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A new Chinese truffle species, Tuber sinomacrosporum belongs to the Macrosporum group was illustrated and described, it is characterized by brownish-red ascoma, prosenchymatous peridium, dark brown gleba, 1(2) spored asci and large ellipsoid ascospores with 2–6 μm high reticulate-alveolate. Molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA supports this species is distinct from the known species within the Macrosporum group. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological differences between this new species and its related species are discussed.

Hydnobolites oaxacanus is described using molecular and morphological data. This new species is characterized by the whitish ascomata with orange spots, grey gleba, and 4-spored asci with ascospores of 17–45 × 15–20 µm. The new species differs from other American Hydnobolites such as H. californicum and H. cerebriformis by the number of ascospores per asci, and larger ascospore size and ornamentation. It is putatively associated with Quercus castanea in the Quercus-Pinus dry mixed forest. Photographs, descriptions, and molecular phylogeny of the ITS region are presented.

Morchella vulgaris f. atrovelutipe s M. Snabl & U. Guidori forma nov. (Fig. 3a‒d and 4) Mycobank MB#848727 Etymology:—from latin atro (= black), velutinus (= velvety) and pes (= stipe) for the velvety blackish stipe. Holotype:— ITALY (north-western Adriatic coast). Ravenna: Lido di Dante, “Pineta Ramazzotti”, 2 m asl, 44.365 716 N and 12.321 652 E, 12 April 2013, AQUI _10400 (Herbarium Mycologicum Aquilanum) Diagnosis:—Small sized ascoma with general appearance of the hymenophore typical of M. vulgaris; the stipe is densely covered with hairs forming a tomentose - velvety layer, dark brown to blackish in color. Original description:—Ascoma 60 mm high. Hymenophore 32 mm high, 30 mm wide at the widest point; irregularly ovoid, with a rounded-obtuse apex; pitted and ridged; ridges whitish to pale amber, with reddish-brown spots. Pits gray to gray-brown; irregularly shaped, deep, sometimes almost closed, opened on the stipe; short secondary ribs are also present. Stipe 25‒28 mm high; 10 mm wide; cylindrical; basally subclavate up to 15 mm wide; finely tomentose; black or dark brown. Context cartilagineous and weak; red-brown with whitish or blackish spots; 2‒3 mm thick. Sterile inner surface smooth or slightly tomentose; white in the hymenophore becoming reddish-brown in stipe. Smell fungal, slightly spermatic. Asci 125‒200 × 11‒17.5 μm; cylindrical, rounded at the apex; thin-walled; hyaline, non-amyloid. Ascospores absent. Paraphyses 45‒75 μm in length, 7.5‒12.5 μm wide; clavate, apices rounded; hyaline, contents homogeneous; thin walled; one- biseptate at the base.Acroparaphyses 80‒100 μm in length, 12.5–18.8 μm wide at the apex; cylindrical, apices capitulated, sometime dilated at the base; hyaline, contents homogeneous; thin walled; septate. Hyphae on the outer surface of the stipe cylindrical, apices rounded, 44‒87 × 10‒20 μm; septate; thin-walled with dark pigment on the wall surface; contents hyaline or dark brown. Inner stipe surface covered by spherocytes, 15‒32 μm wide; thin-walled; contents hyaline or brown. Ecology:—ascoma from a burnt pine forest on sandy soil, about 200 m from the seaside. Numerous ascomata of M. vulgaris and a few of M. esculenta without any tomentose appearance were found in the burnt site of Pineta Ramazzotti (data not shown). Comments:—The specimen Mvu39 was completely immature (no spore within ascii) but due to its peculiar characters hitherto undescribed in the literature it is here typified as a new forma of M. vulgaris (Table S1). M. vulgaris f. atrovelutipes differs from M. esculenta var. atrotomentosa described by Moser (1949) because it does not have long hairs on the sterile ridges but acroparaphyses (not described by Moser) very different in shape and size. However, the outer surface of the stem of both taxa has a velvety layer consisting of septate hyphae containing dark-brownish pigments., Published as part of Snabl, Martin, Guidori, Urbano, Gianchino, Carmelo, Leonardi, Marco, Zambonelli, Alessandra & Iotti, Mirco, 2023, New insights on post-fire morels (Morchella spp.) in Italy, pp. 280-290 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 284-286, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8043073, {"references":["Moser, M. M. (1949) Uber das Massenauftreten von Formen der Gattung Morchella auf Waldbrandflachen. Sydowia 3: 174 - 200."]}

Snabl, Martin, Guidori, Urbano, Gianchino, Carmelo, Leonardi, Marco, Zambonelli, Alessandra, Iotti, Mirco (2023): New insights on post-fire morels (Morchella spp.) in Italy. Phytotaxa 599 (5): 280-290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.2

Morchella tomentosa M. Kuo 2008 (Fig. 3e‒g and 5) Mycobank MB511840 Exsiccata are deposited in the Herbarium Mycologicum Aquilanum (AQUI) with the code AQUI_10399. Description:—Ascomata 70‒110 mm high. Hymenophore 45‒60 mm high, 30‒50 mm wide at the widest point; cylindric to ovoid, with a rounded to depressed apex, sometimes perforated; pitted and ridged; primary ridges thick, sinuous and irregularly vertical when young; secondary ridges shorter; anastomosed, attached to stipe with a sinus deeper than wide. Ridges densely tomentose when young; brownish-gray to black; flattened when young, then rounded, cracked or eroded with maturity. Pits white, greyish to pale brown; glabrous and sometimes warty; irregularly shaped and almost closed when young but vertically elongated and open by maturity. Stipe 30‒50 mm high; 15‒30 mm wide; irregularly cylindrical; basally subclavate and lacunose; flared to apex; finely tomentose with small, dark brown to blackish warts, with tufts of short hairs. Context chambered and layered; 2-3 mm thick; hard; white with grayish layers in the stipe. Sterile inner surface tomentose; white in the hymenophore and gray in the stipe. Smell fungal, pleasant, almost fruity. Asci 8-spored; 120‒280 × 12‒15 μm; cylindrical to clavate; one- biseptate at the base; hyaline, non-amyloid; uniseriate and operculate. Ascospores (16.9)20‒25.3(27.6) × (9.2)10‒15.1(17.4) μm; Q = (1.5)1.54‒2.2(2.6) (average 22.6 × 12.6; Q = 1.8); smooth; elliptical; thin-walled; hyaline, contents homogeneous. Paraphyses 120‒200 × 5‒10 μm; cylindric to clavate, apices rounded sometime capitate; hyaline, contents homogeneous; thin walled; one- biseptate at the base. Acroparaphyses 75‒150 × 12‒35 μm; clavate, apices rounded; hyaline, contents homogeneous; thin walled; septate at the base; hairs on sterile ridges (140)180‒220(250) × (6)8‒18(22) μm; originating from spherocytes of the sub-imenial layer; cylindric, apices rounded, sometimes bottlenecked in the middle part; thin-walled; 2‒3 septate; hyaline in water, red to gray-black contents from the apices to the base in Congo red, brownish-gray contents in KOH. Hairs on the outer stipe surface 100‒140 × (6)8‒12(15) μm; cylindric, apices rounded; septate; thin-walled; hyaline, sometimes finely granulated. Hairs of the inner stipe surface 65‒112 × 12‒20 μm; clavate; bundled; thin-walled; contents hyaline to greyish; septate at the base. Internal surface of the hymenophore covered by spherocytes; thin-walled; hyaline; grouped to form small warts. Ecology:—ascomata from a burnt pine forest located on mountainside at 1,130 asl. In addition to the eight specimens of M. tomentosa, thousands Morchella spp. ascomata (mainly M. importuna and a few specimens of M. eximia, M. purpurascens (Krombh. ex Boud.) Jacquet and M. esculenta) were also found in the burnt area of Arischia. Comments:—Macro and micromorphology of ascomata studied in this work were similar to those reported for the holotype described by Kuo (2008) with the exception of the spores that are slightly bigger for Mto1., Published as part of Snabl, Martin, Guidori, Urbano, Gianchino, Carmelo, Leonardi, Marco, Zambonelli, Alessandra & Iotti, Mirco, 2023, New insights on post-fire morels (Morchella spp.) in Italy, pp. 280-290 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 286-287, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8043073, {"references":["Kuo, M. (2008) Morchella tomentosa, a new species from western North America, and notes on M. rufobrunnea. Mycotaxon 105: 441 - 446."]}

Tuber melanorufum L. Fan sp. nov. (FIG. 2) MycoBank:—MB 846497 Diagnosis:—differed from other species by the large red-brown to blackish ascomata covered with distinctively fine warts and the ascospores ornamented with crowded spine-reticulations. Etymology:— melano, latin, means black; rufum, latin, means red. Referring to the color of ascomata that are red-brown when young and change to blackish to black with age. Typification:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Huize County, in soil under a Pinus forest, 31 Oct 2020, collected by Jinzhong Cao (BJTC FAN1273). Description:— Ascomata 1.6–4.5 cm diam, irregularly globose to subglobose, reddish (#f18f5f) to red brown (#800000) when young, then changing blackish to black (#460707) with age, surface covered with distinctly fine warts, often with some superficial and pale colored furrows. Odor light, favour not recorded. Gleba pale when young, brown (#4e0000) to coffee brown (#670000) at maturity, but never black, marbled with narrow and numerous whitish veins. Peridium 350–400 μm thick, two-layered: outer layer 200–250 μm thick including warts of 30–50 μm high, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose to irregularly shaped cells of 5–15 × 5–20 μm wide, with slightly thickened walls, brown walls at outermost cells; inner layer 150–200 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 2.5– 7.5 μm wide, hyaline thin-walled. Asci subglobose or ovoid, 65–75 × 55–62.5 μm, hyaline, thick-walled of 2.5–3μm, 1–4(–5)-spored, sessile or with a short stalk at maturity. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, usually narrowed in one end, yellow brownish (#a36e12) at maturity, ornamented with densely spine-reticulations of 2.3–3(–5) μm high, negative in Melzer’s reagent, excluding ornamentation, in 1-spored asci 25–57.8 × 15–28.5 μm, Q = 1.24–2.57 (Qm =1.91 ± 0.66) (n = 30), in 2-spored asci 26–51 × 13.6–25.6μm, Q = 1.41–2.62 (Qm =2.02 ± 0.6) (n = 30), in 3-spored asci 22.1–43.9 × 13.3–23.2 μm, Q = 1.18–2.31 (Qm = 1.75 ± 0.56) (n = 30), in 4(–5)-spored asci 17.9–40 × 11.7–21.2 μm, Q = 1–2.45 (Qm = 1.73 ± 0.73) (n = 30). Habit, habitat and distribution: —hypogeous, gregarious, in soil under Pinus forest in Yunnan province, China. Currently known only from China. Specimens examined. CHINA. Yunnan Province: Huize County, in soil under forest of Pinus sp., 21 Oct 2020, collected by Jinzhong Cao (BITC FAN1274, BJTC 1276, BJTC FAN1287)., Published as part of Fu, Hao-Yu & Fan, Li, 2023, Tuber melanorufum and T. tomentellum, two new truffle species from China, pp. 178-190 in Phytotaxa 594 (3) on pages 182-186, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7901081

Tuber melanorufum and T. tomentellum spp. nov. are described and illustrated in this paper based on the morphological and phylogenetic data. Tuber melanorufum is diagnosed by the red-brown to blackish ascomata covered with distinctly fine warts and the ellipsoid to long ellipsoid ascospores ornamented with very crowded spine-reticulations. Tuber tomentellum is characterized by the large ascospores and two types of hairs arising from the outer cells of the peridium. Phylogenetic analyses place T. melanorufum and T. tomentellum in the Rufum and Puberulum clades, respectively.

Tuber tomentellum L. Fan & H.Y. Fu sp. nov. (FIG. 3) MycoBank:—MB 846498 Diagnosis:—differed from other species by the large ascospores reaching 78.55 μm in length and the numerous hyphoid or seta-like hairs on the peridial surface of ascomata. Etymology:— tomentellum, tomemtose, referring to the ascomatal surface covered with short woolly hairs. Typification: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Kunming City, in soil under a Pinus forest, Oct 2020, collected by Jinzhong Cao (BJTC FAN1340) Description:— Ascomata 1.3–2.2 cm, yellow brown (#f4d28d) to grey brown (#654321), surface even and finely tomemtose, with an indistinctly basal depression. Odor mild, flavour not recorded. Gleba brown (#7c2f20) at maturity, marbled with large and rare white veins. Peridium 200–300 μm thick, two-layered: outer layer 150–200 μm thick, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose to irregularly shaped cells of 7.5–32.5 × 5–25 μm, thin-walled, light brown (#f5dbc2) toward outside surface; inner layer 75–150 μm thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 4–7.5 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled, septate. Hairs arising from outermost cells of the peridium, two types, hyphoid, flexible, and having obtuse ends, or seta-like, erect, and having sharp ends, 30–90 × 2.5–4 μm, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, 1–3-septa. subglobose or ovoid, 80– 110 × 50–75 μm, hyaline, thin-walled, 1–3-spored, sessile. Ascospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, brown (#a52a2a) at maturity, reticulate, negative in Melzer’s reagent, excluding ornamentation, in 1-spored asci 30–78.5 × 25.7–46 μm, Q = 1.07–1.96 (Qm =1.52 ± 0.45) (n = 30), in 2-spored asci 31.1–64.5 × 26.2–41.4 μm, Q = 1.1–1.75 (Qm =1.43 ± 0.33) (n = 30), in 3-spored asci 29.6–62 × 24.2–38.9 μm, Q = 1.07–1.76 (Qm = 1.42 ± 0.35) (n = 30), reticulum 4–6 μm high, 6–7 meshes across spore width. Habit, habitat and distribution: —hypogeous, gregarious, in soil under a Pinus forest in Yunnan Province, China. Currently, only known from China. Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Dali City, Xiangyun County, in soil under forest of Pinus sp., 21 Oct 2020, Collected by Baoxiang Shi (BITC FAN1330); Kunming City, in soil under a Pinus forest, Oct 2020, collected by Baoxiang Shi (BJTC FAN1346).

Tuber sinomacrosporum S. P. Wan, & F. Q. Yu, sp. nov. (FIGURE 2) MycoBank: 846502 Typification: CHINA. Yunnan Province, Dali City (25° 38′ N , 100° 68′ E), in humic soil under a pure Pinus forest, at about 2090 m, 26 December 2020, wsp1043-8, YNAU016 (GenBank ITS number = OK625303). Diagnosis: Tuber sinomacrosporum is characterized by the brownish-red ascoma, mostly 1(2)-spored asci, large and ellipsoid ascospores. Etymology: referring to a Chinese species have large spores. Description: Ascoma 2.2 × 1.35 cm in diam, oval-shaped or irregular, light brown, partial brown to brownishred when fresh, becoming brownish-red when dried, surface partially covered with yellow tomentose. Odor pleasant. Peridium 108.0–148.0 μm thick, one layer, prosenchymatous, composed of yellowish to transparent cells and interwoven hyphae, cells (1.0–)2.2–5.7(–7.8) × (1.0–)1.7–4.5(–5.4) μm, hyphae 1.3–2.8 μm in diam. Gleba solid, blackish at maturity, marbled with different whitish to greyish veins continuous with the peridium; composed of hyaline, interwoven, thin-walled hyphae, 0.7–2.4 μm broad at the septa, the cells subglobose to globose, 1.1–7.3(– 10.5) × 0.9–5.7(–8.6) μm. Asci 114.0–143.0(–158.0) × 86.0–117.0(–124.0) μm, ellipsoid, rarely pyriform or irregular, hyaline, sessile or with a short or tall stalk 7.5–49.0 μm, 1-spored, rarely 2-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid, sometimes oblong elliptical and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline when young, becoming brownish-red to brown at maturity; excluding alveolar ornamentation, in 1-spored asci (80.0–)89.0–105.0(–109.0) × (55.0–)61.0–76.0(–78.0) μm (Q = 1.32–1.53, Q m = 1.43 ± 0.08) (n = 120), in 2-spored (51.0–)55.0–78.0(–84.0) × (32.0–)37.0–55.0(–57.0) μm (Q = 1.25–1.65, Q m = 1.4 ± 0.16) (n = 30). Ornamented with alveolate reticulum, 2–6 μm deep, constituted of irregularly polygonal meshes, reticulum with 3–7 meshes along the spore length and 3–7 across. Distribution and habitat: Hypogeous, in soil under pure stand of Pinus forest in Yunnan Province, China. Known only from China., Published as part of Wan, Shan-Ping, Liu, Wei, Cui, Meng-Jin, Wang, Rui, Wang, Yu-Yun, Liu, Mei-Ju, Wang, Rui- Xue, Yu, Cheng-Jin & Yu, Fu-Qiang, 2023, Morphological and molecular evidence support a new truffle, Tuber sinomacrosporum, in Macrosporum group, pp. 283-291 in Phytotaxa 591 (4) on pages 286-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7835575

The new species of Lichtenstein’s catalog (1794: part 2) were discussed by Geiger (2003). Here a facsimile edition and full translation of the work is given. Additional insights into select Lichtenstein species are provided. Tentative identifications include Mya papyracea Lichtenstein, 1794 as a member of Thraciidae, Helix porphyrostoma Lichtenstein, 1796 from Ambon as a member of Planorbidae and Helix australasiae Lichtenstein, 1794 from Tahiti as a Partula sp. Trochus tahitiensis Lichtenstein, 1794 is here designated as a nomen oblitum with Trochus histrio Reeve, 1861 [1842 in error] as its nomen protectum. Oliva brasiliensis Chemnitz and Murex galea Chemnitz (now Coralliophila galea) were first made available by Lichtenstein (1794), not by Schumacher (1817) and Dillwyn (1823), respectively. Olivancillaria brasiliensis (Lichtenstein, 1794) is senior synonym of O. urceus (Röding, 1798).

Rosa roxburghii Tratt., a deciduous shrub of the family Rosaceae, is usually used as food and medicinal materials and also cultivated as an ornamental. Plant endophytic fungi are a large class of microbial resources not fully researched, with great potential applications. Two strains of Ascodesmis and Talaromyces were isolated during a survey of biodiversity on endophytic fungi of R. roxburghii in China. Multigene phylogenetic analyses showed that each of the two fungi formed a distinct lineage and separated from known congeneric species and they are proposed as two novel taxa. Ascodesmis rosicola sp. nov. usually has one or two conspicuous simple or branched ridges extending to the majority of the ascospore surface and remarkably small asci, distinguishing it from the previously-described species in the genus Ascodesmis. Talaromyces rosarhiza sp. nov., of the section Talaromyces, is closely related to T. francoae. It differs from the latter by having both monoverticillate and biverticillate conidiophores, while those of T. francoae are biverticillate. Both novel endophytes are illustrated and described.

Pachyphlodes is a lineage of ectomycorrhizal, hypogeous, sequestrate ascomycete fungi native to temperate and subtropical forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Pachyphlodes species form ectomycorrhizae mainly with Fagales hosts. Here we describe two new species of Pachyphlodes, P. brunnea, and P. coalescens, based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Pachyphlodes brunnea is distributed in the states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León in northern México, occurring with Quercus and Juglans species. It is characterized by its dark brown peridium, white gleba, and spores with capitate columns. Pachyphlodes coalescens is distributed in the states of Michoacán and Tlaxcala in central and southwestern México co-occurring with Quercus and is distinguished by its reddish-brown peridium, light yellow gleba, and spore ornamentation. Both species, along with P. marronina, constitute the Marronina clade. This clade contains North American species characterized by a brown peridium and spores ornamented with capitate spines to coalesced spine tips that form a partial perispore.

Hydnobolites oaxacanus de la Fuente & J. García, sp. nov. (Fig. 3). Mycobank no. MB 841759 Type: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: Nochixtlán municipality, road to Apoala, 17°28’33” N, 97°12’21 “W, 2281 m.a.s.l., 19 August 2018, García 21382 (Holotype ITCV [JGARCIA-21382- ITCV]). Diagnosis: — Hydnobolites oaxacanus differs from other species within the genus by the 4-spored asci, ascospores of 17–45 × 15–20 µm, and the putative association with Quercus castanea. Description: — Ascocarps hypogeous, 8–25 × 5–11 mm, globose to subglobose, some lobated, white, with scattered orange mycelial strands, turning pale brown when touched, minutely pubescent. Odor and taste mild. Gleba pale gray, with fertile tissue separated by white veins, connected with the peridium, columella absent. Odor and taste fungoid. Peridium 120–300 µm thick, composed of interwoven or prostrated hyphae, loose at the external side, compacted near the gleba, with some erected hyphae 17–30 × 5–8 µm, tubulose or clavate, some with rugose thin-walled. Trama 20–45 µm composed of interwoven hyphae, 2–10 µm in diameter, tubulose, rarely inflated, septate, sometimes branched, thin-walled. Asci 77–95 × 62–78 µm, globose or pyriform, with pedicel up to 20 µm long, cylindric to inflated, hyaline, with oily content, tetrasporic, thin-walled. Ascospores 17–45 × 15–20 µm (W=18, L= 25, Q=1.13–2.25, N=30) broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, rarely subglobose or cylindrical, hyaline, alveolate-reticulate, up to 7–9 alveoli longwise, 6–8 sidewise, angular (5–7 sides), heterodiametric or rarely irregular, 3–5 µm in diameter, projected up 7 µm, thin-walled. Etymology: —Named oaxacanus in reference to the Mexican state of Oaxaca, where the species was discovered. Distribution: —Known from the type locality, growing hypogeous in Quercus-Pinus dry mixed forest under Quercus castanea Née. Comments: —The most remarkable characteristics of the new species are the 4-spored asci and the large ascospores. Most of the Hydnobolites species have 8-spored asci except Hydnobolites javanicus Höhn., which has 1–3-spored asci. Hydnobolites javanicus differs from H. oaxacanus in the number of ascospores per asci and the ascospore size. Hydnobolites baodingensis Wu & Lan (1993: 1021) have 8-spored asci, ascospores of 15–21 µm and associated with Zea (L), Dyospiros (L) and Setaria P. Beauv (Wu et al. 1993). Both species mentioned above lack molecular evidence, and some authors (Smith and Schmull 2011; Li et al. 2019) believe that these species should not be placed in Hydnobolites due to the presence of an episporium in H. javanicus and the putative saprobious lifestyle of H. baodingesis. The new species also differs from the Asian species. It can be easily separated from H. caniculatus L. Fan, M. Chen & T. Li (2019: 406), which have folded gleba, whereas H. oaxacanus have solid gleba. Hydnobolites roseus L. Fan, M. Chen & T. Li (2019: 408) have a pinkish peridium, very different from the whitish color present in H. oaxacanu s. Both H. shianxiensis L. Fan, M. Chen & T. Li (2019: 409) and H. yunnaensis L. Fan, M. Chen & T. Li (2019: 412) have 8-spored asci, smaller ascospores and bigger alveoli (Li et al. 2019). It is also different from the American species. Hydnobolites californicus E. Fisch. (1909: 194) have smaller ascospores and bigger alveoli (Gilkey 1916). The new species share some characteristics with H. cerebriformis like the whitish ascoma that turns orange when touched (Cázares et al. 1992) nevertheless, it differs in the ascospore size and ornamentation (Trappe et al. 2007)., Published as part of Fuente, Javier Isaac De La, García-Jiménez, Jesús, Martínez-González, César Ramiro, Ayala-Vásquez, Olivia, Del-Valle, Juan Francisco Hernández, Florez, Marcos Sánchez- & Peña-Ramírez, Rafael, 2022, Hydnobolites oaxacanus (Pezizales, Ascomycota), a new species from Mexico, pp. 73-80 in Phytotaxa 559 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7009412, {"references":["Wu, E., Lan, Z., Xiang, Y. & Han, Z. (1993) A new species of Tuberales from China. Mycological research 97 (8): 1021 - 1022.","Smith, M. E. & Schmull, M. (2011) Tropical truffles: English translation and critical review of F. von Hohnel's truffles from Java. Mycological Progress 10 (2): 249 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 010 - 0694 - 1","Li, T., Cheng, M., Xu, Y-Y. & Fan, L. (2019) Four new species of Hydnobolites (sequestrate Pezizaceae, Ascomycota) from China. Mycological progress 18: 405 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 018 - 01465 - z","Gilkey, H. M. (1916) A revision of the Tuberales of California. University of California Publications in Botany 6: 275 - 356.","Cazares, E., Garcia, J., Castillo, J. & Trappe, J. M. (1992) Hypogeous fungi from northern Mexico. Mycologia 84: 341 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3760186","Trappe, M., Evans, F. & Trappe, J. (2007) Field Guide to North American Truffles: Hunting, Identifying, and Enjoying the World's Most Prized Fungi. Ten Speed Press, California. 144 pp."]}

Mount Burni Telong has a diversity of fungi that play an important role in the forest ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the types of macrofungi found in Mount Burni Telong and index diversity macrofungi found in Mount Burni Telong. The method used in this study was to use the pathway method by observing macrofungi along the hiking trail with a distance of 10 meters to the left and 10 meters to the right starting from an altitude of 1800 mdpl to an altitude of 2600 mdpl. Macroscopic fungi found were to identified and measured the physico-chemical parameters of the environment. Macroscopic fungi found were dominated by the Basidiomycota division and the Polyporaceae family. The results obtained were 31 macroscopic fungi from 2 divisions, 6 classes, 6 orders, 21 families, 26 genera, and 31 species. The most macroscopic fungi found in the Basidiomycota division, Agaricomycetes class, were 23 species and at least in the Ascomycota division, Pezizomycetes class, was as many as 1 species.

Diaporthe species have often been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes, commonly isolated from a wide range of infected plant hosts. In the present study, twenty strains obtained from leaf spots of twelve host plants in Yunnan Province of China were isolated. Based on a combination of morphology, culture characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CAL), and histone (HIS) genes, these strains were identified as eight new species: Diaporthe camelliae-sinensis, D. grandiflori, D. heliconiae, D. heterostemmatis, D. litchii, D. lutescens, D. melastomatis, D. pungensis and two previously described species, D. subclavata and D. tectonendophytica. This study showed high species diversity of Diaporthe in tropical rain forests and its hosts in south-western China.

Makale, Türkiye'nin Hakkâri ilinde toplanan Coprotus disculus Kimbr., Luck-Allen ve Cain'in oluşumu hakkında yeni verileri rapor ediyor. Türler morfolojik verilere göre tanımlanmıştır. Türkiye’de cinsin ikinci kaydı verilmiştir. Koleksiyon bilgileri ile birlikte makroskobik ve mikroskobik karakterler ve fotoğraflar verilmiştir., The article reports new data on the occurrence of Coprotus disculus Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain collected in Hakkâri Province, Türkiye. The species was identified based on morphological data. The second record of the genus in Türkiye is reported. Macroscopic and microscopic characters and photographs are given, along with the collection information.

Karst formations represent a unique eco-environment. Research in the microfungi inhabiting this area is limited. During an ongoing survey of ascomycetous microfungi from karst terrains in Guizhou Province, China, we discovered four new species, which are introduced here as Hypoderma paralinderae , Terriera karsti , T. meitanensis and T. sigmoideospora placed in Rhytismataceae , based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Molecular analyses, based on concatenated LSU-ITS-mtSSU sequence data, were used to infer phylogenetic affinities. Detail descriptions and comprehensive illustrations of these new taxa are provided and relationships with the allied species are discussed, based on comparative morphology and molecular data.

Phylogenetic analyses of 115 newly collected Helvella specimens from Spain using three genetic markers [heat shock protein 90 (hsp), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) and the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU)] confirm the assignment of the Spanish collections to one Dissingia and 30 Helvella species. The analyses were supplemented with an additional sample of 65 Spanish and extralimital Helvella specimens from the fungaria of Oslo (O), Trondheim (TRH), Copenhagen (C), Uppsala (UPS), Stockholm (S) and Venice (MCVE). Nine species are described as new, i.e. Helvella fuscolacunosa, H. hispanica, H. iberica, H. inexpectata, H. neopallescens, H. phlebophoroides, H. poculiformis, H. retinervis, and H. terricola. We present photographs of a selection of fresh specimens and provide descriptions of all species of this diverse South European Mediterranean element of the genera in Europe.

Acervus (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales) is a saprobic genus in Pezizomycetes, characterized by colored apothecia, subcylindrical to cylindrical asci and guttulate ascospores. We collected four Acervus samples from China and Thailand. Descriptions and illustrations are introduced for all fresh samples. One new record of A. globulosus from Thailand, one new species, A. rufus, two known species, A. epispartius and A. stipitatus from China are reported. Phylogenetic analysis based on five genes, the large subunit rRNA (LSU), the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1-α), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb1), and the small subunit rRNA (SSU), revealed the distinct position of the new species. The new species is set apart by its red apothecia. A key to Acervus species is also given.

Campus forest is the area of education and conservation at IPB University. The preliminary study proved that the area stores high biodiversity, including macroscopic fungi, which have not been well recorded. This study aimed to inventory the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the IPB University campus forest (IPBUCF) to be used as media for mycology course practice and optimize the future's mushroom potential. The results showed 18 mushroom species divided into two divisions, namely Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Basidiomycota consist of: Agaricus sp., Amanita sp., Amauroderma sp., Conocybe sp., Crinipellis sp., Gymnopus sp., Hypholoma sp., Marasmius sp.1, Marasmius sp.2, Naucoria sp., Pluteus sp. 1, Pluteus sp. 2, Pholiota sp., Ramaria sp., Rigidoporus sp., and Russula sp. Ascomycota members were divided into two classes, namely Pezizomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. The identification results confirmed the existence of Cookeina cf. tricholoma and Onygena sp. In this paper, we explained how to describe mushrooms for identification using macroscopic features.

We present phylogenetic analyses of the fruticose Ramalinaceae based on extensive collections from many parts of the world, with a special focus on the Vizcaíno deserts in north-western Mexico and the coastal desert in Namibia. We generate a four-locus DNA sequence dataset for accessions ofRamalinaand two additional loci forNieblaandVermilacinia. Four genera are strongly supported: the subcosmopolitanRamalina, the new genusNamibialinaendemic to SW Africa, and a duo formed byNieblaandVermilacinia, endemic to the New World except the sorediateV. zebrinathat disjunctly occurs in Namibia. The latter three genera are restricted to coastal desert and chaparral where vegetation depends on moisture from ocean fog.Ramalinais subcosmopolitan and much more diverse in its ecology.We show thatRamalinaand its sister genusNamibialinadiverged from each other at c. 48 Myrs, whereasVermilaciniaandNieblasplit at c. 30 Myrs. The phylogeny of the fruticose genera remains unresolved to their ancestral crustose genera.Species delimitation withinNamibialinaandRamalinais rather straightforward. The phylogeny and taxonomy ofVermilaciniaare fully resolved, except for the two youngest clades of corticolous taxa, and support current taxonomy, including four new taxa described here. Secondary metabolite variation inNieblagenerally coincides with major clades which are comprised of species complexes with still unresolved phylogenetic relationships. A micro-endemism pattern of allopatric species is strongly suspected for both genera, except for the corticolous taxa withinVermilacinia. BothNieblaand saxicolousVermilaciniahave chemotypes unique to species clades that are largely endemic to the Vizcaíno deserts.The following new taxa are described:Namibialinagen. nov.withN. melanothrix(comb. nov.) as type species, a single new species ofRamalina(R. krogiae) and four new species ofVermilacinia(V. breviloba,V. lacunosa,V. pustulataandV. reticulata). The new combinationV. granulansis introduced. Two epithets are re-introduced for EuropeanRamalinaspecies:R. crispans(=R. peruvianaauct. eur.) andR. rosacea(=R. bourgeanaauct. p.p). A lectotype is designated forVermilacinia procera. A key to saxicolous species ofVermilaciniais presented.

Truffles with distinct morphological and anatomical features were collected during a study of hypogeous fungi of semiarid sandy grasslands of the Great Hungarian Plain in Hungary, representing the westernmost localities of the Eurasian steppe belt. None of the ascomata were collected near ectomycorrhizal plant species, and none were identified as ectomycorrhizal during previous surveys in the collection area. We studied morphoanatomical characteristics of these truffles with light and scanning electron microscopy and investigated their phylogenetic positions based on analyses of different nuclear loci. The truffles were found to represent two novel lineages that grouped with the Marcelleina-Peziza gerardii clade of the Pezizaceae. One formed a distinct lineage, for which we propose a new genus Babosia with a new species Babosia variospora characterized by diverse spore ornamentation varying even within one ascus. The truffles in the other lineage clustered with the rarely collected American truffle Stouffera longii and share with it similar spore ornamentation and habitat features. However, our material differs from S. longii by geographic origin, the quick and strong coloration of the ascomata to dark gray at cut surface or bruised area, varying spore number in asci, and smaller spore size; thus, we describe it as a new species, Stouffera gilkeyae.

In this paper we present an updated checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina), that is, the orders Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales, from Belgium and the Netherlands. Two species are newly described based on morphology, molecular data (ITS, LSU ribosomal DNA) and ecology (host association). These areHesperomyces halyziaeonHalyzia sedecimguttata(Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from both countries andLaboulbenia quarantenaeonBembidion biguttatum(Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Belgium. In addition, nine new country records are presented. For Belgium:Laboulbenia aubryionAmara aranea(Coleoptera, Carabidae) andRhachomyces spinosusonSyntomus foveatus(Coleoptera, Carabidae). For the Netherlands:Chitonomyces melanurusonLaccophilus minutus(Coleoptera, Dytiscidae),Euphoriomyces agathidiionAgathidium laevigatum(Coleoptera, Leiodidae),Laboulbenia fasciculataonOmophron limbatum(Coleoptera, Carabidae),Laboulbenia metabletionSyntomus foveatusandS. truncatellus(Coleoptera, Carabidae),Laboulbenia pseudomaseionPterostichus melanarius(Coleoptera, Carabidae),Rhachomyces canariensisonTrechus obtusus(Coleoptera, Carabidae), andStigmatomyces hydrelliaeonHydrellia albilabris(Diptera, Ephydridae). Finally, an identification key to 140 species of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes in Belgium and the Netherlands is provided. Based on the combined data, we are able to identify mutual gaps that need to be filled as well as weigh the impact of chosen strategies (fieldwork, museum collections) and techniques in these neighboring countries. The aim of this work is to serve as a reference for studying Laboulbeniomycetes fungi in Europe.

In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

Molecular analysis of the genus Balsamia was conducted with ITS and 28S sequences available, including newly gained sequences from Chinese specimens. Combined with the morphological examinations, a new hypogeous species, Balsamia lishanensis was described and illustrated from North China, which is morphologically characterized by reddish brown ascomata covered with fine warts, the whitish gleba with numerous small chambers, 3–5 layers peridium with reddish brown polygonal cells and the smooth and regular ellipsoid ascospores with one large oil drop. Two species previously described as Barssia were transferred to Balsamia. Balsamia platyspora was confirmed to be in existence in China based on newly collected specimen. A key to the Chinese Balsamia species was provided.

Geodina salmonicolor is shown to be a synonym of G. guanacastensis, the type and only species of the genus. Comparisons of ITS rDNA sequences of a paratype and two recent collections of G. guanacastensis with published ITS sequences of G. salmonicolor, from the Dominican Republic, show that these are nearly identical. When G. salmonicolor was erected no sequences of the type species were available. Morphological comparisons supports the conspecificity. Details regarding the description of G. salmonicolor are pointed out. A four-gene phylogeny places Geodina and Wynnea as a supported sister group to the rest of the Sarcoscyphaceae. Species in these genera share morphological traits of cyanophobic spore markings, dark angular outer excipular cells that give rise to hairs and the origin of several apothecia from a common basal stalk. Their occurrence on soil rather than on wood or plant material distinguish them from other Sarcoscyphaceae. Based on morphology, phylogenic relationships and trophic interactions we erect a new family, Wynneaceae, for Geodina and Wynnea.

Diaporthe species (Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales) are often reported as important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. In this study, Diaporthe specimens were collected from symptomatic twigs and branches at the Huoditang Forest Farm in Shaanxi Province, China. Identification was done using a combination of morphology and comparison of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), partial translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions. Three new Diaporthe species are proposed: D. albosinensis, D. coryli and D. shaanxiensis. All species are illustrated and their morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other Diaporthe species are discussed.

Досліджено видову різноманітність та поширення аскоміцетів на території регіонального ландшафтного парку «Сеймський». У 23 локалітетах парку виявлено 114 видів неліхенізованих сумчастих грибів. Серед них клас Leotiomycetes представлений 41 видом, Dothideomycetes – 34, Sordariomycetes – 23, Pezizomycetes – 15, Taphrinomycetes – 1. Серед порядків найчисельнішими є Erysiphales – 34 види, Capnodiales – 20, Pezizales – 15, Pleosporales – 12, Sordariales – 11, Xylariales – 8 і Helotiales – 7. У родинному спектрі домінують представники чотирьох родин: Erysiphaceae – 34 види, Mycosphaerellaceae – 19, Ascobolaceae та Podosporaceae – по 7 видів, представники яких об’єднують 58,8% загальної кількості виявлених видів аскоміцетів. Наведено список зареєстрованих видів грибів та асоційованих з ними рослин-живителів і живильних субстратів. 103 з виявлених видів аскоміцетів наводяться вперше для території парку. Знахідка інвазійного борошнисторосяного гриба Erysiphе macleayae R. Y. Zheng & G. Q. Chen є новою для території парку та другою у Сумській області. Вдруге на території України виявлені Coprotus ochraceus (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) J. Moravec і Podospora myriospora (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Niessl. Лише з трьох локалітетів були відомі в Україні Coprotus niveus (Fuckel) Kimbr. і Podospora australis (Speg.) Niessl, в чотирьох – Podospora communis (Speg.) Niessl, Podospora pleiospora (G.Winter) Niessl і Thecotheus pelletieri (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Boud. Серед зареєстрованих видів сумчастих грибів переважна більшість є біотрофами (35 видів), гемібіотрофами (35 видів) та копрофільними сапротрофами (29 видів). Це представники семи екологічних груп: облігатних паразитів вищих рослин, копрофілів, ксилофілів, філофілів, гербофілів, карпофілів і гумусових сапротрофів. Решта еколого-трофічних груп аскоміцетів у регіональному ландшафтному парку залишаються майже недослідженими.

Fungi are one of the most diverse carbon source-assimilating organisms, living as saprobes, parasites and symbionts; they play an important role in carbon cycling in the ecosystem. A lichen thallus provides habitats for many non-lichenized fungi and usually contains large quantities of polyols. However, research has not been undertaken to identify carbon sources of lichen-inhabiting fungi. In this study, we isolated various lichen-inhabiting fungi from surface-sterilized Ramalina spp., Flavoparmelia caperata and Peltigera degenii, and demonstrated their ability to assimilate carbon sources, namely glucose, ribitol and mannitol. Several isolates efficiently assimilated mannitol and ribitol; however, most isolates could assimilate only mannitol or both ribitol and mannitol at low levels. It is suggested that there are different preferences and niche segregation of carbon sources among lichen-inhabiting fungi, and that this assemblage includes fungi with different lifestyles such as saprobes, endophytes and transient visitors.