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The better-than-average effect (BTAE) refers to the phenomenon where individuals perceive themselves as better than the average person. This effect has been independently examined in terms of social perception dimension and motivation. Additionally, no psychobehavioral traits have been found to be associated with the BTAE in the moral domain. However, the interactive effects of social perception dimension and motivation on the BTAE remain unclear, and its association with a broad range of psychobehavioral traits has not been extensively validated. In this study, we assess self-and average other-evaluations across four domains, based on two social perception dimensions and two motivations, to investigate their interactive effects on the BTAE (n = 678). We measured seven sets of psychobehavioral characteristics to examine their association with the BTAE, as well as self-and other-evaluations. Results indicated that the BTAE occurred only under negative moral conditions, while the worse-than-others effect was observed under two competence conditions. Furthermore, the BTAE was associated with only a few psychobehavioral characteristics in the moral domains, compared to many in the competence domains. Notably, both self-and other-evaluations were correlated with many trust-relevant characteristics in the moral domains. These findings suggest that sociocultural dynamics may influence the BTAE differently across various domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Despite the observed associations of personality traits with levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), studies exploring whether the personality profiles differ in terms of the pattern of accumulation of physical behavior are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify adults’ personality profiles and to characterize and investigate how these profiles differ in physical behavior. Methods The study utilized the longitudinal data of the participants of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (n = 141–307). Information on the five-factor model of personality, including the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness, was collected at ages 33, 42, 50, and 61 years, and used to create latent personality profiles. Physical behavior, operationalized as the amount and accumulation of MVPA and SB bouts, was captured using a triaxial accelerometer worn during waking hours at age 61 years. The differences in the behavior between the personality profiles were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Five personality profiles were identified: resilient (20.2%), brittle (14.0%), overcontrolled (9.8%), undercontrolled (15.3%), and ordinary (40.7%). Although there were no statistically significant differences between the personality profiles in the time spent in MVPA relative to SB (MVPA per hour of daily SB), individuals with resilient (low in neuroticism and high in other traits) and ordinary (average in each trait) profiles had MVPA-to-SB ratios of 0.12 (7 min) and those with a brittle (high in neuroticism and low in extraversion) profile had a ratio of 0.09 (5.5 min). The individuals in the resilient group exhibited a longer usual MVPA bout duration than those in the overcontrolled (low in extraversion, openness, and agreeableness) (8 min vs. 2 min) and undercontrolled (high in openness and low in conscientiousness) groups (8 min vs. 3 min). They also exhibited a longer usual SB bout duration than those in the ordinary group (29 min vs. 23 min). Conclusions The resilient group displayed the most prolonged MVPA and SB bout patterns. The results suggest that personality characteristics may contribute to how MVPA and SB are accumulated.

The increasing need for continuous innovation has given rise to a substantial increase in co-creation initiatives. Since the co-creation of value involves customers participating in the creation of product offerings voluntarily and actively, this investigation tries to understand what drives customers to participate in these co-creation initiatives. To do so, this study employs a probabilistic sample of 683 users enrolled in Linux forums for open-source software distributions. The path analysis and bootstrap samples revealed that customers who exhibit a high innate innovativeness and feel that they belong in the online community show a greater motivation towards platform exploration and participation in co-creation. Moreover, the effect of this synergic interaction on their co-creation participation was partially mediated by the normative dimension of their intrinsic motivation, while the hedonic dimension was not a strong predictor of co-creation contributions. This study fills the voids in the existing literature by showcasing the relevance of personal characteristics, beyond individual motivation, in co-creation behavior.

Background: Despite the observed associations of personality traits with levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), studies exploring whether the personality profiles differ in terms of the pattern of accumulation of physical behavior are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify adults' personality profiles and to characterize and investigate how these profiles differ in physical behavior. Methods: The study utilized the longitudinal data of the participants of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (n = 141–307). Information on the five-factor model of personality, including the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness, was collected at ages 33, 42, 50, and 61 years, and used to create latent personality profiles. Physical behavior, operationalized as the amount and accumulation of MVPA and SB bouts, was captured using a triaxial accelerometer worn during waking hours at age 61 years. The differences in the behavior between the personality profiles were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Five personality profiles were identified: resilient (20.2%), brittle (14.0%), overcontrolled (9.8%), undercontrolled (15.3%), and ordinary (40.7%). Although there were no statistically significant differences between the personality profiles in the time spent in MVPA relative to SB (MVPA per hour of daily SB), individuals with resilient (low in neuroticism and high in other traits) and ordinary (average in each trait) profiles had MVPA-to-SB ratios of 0.12 (7 min) and those with a brittle (high in neuroticism and low in extraversion) profile had a ratio of 0.09 (5.5 min). The individuals in the resilient group exhibited a longer usual MVPA bout duration than those in the overcontrolled (low in extraversion, openness, and agreeableness) (8 min vs. 2 min) and undercontrolled (high in openness and low in conscientiousness) groups (8 min vs. 3 min). They also exhibited a longer usual SB bout duration than those in the ordinary group (29 min vs. 23 min). Conclusions: The resilient group displayed the most prolonged MVPA and SB bout patterns. The results suggest that personality characteristics may contribute to how MVPA and SB are accumulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Games allow players significant freedom to express themselves and behave as they see fit. As a consequence, in some games more than others, we may encounter hostile behavior. We explored whether players behaving in this manner are simply expressing their personality traits in the game or, rather, adopting this playstyle regardless of them. We conducted a three-year study observing over 250 people playing the turn-based, player-versus-player strategy game Diplomacy. Subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire to determine their score on the social dominance orientation (SDO) scale--with a return rate of approx. 54%--while their in-game playstyle was analyzed for manifestations of hostile behavior. We found no statistically significant correlation between hostile in-game behavior and participants' SDO score. However, we did find significant positive correlations between some aspects of this behavior and their success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Online open innovation platforms provide opportunities for product users to participate in the innovation process and contribute their ideas to the platform. Nonetheless, they also present a significant challenge for platform managers, who select high-quality innovations from a massive collection of information with diverse quality. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the authors employed a machine learning method to automatically collect a real dataset of 2,276 innovations and 30,004 detailed comments from the online platform of IdeaExchange and then conducted empirical experiments to verify the study hypothesis. Findings: Results show that extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience positively and directly influenced the quality of their innovation. Furthermore, an individual's social network position mediated among extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness to experience and the quality of an innovation. Research limitations/implications: Results showed that extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience positively and directly influenced the quality of their innovation. Furthermore, an individual's social network position mediated among extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience and the quality of innovations. Originality/value: This study combined the Big Five personality traits theory and social network theory to examine the association between user intrinsic personality traits, social network position and the quality of their innovative ideas in the context of online innovation platforms. Additionally, the findings provide new insights for platform managers on how to select high-quality innovation information by considering user personality traits and their social network position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing need for continuous innovation has given rise to a substantial increase in co-creation initiatives. Since the co-creation of value involves customers participating in the creation of product offerings voluntarily and actively, this investigation tries to understand what drives customers to participate in these co-creation initiatives. To do so, this study employs a probabilistic sample of 683 users enrolled in Linux forums for open-source software distributions. The path analysis and bootstrap samples revealed that customers who exhibit a high innate innovativeness and feel that they belong in the online community show a greater motivation towards platform exploration and participation in co-creation. Moreover, the effect of this synergic interaction on their co-creation participation was partially mediated by the normative dimension of their intrinsic motivation, while the hedonic dimension was not a strong predictor of co-creation contributions. This study fills the voids in the existing literature by showcasing the relevance of personal characteristics, beyond individual motivation, in co-creation behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral identity is an important self-concept. Taking a social cognitive perspective, we propose an integrative framework to examine the relationships between moral identity and its antecedents, including demographic variables, personality traits, and organizational contexts (specifically leadership style and ethical climate). An analysis of the effect sizes in 110 studies involving 44,441 participants shows that gender, personality traits, and organizational context are strongly associated with moral identity. The moral identity measure used, cultural tendencies toward individualism or collectivism, and demographic characteristics moderate the relationships between moral identity and its antecedents. The significance and implications of the factors that influence moral identity are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. In recent years, workplace accidents have imposed a considerable cost on industries. Accident proneness is one of the most influential factors known to cause unsafe behaviors and occupational accidents. Therefore, the present study investigated the validity and reliability of the accident proneness questionnaire in industries. Methods. The questionnaire was developed to measure accident proneness in industries – the developed instrument was distributed in East Azarbaijan industries (1100 questionaries). Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach's α and the test–retest method were used to examine the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument. Results. In the face validity section, the impact score of all items was determined to be >1.5. In the content validity section, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were higher than the standard value of 0.42. The Cronbach's α coefficient for all dimensions was 0.914. Conclusion. The findings of the study show that the accident proneness questionnaire in industries has acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used as a comprehensive, practical, robust and reliable instrument to investigate the accident proneness of different industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paranjothy and Wade's (2024) meta‐review reveals that individuals higher in the personality trait of self‐criticism consistently experience more disordered eating than those lower in the trait. The clinical implications of this meta‐review are important in that they suggest current theoretical models and clinical practices in the field of eating disorders should incorporate a greater focus on self‐criticism. Building on this exciting contribution, we highlight conceptual, practical, and empirical reasons why the field would benefit from supplementing this research on trait self‐criticism with investigations of state self‐criticism. We review research showing that self‐criticism levels vary not only between individuals, with some people chronically more self‐critical than others, but also within a person, with a given individual enacting relatively more self‐criticism during some moments and days than others. We then present emerging research showing that these periods of higher‐than‐usual self‐criticism are associated with more disordered eating. Thus, we emphasize the need to explore the factors that give rise to self‐critical states in daily life, and review preliminary findings on this topic. We highlight the ways in which research on within‐person variations in self‐criticism can complement research on trait self‐criticism to advance case formulation, prevention, and treatment in the field of eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety may precede motor symptoms in cervical dystonia (CD) and is associated with an earlier onset of dystonia. Our understanding of anxiety in CD is inadequate. Objective: To investigate brain networks associated with anxiety in CD. Methods: Twenty‐six subjects with idiopathic CD underwent MRI Brain without contrast. Correlational tractography was derived using Diffusion MRI connectometry. Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) was used in deterministic diffusion fiber tracking. Correlational tractography was then used to correlate QA with State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state (STAI‐S) and trait (STAI‐T) subscales. Results: Connectometry analysis showed direct correlation between state anxiety and QA in tracts from amygdala to thalamus/ pulvinar bilaterally, and trait anxiety and QA in tracts from amygdala to motor cortex, sensorimotor cortex and parietal association area bilaterally (FDR ≤0.05). Conclusion: Our efforts to map anxiety to brain networks in CD highlight the role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of anxiety in CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While schadenfreude is commonly experienced in interpersonal relationships, it is generally considered immoral. Although previous research has explored the factors relating to schadenfreude, including certain personality traits, moral disengagement, and humor styles, our understanding of these factors remains limited. The present study examined the mediating effects of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style in the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude. Methods: In this study, a sample of 693 Iranian students (69.4% female), was recruited using a convenient sampling method, consisting of 330 undergraduate, 230 graduate, and 133 Ph.D. students. The trait schadenfreude scale, the short Dark Triad, the moral disengagement scale, and the aggressive humor style scale were measured through an online survey. Results: The study found that Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were positively related to schadenfreude, aggressive humor style, and moral disengagement. Additionally, aggressive humor style and moral disengagement mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy with schadenfreude. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the complex relationships between Dark Triad traits, moral disengagement, aggressive humor style, and schadenfreude. The findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of Dark Triad traits may be more likely to experience pleasure from others' misfortunes. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude. Further research should be done to explore the motivational factors influencing schadenfreude in specific settings, thereby elucidating these connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine and measure how identity centrality, role models, and personal traits influence entrepreneurship intention. The study adds to entrepreneurship literature by revealing entrepreneurial purpose antecedents. At the same time, this study expands on role model regulation. When they live, meet, or work with their business role models, their entrepreneurial zeal and purpose will increase because, in most countries worldwide, successful entrepreneurs are increasingly respected by society. Becoming an entrepreneur is the dream job of adults worldwide. For this purpose, the paper applied Social cognitive theory (SCT) and Identification Theory to develop the hypotheses. As a result, identity centrality and personal traits have indirectly affected the intention to start a business through entrepreneurship passion. In addition, the role model has moderated the indirect relationship of identity centrality to entrepreneurship intention through entrepreneurship passion. It takes advantage of individuals who have business identities working with role models, they will be more likely to develop their skills and knowledge, from which they will further enhance their passion for business, and the result is to promote their entrepreneurship intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/introduction: In patients with diabetes, obesity is an aggravating factor for glycemic control and its vascular complications. However, the psychological and behavioral characteristics of those patients with obesity have not been fully clarified. This study investigated eating and coping behavior, personality traits, quality of life (QOL), and depression status in patients with diabetes with or without obesity. Materials and methods: Questionnaires obtained from 567 patients with diabetes at Dokkyo Medical University were analyzed. Eating behavior, coping behavior, personality traits, QOL, and depression status were evaluated by the Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Brief COPE, Japanese Ten-Item Personality Inventory, EuroQol 5 Dimensions-5 Level, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Participants were divided according to body mass index (BMI) into a non-obese group (BMI < 25), obese group (BMI 25–35), and high-degree obese group (BMI ≥ 35), and results were compared between groups. Results: On all items of the Eating Behavior Questionnaire, scores were higher in the obese and high-degree obese groups than non-obese group, indicating worse eating behavior. In coping behavior, significant intergroup differences were found in self-distraction, substance use, using emotional support, using instrumental support, and venting. As for personality traits, the obese group had significantly lower conscientiousness and higher emotional instability than the non-obese group. There was no significant difference in QOL or depression status. Conclusions: These results suggest that there are some characteristics in eating and coping behaviors and some personality traits between obese and non-obese patients with diabetes. Treatment based on such characteristics may be useful for patients with diabetes and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Personality and emotions have always been closely intertwined since humans evolved, adapting to these two forms. Emotions are indicative of a person’s personality, and vice versa. This paper aims to investigate the complex relationship between these two fundamental aspects of human behavior using the concepts of machine learning and statistical analysis. The objective is to automate the process of determining the relationship between personality traits of the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) and Ekman’s emotions based on the context of user-written social media posts using contextual embedding. A robust mechanism is employed, involving two main phases to figure out emotions from the social media posts. The first phase involves determining the cosine similarity scores between each MBTI personality trait and predefined emotions. The second phase introduces a cross-dataset learning approach where several machine learning models are trained on a dataset labeled with emotions to learn patterns of emotions found in the text. After training, these models utilize the patterns they learned to predict emotions in a targeted dataset. With an overall accuracy of 85.23%, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is chosen as the most effective and high-performing model for emotion prediction tasks. We employed a vetting mechanism combining two approaches to improve accuracy, reliability, and trustworthiness for the final emotion prediction. Finally, using statistical quantification, this paper finds patterns that link each MBTI personality trait with Ekman emotions. It reveals that extroverts (E), sensing (S), and feeling (F) personality types are more likely to share joyful and surprising emotional posts, while individuals with extroversion (E), intuition (N), thinking (T), and perception (P) traits tend to express negative emotions such as anger and disgust. Conversely, introverts (I), intuitive (N), thinking (T), and judging (J) personalities are more inclined to share posts reflecting fear and sadness. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights on how individuals with different personality types typically express emotions on social media.

The better-than-average effect (BTAE) refers to the phenomenon where individuals perceive themselves as better than the average person. This effect has been independently examined in terms of social perception dimension and motivation. Additionally, no psychobehavioral traits have been found to be associated with the BTAE in the moral domain. However, the interactive effects of social perception dimension and motivation on the BTAE remain unclear, and its association with a broad range of psychobehavioral traits has not been extensively validated. In this study, we assess self-and average other-evaluations across four domains, based on two social perception dimensions and two motivations, to investigate their interactive effects on the BTAE (n = 678). We measured seven sets of psychobehavioral characteristics to examine their association with the BTAE, as well as self-and other-evaluations. Results indicated that the BTAE occurred only under negative moral conditions, while the worse-than-others effect was observed under two competence conditions. Furthermore, the BTAE was associated with only a few psychobehavioral characteristics in the moral domains, compared to many in the competence domains. Notably, both self-and other-evaluations were correlated with many trust-relevant characteristics in the moral domains. These findings suggest that sociocultural dynamics may influence the BTAE differently across various domains.

Abstract Background Aggressive behaviour in romantic relationship is a social problem of great concern. Studies related to the influence of psychosocial factors on relational aggression are still limited. Furthermore, these factors have not been widely studied in the local context, resulting in the issue of relational aggression among young female adults still not being addressed. This study aims to explore whether psychosocial factors such as big five personality traits, adult attachment style and loneliness could predict relational aggression in romantic relationships among young female adults in Malaysia. In addition, this study aims to identify the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between psychosocial factors and relational aggression in romantic relationship. Methods A quantitative research approach was used with 424 young female adults in Malaysia aged between 18 and 30 years old (mean age = 24.18) were recruited through multistage sampling design by completing a questionnaire consisting of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale II (ECRS-II), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Measure of Relational Aggression and Victimization (MRAV) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results Multiple regression analysis predicted significant relationship between agreeableness personality, loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hierarchical regression analysis found a significant effect of social support as a moderator between loneliness with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Conclusions Thus, the results show that young female adults with low level of agreeableness, high level of loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style are at a higher risk of engaging in relational aggression in romantic relationships. The implication of this study can help in understanding the psychosocial factors that form the basis of relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hence, the gap in knowledge warrants further research.

Background & aim: Thalassemia is the most common hereditary blood disease, and patients with thalassemia major need continuous blood transfusions to survive. Continuous blood transfusion in these patients is associated with iron. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and iron overload in these patients. Methods: The present descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 thalassemia patients who were dependent on blood transfusion in the thalassemia department of Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari in 2021. The clinical and laboratory information of the patients were collected using the medical record. At that point, the patients answered the 5-factor neo personality questionnaire, which is a 60-question questionnaire. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used in case of normal distribution of the main outcome, and median and IQR indices were used otherwise. Results: The results indicated that the personality characteristic of conscientiousness was more in people with regular visits than in people with irregular visits (P=0.021). In the study of the relationship between liver iron overload and the regularity of visits, it was perceived that iron overload had a significant relationship with the regularity of visits (P=0.018), so that moderate and severe iron overload was more in people who had irregular visits. But cardiac iron overload had no significant relationship with regular visits (P=0.910). The use of chelators had a significant relationship with the characteristic of neurosis (P=0.021), so that the score of neurosis in patients who took chelators was higher than those who did not use chelators. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that there was no significant relationship between any of the personality traits with iron overload in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, except for conscientiousness, which was more in people with regular visits than in people with irregular visits.

Background: Aggressive behaviour in romantic relationship is a social problem of great concern. Studies related to the influence of psychosocial factors on relational aggression are still limited. Furthermore, these factors have not been widely studied in the local context, resulting in the issue of relational aggression among young female adults still not being addressed. This study aims to explore whether psychosocial factors such as big five personality traits, adult attachment style and loneliness could predict relational aggression in romantic relationships among young female adults in Malaysia. In addition, this study aims to identify the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between psychosocial factors and relational aggression in romantic relationship. Methods: A quantitative research approach was used with 424 young female adults in Malaysia aged between 18 and 30 years old (mean age = 24.18) were recruited through multistage sampling design by completing a questionnaire consisting of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale II (ECRS-II), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Measure of Relational Aggression and Victimization (MRAV) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Multiple regression analysis predicted significant relationship between agreeableness personality, loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hierarchical regression analysis found a significant effect of social support as a moderator between loneliness with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Conclusions: Thus, the results show that young female adults with low level of agreeableness, high level of loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style are at a higher risk of engaging in relational aggression in romantic relationships. The implication of this study can help in understanding the psychosocial factors that form the basis of relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hence, the gap in knowledge warrants further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study is to translate the Grit questionnaire into Hungarian and validate specifically within the context of sports. The second goal is to assess the questionnaire in Hungarian as a pilot study in the athlete population and to compare the grit trait with the coaches' athlete evaluation. Methods: Two hundred and sixty nine athletes, including 40 national team players, took part in the study, with an average age of 18.17 years (SD = 5.51). For the preliminary assessment, the Cloninger Temperament and Character Questionnaire (TCI-RH) was used; the coaches' athlete evaluation was modeled on a talent map. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the two-factor structure, and the internal reliability of the questionnaire scales also proved to be adequate. 2. There is no relationship between adolescents' perceived grit and coach ratings. 3. The national team players achieved a higher grit score. Conclusion: Based on the psychometric indicators, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire proved to be adequate. Therefore, it is applicable and useful for psychological practitioners and researchers in the Hungarian population within the context of sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRule-verification is essential for the construction of high-quality knowledge bases. Compared with the traditional approach of inviting experts with domain knowledge to accomplish the rule-verification task, crowdsourcing is a more efficient way, which could save time and effort. However, the current presentation mode of rules relies primarily on predicate logic. On one hand, predicate logic is rather abstract and complex, making it difficult for ordinary users without domain knowledge to comprehend. On the other hand, the singular presentation mode lacks personalization, failing to provide targeted assistance to different users. In this work, to facilitate users’ understanding of rules, we are motivated to design three explainable interfaces by incorporating the information presentation modes including instance (INS), natural language (NL), and knowledge graph (KG). Through our first-round quasi-experimental study, we find that NL and KG interfaces are preferred by users in general for the rule-verification crowdsourcing tasks. More notably, we identify the important role of users’ personality, cognitive style, and tasks’ difficulty level in influencing users’ perception of the interface design. For instance, among those who score low on OpennesstoExperience, verbalizers perceive NL interface more useful than visualizers. In addition, users are more likely to use KG interface when dealing with some complicated tasks. Inspired by our findings, we further develop a personalized interface recommendation model with the consideration of individual-level factors and tasks’ features. According to the results of both modeling comparison and the second-round user evaluation, we observe that recommending personalized interface based on our designed model could not only enhance users’ subjective perception like perceived usefulness and satisfaction but also improve their task performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundWhile schadenfreude is commonly experienced in interpersonal relationships, it is generally considered immoral. Although previous research has explored the factors relating to schadenfreude, including certain personality traits, moral disengagement, and humor styles, our understanding of these factors remains limited. The present study examined the mediating effects of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style in the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude.MethodsIn this study, a sample of 693 Iranian students (69.4% female), was recruited using a convenient sampling method, consisting of 330 undergraduate, 230 graduate, and 133 Ph.D. students. The trait schadenfreude scale, the short Dark Triad, the moral disengagement scale, and the aggressive humor style scale were measured through an online survey.ResultsThe study found that Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were positively related to schadenfreude, aggressive humor style, and moral disengagement. Additionally, aggressive humor style and moral disengagement mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy with schadenfreude.ConclusionThis study provides insights into the complex relationships between Dark Triad traits, moral disengagement, aggressive humor style, and schadenfreude. The findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of Dark Triad traits may be more likely to experience pleasure from others’ misfortunes. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude. Further research should be done to explore the motivational factors influencing schadenfreude in specific settings, thereby elucidating these connections.

Background With the population ages, the mental health of the elderly has become a hot topic of concern for the whole society. Previous studies have shown that mental health problems in the elderly are closely related to well-being, while personality traits have a greater impact on subjective well-being. However, the internal relationship between the two in the elderly population is still unclear. Objective To explore the relationship between subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly. Methods From July to August 2022, 511 elderly people in Lincun, Tangxia Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province were selected as the subjects by using cluster sampling method, conduct a site survey by using the questionnaire survey. The subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly were evaluated by the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) and the China Big Five Personality Scale (CBF-PI-15) respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly, canonical correlation analysis was used to construct a standardized canonical correlation model, canonical structure analysis, and canonical redundancy analysis. Results The total score of MUNSH in the elderly was (39.72±7.74) , and the scores of MUNSH in each dimension were positive experience (9.48±3.24) , positive emotion (8.61±2.24) , negative experience (1.44±2.31) , and negative emotion (0.93±1.80) from high to low. The scores of CBF-PI-15 in each dimension of the elderly were agreeableness (14.04±2.60) , extroversion (11.77±4.05) , conscientiousness (10.75±3.57) , openness (7.20±3.90) and neuroticism (6.34±3.22) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that subjective well-being was positively correlated with conscientiousness (r=0.334) and openness (r=0.219) (P

Abstract This study aims to demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) can empower research on the evolution of human behavior, based on evolutionary game theory, by using an evolutionary model positing that instructing LLMs with high-level psychological and cognitive character descriptions enables the simulation of human behavior choices in game-theoretical scenarios. As a first step towards this objective, this paper proposes an evolutionary model of personality traits related to cooperative behavior using a large language model. In the model, linguistic descriptions of personality traits related to cooperative behavior are used as genes. The deterministic strategies extracted from LLM that make behavioral decisions based on these personality traits are used as behavioral traits. The population is evolved according to selection based on average payoff and mutation of genes by asking LLM to slightly modify the parent gene toward cooperative or selfish. Through experiments and analyses, we clarify that such a model can indeed exhibit evolution of cooperative behavior based on the diverse and higher-order representation of personality traits. We also observed repeated intrusion of cooperative and selfish personality traits through changes in the expression of personality traits. The words that emerged in the evolved genes reflected the behavioral tendencies of their associated personalities in terms of semantics, thereby influencing individual behavior and, consequently, the evolutionary dynamics.

Abstract This study investigates the interrelations between AI-Driven Sustainable Human Resource Management (HRM), Employee Engagement, Employee Performance, and Conscientiousness Personality, through a survey of 470 employees in Chinese enterprises. Integrating Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) and Person-Organization (P-O) Fit theories, the research introduces a comprehensive model. Our findings suggest that Artificial Intelligence-Driven Sustainable HRM positively influences Employee Engagement, leading to enhanced performance. Moreover, Conscientiousness Personality serves as a critical moderating factor between AI-Driven Sustainable HRM and Employee Engagement. This study provides a theoretical perspective on the integration of AI-Driven Sustainable HRM and Employee Engagement in Chinese enterprises, uncovering a mediating and moderating mechanism. Through this mechanism, AI-Driven Sustainable HR practices contribute to employee engagement and performance, particularly for those with a high level of conscientiousness.

BackgroundChronic insomnia is characterized by a prolonged and recurrent course. The efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） as a physical therapy method to improve sleep quality remains inadequately supported by evidence， particularly regarding its relationship with personality traits.ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and influencing factors of rTMS in the treatment of chronic insomnia， and to provide insights into its therapeutic potential.MethodA total of 46 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and were treated at the Third Hospital of Mianyang from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected. Prior to treatment， participants underwent assessments using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）， Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） was used to assess sleep quality before treatment， at the end of the second week of treatment and one week post-treatment.ResultsAt the end of the second week of treatment， patients exhibited significantly improved total PSQI score and subscale scores related to subjective sleep quality， sleep latency， sleep duration， sleep efficiency， sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction （t=4.755~13.361， P

Extended use of social media, leads to personality detection from online content shared by users. While it has numerous applications in different areas such as recommendation systems, most of existing studies focus on superficial, statistical, and explicit user contents, ignoring the knowledge hidden in semantic features. In this study, we proposed a method to explore psycholinguistic knowledge hidden in deep levels of user data for the task of personality prediction. We proposed a method utilizing a fine-tuned domain-specific BERT model to extract features from a sentence and enrich the outputs by leveraging emotional information to highlight the important words. Furthermore, by conducting a double-way-attention mechanism we reflected the information from highlighted words into the whole knowledge extracted from inputs. Then, created a graph by considering extracted embeddings from the last step as node features and developing a dynamic and task-related learning approach to specify edges to connect different pairs of nodes based on a neural network, and leveraged graph attention network to predict personality traits. Finally, experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of our proposed model with 80.63% accuracy, compared to other state-of-the-art studies for the essays dataset. Also, several ablations are conducted to illustrate and verify the impact of different sections and parameters of the proposed architecture.

The Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) is a popular instrument used to assess trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals in students and/or professional populations. This study examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Grit-S in a survey sample of Chinese physical education teachers (N = 256, 26.6% females, Mage = 33.96 years, SDage = 6.04 years). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Grit-S scores supported the proposed two-factor model, comprising consistency of interest and perseverance of effort as subscales. Moreover, as expected, the Grit-S subscale scores showed acceptable internal consistency as well as satisfactory convergent and criterion validity, correlating with scores of external criteria variables (e.g., Big Five personality traits, self-control, and work burnout). These findings suggest that the Grit-S is an effective instrument for assessing grit in Chinese physical education teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies suggest that leisure activities enhance well-being. In line with this perspective, a recent study indicates that augmenting indoor leisure activities to compensate for diminished outdoor pursuits could sustain or enhance wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was designed to identify personality traits that predict such behavioral shifts in indoor versus outdoor leisure activities during the pandemic. The present study included 657 participants (Mage = 41.08) and measured 12 personality traits that a previous study reported were associated with health-protective behaviors during COVID-19. Our findings indicate that the rise in indoor leisure activities correlated with prosocial tendencies toward family and friends/acquaintances (but not strangers), self-centered interest, resilience, and Big Five personality traits. Conversely, the decline in outdoor activities was linked solely to prosociality toward family and friends/acquaintances. Further interaction analysis uncovered that prosocial tendencies toward close relations predicted increased indoor activities as an alternative to outdoor engagements. We concluded that prosociality promoted behavioral changes that significantly prevented infections in intimate others, and it could maintain personal well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic by facilitating behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is reported that teachers' satisfaction levels are lower and stress levels are higher than other professional groups in many countries. This is especially true for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers. Considering job satisfaction has a direct impact on turnover intention, low satisfaction levels have led to high turnover rates and thus exacerbated the shortages of STEM teachers. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore the antecedents of novice STEM teachers' job satisfaction. This study proposes a new model to show how novice STEM teachers' personality traits and perceived social support influence their job satisfaction. A total of 2592 novice STEM teachers in eighteen randomly selected high schools in China were recruited. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. The results illustrated that most novice STEM teachers had low levels of job satisfaction. Novice STEM teachers' personality traits could directly and indirectly impact their job satisfaction. Meanwhile, novice STEM teachers' job satisfaction was also directly influenced by work engagement and indirectly influenced by their perceived social support. Our findings theoretically contribute to the understanding of the determinants of STEM teachers' job satisfaction and have important practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking is recognized as one of the most important preventable causes of premature death in the world and personality traits as one of the influential factors in people's tendency to smoke. Therefore, we conducted the present research to compare the sensation seeking and core self-evaluations in the smoking and nonsmoking population. 867 people from the general population of Hormozgan Province participated in this cross-sectional study. We collected the data online using questionnaires of demographic information, smoking, Zuckerman sensation seeking and core self-evaluations. 38.2% of the participants in the study were smokers and 61.8% were nonsmokers. The mean scores of awareness of the harms of smoking in non-smokers and smokers were 7.43 (SD = 2.43) and 6.51 (1.72), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean scores of sensation seeking in the non-smokers and smokers were 15.10 (SD = 5.64) and 23.09 (SD = 4.18), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean scores of core self-evaluations in the non-smokers and smokers were 43.46 (SD = 6.79) and 37.9 (SD = 4.82), respectively (p < 0.001). According to the findings, smokers have lower core self-evaluations and high sensation seeking compared to non-smokers. Therefore, paying attention to these personality factors is necessary in the design and implementation of preventive therapeutic and psychological interventions in smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to investigate the impact mechanism of personality traits on physical education satisfaction among college students, validating the mediating effect of trait flow and the moderating effect of physical education difficulty. By analyzing the influence mechanism of personality traits on college students' satisfaction with physical education classes, it helps to explore more channels to enhance satisfaction with physical education classes. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Big Five Personality Scale, the Physical Education Class Satisfaction Scale, the Trait Fluency Scale, and the Physical Education Class Difficulty Scale with 868 public physical education students in 10 universities in Shanghai. Moderated mediation modeling was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro. Results: Personality traits are positively correlated with physical education satisfaction, and the predictive effect is significant (β = 0.786, p < 0.001). This association is mediated by trait fluency (indirect effect: β = 0.797, p < 0.001), accounting for 62.7% of the total effect. Physical education difficulty significantly moderates the predictive effects of personality traits on physical education satisfaction (β = -0.183, p < 0.01) and trait fluency (β = -0.130, p < 0.001). Additionally, physical education difficulty significantly moderates the predictive effect of trait fluency on physical education satisfaction (β = 0.172, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Personality traits predict physical education satisfaction, with trait fluency playing a mediating role, and physical education difficulty moderates the direct and indirect paths through which personality traits influence physical education satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic insomnia is characterized by a prolonged and recurrent course. The efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a physical therapy method to improve sleep quality remains inadequately supported by evidence, particularly regarding its relationship with personality traits. Objective To explore the efficacy and influencing factors of rTMS in the treatment of chronic insomnia, and to provide insights into its therapeutic potential. Method A total of 46 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and were treated at the Third Hospital of Mianyang from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected. Prior to treatment, participants underwent assessments using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item (HAMD-17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality before treatment, at the end of the second week of treatment and one week post-treatment. Results At the end of the second week of treatment, patients exhibited significantly improved total PSQI score and subscale scores related to subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction (t=4. 755~13. 361,P<0. 01), with 24 cases (54. 35%) showing effective treatment outcomes. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that introverted and extroverted personality traits contributed significantly to the regression equation (B=0. 317,P<0. 01), explaining 29. 90% of the total variation (R² =0. 299). Conclusion rTMS treatment may effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia, with its therapeutic effect appearing to associated with introverted and extroverted personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While driving, stress is caused by situations in which the driver estimates their ability to manage the driving demands as insufficient or loses the capability to handle the situation. This leads to increased numbers of driver mistakes and traffic violations. Additional stressing factors are time pressure, road conditions, or dislike for driving. Therefore, stress affects driver and road safety. Stress is classified into two categories depending on its duration and the effects on the body and psyche: short-term eustress and constantly present distress, which causes degenerative effects. In this work, we focus on distress. Wearable sensors are handy tools for collecting biosignals like heart rate, activity, etc. Easy installation and non-intrusive nature make them convenient for calculating stress. This study focuses on the investigation of stress and its implications. Specifically, the research conducts an analysis of stress within a select group of individuals from both Spain and Germany. The primary objective is to examine the influence of recognized psychological factors, including personality traits such as neuroticism, extroversion, psychoticism, stress and road safety. The estimation of stress levels was accomplished through the collection of physiological parameters (R-R intervals) using a Polar H10 chest strap. We observed that personality traits, such as extroversion, exhibited similar trends during relaxation, with an average heart rate 6% higher in Spain and 3% higher in Germany. However, while driving, introverts, on average, experienced more stress, with rates 4% and 1% lower than extroverts in Spain and Germany, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of aesthetic preference is fundamental in the specialized academic domain of architectural evaluation across all departments of architecture. Therefore, an objective measurement based on prior research in the field of aesthetic standards, choice, and sensory and perceptual preference has become necessary. The present study aims to investigate the impact of human personality traits on their aesthetic preferences in residential facades, as expressed through mathematical proportions. The primary hypothesis suggests a correlation between personality traits and aesthetic preferences, while the secondary hypotheses propose that specialization and environment, as well as gender, influence aesthetic choices. Furthermore, personality traits are believed to affect aesthetic preferences. The study aims to clarify the subjectivity of human aesthetic choice and the process of aesthetic transformations by identifying the gap in knowledge between personality traits and their impact on aesthetic choices in residential facades. The theoretical framework highlights the variables of personality traits, gender, age, specialization, and educational attainment. The questionnaire was designed using the Graves scale and administered to 354 participants in a university environment. The study findings indicate that both personality traits and knowledge environment are the most influential factors in determining people's preference for one image over another. Additionally, gender, age, and educational attainment are significant variables in relation to personality traits. Finally, the study reveals a relationship between specific personality traits and aesthetic preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital banking channels have gained immense popularity and have successfully acquired and retained clients. Despite their growing popularity, some consumers still hesitate to adopt these channels. In this study, we explore the role of personality in influencing consumer behaviour towards adopting digital banking channels. The study utilised the Technology Readiness Index to gauge customers' preference for digital banking channels. To answer the research question, the researcher employed a quantitative methodology. The snowball sampling method was used, with respondents passing the questionnaire to others who met specific criteria. 338 valid responses were collected. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling. The study suggests that mobile banking channels can be a powerful indicator of users' preferences for various banking channels, such as internet banking, ATM, and cell phone banking. Personality traits optimism, innovativeness and insecurity were the criteria responsible for making mobile banking the most preferred digital banking channel. Financial institutions must critically examine their mobile banking platforms and provide various services to support an end-to-end customer experience. Banks must continue to promote the benefits of mobile banking, including convenient access, time-saving, and the ability to conduct basic banking tasks. Further research could examine the impact of mobile banking channels on cybersecurity and data privacy.

Games allow players significant freedom to express themselves and behave as they see fit. As a consequence, in some games more than others, we may encounter hostile behavior. We explored whether players behaving in this manner are simply expressing their personality traits in the game or, rather, adopting this playstyle regardless of them. We conducted a three-year study observing over 250 people playing the turn-based, player-versus-player strategy game Diplomacy. Subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire to determine their score on the social dominance orientation (SDO) scale—with a return rate of approx. 54%—while their in-game playstyle was analyzed for manifestations of hostile behavior. We found no statistically significant correlation between hostile in-game behavior and participants’ SDO score. However, we did find significant positive correlations between some aspects of this behavior and their success.

BackgroundThe aim of the present study is to translate the Grit questionnaire into Hungarian and validate specifically within the context of sports. The second goal is to assess the questionnaire in Hungarian as a pilot study in the athlete population and to compare the grit trait with the coaches’ athlete evaluation.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty nine athletes, including 40 national team players, took part in the study, with an average age of 18.17 years (SD = 5.51). For the preliminary assessment, the Cloninger Temperament and Character Questionnaire (TCI-RH) was used; the coaches’ athlete evaluation was modeled on a talent map.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the two-factor structure, and the internal reliability of the questionnaire scales also proved to be adequate. 2. There is no relationship between adolescents’ perceived grit and coach ratings. 3. The national team players achieved a higher grit score.ConclusionBased on the psychometric indicators, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire proved to be adequate. Therefore, it is applicable and useful for psychological practitioners and researchers in the Hungarian population within the context of sports.

Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder experience psychological pressure, which can affect their psychological well-being. This study aims to identify the personality traits which influence such well-being. A quantitative method was employed, involving 213 Indonesian participants who were caregivers of children with autism attending special schools or enrolled at specialized therapy centers, selected through purposive sampling. The personality traits were measured using the IPIP-BFM-25 scale, while psychological well-being was assessed using the Psychological Well-Being Scale. The data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method with SMART PLS 3.0 software, employing the disjoint two-stage estimation approach. The results show that the traits of extroversion (β = 0.222, t = 2.249, p = .021); conscientiousness (β = 0.258, t = 2.782, p = .003); and emotional stability (β = 0.302, t = 4.371, p = .000) positively affected the caregivers’ psychological well-being. However, those of agree­ableness and intellect did not have a significant impact. It is hoped that the study findings will contribute to the efforts to enhance the mental health of caregivers of children with autism.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to determine how dairy cow personality traits affect their adaptation to an automated milking system (AMS) upon parturition, as well as whether these personality traits are consistent across the transition from gestation to lactation. Sixty Holstein dairy cows (19 primiparous and 41 multiparous) were assessed for personality traits using a combined arena test conducted at 24 d before parturition and 24 d after first introduction to an AMS, which occurred ∼3 d after parturition. The combined arena test comprised 3 parts: a novel arena test, a novel object test, and a novel human test. Principal component analysis of the behaviors recorded during the personality assessment revealed 3 factors interpreted as personality traits (75% cumulative variance) in the pre-calving test, interpreted as explore, active, and bold. The post-calving test revealed 2 factors (78% cumulative variance), interpreted as active and explore. Data from d 1 to 7 after introduction to the AMS were summarized by cow and associated with the pre-calving factors, and data from d 21 to 27 after introduction to the AMS were summarized by cow and associated with the post-calving factors. The active trait had a moderate positive correlation between the pre- and post-calving tests, whereas exploration had a weak positive correlation between tests. Cows that scored high for activeness in the pre-calving test tended to have fewer fetching events and a higher coefficient of variation of milk yield in the first 7 d after introduction to the AMS, whereas bolder cows tended to have higher milk yield during that period. In the post-calving test, more active cows tended to have more frequent milkings and voluntary visits per day, as well as a lower cumulative milk yield from d 21 to 27 after introduction to the AMS. Overall, these results indicate that personality traits of dairy cows are associated with adaptation and performance in an AMS, and that personality traits are consistent across the transition period. Specifically, cows that scored high for boldness and activeness adapted better to the AMS immediately after calving, whereas cows that scored low for activeness and high for boldness performed better in terms of milk yield and milking activity in early lactation. This study demonstrates that personality traits affect milking activity and milk yield of dairy cows milked with an AMS and, therefore, may be useful for selection of cows who might best adapt to and use an AMS.