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5. Additional file 1 of Agglomeration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases toxicological responses in vitro and in vivo

Author

Murugadoss, Sivakumar, Brassinne, Frederic, Noham Sebaihi, Petry, Jasmine, Cokic, Stevan, Landuyt, Kirsten, Lode Godderis, Mast, Jan, Lison, Dominique, Hoet, Peter, and Brule, Sybille

Abstract

Additional file 1 : Table S1. Main parameters necessary to calculate the delivered dose in vitro for different the TiO2 suspensions. Figure S1. pH vs Zeta potential curves. 17 nm TiO2 (A) and 117 nm TiO2 (B). Figure S2. Scheme of the protocol for the preparation of SA and LA from TiO2 suspensions. To obtain small (SA) and large agglomerates (LA), 17 and 117 nm TiO2 were dispersed at different pH conditions, sonicated and stabilized with BSA 0.25%. The suspensions dispersed at pH 2 were readjusted to pH 7–7.5 using 0.1 M NaOH. Figure S3. Influence of TiO2 agglomeration on cytotoxicity in vitro. WST-1 and LDH assay were used to measure the cell metabolic activity in HBE (A), Caco2 (C) and THP-1 (E) and cell viability in HBE (B) Caco2 (D) and THP1 (F) after 24 h exposure to small (SA) and large agglomerates (LA) of 17 nm and 117 nm TiO2. Data are expressed as means ± SD from three independent experiments performed in triplicates. p

Published
2020
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6. Is aggregated synthetic amorphous silica toxicologically relevant?

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/LTAP - Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCL - (SLuc) Service de biochimie médicale, Murugadoss, Sivakumar, Van Den Brûle, Sybille, Brassinne, Frederic, Sebaihi, Noham, Mejia, Jorge, Lucas, Stéphane, Petry, Jasmine, Godderis, Lode, Mast, Jan, Lison, Dominique, Hoet, Peter H., UCL - SSS/IREC/LTAP - Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCL - (SLuc) Service de biochimie médicale, Murugadoss, Sivakumar, Van Den Brûle, Sybille, Brassinne, Frederic, Sebaihi, Noham, Mejia, Jorge, Lucas, Stéphane, Petry, Jasmine, Godderis, Lode, Mast, Jan, Lison, Dominique, and Hoet, Peter H.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The regulatory definition(s) of nanomaterials (NMs) frequently uses the term 'agglomerates and aggregates' (AA) despite the paucity of evidence that AA are significantly relevant from a nanotoxicological perspective. This knowledge gap greatly affects the safety assessment and regulation of NMs, such as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). SAS is used in a large panel of industrial applications. They are primarily produced as nano-sized particles (1-100 nm in diameter) and considered safe as they form large aggregates (> 100 nm) during the production process. So far, it is indeed believed that large aggregates represent a weaker hazard compared to their nano counterpart. Thus, we assessed the impact of SAS aggregation on in vitro cytotoxicity/biological activity to address the toxicological relevance of aggregates of different sizes. RESULTS: We used a precipitated SAS dispersed by different methods, generating 4 ad-hoc suspensions with different aggregate size distributions. Their effect on cell metabolic activity, cell viability, epithelial barrier integrity, total glutathione content and, IL-8 and IL-6 secretion were investigated after 24 h exposure in human bronchial epithelial (HBE), colon epithelial (Caco2) and monocytic cells (THP-1). We observed that the de-aggregated suspension (DE-AGGR), predominantly composed of nano-sized aggregates, induced stronger effects in all the cell lines than the aggregated suspension (AGGR). We then compared DE-AGGR with 2 suspensions fractionated from AGGR: the precipitated fraction (PREC) and the supernatant fraction (SuperN). Very large aggregates in PREC were found to be the least cytotoxic/biologically active compared to other suspensions. SuperN, which contains aggregates larger in size (> 100 nm) than in DE-AGGR but smaller than PREC, exhibited similar activity as DE-AGGR. CONCLUSION: Overall, aggregation resulted in reduced toxicological activity of SAS. However, when comparing aggregates of different sizes, it

Published
2020

8. Impact of incorporated Al on the TiN/Hf[O.sub.2] interface effective work function

Author

Ka Xiong, Robertson, John, Pourtois, Geoffrey, Petry, Jasmine, and Muller, Markus

Subjects
Aluminum -- Electric properties, Hafnium -- Electric properties, Titanium -- Electric properties, Physics
Abstract

First principles calculations are used for studying the impact of Al incorporation on the effective work function of a TiN/Hf[O.sub.2] interface. The studies have shown that the shift of the work function has increased with increasing the Al concentration at the interface.

Published
2008

9. Design of a mechanism for sample approach and alignment of a metrological atomic force microscope

Author

Piot, Jan, Qian, Jun, Pirée, Hugo, Kotte, Gerard, Petry, Jasmine, Kruth, Jean-Pierre, Van Haesendonck, Chris, and Reynaerts, Dominiek

Subjects
Precision engineering, Nanometrology
Abstract

In order to obtain the high accuracy required for a metrological atomic force microscope, the sample approach mechanism meets strict specifications. The design presented in this paper offers a stiff construction, which limits the influences of floor vibrations on the measurement. Next to this, thermal considerations in the design decrease the uncertainties introduced by temperature variations of the environment. Uncertainties can also be caused by misalignment of the sample holder with respect to the measurement system of three interferometers. To limit these uncertainties, the approach mechanism provides sufficient alignment possibilities. The performance of the sample approach mechanism was evaluated by means of a finite element simulation of its dynamic stiffness. A series of experiments provide the unknown parameters to the simulation model. The dynamic stiffness lies around 395 Hz, which is sufficiently high to provide accurate measurements. ispartof: Co-Nanomet report ispartof: Nanoscale conference 2010/Co-Nanomet workshop location:Brno (Cz) date:27 Oct - 29 Oct 2010 status: published

Published
2011

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