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Non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘Triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Geophysical anomalies may signal the position of buried stones adding to the possibility of former stone arrangements, while laser scanning has provided detail on the manner in which the stones have been dressed; some subsequently carved with axe and dagger symbols. The probability that a lintelled bluestone trilithon formed an entrance in the north-east is signposted. This work has added detail that allows discussion on the question of whether the sarsen circle was a completed structure, although it is by no means conclusive in this respect. Instead, it is suggested that it was built as a façade, with other parts of the circuit added and with an entrance in the south.

The workshop dealt with partial differential equations in ge om- etry and technical applications. The main topics were the co mbination of nonlinear partial differential equations and geometric pro blems, and fourth order equations in conformal geometry.

Integrated non-invasive survey in the Stonehenge ‘triangle’, Amesbury, Wiltshire, has highlighted a number of features that have a significant bearing on the interpretation of the site. Among them are periglacial and natural topographical structures, including a chalk mound that may have influenced site development. Some geophysical anomalies are similar to the post-holes in the car park of known Mesolithic date, while others beneath the barrows to the west may point to activity contemporary with Stonehenge itself. Evidence that the ‘North Barrow’ may be earlier in the accepted sequence is presented and the difference between the eastern and western parts of the enclosure ditch highlighted, while new data relating to the Y and Z Holes and to the presence of internal banks that mirror their respective circuits is also outlined.

‘The huts are now roofless, the fires of the hearths quenched for ever, the fortifications levelled; yet these ruins have out-lasted the erections of more civilized times, and they still remain to tell us something of the busy population who hunted, tended flocks, tilled the ground, and quarrelled and fought, at a very distant period (in the valley of the Breamish)’. George Tate (1863, 302) This paper describes the results of the South East Cheviots Project undertaken by the former Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME; now part of English Heritage) during the 1980s. An area of 66 square kilometres was analytically recorded, ranging from the Breamish Valley in the north to Alnham in the south and from Brandon in the east to Schill Moor in the west. The project recorded with metrical accuracy all forms of cultivation remains, field systems, and settlements of all periods (only the prehistoric evidence will be reviewed in this paper). This landscape approach has led to a greater understanding of settlement histories in these remarkably well-preserved uplands. Recent excavations undertaken by the Northumberland Archaeological Group (NAG) and Durham University, under the auspices of the Northumberland National Park Authority (NNPA), have helped to clarify and contextualise further aspects of the chronology of settlement and landscape change recorded by the SECP.

A serial bus that connects individual modules can provide an alternative to the complex wiring harness in a vehicle door.

Analytical field survey of the major earthworks at Stanwick has provided a more detailed context for the various programmes of excavation than has hitherto been published. The account also emphasizes some of the problems that remain in the interpretation of this massive and extremely complex site. The recognition of some of the later changes in the landscape, interesting in their own right, contributes significantly to our limited understanding of the prominent late prehistoric and Roman phases.

Hamilton's Ricci flow has attracted considerable attention since its introduction in 1982, owing partly to its promise in addressing the Poincaré conjecture and Thurston's geometrization conjecture. This book gives a concise introduction to the subject with the hindsight of Perelman's breakthroughs from 2002/2003. After describing the basic properties of, and intuition behind the Ricci flow, core elements of the theory are discussed such as consequences of various forms of maximum principle, issues related to existence theory, and basic properties of singularities in the flow. A detailed exposition of Perelman's entropy functionals is combined with a description of Cheeger-Gromov-Hamilton compactness of manifolds and flows to show how a 'tangent' flow can be extracted from a singular Ricci flow. Finally, all these threads are pulled together to give a modern proof of Hamilton's theorem that a closed three-dimensional manifold whichcarries a metric of positive Ricci curvature is a spherical space form.

(2000). Etton: Excavations at a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure Near Maxey, Cambridgeshire, 1982. By Francis Pryor. Archaeological Journal: Vol. 157, No. 1, pp. 472-473.

Recent discoveries on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish Border have shown that it is now possible to identify the surface remains of prehistoric cultivation without recourse to excavation. Numerous sites of very narrow ridged cultivation, generally no more than 1.4 m between the centre of the furrows and now known as cord rig, are associated with prehistoric settlements of various types. When taken in conjunction with the many examples of demonstrably pre-Roman cultivation terraces, this has finally destroyed the concept of a predominantly pastoral economy believed to have been practised in much of the Tyne-Forth area. It is now apparent that arable regimes formed a significant part of the local economy and that the currency of the myth of the footloose Celtic cowboy is at an end. This paper concentrates upon Northumberland. A more complete description of the Scottish material will be produced by S. Halliday.

O UR PURPOSE iS to survey recent work by Greek scholars on their national history from 1453 to 1914. We shall be concerned principally with the work of the past decade, but shall have occasion to notice a number of publications of the 1930's and 1940's. We shall first consider the research on the Tourkokratia, as the Greeks invariably designate the long era of the Ottoman domination. (In central and southern Greece the Turkish occupation lasted from about 1453 to 1821; in northern Greece and the islands it began in some areas before, in others after 1453 and lasted till 1881 [Thessaly] or the time of the Balkan wars.) We shall next survey the writings on the war of independence and the presidency of Count Capodistrias (1821-31) and finally the work on the reigns of Otho (1833-62) and George I (1863-1913). There are as yet very few works attempting to cover the Tourkokratia as a whole. One is the composite volume by fifteen contributors which the Athenian review, L'Helle'nisme contemporain, published in Greek and French editions on May 29, 1953, to mark the five-hundreth anniversary of the Turkish capture of Constantinople.' It is a disappointing volume. Certain subjects, like the legal and political condition of the Greeks, and church architecture and painting, are adequately treated. But as the editors themselves confess, there are no contributions on such important

establishment of a national archives system in Greece resulted from the initiative of a gifted amateur historian, Giannes Vlachogiannes (i 867-1 945), and from the sympathetic support of the brilliant statesman, Elef therios Venizelos, who, when he was out of office late in life, used his leisure to translate Thucydides. The General State Archives (Genika Archeia tou Kratous) began to function in Athens in temporary quarters in 191 5, and Vlachogiannes, the first director, remained in charge until 1936. Despite a pitifully small budget and grossly inadequate space and staff, the General Archives has managed to collect and preserve a considerable quantity of historical papers, both public and private. The revolutionary governments of Greece and the administration of Count Kapodistrias (1 821-31) kept their accumulating papers in excellent state. But during the reign of the first "King of the Hellenes,'* the Bavarian prince Otho (1832-62), while current records were preserved, the older archives were confided to the care of the Audit Department {Elengtikon Synedrion), which either neglected or dispersed them. Moreover, the mass of manuscripts and documents which Otho's government obtained from the many monasteries it dissolved suffered a like fate at the Ministry of Public Instruction, to whose care they had been entrusted. The governmental authorities during the long reign of George I (186319 13) were generally indifferent to the need of preserving past collections or establishing a national archives service. Nor did the learned societies show any greater concern. In 1893 the Audit Department, in need of space, decided to sell the revolutionary archives and other materials as waste paper at public auction. A quantity of paper estimated at between twenty and thirty thousand okas

In a circuit for indicating reception of stereo signals (for use in e.g. a radio tuner or television) audio signals prevailing in the left (L) and right (R) output channels are applied to respective limiting circuit and the output signals derived are fed to OR gate. When a monoaural signal is detected, the signals in the two output channels will be in coincidence and so the output from the exclusive OR gate remains low. When stereo signals are detected, however, a finite phase difference exists between the two signals and the output for the OR gate is correspondingly high. A Schmitt trigger drives an LED display whenever the output from the OR gate exceeds a preset threshold level to provide an indication that a stereo signal is being reproduced. A capacitor/resistor circuit imposes a time delay on level changes at gate so that the LED display remains illuminated, even during momentary interruptions of the audio signal.

Archaeological documentation on the Jablines sector in Seine-et-Marne has grown in recent years, thanks to archaeological mitigation and several contemporary and functionally complementary sites have been discovered. They range from the end of the 5th to the 3rd millennium. An unpublished synthesis of a little over twenty lithic assemblages makes it possible to put into perspective the use of raw materials, artefact production, reduction techniques, and to identify the producers' objectives. The study of workshops associated with domestic settlements, but still located outside the mining sector, showed against all expectations that they are axeheads producing sites. In particular, they delivered axe blanks and shaping chips, which may indicate the existence of secondary centres of axe production.. Workshops are interfaces between extraction sites and consumer sites. There has been an evolution, over time, in the quality of axehead production and in the objectives of production cutting objectives. These variations undoubtedly highlight a transformation in the relationship between producers and consumers., La documentation archéologique sur le secteur de Jablines en Seine-et-Marne s’est accumulée ces dernières années grâce à l’archéologie préventive et plusieurs sites contemporains et fonctionnellement complémentaires ont été mis au jour. Ils s’échelonnent de la fin du Ve au IIIe millénaire. Une synthèse inédite d’un peu plus d’une vingtaine de séries lithiques permet de mettre en perspective les matières premières, les productions, les techniques de taille et d’identifier les objectifs des producteurs. L’étude d’ateliers associés à des occupations domestiques, mais toujours installés à l’extérieur de la minière a montré contre toute attente qu’il s’agit de sites producteurs, intermédiaires, de haches. Les ateliers sont des interfaces entre les sites d’extraction et les sites consommateurs. On remarque une évolution de la qualité de la production des haches et des objectifs du débitage au cours du temps. Ces variations mettent sans doute en évidence une transformation des relations entre tailleurs et consommateurs.