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1. Anti-Schmallenberg Virus Activities of Type I/III Interferons-Induced Mx1 GTPases from Different Mammalian Species

Author

Calixte Bayrou, Anne-Sophie Van Laere, Phai Dam Van, Nassim Moula, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, and Daniel Desmecht

Subjects
Mx protein, interferon, innate immunity, Schmallenberg virus, orthobunyaviruses, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Mx proteins are key factors of the innate intracellular defense mechanisms that act against viruses induced by type I/III interferons. The family Peribunyaviridae includes many viruses of veterinary importance, either because infection results in clinical disease or because animals serve as reservoirs for arthropod vectors. According to the evolutionary arms race hypothesis, evolutionary pressures should have led to the selection of the most appropriate Mx1 antiviral isoforms to resist these infections. Although human, mouse, bat, rat, and cotton rat Mx isoforms have been shown to inhibit different members of the Peribunyaviridae, the possible antiviral function of the Mx isoforms from domestic animals against bunyaviral infections has, to our knowledge, never been studied. Herein, we investigated the anti-Schmallenberg virus activity of bovine, canine, equine, and porcine Mx1 proteins. We concluded that Mx1 has a strong, dose-dependent anti-Schmallenberg activity in these four mammalian species.

Published
2023
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3. Anti-Influenza A Virus Activities of Type I/III Interferons-Induced Mx1 GTPases from Different Mammalian Species

Author

Phai Dam Van, Daniel Desmecht, Dao Bui Tran Anh, Anne-Sophie Van Laere, and Mutien-Marie Garigliany

Subjects
Myxovirus Resistance Proteins, Buffaloes, Swine, Immunology, Defence mechanisms, GTPase, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Interferon Lambda, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Virology, Influenza A virus, medicine, Animals, Humans, Horses, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Effector, Schmallenberg virus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, HEK293 Cells, Interferon Type I, Mx protein, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cattle, Interferons, Intracellular
Abstract

Type I/III interferons provide powerful and universal innate intracellular defense mechanisms against viruses. Among the antiviral effectors induced, Mx proteins of some species appear as key components of defense against influenza A viruses. It is expected that such an antiviral protein must display a platform dedicated to the recognition of said viruses. In an attempt to identify such platform in human MxA, an evolution-guided approach capitalizing on the antagonistic arms race between MxA and its viral targets and the genomic signature it left on primate genomes revealed that the surface-exposed so-called "loop L4", which protrudes from the compact structure of the MxA stalk, is a hotspot of recurrent positive selection. Since MxA is archetypic of Mx1 proteins in general, we reasoned that the L4 loop also functions as a recognition platform for influenza viruses in the Mx1 proteins of other species that had been exposed to the virus for ever. In this study, the anti-influenza activity of 5 distinct mammalian Mx1 proteins was measured by comparing the number of viral nucleoprotein-positive cells 7 h after infection in a sample of 100,000 cells expected to contain both Mx1-positive and Mx1-negative cell subpopulations. The systematic depletion (

Published
2019
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4. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Myxovirus Resistance Protein_1

Author

Phai, Dam Van, Anne-Sophie, Van Laere, Axel, Dubois, Dao, Bui Tran Anh, Daniel, Desmecht, Phai, Dam Van, Anne-Sophie, Van Laere, Axel, Dubois, Dao, Bui Tran Anh, and Daniel, Desmecht

Abstract

Recombinant bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) myxovirus resistance protein 1 (bbMx1) was successfully expressed by an Escherichia coli expression system. After immunization and cell fusion, a set of ten mouse hybridomas producing mAbs to bbMx1 was established. The ten corresponding mAbs were further characterized using indirect ELISA, western blot analysis and immunocytofluorescent staining. Eight mAbs, designated 11C7, RD5, NF3, 9D1, FD4, PE6, 11A7 and 10F5, displayed binding abilities and specificity in the three formats. Moreover, combining NF3 (for capture) with RD5 (for detection), 9D1 with RD5, FD4 with 11C7 or PE6 with 11C7 generated a strong signal in a prototype sandwich-ELISA. The results suggest that the mAbs developed and characterized here provide an excellent starting point for developing diagnostic tools aimed at detecting viral infections in the water buffalo, whatever using immunoblotting, immunocytostaining or sandwich-ELISA.

Published
2020

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