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This article proposes an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) framework to develop a highly-customizable cross platform ERP system. The framework is focused on separating the infrastructure code from the business code so that it can support various client and server platforms. It also has a great possibility to extend embedded functionalities with reusable components. With the data access layer separation concept, this system offers great integration with customer reporting systems.

This paper proposes a heat load modeling algorithm taking into account the control function of the supply water temperature and the control function of the required indoor temperature. The main advantage is easy simulation of the heat load for new control strategies.

This article proposes a tool for testing .NET applications without the need to preconfigure the target application. By using this tool, the user can visualize and control application code in an intuitive and understandable way. The tool also has features to collect statistics from code execution to help understand how the code behaves. All this leads to significantly reduced time spent during the coding and testing phases of software application development, especially for legacy applications in which techniques like TDD (test driven development) or Unit testing are not possible.

This paper proposes a new tool and methodology for sharing code snippets or complete projects with students. The tool is based on an industry standard version control system. The proposed tool and methodology is easy to use and does not require any previous knowledge. Experiments will be run with students in programming courses to evaluate this tool.

This paper proposes a study focused on Automatic Adaptive Support materials for students in the tuition of programming courses. The support materials, based on real-time build and runtime statistics, include suggestions for successful solutions to similar errors and tasks. A methodology and an extension for a selected Integrated Development Environment is proposed and experiments will be run with students in programming courses to evaluate this tool.

This article proposes a tool for generating a universal view for ViewModel from Model–View–ViewModel software architectural pattern. In software development processes, it sometimes happens that developers spend a lot of time preparing mockup views for themselves or for quality assurance purposes to provide an option to test implemented features. These mockups are later replaced by a final user interface, so the time spent preparing them is wasted. The aim of this work is to create a tool which will help software engineers to present and test their codes without additional effort.

Software companies such as Microsoft periodically release new versions of the .NET framework and C# language suites. New features are introduced in each of these new releases. Currently, there is little or no empirical analysis of the adoption of .NET framework and C# programming language features and studies on how successfully those features are accepted by the community. The aim of this work is to create a set of long term statistics about the use of the new .NET and C# language features across existing popular libraries.

This work proposes a study focused on Continuous Integration (CI) tools in teaching programming courses as well as for automatically grading student assignments. There are many automatic grading tools for students' programming assignments which share most of their functionalities with CI tools. We would like to provide a methodology on how to implement this tool in teaching programming languages. We will evaluate and compare common CI tools and run experiments with students in programming courses.

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 9-unsubstituted 2-, 6-, and 8-halopurine bases with diverse aryl- and alkenylboronic acids in water-acetonitrile mixtures under microwave irradiation was used for the single-step synthesis of arylpurines. In most cases the product crystallized directly from the reaction mixture in high yields and good purity. The scope and limitations of these reactions were studied.

An expeditious and highly efficient single-step methodology for the introduction of a phenylalanine moiety into position 8 and 6 of the purine scaffold was developed based on aqueous-phase Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of unprotected 4-boronophenylalanine with 8-bromo- or 6-chloropurines. The scope of the methodology was demonstrated by syntheses of unprotected (adenin-8-yl)phenylalanine base, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleoside triphosphates as well as (purin-6-yl)phenylalanine base and nucleosides. All these products were obtained in high yields and in optically pure form.

Permafrost-affected soils in the Northern latitudes store huge amounts of organic carbon (OC) that is prone to microbial degradation and subsequent release of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere. In Greenland, the consequences of permafrost thaw have only recently been addressed, and predictions on its impact on the carbon budget are thus still highly uncertain. However, the fate of OC is not only determined by abiotic factors, but closely tied to microbial activity. We investigated eight soil profiles in northeast Greenland comprising two sites with typical tundra vegetation and one wet fen site. We assessed microbial community structure and diversity (SSU rRNA gene tag sequencing, quantification of bacteria, archaea and fungi), and measured hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme activities. Sampling site and thus abiotic factors had a significant impact on microbial community structure, diversity and activity, the wet fen site exhibiting higher potential enzyme activities and presumably being a hot spot for anaerobic degradation processes such as fermentation and methanogenesis. Lowest fungal to bacterial ratios were found in topsoils that had been relocated by cryoturbation (“buried topsoils”), resulting from a decrease in fungal abundance compared to recent (“unburied”) topsoils. Actinobacteria (in particular Intrasporangiaceae) accounted for a major fraction of the microbial community in buried topsoils, but were only of minor abundance in all other soil horizons. It was indicated that the distribution pattern of Actinobacteria and a variety of other bacterial classes was related to the activity of phenol oxidases and peroxidases supporting the hypothesis that bacteria might resume the role of fungi in oxidative enzyme production and degradation of phenolic and other complex substrates in these soils. Our study sheds light on the highly diverse, but poorly-studied communities in permafrost-affected soils in Greenland and their role in OC degradation.

Turbic Cryosols (permafrost soils characterized by cryoturbation, i.e., by mixing of soil layers due to freezing and thawing) are widespread across the Arctic, and contain large amounts of poorly decomposed organic material buried in the subsoil. This cryoturbated organic matter exhibits retarded decomposition compared to organic material in the topsoil. Since soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is known to be tightly linked to N availability, we investigated N transformation rates in different soil horizons of three tundra sites in north-eastern Siberia and Greenland. We measured gross rates of protein depolymerization, N mineralization (ammonification) and nitrification, as well as microbial uptake of amino acids and NH4+ using an array of 15N pool dilution approaches. We found that all sites and horizons were characterized by low N availability, as indicated by low N mineralization compared to protein depolymerization rates (with gross N mineralization accounting on average for 14% of gross protein depolymerization). The proportion of organic N mineralized was significantly higher at the Greenland than at the Siberian sites, suggesting differences in N limitation. The proportion of organic N mineralized, however, did not differ significantly between soil horizons, pointing to a similar N demand of the microbial community of each horizon. In contrast, absolute N transformation rates were significantly lower in cryoturbated than in organic horizons, with cryoturbated horizons reaching not more than 32% of the transformation rates in organic horizons. Our results thus indicate a deceleration of the entire N cycle in cryoturbated soil horizons, especially strongly reduced rates of protein depolymerization (16% of organic horizons) which is considered the rate-limiting step in soil N cycling., Highlights • N turnover in cryoturbated Arctic soils measured by isotope pool dilution assays. • Protein depolymerization strongly exceeds NH4+ and NO3− production rates. • Microbial N use efficiency indicates N limitation in Siberian sampling sites. • Deceleration of microbial N transformation rates by cryoturbation.

Single-step aqueous cross-coupling reactions of nucleobase-halogenated 2'-deoxynucleosides (8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine, 7-iodo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine, or 5-iodo-2'-deoxy-uridine) or their 5'-triphosphates with 4-boronophenylalanine or 4-ethynylphenylalanine have been developed and used for efficient synthesis of modified 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) bearing amino acid groups. These dNTPs were then tested as substrates for DNA polymerases for construction of functionalized DNA through primer extension and PCR. While 8-substituted adenosine triphosphates were poor substrates for DNA polymerases, the corresponding 7-substituted 7-deazaadenine and 5-substituted uracil nucleotides were efficiently incorporated in place of dATP or dTTP, respectively, by Pwo (Pyrococcus woesei) DNA polymerase. Nucleotides bearing the amino acid connected through the less bulky acetylene linker were incorporated more efficiently than those directly linked through a more bulky phenylene group. In addition, combinations of modified dATPs and dTTPs were incorporated by Pwo polymerase. Novel functionalized DNA duplexes bearing amino acid moieties were prepared by this two-step approach. PCR can be used for amplification of duplexes bearing large number of modifications, while primer extension is suitable for introduction of just one or several modifications in a single DNA strand. published

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 9-unsubstituted 2-, 6-, and 8-halopurine bases with diverse aryl- and alkenylboronic acids in water-acetonitrile mixtures under microwave irradiation was used for the single-step synthesis of arylpurines. In most cases the product crystallized directly from the reaction mixture in high yields and good purity. The scope and limitations of these reactions were studied.

An efficient single-step synthesis of optically pure (adenin-8-yl)phenylalanine nucleosides, a new type of purine amino acid conjugate, by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of unprotected 8-bromoadenosines with4-(borono)phenylalanine was developed.

[Chemical reaction: See text] Enantiomerically or diastereomerically pure 4-(purin-6-yl)phenylalanines, a novel type of stable amino acid-purine conjugates, were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of protected 4-boronophenylalanines or 4-(trimethylstanyl)phenylalanines with diverse 6-halopurines (9-benzyl-6-halopurines and 9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-6-halopurines as well as acyl- and silyl-protected 6-halopurine ribonucleosides and 2-deoxyribonucleosides). Free purine bases and nucleosides bearing (S)- or (R)-phenylalanine in position 6 were obtained after complete deprotection of the products of cross-coupling reactions. Reactivity trends for both of these cross-coupling and deprotection protocols have been compared in terms of practicability, efficiency, and stereoselectivity.

Purines bearing carbon substituents attached to carbon atoms of purine ring (positions 2, 6 and/or 8) are of great interest due to potential applications in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are a powerful tool [1] for the synthesis of these compounds but, in most cases, were only used for an introduction of simple unfunctionalized alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and hetaryl substituents. An extension of this methodology to introduction of functionalized C-substituents, is a very challenging target. One of the prominent functionalized substituents of high biological relevance is an amino acid residue. Our goal is to develop approaches towards the synthesis of a novel class of compounds: carbon-carbon linked conjugates of amino acids and purines. We have developed a facile and efficient synthesis of two classes of purines with amino acid attached in position 6 of purine scaffold, (purin-6-yl)alanines [2] and (purin-6yl)phenylalanines.[3] These derivatives were prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 6-halopurines with organometallic reagents based on protected amino acid residue. Conditions of cross-coupling reactions were optimized to avoid racemization in cases when enantiopure amino acid reagents were used. Final complete deprotection of the products was performed under mild conditions in order to prevent racemization or cleavage of acidolabile nucleosidic bonds. We obtained free purine bases, purine nucleosides and 9alkylated purines bearing free amino acid in position 6.