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COVID 10 coping efforts are shining a harsh light on the historical demands of nursing These include the improvement of poor working conditions, the qualiquantitative lack of personal protection equipment (and nurse understaffing These and other matters are advocated for by nursing organizations, which have been waiting for over two decades for the approval of bills in the National Congress What to make of authorities claiming that our demands cannot be met because we are too many when compared to other professions? Feelings such as disappointment, lack of recognition, senselessness, incoherence, discrimination, and ignorance about the nature of the profession all contribute to our disbelief It is time society supported this category in such challenges, recognizing the profession’s specific characteristics and the leading role played by nurses, providing the category with the conditions it needs to consolidate its social practice with quality and safety. La lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19 está exponiendo increíblemente las demandas históricas de la enfermería respecto de las malas condiciones laborales, la falta cualicuantitativa de equipos de protección personal y el subdimensionamiento del equipo de enfermería, entre otras luchas de las organizaciones profesionales que esperan, hace más de dos décadas, las correspondientes aprobaciones de proyectos de ley por parte del congreso nacional. ¿Qué podemos pensar cuando una determinada autoridad afirma que nuestras reivindicaciones no pueden ser atendidas porque somos muchos, en comparación con la cantidad de trabajadores de otras profesiones? Sentimientos como decepción, desvalorización, insensatez, incoherencia, discriminación y desconocimiento de la naturaleza de nuestra profesión determinan nuestra incredulidad. Es hora de que la sociedad apoye a la profesión frente a estos desafíos, reconociendo las especificidades laborales y el protagonismo ejercido por la enfermería, brindándole condiciones de consolidar la práctica social con calidad y seguridad. O enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID 19 está expondo de forma excepcional as demandas históricas da Enfermagem em relação às más condições de trabalho, a falta qualiquantitativa dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual e o subdimensionamento da equipe de enfermagem Entre outras lutas defendidas pelas organizações da profissão, que aguardam há mais de duas décadas, a devida aprovação de Projetos de Lei pelo congresso nacional O que pensar quando determinada autoridade afirma que nossas reivindicações não podem ser atendidas porque somos muitos, se comparados ao quantitativo de outras profissões? Sentimentos como decepção, desvalorização, insensatez, incoerência, discriminação e o desconhecimento da natureza da nossa profissão, colaboram para a incredulidade É hora de a sociedade apoiar a categoria perante esses desafios, reconhecendo a especificidade da profissão e o protagonismo que a Enfermagem exerce, oferecendo a ela condições de consolidar a prática social com qualidade e segurança

An upgrade of the RFX-mod experiment is in progress, involving a major change and reconfiguration of the inner components of the machine assembly. In particular, the present vacuum vessel will be replaced by the external stainless steel toroidal support structure, which will be significantly modified with the integration of approximately 150 vacuum-sealed ports, interfaced with existing machine sub-systems (diagnostics, pumping and fuelling), and the implementation of 2 vertical and 2 horizontal vacuum-tight electrically-insulated crossed joints, necessary to allow suitable penetration of electromagnetic fields within the plasma chamber. The design of such peculiar joints of the vessel required the development of several mock-ups in which different solutions and arrangement of materials have been tested. The final solution implies the use of high-performance polymers combined with acrylic based syntactic foam materials, which provide proper vacuum tightness (required leak rates < 1E-9 mbar·l/s) and electrical insulation (required dielectric strength > 1 kV/mm), with a suitable viscoelastic characteristic that guarantees the compensation of thermal deformations expected during operation. The paper will describe the numerical FEM analyses performed to verify the thermo-mechanical design of the system at the operating conditions and the experimental tests, in particular leak tests and outgassing tests, carried out on mock-ups to assess the reliability of the design solution.

An upgrade of the RFX-mod experiment (RFX-mod2) is in progress, involving a major change and reconfiguration of the inner components of the machine assembly. One of the most critical components of the assembly is the Passive Stabilizing Shell (PSS), a 3 mm thick toroidal structure (Rmajor = 1995 mm and rminor = 513 mm) made of copper which must be kept as close as possible to the plasma, in order to provide the suitable stabilization of the RFP magnetic configuration. In the present machine configuration, the PSS is wrapped and fastened around the external surface of the vacuum vessel, whereas for RFX-mod2 the PSS will be enclosed within a new wider vacuum vessel to enhance the 'shell-plasma proximity'. For this reason a new supporting structure has been conceived, able to support the shell and the new first wall (an array of 72x28 graphite tiles covering the entire inner surface of the shell) with stringent electromagnetic, thermomechanical and vacuum operating conditions. The new supporting structure is composed of a frame of 72 rings made of a high-performance polymer (Torlon® PAI), which complies with the thermo-mechanical and electrical requirements, reinforced with suitable stainless steel stiffening ribs and fastening bands. Each ring is bolted to the PSS by means of 28 peculiar clamps which, on the internal surface of the shell, provide also the fastening of the first wall tiles. The paper will describe the following design aspects: numerical FEM analyses performed to verify the thermo-mechanical design of the composite system at the expected operating conditions; development of geometrical features for the optimization of the injection moulding process for the manufacture of the ring sectors; experimental tests, in particular dimensional inspections and mechanical strength tests, carried out on prototypes to assess the reliability of the design solution.

An upgrade of the RFX-mod experiment is presently under design, aimed at widening the explored operational scenarios both in RFP and Tokamak configuration. The proposed upgrade implies a major modification and reconfiguration of the internal components of the machine, such as the replacement of the whole first wall, the change of the support system of the magnetic stabilizing shell and the adaption of the present toroidal mechanical support structure to provide the function of vacuum vessel. After the conceptual study developed to identify the feasibility of the proposed modification, the engineering design is presently being completed and supported by R&D activities developed to sort out specific critical issues related in particular to: 1) electrical connection and insulation of in-vessel components, to guarantee their reliability during normal and off-normal operation; 2) implementation of poloidal and toroidal crossed joints of the new vacuum vessel, with a novel solution conceived to ensure suitable vacuum tightness and proper electrical resistance, to allow the penetration of electro-magnetic fields within the plasma chamber. The contribution will focus on the design choices, implemented on the base of results of experimental tests performed on mock-ups of the new components.

Wendelstein 7-X (W7X) is a large, superconducting stellarator with modular coils and an optimized magnetic field. A multi-purpose manipulator (MPM) system has been developed and installed on the W7-X vessel, aimed at investigating the edge plasmas of the stellarator. It is a flexible tool for integration of a variety of different diagnostics as e. g. electrical probes, probing magnetic coils, material collection, or material exposition probes, and gas injection. The system is designed as user facility for many diagnostics, which can be mounted on a unique interface without breaking the W7-X vacuum. The manipulator system, located in the equatorial plane, transports the inserted diagnostic probe to the edge of the inner vacuum vessel. From there the probe can be moved over a maximum distance of 350 mm to different positions inside the plasma with a maximum acceleration and deceleration of 30 m/s2. In the framework of the EUROfusion S1 work program for the preparation and exploitation of W7-X campaigns, a diagnostic insertable probe head called HRP (High Resolution Probe) was developed by Consorzio RFX in collaboration with IPP Greifswald, to study the electrostatic and electromagnetic features of turbulence in the edge region of W7-X using the MPM. In particular the aim of the HRP head is to provide information on parallel current density associated to L-mode filamentary turbulent structures as well as on ELMy structures in H-mode. Furthermore the possibility to measure the time evolution of radial profiles of flow was considered as a further interesting part of the study, given the strong interplay expected between the turbulent fluctuation and the average flows. The paper reports the design development of the HRP head, from the choice of the sensors to the engineering design. The assumptions and evaluations supporting the main design choices, together with the R&D tests carried out to check the most critical parts, are described in detail. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.

Operation of the thermonuclear fusion experiment ITER requires additional heating via injection of neutral beams from accelerated negative ions. In the SPIDER test facility, under construction in Padova, the production of negative ions will be studied and optimised. The STRIKE diagnostic (Short-Time Retractable Instrumented Kalorimeter Experiment) will be used to characterise the SPIDER beam during short pulse operation (several seconds) to verify the degree of attainment of ITER requirements about the maximum allowed beam non-uniformity (below ±10%). The major components of STRIKE are 16 tiles, corresponding to the SPIDER beam arrangement, which are observed on the rear side by a thermal camera. The main requirements of the tiles are: to preserve the thermal pattern throughout the heat conduction from the front to the rear side; to tolerate very high and localised heat loads and the consequent thermo-mechanical stresses. This contribution describes a solution for tiles made of an essentially homogeneous and isotropic material like graphite, machined in such a way that heat is forced to propagate mostly in one direction (castellated tiles). In order to assess the reliability and the diagnostic capabilities of the tiles under high power irradiation, suitable finite element thermo-mechanical analyses were undertaken in the conditions expected of the SPIDER beam; moreover experimental tests on a prototype exposed to a high power beam were performed in the GLADIS facility at IPP (Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik) Garching. The results of these studies are described as well as the numerical simulations of the data measured when the size of the thermal camera pixels is comparable to the typical dimension of the elements of the castellated tiles for SPIDER.

Several hundreds of magnetic sensors will be located within the ITER vacuum vessel, in a hostile environment characterized by severe neutron irradiation and plasma heat loads that represent a concern for the reliability and durability of the sensors. The in-vessel magnetic sensors are therefore conceived to be attached to the inner surface of the vacuum vessel through a connection system which allows a potential replacement by means of a suitable Remote Handling (RH) system. This paper presents the preliminary design of the "In-Vessel Magnetic platform", which represents a subsystem of the magnetic diagnostics formed by all the components necessary for guaranteeing the thermo-mechanical interface of the actual magnetic sensors with the vacuum vessel, their protection and the electrical connection to the in-vessel wiring for the transmission of the detected signal with a minimum level of noise. The design has been developed in order to comply with several functional requirements: the mechanical attachment to vacuum vessel; the electrical connection to the in-vessel wiring; an efficient heat transfer to vacuum vessel; the installation and replacement by means of RH system; the housing of metrology features for post-installation control; the ECH radiation shielding. Significant effort has been dedicated to investigate and develop a proper CAD model, integrated within the ITER In-Vessel configuration model, caring for the geometrical compliance with the Blanket modules (modified in order to accommodate the magnetic sensors in suitable grooves) and the RH compatibility. Thorough thermo-mechanical and electro-magnetic fem analyses have been performed to demonstrate the reliability of the system in standard and off-normal operating conditions.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, cujo objetivo foi reestruturar a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Realizaram-se neste estudo as seguintes etapas: descrição da prática de enfermagem; transcrição dos diagnósticos; construção do protocolo de diagnósticos baseado na classificação internacional para a prática de enfermagem (CIPE); determinação das prescrições e construção de normas, rotinas e procedimentos. Caracterizou-se a prática da enfermagem em UTI e a complexidade do cuidado ao paciente crítico. Assim, compreende-se a SAE como um instrumento valioso de valorização da prática da Enfermagem. This is a methodological research, which aimed at organizing the systematization of nursing assistance in a critical care unit. The following steps were carried out: description of the nursing practice; transcription of nursing diagnoses; elaboration of a protocol for nursing diagnosis based in International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP); determination of nursing prescriptions and the elaboration of guidelines for care and procedures. The nursing practice and care complexity in ICU were characterized. Thus, systematization of nursing assistance is understood as a valuable tool for nursing practice. Tratase de una investigación metodologica, cuyo objetivo ha sido reestructurar la sistematización de assistência de enfermería en una unidad de terapia intensiva. Las siguientes etapas fueron realizadas en este estudio: descripción del los diagnósticos de enfermería, construcción del protocolo basado en la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE), determinación de prescripciones y construcción de reglas, rutinas e procedimientos. La práctica de enfermería y la complejidad de la asistencia a pacientes críticos en UTI fueron caracterizadas. Así, la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería es comprendida cómo un instrumento de valoración de la práctica de enfermeria.