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The tax burden on alcoholic beverages has been rising remarkably in Turkey. This policy has significantly increased tax revenue in Turkish Lira, but it has not generated more tax revenues in terms of U.S. dollars since 2013. This study estimates price and income elasticities for select alcoholic beverages using demand models and simulates the impact of changing tax policies on demand in Turkey. Results show that the cumulative effect of increasing prices will eventually decrease total tax revenue. Simulations suggest that the government should periodically reassess its tax policy to prevent bootleg drinking which results in deadly incidents and hospitalizations. No sponsor

This paper aims to investigate the effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) on carbon emissions (CO2) in the OECD area. For this purpose, a comprehensive panel data set is utilized covering the 1994–2018 period for 38 countries and a novel method of moments panel quantile regression model which allows to account for fixed effects and endogenous explanatory variables. Results suggest that the ICT, represented by the percentage of individuals using the Internet in the total population, contributes positively to CO2 emissions up to 0.40th quantile and has no effect after this level. The results imply that countries with relatively low per capita emissions are susceptible to the rebound effects, in which better energy efficiency results in increased demand for energy and ICT-related items, hence increasing carbon emissions. At this juncture, one policy idea would be to include a carbon tax into the per-unit purchase price of smartphones, tablets, smart gadgets, and any other relevant ICT items. Additionally, this legislation can assist decrease conspicuous consumption, which can be viewed as a trigger for the demand for ICT products. Additionally, these countries should encourage enterprises to invest in and employ energy-efficient technologies through tax incentives or subsidies. No sponsor

Genel olarak uluslararası ticaret faaliyet süreçlerinin her aşamasında etkinliği artırmak suretiyle ticaret maliyetlerini düşürmeyi amaçlayan politikaların oluşturulup uygulanması anlamına gelen ticaretin kolaylaştırılması yolunda atılacak adımlar tüm dünya ülkeleri için olduğu kadar Türkiye için de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma uluslararası düzeyde ülkelerde ticaretin kolaylaştırılma düzeyini ortaya koymayı amaçlayan endekslerden hareketle Türkiye’nin küresel pazarlarda rekabet gücünü artırmaya yönelik ticaret kolaylaştırıcı düzenlemelerin hangi düzeyde olduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Lojistik Performans Endeksi (LPE), Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Gelişmişlik Endeksi (BİTGE), İş Yapma Kolaylığı Endeksi (İYKE) ve Küresel Dijital ve Sürdürülebilir Ticaretin olaylaştırılması Araştırması sonuçları incelenmiş ve her bir endeksin incelediği farklı alanlar bağlamında ticaretin kolaylaştırılması yolunda Türkiye’nin bulunduğu konum irdelenmiştir. The steps that should be taken in order to facilitate trade with policy implications which aim to increase the efficiency at every process of trade activities and to decrease trade costs have great importance for all countries in the World as well as for Turkey. This study aims to determine the level of trade facilitating regulations that will increase the competitiveness of Turkey in global markets through the international indexes whose purpose is to state the trade facilitation levels of countries. In this context the results of Logistic Performance Index (LPI), Information Technologies Development Index (IDI), Ease of Doing Business Index and Global Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation Survey are analyzed and the situation of Turkey. On the way to facilitate trade is examined through the different aspects that each index targets to explore. No sponsor

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the food insecurity examining the relationship of important economic,social and natural factors with an overall food insecurity index that derived by dividing the food imports value to the sum of total exports and the net remittance inflows. Overall analysis is made by employing panel-data methods using a dataset that covers 18MENA countries and Turkey for the period of 1990-2014.Emprical results support the evidence of the harmful effect of price increases on food security. Furthermore, significance of education related variables and fresh water withdrawals indicate that the region has had benefit from nearly 30 years investment on education and intensive water exploitation, although poor water management and great waste of irrigation will most likely have negative effects on food security in the near future.

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of the food insecurity examining the relationship of important economic,social and natural factors with an overall food insecurity index that derived by dividing the food imports value to the sum of total exports and the net remittance inflows. Overall analysis is made by employing panel-data methods using a dataset that covers 18MENA countries and Turkey for the period of 1990-2014.Emprical results support the evidence of the harmful effect of price increases on food security. Furthermore, significance of education related variables and fresh water withdrawals indicate that the region has had benefit from nearly 30 years investment on education and intensive water exploitation, although poor water management and great waste of irrigation will most likely have negative effects on food security in the near future.