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Background: There are 14,228 care homes in England with a population of approximately 372,035 residents, many of whom are living with frailty or multiple and complex comorbidities. Policy and international literature advocate that care homes provide high‐quality person‐centred care that meets each person's specific needs. This study aims to provide an exploration of person‐centred care in care homes in the South West of England from the perspective of all those involved. Methods: A qualitative multiple case study design was used across seven care homes in a region of South West England. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 61 participants (residents, family and health and care professionals). Nonparticipant observations were undertaken in communal areas to understand the practices and cultures of the care homes. All data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings: The findings are presented as six themes, they are adjusting to the transition into a care home; people at the centre of care; the place we call home with the people we call family; working across the boundaries of care; supporting, valuing and empowering care home teams; and managing complex and challenging moments of care. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a whole system understanding of person‐centred care across seven care homes. The main components of person‐centred care appear to be relational. These relationships take place in cultures and systems that are complex and challenging with care boundaries that need to be navigated. Navigating these care boundaries requires a people‐centred care approach built on partnerships and mutual respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the special issue of the journal on trauma-informed care in forensic settings. We consider the contributions of each of the papers, followed by a discussion of the complexities of work in this area. We conclude by proposing three general principles that can be used to guide the ongoing development of trauma-informed forensic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a behaviour many counselling psychologists encounter in practice, and the way clinician's respond can have an important impact on the individual's experience of recovery. The person-centred NSSI recovery framework incorporates the voices of lived experience in understanding the multi-faceted nature of recovery. Objectives: This paper outlines important considerations for how the recovery framework can guide clinicians with respect to both therapeutic stance and intervention targets in order to support clients in navigating their experience of NSSI and recovery. Implications: Clinicians should adopt a strengths-based approach and foster self-efficacy and self-compassion with persons with lived experience. This paper provides specific recommendations for counselling psychologists and their clients, including encouraging clinicians to avoid making assumptions about the causes, meanings, and outcomes of self-injury, and to be cognizant of the non-linear nature of the recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Person-centred care is widely accepted as being central to high quality care, but little is known about how physiotherapists implement person centred rehabilitation in Intensive Care. This study explores the self-reported experiences and interpretations of physiotherapists delivering person-centred rehabilitation in this setting. Methods: A qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis explored the lived experiences of physiotherapists and students who have worked in Intensive Care. Three focus groups, with four participants in each, were conducted. Data were fully transcribed, analysed and managed using NVivo software. Results: Participants shared similar interpretations about the principles of person-centred care. Operationalising person-centred rehabilitation during early recovery was not easily achievable. As the person's clinical condition improved, participants moved away from routine physiotherapy and their practice became more person-centred through the development of a partnership. Participants connected as humans to understand the person and respond to their needs within a culture that valued person-centred care. Conclusions: Physiotherapists aspire to develop a partnership with their patients by connecting on a human level with them and addressing their biopsychosocial needs. Physiotherapists with experience of developing patient partnerships influence the culture of the Intensive Care team and are role-models to facilitate collaborative person-centred activity in others. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Physiotherapists can move from a biomedical approach towards becoming partners with patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as they become cognitively aware. Physiotherapists become person-centred by connecting as humans to the patient and moving towards a biopsychosocial approach that addresses the physical, psychological and instrumental needs of the patient in ICU. When aiming towards a person-centred approach on ICU, physiotherapists contribute to a culture that nurtures the unique patient and works collaboratively with the family and the health care team. Experience working with patients in ICU, allows physiotherapists to identify opportunities to be person-centred and facilitate other team members in becoming so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Communities and groups based on person‐centred theoretical principles are often a core part of counselling and psychotherapy training within this modality, yet no research has been undertaken that considers these groups as a community of practice. Furthermore, no research has been undertaken that explores the impact of these groups when they are run alongside, rather than as part of, the curriculum. Aims: This study explores our experiences of facilitating a community of practice for trainee personcentred/experiential therapists that focused on critical thinking skills. This community was established over a 12‐week period and was attended by students from across 3‐year groups. Methods: Using collaborative autoethnography to explore these encounters, we identify four key aspects of our experience of this community. Results: The following aspects were identified: (1) Fecund and Fruitful—A Space for Growth; (2) Freedom to Learn; (3) Jenga!—Navigating the Dimensions of Community Facilitator; and (4) Power and Control. Discussion: This study centres on the idea of student‐centred learning as a way of challenging hegemonic notions of education and learning within higher educational settings. Conclusion: These findings could help others set up and facilitate other communities of practice based on person‐centred principles, in counselling and psychotherapy training, or other associated fields of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background One way of standardizing practice and improving patient safety is by introducing clinical care pathways; however, such pathways are typically geared towards assisting clinicians and healthcare organizations with evidence-based practice. Many dementia care pathways exist with no agreed-upon version of a care pathway and with little data on experiences about their use or outcomes. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify the dementia care pathway’s purpose, methods used to deploy the pathway, and expected user types; (2) to identify the care pathway’s core components, expected outcomes, and implications for persons with dementia and their care partners; and (3) determine the extent of involvement by persons with dementia and/or their care partners in developing, implementing, and evaluating the care pathways. Methods We systematically searched six literature databases for published literature in the English language in September 2023 utilizing Arskey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework. Results The findings from the dementia care pathways (n = 13) demonstrated assistance in dementia diagnostic and management practices for clinicians and offered structured care processes in clinical settings. For this reason, these pathways emphasized assessment and interventional post-diagnostic support, with less emphasis on community-based integrated dementia care. Conclusion Future dementia care pathway development can seek the involvement of persons with dementia and care partners in designing, implementing and evaluating such pathways, ensuring that outcome measures properly reflect the impact on persons with lived dementia experience and their care partners.

Background: One way of standardizing practice and improving patient safety is by introducing clinical care pathways; however, such pathways are typically geared towards assisting clinicians and healthcare organizations with evidence-based practice. Many dementia care pathways exist with no agreed-upon version of a care pathway and with little data on experiences about their use or outcomes. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify the dementia care pathway's purpose, methods used to deploy the pathway, and expected user types; (2) to identify the care pathway's core components, expected outcomes, and implications for persons with dementia and their care partners; and (3) determine the extent of involvement by persons with dementia and/or their care partners in developing, implementing, and evaluating the care pathways. Methods: We systematically searched six literature databases for published literature in the English language in September 2023 utilizing Arskey and O'Malley's scoping review framework. Results: The findings from the dementia care pathways (n = 13) demonstrated assistance in dementia diagnostic and management practices for clinicians and offered structured care processes in clinical settings. For this reason, these pathways emphasized assessment and interventional post-diagnostic support, with less emphasis on community-based integrated dementia care. Conclusion: Future dementia care pathway development can seek the involvement of persons with dementia and care partners in designing, implementing and evaluating such pathways, ensuring that outcome measures properly reflect the impact on persons with lived dementia experience and their care partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Childhood immunizations have proven to be one of the most beneficial interventions to promote public health and prevent childhood deaths due to disease. However, global coverage of childhood immunization has decreased throughout the world due to guardians' growing hesitancy towards immunizations. This study aims to describe how specialist nurses promote legal guardians to adhere to national childhood immunization programmes. Design and Methods: This study had a qualitative design. Semistructured interviews with 11 specialist nurses, who were paediatric primary care nurses or nurse practitioners, were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The findings, with four main categories including four subcategories, showed nurses using both local guidelines and national guidelines to promote guardians to adhere to the childhood immunization programme. The main intervention the nurses did to promote childhood immunization coverage was giving legal guardians general information about the programme. With hesitant guardians, adopting a person‐centred approach towards the legal guardian improved adherence. Practice Implications: Further research should focus on how specialist nurses can respond to guardians who decline immunization for their children, as this study identified difficulties in this area. Furthermore, research on guardians' perspectives towards childhood immunization may also help generate further effective guidance on how to promote immunization coverage among children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering identity is a rapidly evolving construct within engineering, primarily due to its link to engineering persistence. Yet, most engineering identity research has been qualitative in nature or has described individuals within the analytical technique as coming from a single population. This study is the first to allow for the detection of different meaningful groups of engineering students demonstrating similarity on the construct using the new technique of Random Intercept Latent Transition Analysis. Through this study we identified three stable classes of engineering identity amongst first-year undergraduate students. Women demonstrated a greater likelihood of advancing to higher engineering identity classes over time than men. Unfortunately, the influence of COVID-19 yielded negative engineering identity developmental patterns for some students. Lastly, descriptive analyses of students' first-year engineering identity class assignments in relation to their selection/non-selection of engineering majors revealed Calculus-readiness upon college entrance might be an important component in these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate a person‐centred model of clinical supervision to enhance person‐centredness. Design: Experimental, quantitative. Methods: One hundred and three New Graduates were supported to reflect through a person‐centred lens (July–December 2020). Evaluation was undertaken at 6 months using: the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale‐26 (effectiveness of supervision) and the Person‐centred Practice Inventory (measures attributes of the nurse/midwife, the care environment and person‐centred processes). Due to participation difficulties, scores were calculated by attendance rates using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Regular attendees scored higher on the supervision's effectiveness; however, this did not reach efficacy. 'Finding time' to attend contributed to low scores. Supervision scored well on its supportive function when attended. Many New Graduates perceived a decline in their care environment. Attendance aside, New Graduates averaged an increased in their person‐centred attributes and processes. Greater participation was found in those who scored higher at baseline on their person‐centred attributes and processes, and this higher scoring continued at 6 months than those who attended less. Conclusion: New Graduates who perceive themselves as person‐centred and reflective at baseline are more likely to attend a person‐centred clinical supervision and score higher at 6 months than those who attended less often. New Graduates found support within supervision during challenging times. Implications for Practice for Professional and/or Patient Care: For successful implementation of Person‐centred Clinical Supervision, New Graduates need support to attend, as attendance supports them to begin seeing value in the process. Impact: This intervention kept person‐centred practice at the forefront of New Graduates reflection, in a time of extreme change. The research has implications for nursing and midwifery management with the imperative to deliver person‐centred care and create the person‐centred cultures for staff to feel supported and empowered. Reporting Method: Transparent Evaluation of Non‐randomized Designs (TREND). Patient of Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. Contribution to Wider Community: New Graduates grow their person‐centredness over their transitioning year; however, this can be enhanced with regular clinical supervision underpinned by person‐centred theory.Clinical supervisors can provide support to New Graduates when the environment is challenged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ability to self‐advocate or have a say in one's care is integral to personalised care after acquired brain injury (ABI). This study aimed to understand what constitutes self‐advocacy and associated barriers and facilitators throughout hospital transitions and into the community. Method: Qualitative methodology was employed with semistructured interviews conducted with 12 people with ABI and 13 family members. Interviews were conducted at predischarge (in‐person or via telephone) and 4 months postdischarge (via telephone) from the brain injury rehabilitation unit of a tertiary hospital. Data were thematically analysed using a hybrid deductive–inductive approach. Results: Self‐advocacy reflects the process of reclaiming agency or people's efforts to exert influence over care decisions after ABI. Agency varies along a continuum, often beginning with impaired processing of the self or environment (loss of agency) before individuals start to understand and question their care (emerging agency) and ultimately plan and direct their ongoing and future care (striving for agency). This process may vary across individuals and contexts. Barriers to self‐advocacy for individuals with ABI include neurocognitive deficits that limit capacity and desire for control over decisions, unfamiliar and highly structured environments and lack of family support. Facilitators include neurocognitive recovery, growing desire to self‐advocate and scaffolded support from family and clinicians. Conclusion: Self‐advocacy after ABI entails a process of reclaiming agency whereby individuals seek to understand, question and direct their ongoing care. This is facilitated by neurocognitive recovery, growing capacity and desire and scaffolded supports. Research evaluating approaches for embedding self‐advocacy skills early in brain injury rehabilitation is recommended. Patient or Public Contribution: Two caregivers with lived experience of supporting a family member with ABI were involved in the design and conduct of this study and contributed to and provided feedback on the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s): To conceptualise and identify characteristics of clinical leadership in the nursing home setting. Design: A qualitative study using semi‐structured focus group interviews and a thematic analysis. Methods: Five semi‐structured focus group interviews were conducted with 41 healthcare professionals from nursing and other healthcare disciplines working in nursing homes (such as nurse assistants, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses (RNs), occupational therapists, recreational therapists, psychologists and gerontologists). Qualitative thematic content analysis of the gathered data was done. Results: Clinical leaders in nursing homes can be defined as passionate healthcare professionals providing person‐centred care with strong communication skills. They are clinical experts in their field and motivated to engage in lifelong learning. They are team players with informal leadership skills. They are visionary, committed, resilient and responsive. Awareness of the definition and the main characteristics of clinical leadership is necessary to facilitate the identification, support and development of healthcare professionals. Focussing on the development of competencies, training courses and monitoring and assessment methods is necessary to improve the evidence of clinical leadership in nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Despite continuous improvements in anti-rheumatic pharmacological treatment, people with chronic inflammatory arthritis still report substantial disease impact. Based on the framework for complex interventions, we thus developed INSELMA, a novel nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary self-management intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis. Based on individual biopsychosocial assessments, a rheumatology nurse facilitated goal setting and coordinated interdisciplinary support. The aim of this study was to explore the patients’ experience of participating in the six-months INSELMA intervention. Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 of the participants after their final follow-up. Thematic analysis was applied. Results The analysis derived four overall themes. (1) A new opportunity at the right time. The participants’ disease impacted all areas of daily life. Participation in INSELMA was experienced as an opportunity to improve symptoms and together reduce long-held challenges they had fought alone, until now. (2) The importance of person-centred goals. The participants found it meaningful to work with their individual goals, which encompassed physical, psychological, and social factors. Having time between consultations to work with goals at home was important. (3) Empathy, partnership and a little nudging from health professionals are essential. The empathic nurses’ continuous support and coaching helped participants become aware of their own resources. The participants highlighted having access to support from a physiotherapist and occupational therapist with rheumatology experience as important. (4) I got more than I could have hoped for. Most of the participants experienced decreased symptom load and improvement in physical strength, mobility, sleep, and mood as well as increased energy, knowledge, and self-management ability. The participants expressed new hope for the future with an improved ability to manage their symptoms and work towards new goals. Conclusion The participants found the INSELMA intervention meaningful and feasible. They experienced decreased disease impact and increased activity levels, facilitated by empathy and self-management support from health professionals.

Introduction: Person‐centred care (PCC) has been recognized as a critical element in delivering quality and responsive health services. The patient−provider relationship, conceptualized at the core of PCC in multiple models, remains largely unexamined in HIV care. We conducted a systematic review to better understand the types of PCC interventions implemented to improve patient−provider interactions and how these interventions have improved HIV care continuum outcomes and person‐reported outcomes (PROs) among people living with HIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Methods: We searched databases, conference proceedings and conducted manual targeted searches to identify randomized trials and observational studies published up to January 2023. The PCC search terms were guided by the Integrative Model of Patient‐Centeredness by Scholl. We included person‐centred interventions aiming to enhance the patient−provider interactions. We included HIV care continuum outcomes and PROs. Results: We included 28 unique studies: 18 (64.3%) were quantitative, eight (28.6.%) were mixed methods and two (7.1%) were qualitative. Within PCC patient−provider interventions, we inductively identified five categories of PCC interventions: (1) providing friendly and welcoming services; (2) patient empowerment and improved communication skills (e.g. supporting patient‐led skills such as health literacy and approaches when communicating with a provider); (3) improved individualized counselling and patient‐centred communication (e.g. supporting provider skills such as training on motivational interviewing); (4) audit and feedback; and (5) provider sensitisation to patient experiences and identities. Among the included studies with a comparison arm and effect size reported, 62.5% reported a significant positive effect of the intervention on at least one HIV care continuum outcome, and 100% reported a positive effect of the intervention on at least one of the included PROs. Discussion: Among published HIV PCC interventions, there is heterogeneity in the components of PCC addressed, the actors involved and the expected outcomes. While results are also heterogeneous across clinical and PROs, there is more evidence for significant improvement in PROs. Further research is necessary to better understand the clinical implications of PCC, with fewer studies measuring linkage or long‐term retention or viral suppression. Conclusions: Improved understanding of PCC domains, mechanisms and consistency of measurement will advance PCC research and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decisions about driving for individuals living with dementia (ILWD) can be challenging. There are limited evidence‐based person‐centred interventions in the United Kingdom that support decisions about transitioning to not driving or guidelines for developing decision aids for ILWD. This study aimed to understand the important features of a decision aid through the cultural adaptation of Australian dementia and driving decision aid (DDDA) for ILWD residing in the United Kingdom. Methods: This qualitative study was theoretically underpinned by a person‐centred framework and conducted over three stages: (1) Development of a draft UK‐specific DDDA; (2) semistructured interviews with ILWD and an online survey with stakeholders to obtain their views on a draft UK DDDA and (3) content analysis and synthesis of qualitative data to inform the final version of the decision aid. Results: Eleven ILWD and six of their spouses participated in interviews, and 102 stakeholders responded to an online survey. The four broad features identified as important to include in a decision aid for drivers living with dementia were: a structured and interactive format; positive and supportive messaging and presentation; relevant and concise content and choice‐centred. The perceived benefits of the decision aid were identified as supporting conversations, enhancing collaborative decision making and enabling agency with decisions about driving and future mobility options. Conclusions: Decision aids that are underpinned by interactive choice‐driven questions enhance a person‐centred approach to decisions about driving. Positively framing decision aids through the presentation and content can facilitate engagement with the decision‐making process about driving. The findings have implications for the development of decision aids designed for ILWD on other important health and social topics. Patient and Public Involvement: Advocating for the development of a UK DDDA were ILWD. Healthcare professionals contributed to the development of a draft UK DDDA. Former and current drivers living with dementia, family members, healthcare professionals and other support networks of ILWD participated in interviews or an online survey which informed the final version of the UK DDDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of occupational therapy in dementia facilities using a person‐centred model of care, from the perspective of family members, occupational therapists and multidisciplinary health professionals. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted, and all data were evaluated using thematic analysis. Semi‐structured interviews were completed with eight family members and five multidisciplinary health professionals. Four occupational therapists practising in dementia care also provided qualitative data via an online survey. Results: The analysis identified two key themes around perceptions of occupational therapy in person‐centred dementia care. These themes were (1) the poorly defined scope of the occupational therapy role and (2) the perceived features of the occupational therapy role. Conclusions: While the perceptions and experiences of participants varied, the scope of this role is currently poorly defined. Occupational therapists in this setting commonly facilitate positive social interaction and present‐oriented occupational engagement with residents and are also recognised as building workforce capacity with multidisciplinary colleagues. Without a clearly defined scope of practice, the role of occupational therapy in enabling health and well‐being for people with dementia cannot be coherently articulated. This could lead to underutilisation of occupational therapy services, and lost opportunities for residents to experience improved health and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim(s) To conceptualise and identify characteristics of clinical leadership in the nursing home setting. Design A qualitative study using semi‐structured focus group interviews and a thematic analysis. Methods Five semi‐structured focus group interviews were conducted with 41 healthcare professionals from nursing and other healthcare disciplines working in nursing homes (such as nurse assistants, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses (RNs), occupational therapists, recreational therapists, psychologists and gerontologists). Qualitative thematic content analysis of the gathered data was done. Results Clinical leaders in nursing homes can be defined as passionate healthcare professionals providing person‐centred care with strong communication skills. They are clinical experts in their field and motivated to engage in lifelong learning. They are team players with informal leadership skills. They are visionary, committed, resilient and responsive. Awareness of the definition and the main characteristics of clinical leadership is necessary to facilitate the identification, support and development of healthcare professionals. Focussing on the development of competencies, training courses and monitoring and assessment methods is necessary to improve the evidence of clinical leadership in nursing homes.

The term severe mental illness (SMI) is often used in academic work, primary care practice, and policy, acknowledging the health disparities experienced by, and need for improved support for, this population. However, here we draw from the varied experiences of our authorship team to reflect on some problematic operationalisations of the term SMI and its usage, specifically in policy, primary care practice, and academic discourses in England and the UK. Benefits of the SMI label in accessing specialised services are evident but, in this commentary, we start a discussion on its necessity and unintended consequences for wider health support. We focus on physical health support specifically. We hope that this commentary encourages dialogue among practitioners, researchers, stakeholders and commissioners concerning wider uses of the term SMI.

The article offers information on the special edition focusing on person- and family-centered care (PFCC) in communication sciences and disorders. Topics discussed include the evolution from patient-centered care (PCC) to PFCC; challenges and facilitators in implementing PFCC; and the importance of shared decision-making and psychosocial support in enhancing care for individuals with communication disorders.

Abstract Aim To explore nurses’ experiences of using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) as a communication tool in specialized palliative care. Design This study employed a qualitative inductive approach. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were followed for reporting. Methods Five focus groups were conducted with nurses from four specialized palliative care units, and the discussions were analysed with quality content analysis. Results Using IPOS for communication with the patient gave an opportunity to understand the patient's care needs and to let these care needs guide care interventions. Prerequisites in terms of relation, atmosphere, skills and flexibility were needed to establish an interactive communication. It was challenging to communicate about issues that evoked emotional reactions in the patient. There was a balancing act between the use of a structured scale and overcoming communication challenges. Nonetheless, when the two complemented each other, IPOS was a useful tool for nurses to promote person‐centred care.

Psychedelic substances induce profound alterations in consciousness. Careful preparation is therefore essential to limit adverse reactions, enhance therapeutic benefits, and maintain user safety. This paper describes the development of a self-directed, digital intervention for psychedelic preparation. Drawing on elements from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing complex interventions, the design was informed by a four-factor model of psychedelic preparedness, using a person-centred approach. Our mixed-methods investigation consisted of two studies. The first involved interviews with 19 participants who had previously attended a ‘high-dose’ psilocybin retreat, systematically exploring their preparation behaviours and perspectives on the proposed intervention. The second study engaged 28 attendees of an ongoing psilocybin retreat in co-design workshops, refining the intervention protocol using insights from the initial interviews. The outcome is a co-produced 21-day digital course (Digital Intervention for Psychedelic Preparation (DIPP)), that is organised into four modules: Knowledge–Expectation, Psychophysical–Readiness, Safety–Planning, and Intention–Preparation. Fundamental components of the course include daily meditation practice, supplementary exercises tied to the weekly modules, and mood tracking. DIPP provides a comprehensive and scalable solution to enhance psychedelic preparedness, aligning with the broader shift towards digital mental health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Health Service (NHS) cardiac rehabilitation patient care pathway has remained largely unchanged for many years despite, on average, half of all eligible patients declining to engage. To investigate reasons for non-engagement, we explored the experiences of ten cardiac patients who participated in cardiac rehabilitation, dropped out, or declined, as well as experiences of seven people deemed significant others by participants. Our ethnographic study involved participant observations, repeat in-depth semi-structured interviews, and reflexive journaling. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, focusing on participants' lived experiences. Utilising Bourdieusian concepts of habitus, capital, and field, this article highlights how personal biography, material conditions, and dispositional inclinations combine to make cardiac health care decision-making individual and complex. Despite this, health professionals were not always attuned to specific circumstances arising from differences in patients' experiences and lifeworlds. By considering service improvement recommendations that acknowledge socio-cultural influences, cardiac rehabilitation can work towards providing patients and their significant others with more appropriate, personalised, and person-centred support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study developed a proposed set of person‐centred quality indicators (PC‐QIs) for services that assess older adults' care and support needs to determine their eligibility to receive government‐funded aged care services in Australia. Individual proposed PC‐QIs amenability for change within current organizational structures were explored. Barriers and opportunities to adapt service elements of the aged care assessment service to better align with the intent of the proposed PC‐QIs were identified. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted over five phases. A scoping review identified domains of quality for aged care services as perceived by older adults. Service elements of an aged care assessment service were mapped alongside quality domains informing key attributes of each quality domain. Self‐determination theory was used to formulate each proposed PC‐QI to align with key attributes and quality domains. Consultation with a consumer group enabled revision of the proposed PC‐QIs. A focus group with clinicians evaluated the amenability of each proposed PC‐QI for change and identified barriers and opportunities to better align service elements with older adults' perceptions of quality. Results were informed by qualitative and quantitative data from a structured focus group. Focus group discussions were audio recorded and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were analyzed using a deductive thematic approach by two independent researchers. Results: Twenty‐four proposed PC‐QIs were developed. Refinement to descriptors of the proposed PC‐QIs were made by the consumer group (n = 18) and all were affirmed as being amenable to change by aged care assessors. Barriers in meeting the intent of the proposed PC‐QIs were identified across five domains including: health care staff knowledge (18.7%; n = 3); clear communication (31%; n = 5); person‐centred approach (18.7%; n = 3); respect for client (18.7%; n = 3); and collaborative partnership with client (12%; n = 2). Participants made 21 recommendations. Of the five service elements in delivering an aged care assessment service, barriers in meeting the intent of the proposed PC‐QIs were identified at the intake and booking of an assessment and during the assessment. Conclusions: Recommendations identified provide assessment services guidance on ways to adapt service elements to better align with older adults' perceptions of quality. Patient and Public Contribution: Patients and carers were involved as collaborators in this project at the protocol stage which included participating in discussions regarding the refining and modification of the protocol, refinement of the proposed PC‐QIs, data collection forms and supplementary information for participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative condition. Due to the heterogeneity of symptoms that may be experienced, individualised treatment plans are essential. Hear Me Now (HMN) is an app developed for individuals with learning disabilities. Anecdotal evidence suggested people with chronic conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, might also benefit from using HMN in managing their complex health condition. Aims: This feasibility study sought to explore whether HMN was suitable for use in people with Parkinson's disease. Methods: A purposive sample of 4 people with Parkinson's were recruited. Following training, participants used the HMN app at home over 3 months. Interviews were used to explore their use of functions within the app; ease of use; any impact it had on their daily life; any barriers or facilitators to using the app. Findings: Most participants found HMN beneficial in managing their health condition. Conclusion: The HMN app merits further research for use in patient self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving palliative and end-of-life care for people with dementia is a growing priority globally. This study aimed to integrate multiple perspectives on end-of-life care for people with dementia and carers, to identify clinically relevant areas for improvement. Methods: The mixed-methods study involved surveys, interviews, and workshops with two participant groups: healthcare professionals and carers (individuals who provided care and support to a family member or friend). Healthcare professionals were invited to complete an online adapted version of the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, End-of-Life Care Toolkit: Clinician Survey Questions. Carers completed a hard copy or online adapted version of the Views of Informal Carers—Evaluation of Services (Short form) (VOICES-SF) questionnaire. Interview schedules were semi-structured, and workshops followed a co-design format. Findings were integrated narratively using a weaving approach. Results: Five areas in which we can improve care for people with dementia at the end of life, were identified: 1) Timely recognition of end of life; 2) Conversations about palliative care and end of life; 3) Information and support for people with dementia and carers; 4) Person-and-carer-centred care; 5) Accessing quality, coordinated care. Conclusions: There are multiple areas where we can improve the quality of end-of-life care people with dementia receive. The findings demonstrate that the heterogeneous and challenging experiences of living with and caring for people with dementia necessitate a multidisciplinary, multifaceted approach to end-of-life care. The identified solutions, including care coordination, can guide local development of co-designed models of end-of-life care for people with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Guidance and policy on personalised (or person‐centred) care of older people living in care homes advocates that all residents must have their preferences considered, and that all care provided must be reasonably adjusted to meet the person's specific needs. Despite this, research that considers what matters to residents in terms of the care they receive is limited. Objectives: Our review aims to explore care home residents' lived experiences of personalised care and understand what really matters to them. Methods: Six electronic databases (CINHAL, Medline (Ovid), Embase, PubMed, Web of Science & PsychInfo) and Google Scholar (grey literature) were searched to identify qualitative studies relating to personalised care in care home settings, which also included resident (voices) quotes. The literature review and synthesis are reported using eMERGe guidance. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for our meta‐ethnography. Four conceptual categories (the challenge of fitting into institutional care, the passing of time, holding onto a sense of self and a desire to feel at home) and two key concepts (creating a culture of purposeful living and caring and forming and maintaining meaningful & empowering relationships) were identified. Finally, a conceptual framework of understanding represents what personally matters to residents in terms of their care. Conclusion: Our meta‐ethnography, guided by residents' lived experiences of personalised care, offers a new perspective of what personally matters to residents in terms of the care they receive. The conceptual framework of understanding highlights the importance of moving from an institutional position of doing for residents to a person‐centred position of doing with residents. Implications for practice: Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the differences between personalised and person‐centred care for policy and practice. Further considerations are required on how this might be applied through nurse and care home professionals' education and work practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: All children have the right to express their views about matters affecting them and participate in decision‐making for their future irrespective of their intellectual ability. This study explores the adult role in understanding the views of children with profound and multiple learning difficulties who are not using a formal communication system and require adults to speak on their behalf. Methods: The study employs a qualitative multiple case study design involving three children with profound and multiple learning difficulties attending one special school. Social constructivist grounded theory approaches inform data gathering and analysis. Eight interviews are conducted with parents and professionals to explore how they understand the children's views and how this understanding informs person‐centred planning, combined with observations of the children in school and observations of their person‐centred planning meetings. Findings: Adult participants consider the children in the study to have agency and ability to affect the world around them. They believe the children can express their likes, dislikes and what they want but they think the children would have difficulty communicating their views about their health, medical needs and disability. They describe a range of observable actions made by a child to which they give meaning when interpreting the child's views. The actions a person takes as a child's communication partner can enable the child to develop and communicate their views. A process of observation and comparison allows adults to explore different interpretations of a child's views. Perspectives offered by professionals from different fields enable a child's views to be understood in different ways. Conclusions: Adults develop their understanding of the children's views over time in relational and social contexts. Different interpretations of a child's communication are considered when adults collaborate, leading to socially constructed understandings of a child's views. Adults infer the meaning of a child's views about what is important to them for the future from their understanding of the child's views in the present, which informs person‐centred planning. Accessible summary: All children have the right to take part in decision‐making for their future. This includes children with profound and multiple learning difficulties who do not use speech, pictures or signs to communicate and need adults to speak on their behalf.This paper describes eight interviews with parents and people who work with children with profound and multiple learning difficulties to ask how they find out about the children's views. We observed the children in school to check what the adults told us. We also observed a person‐centred planning meeting for each child to see how the adults talk to each other about the child's views and make decisions in a group.The adults told us that watching the children's responses carefully over time in different situations helps them to find out about the children's likes, dislikes and what they want. The adults find it helpful to talk to each other about different possibilities for what the children might be telling them. This helps them to think about what the children might want to do in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore nurses' experiences of using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) as a communication tool in specialized palliative care. Design: This study employed a qualitative inductive approach. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were followed for reporting. Methods: Five focus groups were conducted with nurses from four specialized palliative care units, and the discussions were analysed with quality content analysis. Results: Using IPOS for communication with the patient gave an opportunity to understand the patient's care needs and to let these care needs guide care interventions. Prerequisites in terms of relation, atmosphere, skills and flexibility were needed to establish an interactive communication. It was challenging to communicate about issues that evoked emotional reactions in the patient. There was a balancing act between the use of a structured scale and overcoming communication challenges. Nonetheless, when the two complemented each other, IPOS was a useful tool for nurses to promote person‐centred care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Person‐centred care (PCC) has been recognized as a critical element in delivering quality and responsive health services. The patient−provider relationship, conceptualized at the core of PCC in multiple models, remains largely unexamined in HIV care. We conducted a systematic review to better understand the types of PCC interventions implemented to improve patient−provider interactions and how these interventions have improved HIV care continuum outcomes and person‐reported outcomes (PROs) among people living with HIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Methods We searched databases, conference proceedings and conducted manual targeted searches to identify randomized trials and observational studies published up to January 2023. The PCC search terms were guided by the Integrative Model of Patient‐Centeredness by Scholl. We included person‐centred interventions aiming to enhance the patient−provider interactions. We included HIV care continuum outcomes and PROs. Results We included 28 unique studies: 18 (64.3%) were quantitative, eight (28.6.%) were mixed methods and two (7.1%) were qualitative. Within PCC patient−provider interventions, we inductively identified five categories of PCC interventions: (1) providing friendly and welcoming services; (2) patient empowerment and improved communication skills (e.g. supporting patient‐led skills such as health literacy and approaches when communicating with a provider); (3) improved individualized counselling and patient‐centred communication (e.g. supporting provider skills such as training on motivational interviewing); (4) audit and feedback; and (5) provider sensitisation to patient experiences and identities. Among the included studies with a comparison arm and effect size reported, 62.5% reported a significant positive effect of the intervention on at least one HIV care continuum outcome, and 100% reported a positive effect of the intervention on at least one of the included PROs. Discussion Among published HIV PCC interventions, there is heterogeneity in the components of PCC addressed, the actors involved and the expected outcomes. While results are also heterogeneous across clinical and PROs, there is more evidence for significant improvement in PROs. Further research is necessary to better understand the clinical implications of PCC, with fewer studies measuring linkage or long‐term retention or viral suppression. Conclusions Improved understanding of PCC domains, mechanisms and consistency of measurement will advance PCC research and implementation.

Abstract Background Decisions about driving for individuals living with dementia (ILWD) can be challenging. There are limited evidence‐based person‐centred interventions in the United Kingdom that support decisions about transitioning to not driving or guidelines for developing decision aids for ILWD. This study aimed to understand the important features of a decision aid through the cultural adaptation of Australian dementia and driving decision aid (DDDA) for ILWD residing in the United Kingdom. Methods This qualitative study was theoretically underpinned by a person‐centred framework and conducted over three stages: (1) Development of a draft UK‐specific DDDA; (2) semistructured interviews with ILWD and an online survey with stakeholders to obtain their views on a draft UK DDDA and (3) content analysis and synthesis of qualitative data to inform the final version of the decision aid. Results Eleven ILWD and six of their spouses participated in interviews, and 102 stakeholders responded to an online survey. The four broad features identified as important to include in a decision aid for drivers living with dementia were: a structured and interactive format; positive and supportive messaging and presentation; relevant and concise content and choice‐centred. The perceived benefits of the decision aid were identified as supporting conversations, enhancing collaborative decision making and enabling agency with decisions about driving and future mobility options. Conclusions Decision aids that are underpinned by interactive choice‐driven questions enhance a person‐centred approach to decisions about driving. Positively framing decision aids through the presentation and content can facilitate engagement with the decision‐making process about driving. The findings have implications for the development of decision aids designed for ILWD on other important health and social topics. Patient and Public Involvement Advocating for the development of a UK DDDA were ILWD. Healthcare professionals contributed to the development of a draft UK DDDA. Former and current drivers living with dementia, family members, healthcare professionals and other support networks of ILWD participated in interviews or an online survey which informed the final version of the UK DDDA.

In the contemporary approach to ante- and postnatal care, where men are anticipated to participate more, men themselves also wish to be more included. Even though national health policy presents person-centred care as a central goal, it is not clear if and how it manifests itself for some, as men continue to feel excluded from the ante- and postnatal care process. The aim of this research was to identify the information sources that men in Estonia currently rely upon regarding the ante- and postnatal period in order to both understand the possible areas of development and the potential application of health communication tools to support men in ante- and postnatal care. The research, which was part of a masterâs thesis, was a qualitative study conducted with 13 men who were fathers or were about to become fathers. The results indicate that despite the new standards in health policy, there is a lack of targeted support systems to address menâs information needs during the ante- and postnatal period in Estonia â a problem further intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current results show that adequate information access requires advanced skills in source criticality, languages, health and digital literacy. The study found that the issue can be resolved through conscious use of health communication tools, which need to be in a person-centred format â easily found, user-friendly and logically structured. A systemic approach needs to be developed to further support men. Health communication strategies can mediate such an approach by being able to accommodate a wider range of skills and preferences.

Abstract Aim To explore nursing assistants' (NAs') experiences of developing communication skills while participating in an educational intervention on person‐centred communication. Design A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Methods Data were collected from interviews and written assignments before, during and after an educational intervention on person‐centred communication targeting NAs in home care services. The data were analysed using a phenomenological approach. A total of 25 NAs participated in the study. Results The findings describe NAs' experiences concerning the communication skills needed for building relationships with older persons and handling emotionally challenging situations. The educational intervention increased their knowledge and awareness of the importance of communication skills and how such skills are developed and refined.

Abstract Introduction This study developed a proposed set of person‐centred quality indicators (PC‐QIs) for services that assess older adults' care and support needs to determine their eligibility to receive government‐funded aged care services in Australia. Individual proposed PC‐QIs amenability for change within current organizational structures were explored. Barriers and opportunities to adapt service elements of the aged care assessment service to better align with the intent of the proposed PC‐QIs were identified. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted over five phases. A scoping review identified domains of quality for aged care services as perceived by older adults. Service elements of an aged care assessment service were mapped alongside quality domains informing key attributes of each quality domain. Self‐determination theory was used to formulate each proposed PC‐QI to align with key attributes and quality domains. Consultation with a consumer group enabled revision of the proposed PC‐QIs. A focus group with clinicians evaluated the amenability of each proposed PC‐QI for change and identified barriers and opportunities to better align service elements with older adults' perceptions of quality. Results were informed by qualitative and quantitative data from a structured focus group. Focus group discussions were audio recorded and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were analyzed using a deductive thematic approach by two independent researchers. Results Twenty‐four proposed PC‐QIs were developed. Refinement to descriptors of the proposed PC‐QIs were made by the consumer group (n = 18) and all were affirmed as being amenable to change by aged care assessors. Barriers in meeting the intent of the proposed PC‐QIs were identified across five domains including: health care staff knowledge (18.7%; n = 3); clear communication (31%; n = 5); person‐centred approach (18.7%; n = 3); respect for client (18.7%; n = 3); and collaborative partnership with client (12%; n = 2). Participants made 21 recommendations. Of the five service elements in delivering an aged care assessment service, barriers in meeting the intent of the proposed PC‐QIs were identified at the intake and booking of an assessment and during the assessment. Conclusions Recommendations identified provide assessment services guidance on ways to adapt service elements to better align with older adults' perceptions of quality. Patient and Public Contribution Patients and carers were involved as collaborators in this project at the protocol stage which included participating in discussions regarding the refining and modification of the protocol, refinement of the proposed PC‐QIs, data collection forms and supplementary information for participants.

Background: Researchers in the Netherlands proposed the Pillars for Positive Health (PPH) as a broadly encompassing health definition to support more realistic and meaningful care planning for people living with chronic disease and other life-long health conditions. The PPH was subsequently converted to the My Positive Health (MPH) spider web visualization tool. This study sought to identify opportunities for more person-centred care planning at the point of care in home care, using the MPH tool as a framework to link comprehensive assessment and dialogue-based goal-setting. Methods: A modified eDelphi method was used to conduct domain mapping with a purposively sampled expert panel (n = 25). The panel consisted of researchers, health care providers, older adults and caregivers. A two-stage eDelphi process was conducted, with each stage consisting of three survey rounds. In the first stage, participants were asked to map 201 elements of the interRAI Home Care (interRAI HC) comprehensive assessment tool to the six MPH domains or "No pillar of best fit". The second stage focused on identifying opportunities to adapt or expand comprehensive assessment as it relates to the MPH domains. Results: In Stage 1, 189 of 201 elements reached consensus in domain mapping. These included: 80 elements for Bodily Functions, 32 for Daily Functioning, 32 for Mental Wellbeing, 24 for Quality of Life, 10 for Participation, and 1 for Meaningfulness. Ten elements were identified to have no pillar of best fit. The 12 elements that did not reach consensus in Stage 1 formed the basis for Stage 2, where expert panel participants proposed four new assessment elements in Meaningfulness and Participation and 11 additional descriptors across the six MPH domains. Of these, two elements and nine of the 11 descriptors reached consensus. Conclusion: Findings show that elements of the interRAI HC are oriented toward the physical, functional, and mental health domains. Consequently, complementary assessment elements and/or tools may be needed to support comprehensive assessment of 'Meaningfulness' and 'Participation' in person-centred home and community care. Additional descriptors may also be needed to aid communication regarding the understanding and application of MPH domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is substantial variation in patient symptoms following psychological therapy for depression and anxiety. However, reliance on endpoint outcomes ignores additional interindividual variation during therapy. Knowing a patient's likely symptom trajectories could guide clinical decisions. We aimed to identify latent classes of patients with similar symptom trajectories over the course of psychological therapy and explore associations between baseline variables and trajectory class. Methods: Patients received high-intensity psychological treatment for common mental health problems at National Health Service Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services in South London (N = 16 258). To identify trajectories, we performed growth mixture modelling of depression and anxiety symptoms over 11 sessions. We then ran multinomial regressions to identify baseline variables associated with trajectory class membership. Results: Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were highly similar and best modelled by four classes. Three classes started with moderate-severe symptoms and showed (1) no change, (2) gradual improvement, and (3) fast improvement. A final class (4) showed initially mild symptoms and minimal improvement. Within the moderate-severe baseline symptom classes, patients in the two showing improvement as opposed to no change tended not to be prescribed psychotropic medication or report a disability and were in employment. Patients showing fast improvement additionally reported lower baseline functional impairment on average. Conclusions: Multiple trajectory classes of depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with baseline characteristics. Identifying the most likely trajectory for a patient at the start of treatment could inform decisions about the suitability and continuation of therapy, ultimately improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Despite numerous UK government policies aimed at reducing the number of autistic people and people with an intellectual disability in mental health hospitals, little progress has been made, with many experiencing lengthy stays that offer little therapeutic benefit. Once admitted, people are at risk of restrictive interventions and significantly delayed discharge, resulting in trauma. This article draws on the cases of four people to illustrate the limitations of current mental health system approaches to the challenges experienced by autistic people and people with an intellectual disability. The importance of relational working and listening to people is explored, and we demonstrate how this can facilitate the provision of bespoke housing and care packages to enable a successful return to life in the community. Finally, we offer recommendations on the changes urgently needed to ensure that autistic people and people with an intellectual disability can live ordinary lives in their own homes, with timely and effective support from mental health services when needed, just like everyone else. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Person-centred care is integral to high-quality health service provision, though concepts vary and the literature is complex. Validated instruments that measure person-centred practitioner skills, and behaviours within consultations, are needed for many reasons, including in training programmes. We aimed to provide a high-level synthesis of what was expected to be a large and diverse literature through a systematic review of existing reviews of validation studies a of instruments that measure person-centred practitioner skills and behaviours in consultations. The objectives were to undertake a critical appraisal of these reviews, and to summarise the available validated instruments and the evidence underpinning them. Methods A systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL was conducted in September 2020. Systematic reviews of validation studies of instruments measuring individual practitioner person-centred consultation skills or behaviours which report measurement properties were included. Review quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Details of the reviews, the included validation studies, and the instruments themselves are tabulated, including psychometric data, and a narrative overview of the reviews is provided. Results Four reviews were eligible for inclusion. These used different conceptualisations of person-centredness and targeted distinct, sometimes mutually exclusive, practitioners and settings. The four reviews included 68 unique validation studies examining 42 instruments, but with very few overlaps. The critical appraisal shows there is a need for improvements in the design of reviews in this area. The instruments included within these reviews have not been subject to extensive validation study. Discussion There are many instruments available which measure person-centred skills in healthcare practitioners and this study offers a guide to what is available to researchers and research users. The most relevant and promising instruments that have already been developed, or items within them, should be further studied rigorously. Validation study of existing material is needed, not the development of new measures.