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A new vagrant eriophyoid mite species of the archaic genus Pentasetacus (Schliesske 1985), P. novozelandicus n. sp., is described with the aid of conventional microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found on Araucaria heterophylla, which is an araucarian that is endemic to Norfolk Island and introduced to New Zealand. Partial sequences of mitochondrial barcode COI gene and D1–D2 domains of nuclear rDNA of two pentasetacid mites, P. araucariae (MK903025 and MK898944) and P. novozelandicus n. sp. (MK903024 and MK898943) are provided. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of full-length D1–D2 eriophyoid sequences, including GenBank sequences and newly generated sequences of pentasetacids, confirmed the monophyly of Pentasetacidae but failed to resolve the basal phylogeny of Eriophyoidea. This may be because the D1–D2 domains of 28S are hypervariable in Eriophyoidea. Moreover, in pentasetacids D1–D2 sequences are about 20% shorter than in other eriophyoids, and thus harder to align. Two types of anal lobes are described in Eriophyoidea: (1) Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l. have bilaterally symmetric lobes; (2) pentasetacids have non-divided lobes. The presence of an anal secretory apparatus, comprising internal structures that have previously been described in Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l., is confirmed in pentasetacid genera. The phylogeny of pentasetacids is also discussed in the context of the paleobiography of Araucariaceae.

Supplementary morphological descriptions of five Cecidophyopsis species collected in Europe (Serbia, Austria, Italy and Montenegro) are given: Cecidophyopsis vermiformis from Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae), C. hendersoni from Yucca gigantea Lem. (Asparagaceae), C. verilicis from Ilex aquifolium L. (Aquifoliaceae), C. psilaspis from Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae) and C. malpighianus from Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae). Males of C. vermiformis, C. verilicis, C. hendersoni and C. malpighianus, and immatures of C. hendersoni and C. verilicis, are described for the first time. C. verilicis is recorded for the first time in the fauna of Serbia and the European region. Female cuticle-lined internal genitalia of five Cecidophyopsis species are studied under confocal laser scanning microscopy. A several steps of oviposition in cecidophyines is proposed based on CLSM observations on their internal genitalia. Sequences of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene are given for the following species: C. hendersoni, C. verilicis, C. psilaspis and C. malpighianus.

A new vagrant eriophyoid mite species, Setoptus tsugivagus n. sp. Chetverikov (Eriophyoidea, Phytoptidae, Nalepellinae, Nalepellini), is described from the needles of the western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Rafinesque) Sargent (Pinaceae) in Vancouver, Canada. The new species can be distinguished from all other members of Setoptus by a distinct pattern of several short longitudinal ridges on the posterior half of the prodorsal shield. Elements of the anal secretory apparatus (ASA) were observed in adults of S. tsugivagus n. sp., suggesting that the ASA is present in both major phylogenetic lineages of Eriophyoidea (Eriophyidae s. l. and Phytoptidae s. l.). Therefore, this structure could be a synapomorphy for all Eriophyoidea. We briefly discuss the function and morphological variety of the ASA in Eriophyoidea. D2 28S rDNA sequences of four nalepelline species were obtained: Boczekella reticulata Bagnyuk 1987 (GenBank accession number MK124605), Nalepella tsugifoliae Keifer 1953 (MK124606), Setoptus pini Boczek, 1964 (MK124607), and S. tsugivagus n. sp. (MK124608). Molecular phylogenetic analyses of D2 28S rDNA sequences of the mites of the subfamily Nalepellinae confirmed monophyly of the tribe Nalepellini and retrieved Setoptus and Nalepella as polyphyletic. Additionally, our data indicate that 28S rDNA sequence KF782472.1, previously reported to be Trisetacus ehmanni Keifer 1963 by Li et al. (2014), belongs to another species of the genus Trisetacus, possibly T. quadrisetus (Thomas), and the sequence KF782471.1, previously reported to be Trisetacus sp., might belong to T. juniperinus (Nalepa). We also discuss the systematics of nalepellines and their host association with conifers.

Tribe Anthocoptini Amrine & Stasny, 1994 Aculus Keifer, 1959, Occ. Paps. 1:5 Type species: Aculus ligustri (Keifer, 1938):190–191, 159 (Fig. XVI) Revised diagnosis. BODY gENERALLY SPINDLE fORM, SOMEWHAT DORSOVENTRALLY fLATTENED AS A RULE. GNATHOSOMA RELATIVELY SMALL, PROjECTINg DIAgONALLY DOWNWARDS: CHELICERAE SHORT, NEARLY STRAIgHT; ORAL STYLET SHORT, RECURVINg WELL bELOW CHELICERAE bASE. PRODORSAL SHIELD SUbTRIANgULAR, WITH A bROAD AND ROUNDED APICALLY, SOMETIMES SHALLOW, ANTERIOR LObE EXTENDINg OVER bASE Of gNATHOSOMA ALMOST COVERINg SETAE ep; PROTOgYNES Of SOME SPECIES WITH ONE OR TWO PAIRS Of fORWARD-DIRECTED SMALL SPINES fROM ANTERIOR POINT Of LObE, OR fROM UNDERSIDE. SCAPULAR TUbERCLES ON REAR SHIELD MARgIN WELL-SPACED, PROjECTINg bACKWARDS AND OUTWARDS. COXAE WITH THREE PAIRS Of SETIfEROUS TUbERCLES. LEgS WITH USUAL SERIES Of SETAE. OPISTHOSOMA Of PROTOgYNES USUALLY WITH DORSAL ANNULI bROADER AND STRONgLY DIffERENTIATED fROM VENTRAL ANNULI; OfTEN A SLIgHT SUbDORSAL fURROW EXTENDINg A SHORT DISTANCE CAUDAD fROM REAR SHIELD MARgIN. IN SOME SPECIES, DIffERENTIATION Of DORSAL AND VENTRAL OPISTHOSOMAL ANNULI IS LESS EXPRESSED. ALL OPISTHOSOMAL SETAE (c2, d, e AND f) PRESENT. A SHORT MID-DORSAL RIDgE MAY bE PRESENT AT POSTERIOR END Of OPISTHOSOMA IN SOME SPECIES. FEMALE gENITAL COVERfLAP USUALLY WITH fURROWS; INTERNAL TRANSVERSAL APODEMA Of NORMAL LENgTH, bROAD. DEUTOgYNES LACKINg ANTERIOR LObE SPINES, WITH DORSAL AND VENTRAL ANNULI LESS DIffERENTIATED AND MICROTUbERCLES MORE OR LESS SUPPRESSED. Distribution and hosts. AT LEAST 260 Aculus SPECIES HAVE bEEN DESCRIbED fROM AROUND THE WORLD bASED ON AMRINE et al. (2003) AND A REVIEW Of THE MOST RECENT LITERATURE. Remarks. THE DIAgNOSIS Of THIS gENUS IS fOUNDED ON THE ORIgINAL DESCRIPTION bY KEIfER (1959) AND ObSERVATIONS Of AUTHORS fOR THE PAPER PUbLISHED HERE. THIS REVISED DIAgNOSIS IS ALSO ESTAbLISHED ON THE NEW SPECIES DESCRIPTION bELOW.

Aculus crassulae sp. nov. Knihinicki & Petanović FIgS. 1–4 Description. FEMALE (N=11). FIgS. 1–2. BODY 246 (196–251) [IDIOSOMA 234 (185–230)], WIDTH 79 (63–78), SPINDLEfORM IN SHAPE, ORANgE TO PINK IN COLOUR. Gnathosoma 21 (17–22), DOWNCURVED, DORSAL PEDIPALP gENUAL SETAE (d) 6 (4–7), PEDIPALP COXAL SETAE (ep) 6 (4–6), CHELICERAL STYLETS 22 (19–23). Prodorsal shield SUbTRIANgULAR 38 (37– 43), 70 (55–72) WIDE, WITH bROAD fRONTAL LObE, ROUNDED APICALLY, SHALLOW, bUT EXTENDINg OVER bASE Of gNATHOSOMA, ALMOST COVERINg SETAE ep. TUbERCLES Of SETAE (sc) ON REAR SHIELD MARgIN, WELL-SPACED, 27 (25–30) APART, PRODORSAL SETAE (sc) 14 (13–17), PROjECTINg bACKWARDS AND OUTWARDS. PRODORSAL SHIELD ORNAMENTATION WITHOUT LINES, bUT WITH NUMEROUS SMALL NODULES COVERINg WHOLE SURfACE AND LATERAL SIDES, OCCURRINg IN SHORT, LINEAR SEgMENTS (AS VISIbLE IN SEM IMAgE, FIg. 2A). Legs WITH ALL USUAL SETAE PRESENT. Leg I 41 (33–39; MEASURED fROM bASE Of TROCHANTER); fEMUR 9 (9–10), bASIVENTRAL fEMORAL SETA (bv) 14 (5–14); gENU 5 (5–6), ANTAXIAL gENUAL SETA (l ″) 31 (28–37); TIbIA 10 (9–10), PARAXIAL TIbIAL SETA (l ′) 6 (5–7); TARSUS 7.5 (7–8), PARAXIAL fASTIgIAL TARSAL SETA (ft ′) 17 (12–19), ANATAXIAL fASTIgIAL TARSAL SETA (ft ′ ′) 26 (20–26), VENTROMESAL SETA (u ′) 5 (4–6), TARSAL SOLENIDION (ω) 8 (7–8), DISTALLY ROUNDED WITH SMALL, DISTINCTIVE KNOb, TARSAL EMPODIUM (em) 6 (6–7), 4- RAYED WITH SECONDARY bRANCHES. Leg II 35 (30–36); fEMUR 8 (8– 10), bASIVENTRAL fEMORAL SETA (bv) 15 (13–15); gENU 5 (5–6), ANTAXIAL gENUAL SETA (l ″) 6 (4–7); TIbIA 9 (7–9); TARSUS 8 (7–8), PARAXIAL fASTIgIAL TARSAL SETA (ft ′) 7 (5–6), ANATAXIAL fASTIgIAL TARSAL SETA (ft ′ ′) 20 (18–22), VENTROMESAL SETA (u ′) 5 (4.5–5), TARSAL SOLENIDION (ω) 7.5 (7–8), DISTALLY ROUNDED WITH SMALL, DISTINCTIVE KNOb, TARSAL EMPODIUM (em) 6.5 (6– 6), 4- RAYED WITH SECONDARY bRANCHES. Coxigenital region WITH 9 (7–10) COXIgENITAL ANNULI. COXAE SPARSELY gRANULATED WITH SHORT DASHES, PROSTERNAL APODEME 12 (10–12), DISTINCT, fORKED ANTERIORLY. PROXIMAL SETAE ON COXISTERNUM I (1b) 7 (7–11), TUbERCLES 14 (12–14) APART; PROXIMAL SETAE ON COXISTERNUM II (1a) 14 (14–18), TUbERCLES 10 (9–10) APART; PROXIMAL SETAE ON COXISTERNUM III (2a) 33(15[bROKEN]–36), TUbERCLES 25 (22–28) APART. Opisthosoma WITH LATERAL DIffERENTIATION bETWEEN LARgER DORSAL ANNULI AND MORE NUMEROUS VENTRAL ANNULI, WITH SHORT, SHALLOW, MID-DORSAL RIDgE ON LAST 10–12 DORSAL ANNULI fROM REAR, 58 (53–59) DORSAL ANNULI, SMOOTH; 63 (55–63) VENTRAL ANNULI, WITH ELLIPTICAL MICROTUbERCLES. LATERAL SETA (c2) 38 64(51–64, N=6) APART ON ANNULUS 5 (4–6) fROM gENITALIA; VENTRAL SETA I (d) 55 (30–54) LONg ON ANNULUS 18 (16–19), TUbERCLES 45 (32–41) APART; VENTRAL SETA II (e) 15 (11–21), ON ANNULUS 35(34–37), TUbERCLES 25 (17–22) APART; VENTRAL SETA III (f) 23 (15–25) ON 5TH (5TH–6TH) ANNULUS fROM REAR, TUbERCLES 22 (22–24) APART. CAUDAL SETAE (h2) 45 (22–57). ACCESSORY SETA (h1) AbSENT. External genitalia 15 (13–15), 24 (22–25) WIDE, gENITAL COVERfLAP gRANULATED ANTERIORLY, WITH 12 (10–13) SHORT, MOSTLY ObLIqUE AND SOME LONgITUDINAL STRIATIONS IN A SINgLE ROW; PROXIMAL SETAE ON COXISTERNUM III (3a) 14 (10–20); TUbERCLES 18 (14–19) APART. Internal genitalia WITH ANTERIOR, TRANSVERSAL APODEME TRAPEZOIDAL, LONgITUDINAL bRIDgE RELATIVELY LONg, SPERMATHECAL TUbES DIRECTED LATERO-POSTERAD, SPERMATHECAE Egg-SHAPED, gLObOSE. MALE (N=2). FIg 1. MALE SHORTER THAN fEMALE, gENERALLY SIMILAR. BODY 181–191, 54–57 WIDE. Gnathosoma 15–16, d 5–6, ep 3, CHELICERAE 17–19; DOWN-CURVED. Prodorsal shield 34–37, 51–55 WIDE WITH bROAD fRONTAL LObE, ROUNDED APICALLY, SHALLOW, DESIgN RESEMbLINg fEMALE, sc 11–14, TUbERCLES 22–23 APART. Legs WITH ALL USUAL SETAE. Leg I 32, fEMUR 9–10, bv 7–9; gENU 5, l ″ 21–22; TIbIA 7, l ′ 4; TARSUS 6, ft ″ 16–20, ft ′ 12–14, u ′ 4–5, ω 6, DISTALLY ROUNDED WITH SMALL, DISTINCTIVE KNOb, em 6, 4-RAYED WITH SECONDARY bRANCHES. Leg II 30; fEMUR 8–9, bv 10–11; gENU 5, l ″ 5–6; TIbIA 6–7; TARSUS 7, ft ″ 14–15, ft ′ 6–7, u ′ 4–5, ω 6–7; em 6, 4- RAYED WITH SECONDARY bRANCHES. Coxigenital region AS SHOWN WITH 9 MICROTUbERCULATED ANNULI, 1b 6–8, TUbERCLES 11 APART; 1a 11–14, TUbERCLES 8 APART; 2a 19–20, TUbERCLES 21–24 APART. COXAE I AND II SPARSELY gRANULATED AS IN fEMALE, PROSTERNAL APODEME 8, DISTINCT, fORKED ANTERIORLY. Opisthosoma SIMILAR TO fEMALE, WITH AbOUT 52–54 DORSAL ANNULI AND 52–54 VENTRAL ANNULI, WITH SHORT, SHALLOW, MID-DORSAL RIDgE ON LAST 10 TO 12 DORSAL ANNULI fROM REAR; c 2 15–22, ON ANNULUS 4–5 (fROM gENITALIA); d 29–31 ON ANNULUS 16–17, TUbERCLES 29–31 APART; e 12 ON ANNULUS 31, TUbERCLES 17 APART; f 21–22 ON 5TH ANNULUS fROM REAR, TUbERCLES 18–20 APART; h2 37–39, h1 AbSENT. External genitalia 17–18 WIDE, EPIANDRUM TYPICALLY ORNAMENTED WITH SMALL gRANULES, 3a 11–12 AND TUbERCLES 12–13 APART. NYMPH (N=1). FIg 3. IN COMPARISON TO ADULTS, IMMATURES LACK THE fRONTAL LObE Of THE PRODORSAL SHIELD AND HAVE SUbEqUAL NUMbERS Of VENTRAL AND DORSAL OPISTHOSOMAL ANNULI (IMMATURE ANNULI NOT DORSO-VENTRALLY DIffERENTIATED). BODY 145, 50 WIDE; VERMIfORM IN SHAPE, TRANSLUCENT TO WHITISH IN COLOUR. Gnathosoma 14, d 4, ep 3, CHELICERAE 17.5. Prodorsal shield 33, 49 WIDE; SEMI-OVOID, ANTERIOR LObE LACKINg, ORNAMENTATION fAINT bUT RESEMbLINg ADULT WITH SIMILAR ARRANgEMENT Of NODULES, sc 6, TUbERCLES 19 APART. Legs. Leg I 25; fEMUR 6, bv 3; gENU 3, l ″ 7; TIbIA 5, l ′ 3; TARSUS 4, ft ″ 12, ft ′ 7, u ′ 4, ω 6, SIMILAR TO ADULT, em 5, 4 -RAYED. Leg II 20; fEMUR 6, bv 6; gENU 3, l ″ 5; TIbIA 4; TARSUS 5, ft ″ 11, ft ′ 4, u ′ 3, ω 5, SIMILAR TO ADULT, em 4.5, 4-RAYED. Coxigenital region WITH 1 b 4, TUbERCLES 10 APART; 1a 6, TUbERCLES 6 APART; 2a 10, TUbERCLES 20 APART. COXAE SPARSELY gRANULATED. PROSTERNAL APODEME AbSENT. COXIgENITAL REgION WITH 8 MICROTUbERCULATED ANNULI. 3a 4, TUbERCLES 7 APART. Opisthosoma. APPEARANCE Of ANNULI SUbEqUAL, NOT DIffERENTIATED AS IN ADULT; MICROTUbERCLES EVENLY PRESENT ON DORSAL ANNULI, SMALLER AND SPARSER ON VENTRAL ANNULI, EVENLY SPACED. WITH 51 DORSAL ANNULI AND 47 VENTRAL ANNULI. c2 20, ON ANNULUS 8 (fROM gENITAL TUbERCLES), 39 APART; d 12 ON ANNULUS 17, TUbERCLES 26 APART; e 12 ON ANNULUS 27, TUbERCLES 13 APART; f 14 ON 5TH ANNULUS fROM REAR, TUbERCLES 17 APART. h 2 10, 9 APART; h1 AbSENT. LARVA (N=1). FIg. 4. BODY 107, 52 WIDE; VERMIfORM IN SHAPE, TRANSLUCENT TO WHITISH IN COLOUR. Gnathosoma 17, d 4, CHELICERAE 14. Prodorsal shield 30, 44 WIDE; SEMI-OVOID, ANTERIOR LObE LACKINg, ORNAMENTATION fAINT bUT RESEMbLINg ADULT WITH SIMILAR ARRANgEMENT Of NODULES, sc 11, TUbERCLES 20 APART. Legs. Leg I 22; fEMUR 7, bv 12; gENU 4, l ″ 19; TIbIA 6, l ′ 6; TARSUS 5, ft ″ 14, ft ′ 9, ω 5, SIMILAR TO ADULT, em 4, 4 -RAYED. Leg II 21; fEMUR 6, bv 9; gENU 4, l ″ 21; TIbIA 4; TARSUS 4, ft ″ 13, ft ′ 9, u ′ 3, ω 6, SIMILAR TO ADULT, em 3, 4-RAYED. Coxigenital region WITH 1 b 8, TUbERCLES 9 APART; 1a 12, TUbERCLES 7 APART; 2a 17, TUbERCLES 15 APART. COXAE SPARSELY gRANULATED. PROSTERNAL APODEME AbSENT. SETAE 3a 7, TUbERCLES 9 APART. Opisthosoma. APPEARANCE Of ANNULI SUbEqUAL, NOT DIffERENTIATED AS IN ADULT; MICROTUbERCLES EVENLY PRESENT ON DORSAL ANNULI, SMALLER AND SPARSER ON VENTRAL ANNULI, EVENLY SPACED. WITH 42 DORSAL ANNULI AND 31 VENTRAL ANNULI. c2 17, ON ANNULUS 2 (fROM gENITAL TUbERCLES), 40 APART; d 28 ON ANNULUS 10, TUbERCLES 24 APART; e 11 ON ANNULUS 20, TUbERCLES 15 APART; f 16 ON 5TH ANNULUS fROM REAR, TUbERCLES 18 APART. h 2 29, 10 APART; h1 AbSENT. DEUTOGYNE FEMALE. NOT ObSERVED. Host plant. Crassula helmsii (KIRK) COCKAYNE: CRASSULACEAE. A PLANT SPECIES CONSIDERED NATIVE TO AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND. Relationship with the host plant and field observations. CAUSINg DISTORTION AND fORMATION Of “bIg bUD” gALLS WHEREbY LEAVES fAIL TO OPEN AND EXPAND NORMALLY (FIg. 5). LEAVES DEVELOP A DEEP MAgENTA COLOUR COMPARED TO HEALTHY gREEN SHOOTS. THE LEAVES CURL INWARDS TO fORM A gALL-LIKE STRUCTURE. UPON REACHINg MATURITY, THE MITES WERE ObSERVED OUTSIDE THE gALL IN READINESS fOR DISPERSAL. ONLY THE TERRESTRIAL OR EMERgENT gROWTH fORMS Of C. helmsii WERE fOUND TO bE INfESTED bY A. crassulae sp. nov. AND IT WAS NOT ObSERVED IN THE SUbMERgED PLANT fORM. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH (S. VARIA et al. UNPUbLISHED DATA 2017) SUggESTS THAT THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE fOR MITE DEVELOPMENT IS AbOVE 20 o C. Type material. Holotype fEMALE (SINgLE SPECIMEN ON MICROSCOPE SLIDE PREPARATION) EX INSIDE bUD Of AUSTRALIAN SWAMP STONECROP, Crassula helmsii, LAKE COLAC, VICTORIA, S 38°19′43.07 " E 143°35′43.04″, COLL. R. ADAIR, 20.IV.2013 (DEPOSITED IN ASCT). Paratypes ON 5 MICROSCOPE SLIDE PREPARATIONS (SOME SLIDES HAVE MULTIPLE SPECIMENS) WITH SAME COLLECTION DATA AS HOLOTYPE; EX C. helmsii, CAUSINg bUD gALLS, IN qUARANTINE fACILITY, CABI, COLONY DERIVED fROM LAKE COLAC, VICTORIA AS IN HOLOTYPE, COLL. S. VARIA, 2013. OTHER SPECIMENS ALSO EXAMINED. Etymology. THE SPECIES NAME crassulae IS A fEMININE NOUN IN gENITIVE AND REfLECTS THE NAME Of THE PLANT gENUS ON WHICH THE NEW SPECIES WAS fOUND. Differential diagnosis and remarks. THE NEW SPECIES, A. crassulae, IS CHARACTERIZED bY THE fRONTAL LObE WHICH IS bROAD AND ROUNDED APICALLY, SHALLOW, bUT EXTENDINg OVER THE bASE Of THE gNATHOSOMA ALMOST COVERINg SETAE ep. THERE IS LATERAL DIffERENTIATION bETWEEN THE LARgER DORSAL ANNULI AND MORE NARROW AND NUMEROUS VENTRAL ANNULI. UNLIKE MOST OR ALL OTHER SPECIES IN THE gENUS Aculus, A. crassulae sp. nov. HAS A SHORT MID-DORSAL RIDgE AT THE END Of THE OPISTHOSOMA. WE COMPARED Aculus crassulae sp. nov. WITH THE ONLY OTHER Aculus SPECIES DESCRIbED fROM THE PLANT fAMILY CRASSULACEAE, I.E. Aculus cotyledonis (KEIfER, 1939). THESE TWO SPECIES ARE SIMILAR IN THE NUMbER Of DORSAL ANNULI AND LENgTH Of THE sc SETAE. HOWEVER, THERE ARE SEVERAL MAjOR MORPHOLOgICAL DIffERENCES. THE NEW SPECIES CAN bE DISTINgUISHED bY HAVINg AN OPULENCE Of DISTINCTIVE NODULES COVERINg THE ENTIRE PRODORSAL SHIELD WHICH ARE PRESENT IN A SERIES Of SHORT, LINEAR SEgMENTS. IN CONTRAST, THE PRODORSAL SHIELD Of A. cotyledonis IS COMPRISED Of A STRONg NETWORK Of LINES AND IT HAS MUCH LONgER DORSAL SETAE. ADDITIONALLY, THE SPECIES DIffER fROM EACH OTHER IN THE NUMbER Of RAYS ON THE EMPODIA (4-RAYED IN A. crassulae sp. nov. AND 5-RAYED IN A. cotyledonis). ALSO, UNLIKE OTHER CURRENTLY KNOWN SPECIES Of Aculus, THE DORSAL ANNULI IN THE NEW SPECIES fORM A CHARACTERISTIC, SHORT, SHALLOW, MID-DORSAL RIDgE AT THE POSTERIOR. THE DAMAgE SYMPTOMS ATTRIbUTED TO bOTH SPECIES ALSO DIffER. Aculus cotyledonis IS fOUND AT THE VERY bASE Of THE ROSETTE Of LEAfLETS Of THE HOST PLANT, D. caespitosa. IT bROWNS AND WRINKLES THE LEAf SURfACES, AND CAUSES AN UNEVEN WHITE SURfACE PULVERULENCE, WHILE THE NEW SPECIES CAUSES THE DISTORTION AND fORMATION Of “bIg bUD” gALLS ON C. helmsii WHEREbY LEAVES fAIL TO OPEN AND EXPAND NORMALLY. Aculus crassulae sp. nov. IS ALSO SIMILAR TO Aculus haloragi (LAMb, 1953) WHICH WAS fIRST DESCRIbED fROM NEW ZEALAND bY LAMb (1953) WITHIN THE gENUS Thamnacus. LATER, MANSON (1984) REDESCRIbED THE SPECIES AND REASSIgNED IT TO THE gENUS Aculops, CHANgINg THE NAME INTO haloragis. AMRINE AND STASNY (1994), AS WELL AS XUE AND ZHANg (2008), TREATED THIS SPECIES AS A MEMbER Of THE gENUS Aculus, PRObAbLY bECAUSE Of THE SHAPE Of THE SUbDORSAL SHIELD, AND RETURNED THE ORIgINAL SPECIES NAME Aculus haloragi. IT WAS LISTED AS CAUSINg DEfORMED INfLORESCENCES, LEAf AND bUD gALLS ON A RANgE Of Haloragis SPP. (HALORAgACEAE). Aculus crassulae sp. nov. AND A. haloragi INHAbIT PLANTS THAT bELONg TO THE SAME PLANT ORDER, SAXIfRAgALES. HENCE, IT WAS IMPORTANT TO COMPARE THEM fURTHER. THE ORIgINAL DESCRIPTIONS Of THE TWO SPECIES HAVE bEEN STUDIED AND A SUMMARY Of MEASUREMENTS ARE PRESENTED IN TAbLE 1. THE MAIN SIMILARITIES bETWEEN THE NEW SPECIES AND A. haloragi fROM NEW ZEALAND INCLUDE THE PRODORSAL SHIELD DESIgN AND ALSO THE fACT THAT IT HAS THE SAME NUMbER Of EMPODIAL RAYS. SOME SETAL LENgTHS ARE ALSO COMPARAbLE. HOWEVER, THERE ARE SOME MAjOR DIffERENCES SUCH AS A. crassulae sp. nov. HAVINg A MUCH LONgER bODY LENgTH AND A gREATER NUMbER Of DORSAL AND VENTRAL ANNULI THAN A. haloragi, AS WELL AS THE PRESENCE Of A SHORT MID- DORSAL RIDgE AT THE POSTERIOR END Of THE OPISTHOSOMA. IN THE ORIgINAL DESCRIPTION Of A. haloragi, LAMb (1953) MENTIONED THE PRESENCE Of A SHALLOW fURROW ON EITHER SIDE Of THE OPISTHOSOMA EXTENDINg TO THE CAUDA. HOWEVER, WHEN MANSON (1984) REDESCRIbED THAT SPECIES AfTER RE-EXAMININg LAMb’S TYPE MATERIAL, HE DID NOT ACCEPT LAMb’S ObSERVATION AND THIS IS PRObAbLY THE REASON WHY HE REMOVED IT fROM THE gENUS Thamnacus. NEITHER AUTHOR DESCRIbED OR ILLUSTRATED A SHORT, SHALLOW MID-DORSAL RIDgE EXTENDINg TOWARDS THE POSTERIOR Of THE OPISTHOSOMA. IN THE NEW SPECIES, A. crassulae, THIS CHARACTER IS EVIDENT IN SLIDE-MOUNTED SPECIMENS AND CAN CLEARLY bE SEEN IN THE SEM (SEE FIg. 2A). ......continued on the next page DNA barcoding. THE SEqUENCINg RESULTED IN A 606 bP LONg fRAgMENT Of THE MTCOI bARCODE REgION (SENSU HEbERT et al. 2004). BASE PAIR fREqUENCIES SHOWED THAT THE REgION IS AT-RICH (A: 0.210, C: 0.135, G: 0.162, T: 0.493). PAIRWISE COMPARISON Of OVERLAPPINg MTCOI fRAgMENTS USED IN THIS STUDY INDICATED A HIgH LEVEL Of gENETIC DIVERgENCE bETWEEN THE ANALYZED POPULATION Of A. crassulae sp. nov. AND TWO CONgENERIC SPECIES A. amygdali AND A. ichnocarpi (22.6% AND 23.1%, RESPECTIVELY). THE DIVERgENCE RATES ARE IN CONgRUENCE WITH INTERSPECIfIC VARIATIONS IN OTHER MITE TAXONOMIC gROUPS (STEVENS & HOgg 2006; LEWANDOWSKI et al. 2014; SKORACKA & DAbERT 2010; MARTIN et al. 2010; SKORACKA et al. 2013; CHETVERIKOV et al. 2012 & 2015; VIDOVIĆ et al. 2015; CVRKOVIĆ et al. 2016).

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A new species of eriophyoid mite Aceria alhagi n. sp. inhabiting the weed Alhagi maurorum Medik., is described from the type locality in Iran, but it was also collected from Uzbekistan, Turkey and Armenia. This mite causes changes of the leaves and inflorescence. Infested plants develop cauliflower-like galls on the inflorescence and leaves deforming the reproductive structures and inhibiting seed production. The potential reduction in seed set suggests that this mite could constitute a potential biological control agent against this noxious weed. To investigate intraspecific variability between A. alhagi n. sp. populations from Iran, Turkey and Armenia, we analysed molecular sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). These results indicated that there are no significant intraspecific divergences among populations of A.alhagi n. sp. from the five different localities in three West Asia countries. This finding can be used in the future research of certain mite populations as biological control agent. © Vidović B. et al.

International audience

Supplementary descriptions of three cecidophyine species based on topotype specimens recovered from vials from the Nalepa collection kept in the Natural History Museum (Vienna, Austria) are given: Cecidophyes galii (Karpelles 1884) from Asperula aparine M. Bieb. and Galium mollugo L. (Rubiaceae), Chrecidus ruebsaameni (Nalepa 1895) com. nov. (transferred from Cecidophyopsis) from Andromeda polifolia L. (Ericaceae) and Colomerus bucidae (Nalepa 1904) from Bucida buceras L. (Combretaceae). Observations on the morphological variability of Colomerus bucidae from different host plants are given. Morphological differences between two closely related species, Cecidophyes galii and Cecidophyes rouhollahi Craemer 1999 are discussed.

Смештено на раскршћу три велика континента, Европе, Азије и Африке, Балканско полуострво показује изузетну комплексност у својој ге- ографији, а тиме изузетну разноврсност у погледу флористичких и фаунистичких елемената који насељавају ово подручје. Територија Србије је као централна област Балкана од посебног значаја јер се на њој сусрећу биолошки ентитети централне Ев- ропе, Мале Азије, Mедитерана и северне Африке. Oво подручје је због тога прог- лашено „центром европског биодиверзитета“. Захваљујући својој позицији и богат- ству флористичких елемената, диверзитет инсеката (Insecta) на територији Србије је изузетно богат. Ово пружа могућност проучавања њиховог утицаја на бројност популација биљака које представљају проблем у екосистемима или имају економски значај. Употреба инсеката у сузбијању алохтоних или аутохтоних инвазивних врста до бројности која је испод прага економске штетности представља основни прин- цип у класичној и инундативној биолошкој контроли штетних организама. Богат- ство ентомофауне чини територију Србије веома привлачном за реализацију истраживања из области биолошке контроле. Ово је посебно важно у времену значајних климатских промена и интензивне размене биота као директне последице глобалног повећања обима трговине између држава. До сада су са територије Србије у циљу би- олошког сузбијања корова евроазијског порекла реализована истраживања којима је било обухваћено неколико десетина фитофагних врста инсеката најчешће из фами- лија Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Buprestidae, Noctuidae, Geometridae, Cosmopterigidae и Anthomyiidae. Поред инсеката, ериофиде (Acari: Eriophyoidea) као најразноврснија група фитофагних гриња се пре свега због монофагије, разматрају и истражују као кандидати класичне биолошке контроле корова. Од преко 50 врста које се у свету наводе као кандидати, Србију настањује око 50% што је чини значај- ним ресурсом за ту намену. У раду се износе примери евидентирања и проучавања врста инсеката и ериофида за примену у Европи и на другим континентима. Territory of the Republic of Serbia, as the central area of the Balkan Peninsula, is of particular interest as a point where biological entities coming from central Europe, Asia Minor, Mediterranean and North Africa encounter. Hence, this area has been declared as a “center of European biodiversity”. Natural consequence of Serbia’s geographic position and the richness of the flora is the great diversity of insect fauna (Insecta). Observed diversity of entomofauna is the reason why the territory of Serbia is attractive for the research in biological control. Climate change and the intensive exchange of biota as a direct consequence of increasing global trend of trade between the countries is what make this a particularly important issue. Although Serbia has a relatively short history of research on phytophagous insects as biological control agents for Eurasian origin weeds, researchers at the biological laboratory of Institute for plant protection based in Zemun (presently Institute for plant protection and environment, Zemun) can be considered as doyens of biological control research in Europe and even worldwide. The first department for biological control of pests in Europe started working in the Institute for plant protection in Zemun, in 1954. The founder and the first director of the Institute for plant protection, prof. dr. Guido Nonveiller, had a vision of forming a team of interdisciplinary researchers with biological and agronomic background. In the period from 1967–1974, the project entitled “Project 480: Europe: Yugoslavia E30-Ent-12 – Distribution and natural enemies of the weeds Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica Mill) and Mediterranean sage (Salvia aethiopsis L.) in Yugoslavia”, has been carried out for the purpose of biological control of L. dalmatica (Plantaginaceae) and Salvia aethiops (Lamiaceae). Four more projects supported by the USDA followed: Elaboration of protective measures for agricultural crops against parasitic phanerogams belonging to the genera Cuscuta and Orobanche (parasitic herbs – dodders and broomrape) (1968–1971), Biological control of terrestrial and aquatic weeds and pests of crop plants (1977–1983), Biological control of insects and weeds (1981–1986), Biocontrol of Yugoslavian and North American weeds with insects, pathogens and other biotic agents (1988–1990, 1991). Research on potential phytophagous insects against invasive weeds in North America included, beside a forementioned plants, Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae), Carduus nutans, Carduus acanthoides, Cirsium arvense, Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurea maculosa (Asteraceae), Euphorbia cyparissias and Euphorbia virgata (Euphorbaceae). Classical biological control (i.e. intentional release of natural enemies of exotic pests for the purpose of their control) represents a very important tool in the integrated pest management. Globalization and intensive trade between countries have led to exchange of organisms from different zoogeographical regions. Should those organisms adapt to the new environment, they could potentially represent threat to local ecosystems. This is the reason why, according to Agenda 21 (Chapter 14), biological control has been recognized as a method of choice in pest control. Until 1992, the research within USDA Project 480 resulted in introduction of several insect species in the area of North America. Introduced species were: Sphenoptera jugoslavica for the purpose of controlling Centaurea diffusa (Asteraceae), Hylas euphorbiae, Oberea erythrocephala, Pegomya euphorbiae and P. curticornis (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) for the control of invasive spurge species Euphorbia esula, E. cyparissias and E. virgata. Species from the genus Aphthona (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), A. lacertosa, A. nigris-cutis and A. flava, were introduced for the same reason. Further, two weevil species, Larinus obtusus and L. minutus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), were used against Centaurea diffusa and Centaurea maculosa. Lastly, defoliator species Calophasia lunula (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was introduced for the control of Linaria dalmatica and L. vulgaris (Plantaginaceae). During the period of 1992–1999, introduced species were Chamaesphecia hungarica and Ch. crassicornis for the control of Euphorbia virgata and Chamaesphecia hungaricafor the control of Euphorbia esula. Two moth species, Eteobalea serratella and E. intermediella (Cosmopterigidae), were introduced for the control of north American populations of Linaria vulgaris and L. dalmatica. Finally, after extensive host specificity tests, a weevil species Mogulones cruciger was introduced for the purpose of controlling Cynoglossum officinale (Boraginaceae) in North America . Advances in molecular techniques in the 21st century have led to turn over in biological control research. New knowledge on specific interactions within the insect-plant system has placed in the focus population-genetic properties of the biological control agent. Molecular techniques also enabled understanding biological properties of local insect’s populations as well as cryptic speciation, which consequently led to overall better safety and precision in biological control research. The research, since 2000, has been focused on invasive plant species of the genus Linaria and weevils of the genus Mecinus and Rhinusa. New research enabled introduction and successful development of gallicol weevil species Rhinusapilosa in north-west Canada. Furthermore, cryptic species Mecinus janthiniformis was described within the Mecinus jathinus. Within Mecinus heydenii complex of species, one cryptic species were described, Mecinus peterharrisi in association with L. dalmatica and one subspecies Mecinus laeviceps ssp. meridionalis association with L. genistifolia from East Serbia and Bulgaria. One new gallforming weevil species was also described, namely Rhinusa rara in association with L. genistifolia and L. dalmatica from East Serbia, Hungary and South Russia. All newly described species and subspecies are in the research process of suitability assessment as the biological control agents. Besides insects many species of eriophyoid mites, an obligatory plant feeders, are considered to be among the most promising candidate agents for classical biological control of weeds due to their biology and host-plant relationship. Eriophyoid mites have high degree of host specificity, about 80% of currently known species have been recorded on a one host plant. Among approximately 5000 known species about 50 are considered as potential weed control agents in the world. More than 50% of these species have been discovered in Serbia. Investigations in this field started in early 1980’s. In the period 1990–2000’s in the framework of different projects three new species for science were described on Geranium dissectum L. and four on Euphorbia spp. At the beginning of 2000’s, especially detailed studies of Aceria anthocoptes (Nal.) and Leipothrix dipsacivagus Petanović. et Rector have been carried out from the different points of view. During the last years few eriophyoid mites were investigated within the framework of different European programs of classical biological control of weeds. Aceria acroptiloni Kovalev et Shevchenko was studied as agent of biocontrol of Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo, Metaculus spp. were studied for biological control of Lepidium latifolium L., Isatis tinctoria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia, as well as two Aceria spp. for biological control of Eleagnus angustifolia L. Moreover two potential biocontrol agents Aceria artemisiifoliae Vidović & Petanović, and Aculops mosiniensis Ripka against Ambrosia artemisifolia L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle respectively have been nominated recently. More or less integrative approach in species delimitation has been applied using combined techniques of phase contrast light microscopy, pseudo dark field, differential interference contrast microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and sequencing of barcoding region of mt COI DNA. Traditional morphological analysis was accomplished with morphometric, (linear and/or geometric) analysis because it helps in understanding intraspecific variability, including races adapted to the host plants and /or cryptic species. Studying potential agents for the biological control of invasive weeds is tightly linked with floristic and entomo-acaro-faunistic diversity. Because of its position, the territory of Serbia represents a meeting point for floristic and faunistic elements coming from central Europe, Asia Minor, Mediterranean and North Africa. The complex floristic and faunistic diversity is also a consequence of numerous colonizations and recolonizations of biota during the periods of glaciation and interglaciation. These unique aspects have made the territory of Serbia an excellent starting point for the research in biological control. Научни скупови / Српска академија наука и уметности ; књ. 171. Одељење хемијских и биолошких наука ; књ. 12

Izgradnjom brana se prekida longitudinalni kontinuitet reke čime se značajno utiče na kvalitativan i kvantitativan sastav ihtiofaune u novonastalim akumulacijama, kao i na sektoru reke nizvodno od brane. Izrazito negativan efekat se ispoljava na populacijama migratornih vrsta riba, gde su posebno ugrožene anadromne vrste koje migriraju iz mora u reke radi mresta. Izgradnja brana, Đerdap I na 943 kilometru Dunava 1970. godine i Đerdap II na 863 kilometru Dunava 1984. godine, je negativno uticala na brojnost populacija vrsta riba iz porodica Acipenseridae (jesetri) i Clupeidae (haringi), koje migriraju iz Crnog mora u Dunav radi mresta. Nakon izgradnje brane Đerdap II u srpskom delu Dunava, mrest ovih vrsta je moguć samo na 17,4 kilometara toka nizvodno od brane do granice sa Bugarskom. Kao posledica pregrađivanja Dunava u komercijalnim izlovima ribara se umesto ekonomski veoma cenjenih jesetarskih vrsta, kao što su moruna (Huso huso), ruska jesetra (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) i pastruga (Acipenser stellatus), javljaju ekonomski manje cenjene alohtone vrste riba kao što su tolstolobik beli (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), tolstolobik sivi (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), beli amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella) i babuška (Carassius gibelio). Iako potamodromna vrsta, koja migrira samo u okviru reka, kečiga (Acipenser ruthenus) takođe pokazuje smanjenje brojnosti populacija posle izgradnje brana, pri čemu su u ulovima zastupljene mlađe uzrasne klase u odnosu na period pre izgradnje brana. Uspor brzine toka Dunava u akumulacijama je omogućio širenje alohtonih vrsta riba. Od ranih sedamdesetih, zabeleženo je širenje predstavnika familije glavoča (Gobiidae ) duž Dunava, uglavnom zahvaljujući izgradnji brana i kanala. Danas su sve jesetarske vrste, osim kečige, označene na Crvenoj listi IUCN kao kritično ugrožene, dok su dve vrste haringi (Alosa immaculata i Alosa tanaica) zaštićene u Srbiji. U cilju zaštite biodiverziteta ihtiofaune na ovom području neophodno je započeti studije za izgradnju ribljih staza na pomenutim branama, što može voditi ka oporavku populacija jesetarskih i drugih migratornih vrsta u ovom delu Dunava, kao i obnavljanju njihovog komercijalnog izlova. Petanović R, editor. Ecological and Economic Significance of Fauna of Serbia: proceedings of the scientific meeting held on November, 2016. Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts; 2018. p. 143–67. (Scientific meetings; 171. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences; 12).

International audience; Despite the economic importance of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), data on their biodiversity are scarce in some regions of Europe, such as Balkan Peninsula and particularly in Serbia. In this country, according to the Spider Mites Web database, only 17 spider mite species belonging to seven genera have been reported. This study provides a review of the Serbian literature dealing with spider mites species recorded in Serbia and presents results of a four-year faunistic survey in which spider mites were collected on cultivated plants and native vegetation throughout the country. In the survey, a total of 23 species were recorded, including six species new to Serbian acarofauna: Bryobia praetiosa, Eotetranychus aceri, E. fraxini, E. pruni, Panonychus citri and Tetranychus evansi. Together with previously reported data, it raises the number of known spider mite species in Serbia to 36. A total of 90 host plant species from 21 families that are favorable to spider mites were recorded in this study; there were 62 new host records for 20 spider mite species with 11 records of new plant species as hosts of spider mites. There were 63 new records for Serbia among host plant species, raising the number of Serbian hosts for tetranychid mites to 137. The spider mite species new to Serbian acarofauna were found on 17 newly recorded host plants from 11 families. A key to all known spider mites species from Serbia is provided.

Bryobia praetiosa Koch, 1836 Origin of the specimens examined — Area I: Valjevo-Jovanje (44°15’39”N, 19°49’10”E), on Atriplex patula (Amaranthaceae), 7♀, 23/05/2013; Area Q: Trstenik-Počekovina (43°35’23”N, 21°05’35”E), on Apium graveolens (Apiaceae), 12♀, 27/06/2015; Area D: Bavanište (44°49’44”N, 20°53’06”E), on Ambrosia artemisifolia (Asteraceae), 6♀, Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae), 2♀, 04/09/2013; Area B: Lukićevo (45°20’20”N, 20°29’56”E), on Artemisia vulgaris (Asteraceae), 7♀, 26/07/2015; Area W: Prokuplje, Rastovnica (43°12’03”N, 21°35’38”E), on Euphorbia cyparissias (Euphorbiaceae), 6♀, 12/08/2010; Area K: Kučevo-Rabrovo (44°33’37”N, 21°31’52”E), on Hordeum murinum (Poaceae), 2♀, Ranunculus aconitifolius (Ranunculaceae), 12♀, 21/08/2015; Area O: Tara-Kaluđerske Bare (43°52’22”N, 19°24’41”E), on Malus pumilla (Rosaceae), 21♀, 19/05/2013, Zlatibor-Dobroselica, on Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae), 3♀, 23/07/2014; Area S: Nova Varoš-Draglica (43°34’45”N, 19°46’56”E), on Pyrus communis (Rosaceae), 3♀, 28/09/2015; Area P: Čačak-Riđage (43°53’52”N, 20°16’18”E), on Rubus fruticosus (Rosaceae), 4♀, 31/08/2015. Remarks — This species was found on 12 host plants from seven families, with nine plant species as its new hosts in the world A (. patula, E. cyparissias and R. aconitifolius are new hosts for spider mites). It is a worldwide distributed species of some economic importance, found on 269 host plants from 70 families. In Palearctic region it was recorded in 29 countries, including Greece and Romania in the Balkans (Vacante, 2016; Migeon and Dorkeld, 2017)., Published as part of Marić, Ivana, Marčić, Dejan, Petanović, Radmila & Auger, Philippe, 2018, Biodiversity of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Serbia: a review, new records and key to all known species, pp. 3-14 in Acarologia 58 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184223, http://zenodo.org/record/4502252, {"references":["Vacante V. 2016 - The handbook of mites of economic plants - Wallingford: CABI Publishing. pp. 872."]}