOSPYROS ,FRUIT ,NUTRITIONAL value ,PHENOLS - Abstract
Organizing proper and environmentally friendly nutrition is one of the most pressing problems. Widespread persimmon fruits are of great technological importance as raw materials for the production of concentrated juice, used as a natural sweetener. The object of this study is the processes of obtaining juices from persimmon fruits. Quality indicators were studied in juices prepared by preliminary heat treatment and the use of an enzyme preparation. The juice yield from the Khachia variety was 93.9 %, and from the Hiakume variety – 93.8 %. To prepare concentrated juice, persimmon juice was used, prepared by preliminary heat treatment, and using 0.1–0.2 % enzyme preparation. A scheme for preparing concentrated juice has been developed, which is recommended for use as an environmentally friendly sweetener in food production. The concentrate contained 7.25 µg/100 g of iodine. The prepared concentrate is rich in nutritional components necessary for human life, as well as sugars, phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, as well as vitamin C. Nutritional components perform a wide range of functions in the optimal functioning of the immune system and play an important role in metabolic processes. The use of persimmon concentrate in the preparation of various food products increases the bioavailability of many minerals. Therefore, to ensure the nutritional value of the finished product and increase long-term quality storage, it is recommended to use concentrated persimmon juice as a sugar substitute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Three-dimensional fruit growth analysis clarifies developmental mechanisms underlying complex shape diversity in persimmon fruit.
- Author
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Kusumi, Akane, Nishiyama, Soichiro, and Tao, Ryutaro
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PERSIMMON , *FRUIT , *DEVELOPMENTAL biology , *TISSUE expansion , *FRUIT development - Abstract
The determination of fruit size and shape are of considerable interest in horticulture and developmental biology. Fruit typically exhibits three-dimensional structures characterized by geometric features that are dependent on the genotype. Although minor developmental variations have been recognized, few studies have fully visualized and measured these variations throughout fruit growth. Here, a high-resolution 3D scanner was used to investigate the fruit development of 51 persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars with various complex shapes. We obtained 2380 3D models that fully represented fruit appearance, and enabled precise and automated measurements of shape features throughout fruit development, including horizontal and vertical grooves, length-to-width ratio, and roundness. The 3D fruit model analysis identified key stages that determined the shape attributes at maturity. Typically, genetic diversity was found in vertical groove development, and these grooves could be filled by tissue expansion in the carpel fusion zone during fruit development. In addition, transcriptome analysis of fruit tissues from groove and non-groove tissues revealed gene co-expression networks that were highly associated with groove depth variation. The presence of YABBY homologs was most closely associated with groove depth and indicated the possibility that this pathway is a key molecular contributor to vertical groove depth variation. Overall, our results revealed deterministic patterns of complex shape traits in persimmon fruit and showed that different growth patterns among tissues are the main factor contributing to the shape of both vertical and horizontal grooves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Mitochondrial genome features and systematic evolution of diospyros kaki thunb 'Taishuu'.
- Author
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Yang, Yunliang and Duan, Chao
- Subjects
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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *CHLOROPLAST DNA , *PLANT mitochondria , *DIOSPYROS , *TANDEM repeats , *STOP codons , *NUMBERS of species - Abstract
Background: 'Taishuu' has a crisp texture, abundant juice, and sweet flavor with hints of cantaloupe. The availability of mitochondrial genome data of Diospyros species is far from the known number of species. Results: The sequencing data were assembled into a closed circular mitochondrial chromosome with a 421,308 bp length and a 45.79% GC content. The mitochondrial genome comprised 40 protein-coding, 24 tRNA, and three rRNA genes. The most common codons for arginine (Arg), proline (Pro), glycine (Gly), tryptophan (Trp), valine (Val), alanine (Ala), and leucine (Leu) were AGA, CCA, GGA, UGG, GUA, GCA, and CUA, respectively. The start codon for cox1 and nad4L protein-coding genes was ACG (ATG), whereas the remaining protein-coding genes started with ATG. There are four types of stop codons: CGA, TAA, TAG, and TGA, with TAA being the most frequently used stop codon (45.24%). In the D. kaki Thunb. 'Taishuu' mitochondrial genome, a total of 645 repeat sequences were identified, including 125 SSRs, 7 tandem repeats, and 513 dispersed repeats. Collinearity analysis revealed a close relationship between D. kaki Thunb. 'Taishuu' and Diospyros oleifera, with conserved homologous gene fragments shared among these species in large regions of the mitochondrial genome. The protein-coding genes ccmB and nad4L were observed to undergo positive selection. Analysis of homologous sequences between chloroplasts and mitochondria identified 28 homologous segments, with a total length of 24,075 bp, accounting for 5.71% of the mitochondrial genome. These homologous segments contain 8 annotated genes, including 6 tRNA genes and 2 protein-coding genes (rrn18 and ccmC). There are 23 homologous genes between chloroplasts and nuclei. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei share two homologous genes, which are trnV-GAC and trnW-CCA. Conclusion: In conclusion, a high-quality chromosome-level draft genome for D. kaki was generated in this study, which will contribute to further studies of major economic traits in the genus Diospyros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Identification of phytoplasmas in stone fruit (Prunus sp.) and persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) trees exhibiting leaf alterations and witches'‐broom in Jordan.
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Alloush, Asem Habes Abu, Tedeschi, Rosemarie, Alma, Alberto, Bianco, Piero Attilio, and Quaglino, Fabio
- Subjects
- *
STONE fruit , *PHYTOPLASMAS , *PERSIMMON , *PRUNUS , *DIOSPYROS , *SWEET cherry - Abstract
During field surveys conducted in 2020 in Jordanian orchards, phytoplasma‐like symptoms (leaf yellowing/reddening and rolling, and witches'‐broom) were observed in three stone fruit species (peach, European plum, sweet cherry) and persimmon. Molecular analyses identified phytoplasma strains belonging to the species 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (subgroup 16SrXII‐A) as largely prevalent in stone fruit and persimmon symptomatic plants. Moreover, 'Ca. Phytoplasma omanense' (16SrXXIX‐B) was found in few European plum symptomatic plants. In previous studies, such phytoplasma strains were identified in other important crops (almond, pomegranate, and grapevine) and in several putative insect vectors, suggesting their complex ecology in Jordan. Further studies are needed to in‐depth investigate the diffusion of phytoplasma‐associated diseases of stone fruits throughout the Country, to clarify their aetiology, and to study their epidemiological pattern(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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38. Growth, Productivity and Quality Performance of Costata Persimmon in Relation to Canopy Position and Rootstock.
- Author
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Hassan A. Kassem, Hend A. Marzouk, and Islam M. El-Berry
- Subjects
- *
ROOTSTOCKS , *PERSIMMON , *FRUIT yield , *LEAF area , *FRUIT quality - Abstract
According to their position within a tree canopy, fruits will be exposed to varied climatic conditions especially light and temperature, which would reflect variation in their growth and maturation. In the present study, the differences occurring in vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality of Costata persimmon in accordance with rootstock type and fruit position in the canopy were investigated. Periphery especially, both southern and western directions besides the upper part and the outer canopy side indicated the highest values of fruit retention, average fruit number per shoot, fruit yield, spring shoot length, leaf area, total leaf area per fruit and leaf chlorophyll content. While the percentage of sunburned fruits was lower at both northern and eastern directions, as well as at the lower and inner part than the other directions of tree canopy. The best fruit physiochemical characteristics were found in both western and southern directions, as well as the upper part and outer part of the tree canopy. Trees grown on seedy rootstock gave the highest values of fruit yield, shoot length, leaf area and total leaf area per fruit. Along with lower sunburned fruits, longer, wider, heavier and firmer fruits were also found on Seedy rootstock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptional Differences of Growth Traits of Persimmon with Different Ploidy.
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Pu, Tingting, Wang, Yiru, Han, Weijuan, Li, Huawei, Sun, Peng, Suo, Yujing, and Fu, Jianmin
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PLOIDY ,PERSIMMON ,GIBBERELLIC acid ,GENE expression ,REGULATOR genes ,PLANT hormones - Abstract
Ploidy breeding is one of the important approaches for persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) genetic improvement, and vegetative growth of seedlings is the basis for subsequent fruit development. Therefore, the physiological characteristics and transcriptional differences of seedling growth traits in different ploidy persimmon germplasm were studied in this study, which provided a theoretical basis for fruit evaluation and breeding of new polyploid persimmon varieties. Nonuploid and its full-sib hexaploid seedlings obtained from endosperm culture were used as materials. By observing plant phenotype, leaf tissue section, endogenous hormone content, and transcriptome sequencing, the phenotype and physiological characteristics of different ploidy Persimmon seedlings were compared, as well as the differences in transcription levels. (1) Compared with hexaploid seedlings, the nonuploid were more robust and compact, and the leaves were obviously thicker. The cell size of leaf veins and parenchyma were significantly different between the different ploidy plants. (2) The contents of Salicylic Acid (SA), Jasmonic Acid (JA), gibberellin A1 (GA1), gibberellin A3 (GA3) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in nonuploid leaves were significantly higher than those in hexaploid leaves, while the contents of cytokinin trans-zeanoside (Tzt) and dihydrozeanoside (DZR), N6-isopentenyladenine (iP) and Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-ILE) in nonuploid leaves were significantly lower than those in hexaploid leaves. (3) A total of 5796 differentially expressed genes were identified in nonuploid and hexaploid leaves. These differentially expressed genes were mainly related to photosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, etc. Among them, YUCCA genes, GA3ox genes, and IPT genes related to hormone synthesis were significantly differentially expressed in the nonuploid and hexaploid leaves. It is speculated that it may be the key regulatory gene that leads to the difference in IAA, gibberellin (GA), and indolepropionic acid (IPA) levels in the nonuploid and the hexaploid. The growth traits of the new Persimmon germplasms with different ploidy were significantly different. The nonuploid plants were shorter and more compact, and the leaves were larger and thicker. These traits were closely related to the content of endogenous hormones, and the balance of endogenous hormones was affected by gene expression. In addition, based on the biological processes involved in hormones and differentially expressed genes, it is speculated that the nonuploid may be superior to the hexaploid in terms of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Development and application of packaging using chitosan-whey protein composite film functionalized with persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. f.) leaf extract.
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Chen, Miao-miao, Chen, Yuan, Jiang, Liang-liang, Li, Bing-hang, Wu, Yuan, Liu, Bing, and Yang, Shan-bin
- Subjects
WHEY proteins ,PERSIMMON ,MEAT preservation ,HYDROGEN bonding interactions ,DIOSPYROS ,MEAT spoilage - Abstract
A novel chitosan-whey protein composite film containing persimmon leaf extract (PLE) was prepared, and its application for the preservation of chicken breast meat was investigated. The results showed that, all fillers, including whey protein, PLE, and glycerol were well mixed and homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan-polymer substrate, forming a uniform composite film material. The intermolecular interactions between the fillers involved hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Notably, the incorporation of PLE significantly improved the mechanical properties, water and light barrier properties, and antioxidant activity of chitosan-whey protein based film. Among them, the chitosan-whey protein composite film incorporated with 0.2% (w/v) PLE (CWP-4) had a lower solubility, water content, water vapor permeability, and higher mechanical properties, light barrier properties, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the actual application of composite films on chicken breast meat preservation indicated that this novel composite film can effectively delay chicken breast meat spoilage and the lipid oxidation process, and thus, prolong the shelf life of chicken breast meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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41. Effect of drying methods and pre-treatments on bioactive potential of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.).
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Yildiz, Elif, Yilmaz, Aslihan, Gurbuz, Ozan, and Alibas, Ilknur
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PHENOLIC acids ,PERSIMMON ,OXIDANT status ,DIOSPYROS ,LOW temperatures ,ANTHOCYANINS ,SUGAR - Abstract
In this research, persimmon samples (sliced, pureed) were dehydrated by convective (50 and 100 °C) and microwave (100 W) drying techniques with different pre-treatment combinations of sugar addition (25%) and blanching (100 °C, 5 min). Each pre-treatment consisting of sugar addition, slicing, and blanching resulted in a significant increase in color parameters compared to unpretreated samples. Color parameters measured at low drying temperatures were lower than high ones. Also, 100 W dried samples were higher in total anthocyanin content, and the pureed samples were 24.80% higher than sliced ones. The bioactive potential was evaluated regarding extractable, hydrolysable, and bioaccessible phenolic fractions by total phenolic content and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) antioxidant capacity assays. (i) 50 °C drying prevailed on drying at 100 °C and 100 W, especially in terms of extractable phenolic fractions and bioaccessible phenolic fractions; (ii) Sliced samples were higher for EPF and BPF, while pureed ones were higher in hydrolysable phenolic fractions; (iii) Blanched samples were relatively higher than unblanched ones in total phenolic content. For antioxidant capacity assays, extractable phenolic fractions were higher in blanched samples and bioaccessible phenolic fractions in unblanched ones (TEAC
ABTS , TEACCUPRAC ). (iv) Sugar addition negatively affected the bioactive potential in persimmon samples; no-sugar-added samples were higher, especially in bioaccessible phenolic fractions (p < 0.01; Total phenolic content, TEACABTS, TEACCUPRAC ). (v) The CUPRAC assay was the most appropriate method due to providing a view of more statistical distinction by picturing the same potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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42. Process Optimization for Production of Persimmon Wine with Lower Methanol.
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Wei, Jinwen, Li, Yajun, Liu, Yijuan, Liu, Silin, Yang, Xiaobing, and Wang, Xue
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PERSIMMON ,PROCESS optimization ,PECTINS ,FRUIT wines ,WINES ,METHANOL - Abstract
Persimmon wine has various nutritional elements and high commercial potential. However, the high content of methanol, which is derived from the fruit's pectin, always hinders persimmon wine production. To reduce the methanol level in the wine, the effects of persimmon cultivar, starter, pectinase, and pretreatment methods were investigated via single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The persimmon cultivar 'MaoKui' was finally used throughout the study owing to its lowest pectin concentration (24.5 g/kg). The best treatment conditions against the persimmon pulp were pectinase (0.04 g/kg) at 30 °C for 4 h, then boiled at 115 °C for 15 min before fermentation started. The optimized fermentation conditions for wine production were pectinase (0.03 g/kg), 250 mg/kg starter (BO213 and SPARK with equal amounts), at 28 °C for 6 d. The obtained wine had 77.7 mg/L methanol and a 68.4% raw juice yield. The fruit wine had 111.4 mg/L methanol and a 90.6 sensory evaluation score. Forty-nine volatile aromas were identified. Ethyl acetate content was the highest, followed by 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, and lactate ethyl ester. The persimmon wine had a unique style with transparent color, elegant aroma, and pure taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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43. Reformulation of Persimmon Value-Added Model: Product Downstream Development Strategy for Farmers in East Java, Indonesia.
- Author
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Asmy, Ayu Erfiana, Rauf, Abdul, Rahmawaty, Badaruddin, and Khasanah, Umrotul
- Subjects
PERSIMMON ,NEW product development ,DIVERSIFICATION in industry ,SUSTAINABILITY ,INDUSTRIAL management ,PROCESSED foods - Abstract
This research aims to reformulate the value-added model of persimmon fruit as an instrument to increase farmers' income by developing a product downstream strategy. This research was conducted in Malang and Tulungagung in East Java through observation and interviews. Then, we used SWOT analysis technique (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to identify various factors in reformulating and developing strategies systematically. The results show that farmers must consider product diversification, improved quality and packaging, certification and label, increased nutritional value, marketing and promotion, network and partnership development, training and capacity building, access to capital and financing, research and innovation, and farmer empowerment. Then, in downstream development, it is necessary to carry out strategies in the form of increased production quality, sustainable agricultural practices, processed product development, preparation of partnerships with private parties, effective marketing and promotion, intelligent packaging, product diversification, logistics and distribution optimization, business and financial management, and organic and sustainable certification. This research also identified that persimmon fruit production has great potential, with a large amount land and a high amount of production. In addition, various downstream persimmon products in the form of processed food and beverages can provide significant added value and have the potential to increase farmers' incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Technique for assessing the astringency of persimmon fruit by measuring the liposome aggregation.
- Author
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Kota KERA, Shohei MAKINO, Risako TAKEDA, Aoi SHIMENO, Masaya HOJO, Sadahiro HAMASAKI, Akihito ENDO, Masumi IIJIMA, and Tsutomu NAKAYAMA
- Subjects
PERSIMMON ,LIPOSOMES ,CATECHIN ,FRUIT ,TANNINS - Abstract
The astringency of persimmon fruits is a significant factor for consumers and the nutritional industry. To date, astringents, such as polyphenols, specifically persimmon condensed tannins, have been assessed using polyphenol quantification assays, such as the Folin-Ciocalteu method, based on their reducing power. However, these methods are influenced by the presence of other reducing substances. In this study, we developed a cost-effective liposome turbidity analysis using a portable visible spectrophotometer based on the interaction between liposomes and astringents. Authentic astringents, such as catechins and theaflavin-3-O-gallate, were analyzed, and their half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated. These results indicated that the affinity to the membrane was similar to that of astringency, as determined by sensory analysis. Additionally, the EC50 values of partially purified tannins from non-astringent and astringent persimmons were calculated. In conclusion, we determined the application methods to assess astringent persimmon fruits with and without the removal of astringency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
45. Active antioxidant and aromatic films blended with persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) and orange peel flour (Citrus sinensis) as sustainable packaging.
- Author
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Barone, Andreza Salles, Matheus, Julia Rabelo Vaz, Luchese, Cláudia Leites, Marques, Mônica Regina da Costa, de Souza, Ana Maria Furtado, Ferreira, Willian Hermogenes, Moreira, Ricardo Felipe Alves, and Fai, Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante
- Subjects
ORANGE peel ,ORANGES ,DIOSPYROS ,FOOD packaging ,PERSIMMON ,OLEIC acid - Abstract
Active antioxidant and aromatic films based on persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) cultivated according to agroecological precepts with orange peel flour (Citrus sinensis) and glycerol addition were developed by casting technique and characterized. The films were largely red and yellow appearance color, indicating a natural tendency to maintain the color of the persimmon pulp ripe. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous and compact structure of the films, which obtained a rougher texture with the addition of glycerol. The addition of orange peel flour to the film‐forming solution proportionally increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the persimmon puree films. Volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified, including limonene, β‐ionone, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, and vaccenic acid, which influence the overall aroma, as they were detected above their odor thresholds, and the functional properties of these films. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis showed two important degradation steps related to glycerol and pectin (130–230°C) and decomposition of the polymer structure (above 300°C), guaranteeing the processability of the raw materials under conditions of higher temperatures than those normally used in industrial food packaging products in a circular economy context. This study indicates the potential for formation of persimmon‐based films incorporated into orange peel flour as active antioxidant films for use in drinks and tea bags as a flavoring or as intermediate layers used between slices of cheese, avoiding direct contact with food, facilitating its separation, as some application examples. Highlights: Persimmon and orange peel flour films were developed by casting.Antioxidant and sensorial properties of blended films were evaluated.Volatile compounds were identified, including limonene and vaccenic acid.Circular economy principles were used to avoid postharvest fruit losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. DkWRKY transcription factors enhance persimmon resistance to Colletotrichum horii by promoting lignin accumulation through DkCAD1 promotor interaction.
- Author
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Fan, Hanyue, Shen, Xiaoxia, Ding, Yu, Li, Yongkuan, Liu, Shuyuan, Yang, Yong, Ding, Yuduan, and Guan, Changfei
- Subjects
TRANSCRIPTION factors ,PERSIMMON ,COLLETOTRICHUM ,LIGNINS ,JASMONIC acid ,SALICYLIC acid - Abstract
Persimmon anthracnose, a severe disease caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum horii, poses a substantial threat to China's persimmon industry. Previous research showed that 'Kangbing Jianshi' cultivar exhibits strong resistance to anthracnose. Notably, 'Kangbing Jianshi' branches exhibit greater lignification compared with the susceptible 'Fuping Jianshi' cultivar. In this study, higher lignin content was observed in 'Kangbing Jianshi' compared with 'Fuping Jianshi', and this difference was associated with disease resistance. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites were primarily enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and lignin synthesis pathways. Furthermore, significant upregulation of DkCAD1, a pivotal gene involved in lignin metabolism, was observed in the resistant cultivar when inoculated with C. horii. Transient overexpression of DkCAD1 substantially increased lignin content and improved resistance to C. horii in a susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, we identified two WRKY transcription factors, DkWRKY8 and DkWRKY10, which interacts with the DkCAD1 promoter and induces its activity. Overexpression of DkWRKY8 and DkWRKY10 not only increased leaf lignin content but also enhanced persimmon tolerance to C. horii. Moreover, the expression levels of DkCAD1, DkWRKY8, and DkWRKY10 were significantly increased in response to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in the resistant cultivar. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular functions of DkWRKY8, DkWRKY10, and DkCAD1 in persimmons, as well as their involvement in molecular breeding processes in persimmons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Astringent and non‐astringent persimmon cremogenates made with different thickeners.
- Author
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Taboada, Damián, García‐Hernández, Jorge, Ortolá, María Dolores, and Castelló, María Luisa
- Subjects
- *
THICKENING agents , *PERSIMMON , *SODIUM alginate , *GUAR gum , *PECTINS , *OXIDANT status - Abstract
Summary: Due to the surplus in the production of 'Rojo Brillante' persimmon in Spain, there is great interest in developing products made from this fruit that can take full advantage of production peaks. However, heat treatment can reverse the astringency, limiting the diversity of products derived from persimmon. The aim of this study was to characterise physicochemically astringent and non‐astringent persimmon cremogenates subjected to pasteurisation and elaborated with different thickeners (guar gum, sodium alginate and pectin). Several aspects were specifically analysed: the evolution during the storage of the soluble solid content, water, total phenols, antioxidant capacity, optical and mechanical properties, as well as the microbiological stability. The sensory acceptability of the selected cremogenates was also evaluated. The results showed that the final colour of the samples depended on the initial level of astringency of the raw material; the non‐astringent persimmons were much darker (L* ≈ 40–50) than astringent persimmons (L* ≈ 65–70), and the type of thickener used had no effect and led to no difference. Furthermore, the cremogenate was harder (F ≈ 20–120 N) when astringent persimmons were used. In astringent cremogenates the thickeners evaluated help in reducing the total phenol content after 3 months of storage in 40% when compared to the control. The heat treatment applied (70 °C, 30 min) did not reverse the astringency, so this type of cremogenate could be a commercial outlet for the waste or surplus of this fruit. In this regard, non‐astringent persimmons with pectin would be recommended for the preparation of cremogenates from this fruit since they were also those that the scored best in the sensory analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Maximizing the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Diospyros kaki Peel through the Use of a Pulsed Electric Field and Ultrasound Extraction
- Author
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Vassilis Athanasiadis, Theodoros Chatzimitakos, Eleni Bozinou, Konstantina Kotsou, Dimitrios Palaiogiannis, and Stavros I. Lalas
- Subjects
persimmon ,circular economy ,pulsed electric field ,ultrasonication ,extraction ,polyphenols ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is renowned for its exceptional health benefits, which can be attributed to its abundance of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds from persimmon peel, an underexplored waste biomass, within the frame of sustainability and a circular economy. For this reason, a comprehensive multi-factor extraction approach was employed. Specifically, diverse methods including a pulsed electric field and ultrasonication combined with simple stirring were explored. Through this systematic approach, the most efficient extraction process was determined, resulting in elevated yields of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, ascorbic acid, and total carotenoids. Among the identified phenolic compounds, rutin emerged as the most abundant, with concentrations reaching up to 172.86 μg/g. Utilizing partial least squares analysis, the maximum predicted values for the bioactive compounds were determined, with total polyphenols reaching 7.17 mg GAE/g, ascorbic acid at 4.93 mg/g, and total carotenoids at 386.47 μg CtE/g. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated with the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and H2O2 scavenging assays. The recorded antioxidant performance underscored the substantial potential of persimmon peels as a source of cost-effective extracts with high antioxidant activity. This study not only contributes to optimizing the bioactive compounds’ extraction from persimmon peel but also highlights the process’s viability by producing valuable extracts with antioxidant properties at low cost.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Investigation of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Properties of Pulp and Peel of Tunisian Diospyros kaki L. Fruit
- Author
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Allouache, Radia, Ben Haj Koubaier, Hayet, Bouacida, Saoussen, Turki, Mohamed, Abdessemed, Meriem, Bouzouita, Nabiha, and Snoussi, Ahmed
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. 低温真空油炸柿子脆片工艺优化及其 品质分析.
- Author
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盛金凤, 雷雅雯, 王雪峰, 李 丽, 辛 明, 叶冬青, 严彩菱, and 零东宁
- Subjects
PERSIMMON ,FRYING - Abstract
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- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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