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Within the framework of this article, examples of solving specific problems related to the flow of fluid to a well in basin conditions and the flow of groundwater in limited layers, affecting environmental pollution, are considered. The purpose of the work is to study the use of complex potentials in the study of well performance in limited areas, to describe the performance of wells in systems of production and injection wells. The research hypothesis is that under conditions of natural migration and accepted limitations, streamlines and equipotentials can play the role of impermeable boundaries and boundaries of free liquid. To construct complex flow potentials for wells in typical reservoir patterns, conformal transformation methods were used. A method for determining the permissible flow rate of a well without contamination is considered. The authors have identified the conditions for the spread of pollution in the presence of their source, which are solved based on the use of complex potentials that describe the flow.

Introduction. Soy pulp, or okara, is a soy milk by-product. It contains a complex of valuable macro- and micronutrients, including fat-soluble vitamins. Recently, there has been a growing interest in replacing synthetic antioxidants with a mix of natural tocopherols. Soy beans and their by-products contain vitamin E and therefore can be used in food production, cosmetic, etc. Study objects and methods. The present research featured soy pulp. The content of tocopherols in the soy product was determined by high performance liquid chromatography using Sigma Aldrich standards and corresponding calibration dependencies. The research also involved spectrophotometry for determining tocopherols in standard solutions followed by chromatographic separation using fluorimetric detection. Results and discussion. To determine tocopherols in the okara, the test samples were treated with hexane. The filtered solution was exposed to low temperatures, after which the phases formed by centrifugation were separated. The samples were tested for all forms of tocopherols with the exception of β- and γ-forms. The chromatographic separation of the peaks of these forms was difficult due to the fact that their structural formulas were similar and differed only in the arrangement of methyl groups, i.e. the ortho- and paraposition. As a result, it was decided to determine the sum of the β- and γ-forms, which did not affect the objectivity of the analysis, since, according to published data, the content of β-tocopherol in soy products stays within 5%. Conclusion. The proposed method for sample preparation made it possible to improve the separation of the lipid fraction, which had a positive effect on the results of the analysis. The method also determined not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative content of tocopherols in the product. This reduced the risk of malfunctioning chromatographic equipment: the method proved more economical in terms of labor and reagent use. The obtained results corresponded to the existing scientific data on the content of tocopherols in soy products. The content of tocopherols in soy okara was 109 mg%.

Grain production is a strategic element of the agricultural and food complex in Russia, which predetermines its fundamental importance in food security. The task of the increase in the level of grain yields is still urgent, despite the full satisfaction of the needs of the domestic market of Russia due to the benefits from grain exports. The authors assess the influence of the intensification processes on yield level taking into account the elimination of the influence of scale factor. During the research such statistical methods as correlation-regression and cluster were used as analysis tools. The authors revealed a pattern that a higher level of production costs per 1 hectare of grain crops provided a correspondingly higher yield. In the context of total large grain-sowing companies with an area of crops from 4 to 11 thousand hectares, a relatively high elasticity of production costs was revealed (0.87), which was higher than in the group of medium-sized companies (from 2 to 4 thousand hectares) by 0, 37 points. The scale factor had a significant influence on the intensification process and on the yield respectively. The model of the relationship between the size of cultivated areas and the yield of grain crops was qualitatively described by a parabola with a high degree of stochastic relationship. The maximum yield value was reached by a group of large grain-sowing companies with an area of crops from 5 to 10 thousand hectares, while in very large agricultural companies the yield was lower and was at the average level for the region.

The article developed a methodology for assessing the rate of reproduction of the social infrastructure of agriculture. For this, a list of indicators has been defined that characterize the rural social infrastructure of the Russian Federation for 2009-2018; their analysis was carried out and index values were determined; formulas for calculating three integral indicators have been developed, reflecting the commissioning of objects of rural social infrastructure, communal services and areas equipped with communal networks; on their basis, the rates of reproduction of the social infrastructure in the industry were calculated; recommendations on the application of the obtained data are given.

The paper studies the introduction and the most effective use of information technologies in grain economy, the largest and most important segment of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The state of this segment strongly determines the food security and the development of related agricultural areas. Information technology is presented as a fundamental factor in the increase of the competitiveness of national grain in global market, as it ensures cost optimization at all stages of the reproduction chain of the grain-product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex: from the cultivation of grain crops to logistics operations and grain delivery to international partners. There are many grain production automation areas. Geoinformation technologies are the most effective and rapidly developing area. The article examines modules that can be combined into a single information system that can be used by grain producers or as independent software systems. Within each direction, attention is paid to each area. The article aims to find the most efficient and less costly ways to increase the volume of grain production. The study found out that the automation of even one area can increase the turnover in grain production. However, this method is not less expensive. It requires various resources: financial, technical, time, and labour ones.

Dry remains of the herbal species of the plantain (Plantago major), the wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris) and the reed grass (Calamagrostis acutiflora) were used as a natural source for isolation of β- mannanase producing strains. They were isolated by using the carob gum as a single source of carbon and energy. Each chosen plant species was found to be colonized with a single dominant epiphytic group of microorganism, although the plants had been collected in the same location. Bacillus circulans was only found in P. major, Bacillus subtilis on A. vulgaris, whereas Pantoea sp. was found in C. acutiflora. Identification of the taxonomy affiliation of the isolated β-mannanase producers allowed using the formerly proposed primers for PCR cloning of β-mannanase genes previously occurred in the respective bacterial species. This approach let us cloning 330 bp fragment of β-mannanase genes from B. circulans and B. subtilis and 1000 bp fragment of β-mannanase gene from Pantoea sp. Testing the enzymatic activity of the isolated strains by staining the carob gum hydrolysis zones on the plates with Congo Red was carried out. As a result, the maximum activity was found in Pantoea sp.

The goal of the research is to determine the importance and relevance of youth labor potential management for the environmental industry, as well as to determine the factors and risks that affect the environmental management of labor potential. To conduct the study, analytical, statistical, comparative methods, the grouping method were used, an analysis of statistical data on the number and structure of youth was carried out, as well as an analysis of current trends, factors, risks that affect the management of the labor potential of youth in the environmental industry. The main modern factors are highlighted: population aging; disproportionate distribution of the number of young people by country; the quality of youth vocational training and education; high speed of development of digital technologies in the economy. The risks posed by digital technologies are considered separately: increasing environmental risks and requirements for the level of environmental management; high speed and unpredictability of changes; inconsistent employment; platform approach; the requirement for the study of new technologies; the structure of personnel needs is changing: the level of requirements more and more does not correspond to the level of young personnel, and the rate of change in requirements is changing faster than educational programs; labor automation leads to job cuts; digital autism and decline in professional social and intellectual skills; digital addiction.

The present article discusses the semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties of different competing types of indefinite noun phrases in Old High German, the earliest attested period of German. In particular, it investigates the behavior of indefinites marked by sum, ein and various interrogative-based determiners, with respect to properties considered constitutive of specific indefinites from a theoretic and cross-linguistic perspective. Upon analyzing newly retrieved corpus data, the paper shows that already at the beginning of the attestation, all marked types of indefinites in historical German violate basic conditions of specificity, understood in terms of any of the relevant notions distinguished in the literature. This result rejects previous scenarios according to which marked indefinites in historical German are correlates of specific reference and challenges the explanation of the diachronic development of ein from a numeral towards an indefinite determiner via an assumed separate, intermediate stage during which it assigns referential-specific interpretation to the noun phrase.

The studies of material and spiritual culture of the Siberian peoples are traditionally of great interest, since they expand the possibilities for determining the chronological depth of ethnic traditions and help to solve some problems of cultural contacts. This article highlights the most archaic features of wedding ceremonies of the Yakuts. The author carries out the comparative analysis of some ceremonial features of the Yakuts culture and the same features of some other peoples of Siberia. One of the most important forms of family and ritual life of the ancient custom of avoidance is considered. On the basis of archival material the author describes the functions and adherence of special rules and traditional etiquette in a ritual action. The special attention has been focused on the attributes of the ritual actions, in particular, on the fur, as personal ritual clothing. In many cases it has the magic value associated with ancient ideological representations of people, thus serving as a magic of procreator, and the women has contributed to the well-being of the family. The characteristic facial veils serve as an indicator of social status of the bride. The comparative analysis made it possible to prove that this custom has ethnocultural parallels with many Indo-Iranian and Turkic, Ugro-Samoyedic peoples.

The paper explores the complicated path the emerging public education system took in the patriarchate period spanning from 1593 to 1721. It focuses on efforts to establish educational institutions in Russia and the role of the Orthodox Church as a protector of its flock from foreign religious influence. The materials used include works on the history of the public education system, created in Pre-Petrine Russia. The methodology of the research was based on the principles of historicism, system analysis and objectivity. With the scarce number of sources, we also widely utilized the descriptive method to rebuild as a complete picture of events as possible to show how the public education system evolved in Russia in the period from 1593 to 1721. As a summary, the authors point out that the emergence of public education in Russia's patriarchal period had distinctive features. According to the authors, these comprise attempts by the Orthodox Church to pioneer its own way in matters related to the preservation of the old world order. Maneuvering their way between Greeks and Latins, first centers of religious education in Russia suffered considerable harm, and the controversies caused the expulsion of the Likhud brothers from Moscow. In addition, as early as at the end of the patriarchal period, attempts were made to confer powers of a medieval inquisition on the Moscow Academy to combat dissent in the theological community.

Questions to the methodology develop of the mathematical model constructing of the bachelor basic education, comply with requirements of the Federal national educational standards of higher vocational education (FNES HVE), are illustrated. The interconversion methodology of verbal guidelines for the basic education formation on the abstract formalized language, in this case on the discrete mathematics language, which is allowed to use the data-flow computer, is given. The pioneering stage description of the solution of the problem of the implementation of the basic education program is contained. The example of the mathematical model of the bachelor basic education of the profile "Automated information processing system and control" of the thrust 230100 "Computer science" is displayed.Освещены проблемы разработки методологии построения математической модели основной образовательной программы (ООП) бакалавриата, удовлетворяющей требованиям Федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов высшего профессионального образования (ФГОС ВПО). Дана методология перевода вербальных указаний по формированию ООП на абстрактный формализованный язык, в данном случае на язык дискретной математики, который позволяет применить ЭВМ. Содержится описание начального этапа решения задачи по реализации программы ООП. Приведен пример построения математической модели ОСП бакалавриата профиля «Автоматизированные системы обработки информации и управления» направления 230100 «Информатика и вычислительная техника».

The article presents the results of a study on the implementation of academic rights of university students (awareness of their rights, successful implementation, main difficulties and problems). The results of the survey of 1st year students were compared with those of graduate students', faculty of law. The results showed that the majority of students know the academic rights stipulated in the Federal law "On Education in the Russian Federation", but only a small part said that they managed to implement these rights in practice (3-14 % of the 1st year students and 5-11 % of the 4th year). At the same time, only a small part of their rights is used by students (10-20 %). The exception was the right to choose an educational organization: its successful implementation was indicated by 53 % of the 1st year students and 21 % of 4th year students. To change the existing situation the authors organized an activity in which university students and teachers participated in identification of ways on how to identify trends in the development of higher education and outlined ways to improve the implementation of academic rights from the standpoint of the development of students' subjectivity in four areas: improving the regulatory framework, informing students, the competencies of university employees and increasing the activity of students and student government bodies. The main areas of improvement include: informing via the university's website using a comprehensible language that students understand, conducting explanatory talks, advising, and introducing changes to the Federal and university regulatory framework, taking into account existing problems and trends in the future development of higher education.

Biological remediation of agricultural soils contaminated with oil is complicated by the presence of residual amounts of chemical plant protection products, in particular, herbicides, which, like oil, negatively affect the soil microbiome and plants. In this work, we studied five strains of bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, which exhibited a high degree of oil biodegradation (72–96%). All strains showed resistance to herbicides based on 2,4-D, imazethapyr and tribenuron-methyl, the ability to fix nitrogen, phosphate mobilization, and production of indole-3-acetic acid. The presence of pollutants affected the growth-stimulating properties of bacteria in different ways. The most promising strain P. citronellolis N2 was used alone and together with oat and lupine plants for soil remediation of oil, including herbicide-treated oil-contaminated soil. Combined contamination was more toxic to plants and soil microorganisms. Bacterization stimulated the formation of chlorophyll and suppressed the synthesis of abscisic acid and malonic dialdehyde in plant tissues. The combined use of bacteria and oat plants most effectively reduced the content of hydrocarbons in the soil (including in the presence of herbicides). The results obtained can be used to develop new methods for bioremediation of soils with polychemical pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated a library of known and novel glycyrrhizic acid (GL) conjugates with amino acids and dipeptide esters, as inhibitors of the DENV NS2B-NS3 protease. We utilized docking algorithms to evaluate the interactions of these GL derivatives with key residues (His51, Asp75, Ser135, and Gly153) within 10 Å of the DENV-2 NS2B-NS3 protease binding pocket (PDB ID: 2FOM). It was found that compounds 11 and 17 exhibited unique binding patterns, forming hydrogen bonds with Asp75, Tyr150, and Gly153. Based on the molecular docking data, conjugates 11 with L-glutamic acid dimethyl ester, 17 with β-alanine ethyl ester, and 19 with aminoethantic acid methyl ester were further demonstrated as potent inhibitors of DENV-2 NS3 protease, with IC50 values below 1 μM, using NS3-mediated cleavage assay. Compound 11 was the most potent, with EC50 values of 0.034 μM for infectivity, 0.042 μM for virus yield, and a selective index over 2000, aligning with its strong NS3 protease inhibition. Compound 17 exhibited better NS3 protease inhibition than compound 19 but showed weaker effects on infectivity and virus yield. While all compounds strongly inhibited viral infectivity post-entry, compound 19 also blocked viral entry. This study provided valuable insights into the interactions between active GL derivatives and DENV-2 NS2B-NS3 protease, offering a comprehensive framework for identifying lead compounds for further drug optimization and design as NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors against DENV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article reports a simple and straightforward approach to access thermoresponsive graft copolymers based on lactide (LA) and a methacrylic monomer, 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), using a synthesized carboxy‐functionalized trithiocarbonate‐based chain transfer agent. One protocol involves a metal‐free simultaneous synthesis through a combination of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and organic acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization, which follows first‐order kinetics. The resulting copolymers with a controlled structure exhibit remarkably narrow molecular weight distributions (Ð < 1.10). Within this framework, the self‐assembly of PHPMA‐g‐PLA graft copolymers (GCs) into nanoparticles (NPs) is demonstrated at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 wt.%, respectively. The displacement method, based on the rapid injection of the organic solvent (acetone) into an aqueous medium under vigorous stirring, produces spherical NPs such as micelles, vesicles, or non‐spherical "lumpy rods". The presence of a pseudo‐thermoresponsive segment (PHPMA) in GCs facilitates stimulus‐responsive self‐assembly behavior. Well‐defined spherical NPs—primarily vesicles of substantial size—develop upon heating above the glass transition temperature (Tg ≈35–36 °C) of the GCs in an acetone–water (80/20 wt.%) mixture. Last, specific interactions between the obtained PHPMA‐g‐PLA nano‐objects and blood proteins in human plasma are studied using isothermal calorimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]