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The globalisation of law is determining a more evident differentiation than in past years. The rule of law reveals Kelsen's authority. If the social norm is introduced in the values of social and political life, the globalization of law increases the instance of a global law and it produces a great emancipation of all social habits. However, the globalization of law also induces one more key aspect specified by Francesco Galgano: Kelsen's law becomes the platform of global operating system. There are programs and files that compose what Galgano clearly defines the catalogue for right shopping. The globalization of law is the triumph of the socio-political skill in the slalom between the poles of the law and to obtain the desired asset. So, how can we configure the successful construction of the concept of corruption in legal sense, in political science and in sociology? In this paper, we analyse the uncertainty space that sees the creation of that power that no system has ever recognized. We will overview go from the Enron case until the white collars described by Wright Mills or Crozier and we provide a more systemic and not merely value based conception of corruption. La mondialisation du droit détermine une différentiation fonctionnelle de la norme plus prononcée que par le passé. La norme juridique dévoile toute son autorité kelsenienne. Si la norme sociale est introduite dans les valeurs de la vie sociale et politique, la mondialisation de la loi produit une profonde émancipation de toutes les habitudes sociales. Toutefois, cette mondialisation introduit aussi un autre aspect indiqué par Francesco Galgano : la loi kelsenienne devient la plate-forme du système de fonctionnement global. Des logiciels et des fichiers composent ce que Galgano a clairement défini comme « le catalogue pour faire de bons achats ». La mondialisation de la loi est le triomphe du savoir-faire socio-politique entre les pôles de la loi et l’obtention des actifs souhaités. Comment pouvons-nous alors configurer une construction efficace du concept de corruption du point de vue juridique, sociologique et de la science politique ? Dans cet article, les auteurs analysent l’espace d’incertitude lié à la création du pouvoir qu’aucun système n’a jamais reconnu. L’article offre une vue d’ensemble à partir de l’affaire Enron jusqu’aux cols blancs décrits par Wright Mills et Crozier et apporte une approche systémique du phénomène de corruption. La globalizzazione del diritto conduce ad un processo di differenziazione funzionale della norma più marcato rispetto al passato: la norma giuridica rivela tutta la sua gelida potenza kelseniana e la sua intrinseca razionalità law & economics nel fissare standard e la norma sociale si rivela come leva ehrlichiana ribollente di costumi, passioni e valori di tipo sociale, ma anche politico. La globalizzazione del diritto porta con sé l’istanza di un diritto globale kelseniano ed isotropico ed al contempo una grande emancipazione de-regolativa dai costumi e dalle convenzioni sociali: da qui la sociologia del sistema giuridico di Luhmann che espunge l’essere umano in carne ed ossa dal sistema giuridico così come i valori, l’etica e la morale vengono considerate solo mere eruzioni di soggettività. In questo scenario, dunque, come si configura la costruzione positiva del concetto di corruzione in senso giuridico, politologico e sociologico dal caso Enron fino al più frustrato colletto bianco descritto da Wright Mills o Crozier che, in ogni spazio d’incertezza, vede la chance di crearsi un potere che nessun ordinamento gli ha mai riconosciuto?

In this work, we focus on the idea of identity strictly linked to the idea of citizenship. It is the subject of a profound revision and an innovative proposal. Due to globalisation, global citizenship and global identity are currently the object of an attempt at a profound re-elaboration in light of the new contemporary scenarios globalisation has generated. This study provides a reading of and an important step toward cosmopolitan sociology as a paradigm, methodology, and working style, although it still implies the fight against zombie concepts – 'culture' and 'identity', according to Beck – replaced, for instance, by memetics and evolutionary contingency. We propose the critical concept of European citizenship, open to the idea of a European political and cultural space, where we seek to identify, at least roughly, the object, the spatial continuum, and the subjective profiles of an evolving identity, the European identity, until an elaborate attempt at innovation. Our starting point is the growing awareness that the ideas of world citizenship and European citizenship constitute the most desirable solution. It is not free from problematic elements, which, from our point of view, belong to three sets of issues that we have identified as the focus of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the paradigm that a smart city is a part of the intellectual framework of second-order cybernetics and considers social communication in terms of the management and use of different data channels. Planning as a political practice is replaced by environmentally-behavioral control, in which subjectivity is articulated above-individually (permeating the city with sensitive nodes) and infra-individually (transforming citizens into sensitive nodes). This leads us to the research question: how to focus on the social relations and processes of the smart urbanization which are based on the second order cybernetic approach? The smart city is understood as a complex mechanism, where one begins to realize the often-unintended human, environmental, social and economic consequences of a technological and engineering-led approach. The latest thinking and smart urban projects are aimed at comprehending smart and/or sustainable infrastructure as a network between places and people in order to create a more sustainable, healthy and resilient future for different groups of citizens (from young people to seniors). Municipality strategies need to address global socio-economic factors, processes of innovation with new technology, constant adaptation in public and private sector organisations and the diversity of qualified resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since, Vilfredo Pareto formulated what later became Pareto’s principle (also referred to as the 80/20 or 90/10 principle, see Koch [2008. The 80/20 Principle: The Secret to Achieving More with Less. New York: Doubleday] and Kiyosaki [2011. Rich Dad's Guide to Investing: What the Rich Invest In, That the Poor and Middle Class Do Not!. Jackson: Perseus Distribution] for example), which emphasizes the importance of empowering innovation not by improving the new just for the new’s sake but by reducing obsolescence. For example, some studies (Pitasi, A., & Ferone, E. (2008). Il tempo zero del desiderio. Milano: McGraw-Hill) have shown that a Roger’s innovation cycle (R) can improve its speed (S) by cutting Williamson’s transactional costs (W) as much as possible, i.e. S = R/W. This paper focuses on a three-level analysis of the evolution of Pareto’s principle up to its ‘less is more’ version. Micro-level: It consists of dyads and/or small groups and requires a psycho-social approach, which is more micro than micro. Meso-level: It relies on middle-range studies and encompasses mainly single, specific organizations; it requires theoretical tools such as R. Macro-level: The objects in this level are national/supranational political and economic organizational notions such as Kuznets’ ccle or Schumpeter’s cycle. The sections of this paper are structured top-down, from macro to psycho-social, according to Elias’ (2010. The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Hoboken: Blackwell Publisher) concept of process. The paper is based upon the assumption that openness to change is different at each level. The aim is twofold; on one hand, the goal is to provide a better comprehension of organizational change phenomena and on the other, we aimed to develop a social practical capability to overcome the hurdles that can stop or slow down innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza is the property of Societa Italiana di Vittimologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza is the property of Societa Italiana di Vittimologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Applications of analysis of this paper can be summarized as follows: "Does public intervention produce the desired effects?"; "What works and what does not, for whom and why?"; "How are the reasons for the failure of an intervention to be confronted?". It is not always easy to answer to these questions, because the answer requires the identification of the causal link between the implementation of the intervention and the observed changes in the variables which will be affected by the intervention. We will try to do it in the following paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since, Vilfredo Pareto formulated what later became Pareto’s principle (also referred to as the 80/20 or 90/10 principle, see Koch [2008. The 80/20 Principle: The Secret to Achieving More with Less. New York: Doubleday] and Kiyosaki [2011. Rich Dad's Guide to Investing: What the Rich Invest In, That the Poor and Middle Class Do Not!. Jackson: Perseus Distribution] for example), which emphasizes the importance of empowering innovation not by improving the new just for the new’s sake but by reducing obsolescence. For example, some studies (Pitasi, A., & Ferone, E. (2008). Il tempo zero del desiderio. Milano: McGraw-Hill) have shown that a Roger’s innovation cycle (R) can improve its speed (S) by cutting Williamson’s transactional costs (W) as much as possible, i.e. S = R/W. This paper focuses on a three-level analysis of the evolution of Pareto’s principle up to its ‘less is more’ version. Micro-level: It consists of dyads and/or small groups and requires a psycho-social approach, which is more micro than micro. Meso-level: It relies on middle-range studies and encompasses mainly single, specific organizations; it requires theoretical tools such as R. Macro-level: The objects in this level are national/supranational political and economic organizational notions such as Kuznets’ ccle or Schumpeter’s cycle. The sections of this paper are structured top-down, from macro to psycho-social, according to Elias’ (2010. The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Hoboken: Blackwell Publisher) concept of process. The paper is based upon the assumption that openness to change is different at each level. The aim is twofold; on one hand, the goal is to provide a better comprehension of organizational change phenomena and on the other, we aimed to develop a social practical capability to overcome the hurdles that can stop or slow down innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]