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This article explores some of the findings from a work-in-progress project that I began working on in 2020 to investigate the retrospective memories of 1980s British audiences surrounding viewing films classified either 15 or 18 by the BBFC, while the participants were underage. I question the so-called victims of censorship that have matured into their 40s and are no longer at the mercy of parents or the classifications of the BBFC in order to investigate the retrospective memories of these adults who were once participating in forbidden viewings as children in the 1980s. This article explores Annette Kuhn’s idea that for audiences, the movie fades from memory to make way for more movies, but it is the life experiences that stay with the viewer. By focusing on underage viewers and films that had been deemed unsuitable for their age, I hope to review Kuhn’s claim, by resituating the film itself as the prominent memory – a memory not replaced by many decades of movie watching since. This article outlines the methodology for the project, before turning to a discussion of participants’ memories of interrupted film viewings. In exploring the dichotomy between memories of viewing conditions and memories of the film themselves, this article then considers memories of the horror genre (and terrifying scenes in other genres), and also the issues of watching sex in films, and the impact of parental restrictions, or watching while with parents.

Case report and literature review.Aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence base behind subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy (SPAM) including the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and etiology.SPAM is a rare, potentially fatal disorder which is not attributable to ongoing mechanical instability, syrinx formation, or iatrogenic causes.A systematic literature search on SPAM was performed on Medline, Ovid, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases between 1969 and 2021. Cases were reviewed and the findings summarized. Further evidence was reviewed to support the hypothesis that disruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation is the underlying etiology of the condition.It is estimated to occur in 0.4%-0.7% of spinal cord injuries and may have a mortality of up to 10%. The most likely etiology disruption of CSF circulation leading to further damage to the spinal cord presumably through pressure mediated effects such as a reduction in cellular perfusion.There is effectively no treatment of this condition, however, with interest developing in monitoring of CSF pressures during spinal cord injury this may help confirm the etiology, and allow the suggestion of therapies such as drains or expansion duraplasty to reduce spinal cord pressures.Level II-case report and systematic review.

The coordination chemistry of N-functionalised cyclam ligands has a rich history, yet cyclam derivatives with pendant alkynes are largely unexplored. This is despite the significant potential and burgeoning application of N-propargyl cyclams and related compounds in the creation of diversely functionalised cyclam derivatives via copper-catalysed azide-alkyne 'click' reactions. Herein we describe single crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic investigations of the coordination chemistry of copper(ii) complexes of cyclam derivatives with between 1 and 4 pendant alkynes. The crystal structures of these copper complexes unexpectedly reveal a range of coordination modes, and the surprising occurrence of five unique complexes within a single recrystallisation of the tetra-N-propargyl cyclam ligand. One of these species exhibits weak intramolecular copper-alkyne coordination, and another is formed by a surprising intramolecular copper-mediated hydroalkoxylation reaction with the solvent methanol, transforming one of the pendant alkynes to an enol ether. Multiple functionalisation of the tetra-N-propargyl ligand is demonstrated via a 'tetra-click' reaction with benzyl azide, and the copper-binding behaviour of the resulting tetra-triazole ligand is characterised spectroscopically. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Oxides of the form ABO4 with A = K, Rb, Cs and B = Ru and Os have been synthesized and characterized by diffraction and magnetic techniques. For A = K the oxides adopted the tetragonal (I41/a) sche...

Although there is much contention around the role of settlers in reconciliation [Maddison, S., Clark, T., & de Costa, R. (2016). The limits of settler colonial reconciliation: Non-Indigenous people...

The Altar Stone at Stonehenge in Wiltshire, UK, is enigmatic in that it differs markedly from the other bluestones. It is a grey–green, micaceous sandstone and has been considered to be derived from the Old Red Sandstone sequences of South Wales. Previous studies, however, have been based on presumed derived fragments (debitage) that have been identified visually as coming from the Altar Stone. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyses were conducted on these fragments (ex situ) as well as on the Altar Stone (in situ). Light elements (ZZ elements, including Zr, Nb, Sr, Pb, Th and U, all occupy the same compositional space in the Altar Stone and debitage fragments, and are statistically indistinguishable, indicating the fragments are derived from the Altar Stone. Barium compares very closely between the debitage and Altar Stone, with differences being related to variable baryte distribution in the Altar Stone, limited accessibility of its surface for analysis, and probably to surface weathering.A notable feature of the Altar Stone sandstone is the presence of baryte (up to 0.8 modal%), manifest as relatively high Ba in both the debitage and the Altar Stone. These high Ba contents are in marked contrast with those in a small set of Old Red Sandstone field samples, analysed alongside the Altar Stone and debitage fragments, raising the possibility that the Altar Stone may not have been sourced from the Old Red Sandstone sequences of Wales. This high Ba ‘fingerprint’, related to the presence of baryte, may provide a rapid test using pXRF in the search for the source of the Stonehenge Altar Stone.

We aim to delineate whether there is increased blood loss with the use of cannulated pedicle screws compared to solid pedicle screws in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion. A single-centre retrospective case-control study was undertaken on patients undergoing PSF for spinal fractures. Cannulated screw fixation was compared with solid screw fixation. Intraoperative blood loss was estimated using pre and postoperative haemoglobin levels, recorded estimated blood loss and cell saver reports. Anticoagulation, blood product administration, operative time and number of levels fused were assessed. A total of 64 cases, 32 in each cohort, were included in the analysis. Overall mean haemoglobin reduction from pre- to post-operative was 2.82 ± 1.85 g/L per screw inserted in the cannulated group, compared to a haemoglobin decrease of 2.81 ± 1.521 g/L per screw inserted in the solid screw group (p = 0.971). Total estimated intraoperative blood loss was 616.3 + 355.4 mL in the cannulated group, compared to 713.6 + 473.5 mL in the solid screw group (p = 0.456). Patients with preoperative thrombocytopenia had a transfusion rate of 0.5 ± 0.71 units/patient compared to 0.04 ± 0.19 units/patient in patients with normal platelet levels (p < 0.005). The differences in blood loss observed between cannulated and solid pedicle screws are non-significant overall. The largest predictor for need of transfusion was pre-operative thrombocytopenia, regardless of the type of screw used.

Due to similar coordination chemistry of palladium and platinum, a large number of palladium compounds as well have been investigated for their anticancer activity. In the present study, we describe synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of palladium complex [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)], coded as NH3 against seven different cancer cell lines. NH3 is found to have higher antitumor activity than cisplatin against both parent ovarian A2780 cell line and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Also, NH3 has the lower IC50 value in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. The higher antitumor activity of NH3 is due to the presence of bulky 8-Hydroxyquinoline ligand, thus reducing its reactivity. Proteomic study has identified significantly expressed proteins which have been validated through bioinformatics. NH3 has been found to be less toxic than cisplatin at 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg dosages on mice models. Binary combinations of NH3 with curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have demonstrated dose and sequence-dependent synergism in ovarian and colorectal cancer models. All of the preclinical studies indicate promising therapeutic potential of NH3 [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)] as an anticancer drug.

Chemical investigation of an undescribed Australian fungus, Aspergillus nanangensis, led to the identification of the nanangenines – a family of seven new and three previously reported drimane sesquiterpenoids. The structures of the nanangenines were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis supported by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compounds were assayed for in vitro activity against bacteria, fungi, mammalian cells and plants. Bioinformatics analysis, including comparative analysis with other acyl drimenol-producing Aspergilli, led to the identification of a putative nanangenine biosynthetic gene cluster that corresponds to the proposed biosynthetic pathway for nanangenines.

It has been proposed that ‘the star’ is a social phenomenon, image and sign. Using this theory, I conduct a content analysis of the Instagram posts made by two stars of the Fast and Furious...

Artificial receptors that recognise anionic species vianoncovalent interactions have a wide range of biomedical, industrial and environmental applications. A major challenge in this area of research is to achieve high affinity and selective anion binding in aqueous media. So far, only a few examples of receptors capable of strong (> 105M-1) anion binding in solutions containing > 50% water are available and none show selectivity for chloride. We report here the discovery of a D4h-symmetric fluorinated tetraurea macrocycle that fulfils this function owing to its unique self-assembly properties. The macrocycle has a strong tendency to self-associate into columnar aggregates viaintermolecular hydrogen bonds and aromatic stacking. In aqueous solutions, macrocycle aggregation generates hydrophobic and size-selective binding pockets favourable for hydrogen bonding with chloride. As a result, micromolar affinity and highly selective chloride binding has been achieved with this simple small molecule (MW < 700) in 60 vol% water/acetonitrile.

Smartphones and their associated applications are used frequently by patients and clinicians alike. Despite the technology being widely accessible, their use to aid in rehabilitation is yet to be adopted. The SARS CoV-2 pandemic has presented an opportunity to expedite their integration given the difficulty patients currently have in accessing healthcare. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review on the use of smartphone rehabilitation applications compared to standard physiotherapy for back pain. We conducted a search of Medline/Pubmed and google databases using the search terms [APP] AND [[Orthopaedic] OR [Neurosurgery]], following the PRISMA guidelines. All prospective studies investigating rehabilitation applications for back pain or following spine surgery were included. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria which investigated 7636 patients, of which 92.4% were allocated to the interventional group (n = 7055/7636) with a follow up of 4 weeks to 6 months. All except one study reported on patients experiencing back pain on average for 19.6 ± 11.6 months. The VAS-pain score was presented in all studies without significance between the interventional and control group (p = 0.399 before and p = 0.277 after intervention). Only one research group found significantly higher improvement in PROMs for the application group, whereas the remaining showed similar results compared to the control group. Using application-based rehabilitation programs provides an easily accessible alternative or substitute to traditional physiotherapy for patients with back pain. Given that smartphones are so prevalent in activities in our daily lives, this will enhance and improve rehabilitation if patients are self-dedicated and compliant.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles can achieve higher efficiencies than an equivalent steam Rankine cycle at higher turbine inlet temperatures (>550 °C) with a compact footprint (tenfold). sCO2 cycles are low-pressure ratio cycles (~4–7), therefore recuperation is necessary, which reduces the heat-addition temperature range. Integration of sCO2 cycles with the boiler requires careful management of low-temperature heat to achieve higher plant efficiency. This study analyses four novel sCO2 cycle configurations which capture the low-temperature heat in an efficient way and the performance is benchmarked against the state-of-the-art steam Rankine cycle. The process parameters (13–16 variables) of all the cycle configurations are optimised using a genetic algorithm for two different turbine inlet temperatures (620 °C and 760 °C) and their techno-economic performance are compared against the advanced ultra-supercritical steam Rankine cycle. A sCO2 power cycle can achieve a higher efficiency than a steam Rankine cycle by about 3–4% points, which is correspond to a plant level efficiency of 2–3% points, leading to cost of electricity (COE) reduction. Although the cycle efficiency has increased when increasing turbine inlet temperature from 620 °C to 760 °C, the COE does not notably reduce owing to the increased capital cost. A detailed sensitivity study is performed for variations in compressor and turbine isentropic efficiency, pressure drop, recuperator approach temperature and capacity factor. The Monte-Carlo analysis shows that the COE can be reduced up to 6–8% compared to steam Rankine cycle, however, the uncertainty of the sCO2 cycle cost functions can diminish this to 0–3% at 95% percentile cumulative probability.

An optical bench setup for quantum efficiency (QE) measurements across the 350 nm to 1100 nm range has been developed at the Open University’s Centre for Electronic Imaging (CEI). Here we use it to measure the performance of a monolithic silicon CMOS image sensor (CIS), the CIS115. This sensor was selected for the JANUS camera, due to launch on board ESA’s JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft in 2022. The CIS115 sensors tested here have high quantum efficiency (QE) over the optical band, due to their backside illumination and multi-layer anti-reflective coating.\ud \ud Here we validate the QE measurements against manufacturer reported performance and compare the QE for unirradiated (beginning of life) and gamma-irradiated devices, indicating that no significant change in performance should be expected after a total ionizing dose (TID) of 200 krad(Si). This is important for the JANUS application, where the sensor is predicted to accumulate up to 44 krad(Si) TID. We also demonstrate that the measurement setup has excellent repeatability.\ud \ud We conclude by discussing the limitations of the setup, including the key systematic error sources that have been understood and investigated. Optional improvement to the setup for reducing these errors are presented and will be considered for follow-on activities.

Due to similar coordination chemistry of palladium and platinum, a large number of palladium compounds too have been investigated for their anticancer activity. In the present study we describe synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of palladium complex [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)], coded as NH3 against seven different cancer cell lines. NH3 is found to have higher antitumour activity than cisplatin against both parent ovarian A2780 cell line and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Also, NH3 has the lowest IC50 value against HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. The higher antitumour activity of NH3 is due to the presence of bulky 8-hydroxy-quinoline ligand thus reducing its reactivity. Proteomic study has identified significantly expressed proteins which have been validated through bioinformatics. NH3 has been found to be less toxic than cisplatin at 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg dosages on mice models. Binary combinations of NH3 with curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have demonstrated dose and sequence dependent synergism in ovarian and colorectal cancer models. All of the preclinical studies indicate promising therapeutic potentiality of NH3 [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II) ] as an anticancer drug.

The solar tower and parabolic trough aided coal-fired power generation has been demonstrated as a promising technology and has potential advantages in utilisation of solar energy in a cost-effective manner. Due to introduction of solar energy, from the solar tower or parabolic troughs, increases to a certain extent, the steam temperature would be difficult to maintain and leads to safety concerns. Therefore, the limitation of integrated solar energy, considering the overlapped influence of different solar energy input, needs to be well identified and managed. This work considered a 600 MWe integrated system as an example. Solar energy from parabolic troughs is used in the preheater while energy from the solar tower is used to reheat steam. The novelty of this study is the interaction of different solar energy input in fossil plants and its benefits is revealed for the first time. The maximum absorbed solar energy, considering the mutual effects of introduced solar energy flows, are explored. Then the system performance under three different loads (100%, 75%, 50%) and hourly operational performance in four typical days are analysed. The paper shows that the feed-water extraction results in the enhancement of maximum solar energy absorbed by reheat steam extraction, is improved by 24.2 MWth (28.5%), 11.5 MWth (20.0%), and 5.6 MWth (14.3%) as feed-water extraction percentages increase at the three load conditions. As a result, the minimum standard coal consumption rates are improved by 13.2 g/kWh (5.2%), 10.7 (4.1%) g/kWh and 9.0 g/kWh (3.1%) respectively. In four typical days, the highest coal consumption reduction is reached in the summer solstice, which is 266.6-tonne, 202.8-tonne and 131.4-tonne under three different loads, while the highest coal consumption is obtained in the winter solstice.