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Pham, Anh Van, Pham, Cuong The, Ngo, Hanh Thi, Nenh, Sung Ba, Ziegler, Thomas, Le, Minh Duc (2023): A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Son La Province, northwestern Vietnam. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71: 51-69, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2023-0004

Pham, Anh Van, Sung, Nenh Ba, Pham, Cuong The, Le, Minh Duc, Ziegler, Thomas, Nguyen, Truong Quang (2019): A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Vietnam. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 363-377, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0027

Achalinus timi sp. nov. (Figs. 6–7) Holotype. IEBR A.2018.10 (Field no. PA.180), adult male, from forest within the Copia Nature Reserve, near Hua Ty Village (21°20.105’N, 103°35.860’E), Co Ma Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, northern Vietnam, collected by A.V. Pham on 12 May 2014 at an elevation of ca. 1470 m above sea level. Diagnosis. A species of the genus Achalinus, characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) maxillary teeth 27; 2) suture between the internasals distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals; 3) loreal fused with prefrontal on each side, with the prefrontal extending towards the supralabials; 4) dorsal scales in 25–25–23 rows, keeled; 5) ventrals 170+1; 6) subcaudals 72, unpaired; 7) a total length of at least 177.9 mm in males (with a tail length of 37.9 mm and a tail/total length ratio of 0.21); 8) dorsum in preservative reddish to greyish brown above, with wide portion of the vertebral region being distinctly darker; the lower head sides are somewhat paler; infralabial and chin shields light greyish brown; venter greyish cream, with the underside of the tail being somewhat darker and the chin region somewhat paler. Description of holotype. Total length 177.9 mm (SVL 140 mm, TaL 37.9 mm); tail long, tail/total length ratio 0.21; body slender, cylindrical; head length 7.8 mm (from tip of snout to posterior margin of parietal); head slightly distinct from neck, dorsally covered with large shields; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; left maxilla with at least 27 equally sized and curved teeth. Rostral small, triangular, not visible from above; suture between the internasals (1.7 mm) longer than that between the prefrontals (0.8 mm); nostril in the anterior part of the nasal; frontal pentagonal, slightly broader than long, pointed backwards, much shorter than the parietals; parietals bordered each by an elongated nuchal, nuchals separated from each other behind parietals by two small scales; second pair of nuchals about half the size than first pair; loreal lacking, prefrontals stretch towards the supralabials; one supraocular; two anterior temporals, only the smaller, upper one in contact with eye, and two elongated posterior temporals; supralabials six, the first smallest, fourth and fifth in contact with the eye, sixth longest; one mental, followed by six infralabials; first pair of infralabials in contact with each other; first three infralabials in contact with the first pair of chin shields; posterior pair of chin shields smaller, laterally in contact with fourth and fifth infralabials. Dorsal scales elliptical, keeled from the neck region onwards, in 25 rows at the anterior part of the body (one head length behind head), 25 scale rows at midbody, the outer row enlarged, and 23 rows at posterior body (one head length before vent); ventrals 170 (plus one preventral) distinct, laterally rounded; subcaudals 72, unpaired; cloacal entire. The ethanol-preserved holotype is reddish to greyish brown above, with a wide portion of the vertebral region being distinctly darker; the lower head sides somewhat paler; venter greyish cream, with the underside of the tail being somewhat darker and the chin region somewhat paler; infralabial and chin shields light greyish brown. Comparisons. Achalinus timi sp. nov. lacks a separate loreal scale, which is fused with the prefrontal on each side, with the prefrontal extending towards the supralabials; all remaining Achalinus species known at time to occur in Vietnam (A. ater, A. juliani, A. rufescens, and A. spinalis) have a loreal being separated from the prefrontal by a suture, which is also the case in most other Achalinus species (A. hainanus, A. meiguensis, A. niger, and A. werneri) which thus can be easily distinguished from Achalinus timi sp. nov. Achalinus timi sp. nov. further differs from A. formosanus, A. jinggangensis, A. meiguensis, A. rufescens, and A. spinalis by having more maxillary teeth. For details and further distinguishing characters see Table 5. Besides different maxillary teeth counts, Achalinus timi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the two subspecies of A. formosanus as follows: from A. f. formosanus by having the internasal suture distinctly longer than prefrontal suture (versus internasal suture almost as long as prefrontal suture) and 25–25–23 versus 29–27–25 dorsal scale rows; and from A. f. chigirai by 23 versus 25 dorsal scale rows at posterior body and by having more ventrals and less subcaudals (170 versus 161–167 ventrals; 72 versus 96–97 subcaudals). Furthermore, Achalinus timi sp. nov. can be distinguished from A. jinggangensis by having 25 versus 23 dorsal scale rows at midbody, more ventrals and subcaudals (170 versus 156–164 ventrals; 72 versus 51–64 subcaudals, respectively). Etymology. We name this species after Tim N. Ziegler. As common name we propose Tim’s Burrowing Snake. Distribution. The new species currently is only known from the type locality in Son La Province, northwestern Vietnam (Fig. 12). Natural history. The male holotype of Achalinus timi sp. nov. was discovered at 10: 15 in the morning, as a road kill specimen. The surrounding habitat was secondary evergreen forest. Air temperature at the site was 25–30 o C and relative humidity 70–75%., Published as part of Ziegler, Thomas, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Pham, Cuong The, Nguyen, Tao Thien, Pham, Anh Van, Schingen, Mona Van, Nguyen, Tham Thi & Le, Minh Duc, 2019, Three new species of the snake genus Achalinus from Vietnam (Squamata: Xenodermatidae), pp. 249-269 in Zootaxa 4590 (2) on pages 258-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2651878

Achalinus juliani sp. nov. (Figs. 2–5) Holotype. IEBR A.2018.8 (Field no. CB 2014.18), an adult male, from forest of Duc Quang Commune (22°43.084’N, 106°39.653’E, at an elevation of 477 m above sea level), Ha Lang District, Cao Bang Province, northern Vietnam, collected by C.T. Pham on 14 June 2014. Paratypes. IEBR A.2018.9 (Field no. CB 2014.19), a female, from Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park (22°36.147’N, 105°52.726’E, at an elevation of 1461 m above sea level), Nguyen Binh District, Cao Bang Province, northern Vietnam, collected by T.H. Pham on 24 May 2014; VNMN 0 6924 (Field no. TAO 766), an adult male, from forest of Thanh Cong Commune within Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park (22°60.556’N, 105°87.530’E, at an elevation of 1590 m above sea level), Nguyen Binh District, Cao Bang Province, northern Vietnam, collected by T.T. Nguyen on 10 May 2010. Diagnosis. A species of the genus Achalinus, characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) maxillary teeth 28; 2) suture between internasals distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals; 3) internasal not fused to prefrontal; 4) loreal not fused with prefrontal; 5) infralabials 6; 6) mental separated from anterior chin shields; 7) two elongated anterior temporals, in contact with eye, and two posterior temporals; 8) dorsal scales in 25–23–23 rows, keeled; 9) ventrals 173–179; 10) subcaudals 77–91, unpaired; 11) a total length of at least 413 mm (with a maximum tail length of 109 mm, and a tail/total length ratio of 0.22–0.37); 12) dorsum in preservative reddish to greyish brown above, the lower and posterior head sides paler; venter greyish cream, with the underside of the tail being somewhat darker. Description of holotype. Total length 355 mm (SVL 260 mm and TaL 95 mm); tail long, tail/total length ratio 0.365; body slender, cylindrical; head length 8.9 mm (from tip of snout to posterior margin of parietal); head slightly distinct from neck, dorsally covered with large shields; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; left maxilla with 28 equally sized and curved teeth. Rostral small, triangular, slightly visible from above; suture between the internasals (1.4 mm) longer than that between the prefrontals (0.9 mm); nostril in the anterior part of the nasal; frontal pentagonal, slightly broader than long, pointed backwards, much shorter than the parietals; each parietal bordered by an elongated nuchal; nuchals separated from each other behind parietals by two small scales; second pair of nuchals about half the size than first pair; one loreal, distinctly wider than high, extending from the nasal to the eye; one supraocular; two anterior temporals, elongated, upper one smaller, both in contact with eye, and two elongated posterior temporals; supralabials six, the first smallest, fourth and fifth in contact with the eye, sixth longest; third and fourth in contact with the loreal; one mental, followed by six infralabials; first pair of infralabials in contact with each other; first four infralabials in contact with the first pair of chin shields; posterior pair of chin shields smaller, laterally in contact with fourth and fifth infralabials. Dorsal scales elliptical, keeled from the neck region onwards, 23 scale rows at midbody, those of the outer row enlarged, 25 scales round the anterior part of the body (one head length behind head), and 23 dorsal scale rows at posterior body (one head length before vent); ventrals 169 (plus one preventral), distinctly rounded laterally; subcaudals 91, unpaired, plus tail tip; cloacal entire. The ethanol-preserved holotype greyish brown above, the lower and posterior head sides being paler; venter greyish cream, with the underside of the tail being somewhat darker and the chin region somewhat paler; infralabial and chin shields light greyish brown. Ventrals and subcaudals anteriorly and laterally darker. Variation. For scalation details of the paratypes see Table 3. In addition, the nuchals of the female paratype IEBR A.2018.9 are separated from each other behind the parietals by four small scales and those of the male paratype VNMN 0 6924 by two large, two medium sized and a small scale. Furthermore, in the paratype VNMN 0 6924 the posterior pair of chin shields on the left side is in contact with third and fourth infralabials laterally. The hemipenes are basally everted in the specimen VNMN 0 6924. Comparisons. Achalinus juliani sp. nov. can be differentiated from the remaining Achalinus representatives from Vietnam by having more subcaudals, more dorsal scale rows on anterior part of the body, more ventrals, more infralabials, and a longer internasal suture (see Tables 3, 5). Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. ater in having more dorsal scale rows in the anterior part of the body (25 versus 21–23) and more subcaudals (77–91 versus 47–70). Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. rufescens by having more infralabials (6 versus 5), more ventrals (163–179 versus 131–158), more subcaudals (77–91 versus 54–82), and more maxillary teeth. Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. spinalis by the internasal suture being distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals (versus as long as or shorter), more dorsal scale rows in the anterior part of the body (25 versus 21–24), more subcaudals (77–91 versus 39–67), by lacking a black mid-dorsal line, and by having more maxillary teeth. Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. formosanus by having the internasal suture distinctly longer than prefrontal suture (versus internasal suture almost as long as prefrontal suture), by the loreal not being fused with prefrontal, fewer dorsal scale rows (25–23–23 versus 25–29 – 25–27–25), more maxillary teeth (28 versus 14–17), and by lacking a black mid-dorsal line; in addition, Achalinus juliani sp. nov. can be distinguished from A. f. formosanus by having more subcaudals (77–91 versus 61–83), and from A. f. chigirai by having fewer subcaudals (77–91 versus 96–97). Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. hainanus by having 6 versus 5 infralabials, 2 versus 1 anterior temporal, more dorsal scale rows in the anterior part of the body (25 versus 23), and more subcaudals (77–91 versus 67–69). Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. jinggangensis by loreal not being fused with prefrontal, having more ventrals (163–179 versus 156–164), more subcaudals (77–91 versus 51–64), and more maxillary teeth. Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. meiguensis by mental being separated from anterior chin shields, internasal not fused to prefrontal, by different dorsal scale row counts (25–23–23 versus 21–23 – 19–23 – 19), by having more subcaudals (77–91 versus 39–62), and by having more maxillary teeth. Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. niger by the internasal suture being distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals (versus almost as long as or shorter), fewer midbody dorsal scale rows (23 versus 25), more subcaudals (77–91 versus 52–72), and keeled body scales (versus smooth on anterior part of body). Achalinus juliani sp. nov. differs from A. werneri by the internasal suture being distinctly longer than that between the prefrontals (versus almost as long as), and by lacking a black mid-dorsal line and a dark subcaudal streak. Etymology. We name this species after Julian L. Ziegler. As common name we propose Julian’s Burrowing Snake. Distribution. The new species currently is only known from two localities within Cao Bang Province, northeastern Vietnam (Fig. 12). Natural history. Specimens were found between 20:00 and 22:00 h on forest paths. The surrounding habitat was secondary forest of large, medium and small hardwoods mixed with shrubs and vines. Air temperature at the sites were 25.4–32.6 o C and relative humidity 65–80%. The new species was found in different habitat types: lowland forest in Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park and limestone karst forest in Ha Lang District, at elevations from 470 to 1460 m above sea level., Published as part of Ziegler, Thomas, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Pham, Cuong The, Nguyen, Tao Thien, Pham, Anh Van, Schingen, Mona Van, Nguyen, Tham Thi & Le, Minh Duc, 2019, Three new species of the snake genus Achalinus from Vietnam (Squamata: Xenodermatidae), pp. 249-269 in Zootaxa 4590 (2) on pages 253-255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2651878

Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. (Figs. 3���5) Holotype. IEBR 4379 (Field No. SL 2016.400), adult male, collected by A.V. Pham and D.A. Giang on 14 October 2016 in the karst forest near Ca Nang Village (21˚54.440���N, 103˚31.390���E, elevation: 650 m asl.), Ca Nang Commune, Quynh Nhai District, Son La Province, northwestern Vietnam. Paratypes. TBU 0 7, 0 8 (Field Nos. SL 2016.271, 272), adult males collected by A.V. Pham, T. Q.L. Hoang, L. M. Ha, N. B. Song, D. K.K.S. Vanh, and C. A. Lau on 25 September 2016 and IEBR 4380 (Field No. SL 2017.26), adult female, collected by N.B. Song and D. K.K.S. Vanh on 22 June 2017 in the karst forest near Pha Luong Village (21˚36.324���N, 103˚34.540���E, elevation: 720 m asl.), Phong Lai Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province; IEBR 4381 & 4382 (Field Nos. SL2016.403, 405), adult males and TBU 0 9 (Field No. SL 2016.404), adult female collected by A.V. Pham, L. M. Ha, O. V. Dieu and D. A. Giang on 15 October 2016 near Tua Thang Commune, Tua Chua District, Dien Bien Province (21˚56.933���N, 103˚27.803���E, elevation: 610 m asl.). Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the genus Cyrtodactylus by a combination of the following characters: medium size (SVL up to 97.5 mm); dorsal tubercles in 13���16 irregular rows; ventral scale rows 30���38; ventrolateral folds present without interspersed tubercles; each thigh with 11���13 enlarged femoral scales; femoral pores absent in males and females; precloacal pores 11���13 in males, five or 15 pitted scales in females, in a continuous row; postcloacal tubercles two or three; lamellae under toe IV 16���20; subcaudal scales transversely enlarged; dorsal head with dark brown marking, oval, triangle and arched shape; five brown dorsal bands between limb insertions. Description of holotype. Adult male, snout-vent length (SVL) 85.7 mm; body elongate (AG/SVL 0.46); head distinct from neck, elongate, depressed (HL/SVL 0.28, HW/HL 0.67, HH/HL 0.41); supranasals in contact with each other anteriorly, separated from each other by a small scale posteriorly; nares oval, surrounded by supranasal, rostral, first supralabial, and three postnasals; loreal region concave; snout long (SE/HL 0.38), round anteriorly, longer than diameter of orbit (OD/SE 0.68); snout scales small, round, granular, larger than those in frontal and parietal regions; eye large (OD/HL 0.26), pupils vertical; upper eyelid fringe with spinous scales; ear opening oval, obliquely directed, small in size (ED/HL 0.07); rostral wider than high (RH/RW 0.74), bordered by first supralabial, nostril and supranasal on each side; mental triangular, as wide as rostral (RW 3.6 mm, MW 3.5 mm), wider than high (ML/MW 0.74); postmentals two, enlarged, in contact with mental anteriorly, first infralabial laterally, and eight small scales posteriorly; supralabials 10/11; infralabials 9/9. Dorsal scales granular; dorsal tubercles round, three or four times larger than the size of adjoining scales, conical, present on occiput, back and tail base, each surrounded by 9 or 10 granular scales, in 15 or 16 irregular longitudinal rows at midbody; ventral scales smooth, medial scales two times larger than dorsal scales, round, subimbricate, in 34���36 longitudinal rows at midbody; lateral skin folds distinct, without tubercles; gular region with homogeneous smooth scales; ventral scales between mental and cloacal slit 177; precloacal groove absent; three rows of enlarged scales present in posterior region of pore-bearing scales; enlarged femoral scales present; femoral pores absent; precloacal pores 13, in a continuous row. Fore and hind limbs moderately slender (ForeaL/SVL 0.18, CrusL/SVL 0.23); dorsal surface of forelimbs covered by small scales, slightly larger than underside scales, without tubercles; dorsal surface of hind limbs covered by distinctly developed tubercles; interdigital webbing weakly developed; subdigital lamellae: finger I 14/ 14 (with 6/6 basally broadened lamellae), finger II 16/15 (7/6), finger III 17/18 (6/6), finger IV 18/18 (7/7), finger V 16/17 (6/5), toe I 15/15 (6/6), toe II 15/16 (6/6), toe III 17/17 (6/6), toe IV 20/19 (9/8), toe V 19/20 (7/7). Tail regenerated; postcloacal tubercles 2/2; dorsal tail base with distinct tubercles; subcaudals distinctly enlarged in the original part, smooth. ������continued on the next page Coloration in life. Ground color of dorsal head and back yellowish brown; snout region yellow with two dark spots; dorsal head with dark marking, oval, triangle and arched shape; a dark stripe extending from posterior corner of eye to above tympanum; labials yellow; neck with some large dark blotches, forming a discontinuous band anteriorly and a continuous band posteriorly; dorsum with five transverse dark brown bands between fore and hind limb insertions, edged in yellow anteriorly and posteriorly; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs with dark brown blotches; dorsal surface of tail yelowish brown with two dark bands at base, regenerated part greyish cream; chin, throat, chest, belly and lower limbs pinkish white; ventral surface of tail greyish (Fig. 3). Sexual dimorphism and variation. The females differ from male specimens in the absence of hemipenial swellings at the tail base and having a larger size. The males have 11���13 precloacal pores (versus 5 or 15 pitted scales in females). The tails of paratypes (TBU 0 7 and IEBR 4380) are complete, greyish cream with nine dark brown bands, subcaudals distinctly enlarged approximately three fourths of tail length. For other morphological characters see Table 1. Distribution. Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. is currently known from Tua Chua District in Dien Bien Province and Thuan Chau and Quynh Nhai districts in Son La Province, Vietnam (Fig. 1). Etymology. Specific epithet ��� taybacensis ��� is a toponym in reference to the type locality of the species, meaning ���from northwestern region���. For the common names we suggest Taybac Bent-toed Gecko (English) and Th���ch s��ng ng��n t��y b��c (Vietnamese). Natural history. Specimens were found at night between 19:00 and 21:00, on trees near limestone cliffs and in rock crevices, approximately 0.5���1.5 m above the ground, at elevations between 600 and 720 m asl. The surrounding habitat was disturbed evergreen karst forest of medium hardwood and shrub. The relative humidity was approximately 75���85% and the air temperature ranged from 25 to 34 o C. Comparisons. We compared the new species with its congeners from Vietnam and neighboring countries in mainland Indochina, including Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, China (Yunnan), Thailand, and peninsular Malaysia based on examination of specimens (see Appendix) and data obtained from the literature (Smith 1917, 1921a, b, 1935; Taylor 1963; Ulber & Grossmann 1991; Ulber 1993; Bauer 2002, 2003; Bauer et al. 2002, 2003, 2009, 2010; Ziegler et al. 2002, 2010, 2013; Pauwels & Sumontha 2014; Pauwels et al. 2004, 2013, 2014a, b, 2016; Nguyen et al. 2006, 2014; Hoang et al. 2007; Orlov et al. 2007; Grismer & Ahmad 2008; Ngo 2008, 2011; Ngo & Bauer 2008; Ngo & Chan 2010, 2011; Ngo & Grismer 2010, 2012; Ngo & Pauwels 2010; Ngo et al. 2008, 2010; Sumontha et al. 2010, 2012, 2014; Chan-ard & Makchai 2011; David et al. 2011; Schneider et al. 2011; Luu et al. 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016a, b, c; Grismer et al. 2012, 2016, 2017; Kunya et al. 2014, 2015; Nazarov et al. 2014; Panitvong et al. 2014; Le et al. 2016; Connette et al. 2017; Pham et al. 2017; and Nguyen et al. 2015a, 2017). The new species can be distinguished from other known species of Cyrtodactylus by morphological characters (see Table 2). Below we compared the new species from the closely related species from northern Vietnam and northern Laos. In general appearance, Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. is similar to C. bichnganae Ngo & Grismer, C. cf. bichnganae, C. bobrovi Nguyen, Le, Pham, Ngo, Hoang, Pham & Ziegler, C. chauquangensis Hoang, Orlov, Ananjeva, Johns, Hoang & Dau, C. cucphuongensis Ngo & Chan, C. huongsonensis Luu, Nguyen, Do & Ziegler, C. martini Ngo, C. puhuensis Nguyen, Yang, Le, Nguyen, Orlov, Hoang, Nguyen, Jin, Rao, Hoang, Che, Murphy & Zhang, C. otai Nguyen, Le, Pham, Ngo, Hoang, Pham & Ziegler, C. spelaeus Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov, C. soni Le, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, C. sonlaensis Nguyen, Pham, Ziegler, Ngo & Le, C. vilaphongi Schneider, Nguyen, Duc Le, Nophaseud, Bonkowski & Ziegler, C. wayakonei Nguyen, Kingsada, R��sler, Auer & Ziegler. Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. differs from C. bichnganae by having more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 10) and the absence of femoral pores on each thigh in males (vs. 9); from C. bobrovi by having fewer ventral scale rows (30���38 vs. 40���45), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), the presence of enlarged subcaudals (vs. absent), more preloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 5), and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16���20 vs. 21���22); from C. chauquangensis by the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent) and having more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 6); from C. cucphuongensis by the presence of precloacal pores in males (vs. absent), having fewer ventral scale rows (30���38 vs. 42), fewer lamellae under finger IV (17���19 vs. 21) and under toe IV (16���20 vs. 24); from C. huongsonensis by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (11���14 vs. 7���9), more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 6), and fewer ventral scale rows (30���38 vs. 41���48); from C. martini by having more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 4), fewer ventral scale rows (30���38 vs. 39���43), and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16���20 vs. 22���24); from C. puhuensis by having more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 5) and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16���20 vs. 23); from C. otai by having more preloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 7���8), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), and the presence of enlarged subcaudals (vs. absent); from C. soni by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (11���14 vs. 8���9), more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 6���8), the absence of femoral pores in males (vs. 6���8 on each thigh), and fewer ventral scale rows (30���38 vs. 41���45); from C. sonlaensis by its larger size (SVL reaching 97.5 mm vs. 83.2 mm), the absence of femoral pores in males (vs. 13���15 on each thigh), more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 8), and fewer enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (11���14 vs. 15���17); from C. spelaeus by having more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 8���9) and fewer lamellae under toe IV (16���20 vs. 22���24); from C. vilaphongi by the presence of enlarged subcaudals (vs. absent), the presence of of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), and the presence of pitted scales in females (vs. absent); and from C. wayakonei by having fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13���16 vs. 16���19), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absent), and more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 6���8). Morphologically, Cyrtodactylus taybacensis sp. nov. resembles C. cf. bichnganae. However, the new species can be distinguished from the latter by having more precloacal pores in males (11���13 vs. 7���9 in C. cf. bichnganae) and the absence of femoral pores on each thigh in males (vs. 3���10 in C. cf. bichnganae)., Published as part of Pham, Anh Van, Le, Minh Duc, Ngo, Hanh Thi, Ziegler, Thomas & Nguyen, Truong Quang, 2019, A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northwestern Vietnam, pp. 360-380 in Zootaxa 4544 (3) on pages 364-369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618393, {"references":["Smith, M. A. (1917) Descriptions of new reptiles and a new batrachian from Siam. Journal of Natural History Society of Siam, 2, 221 - 225.","Smith, M. A. (1921 a) New or little-known reptiles and batrachians from southern Annam (Indo-China). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1921, 423 - 440.","Smith, M. A. (1921 b) Reptiles and Batrachians collected on Pulo Condore. Journal Natural History Society, 4 (1920), 93 ‾ 97.","Smith, M. A. (1935) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Fol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 8 + 440 pp.","Taylor, E. H. (1963) Lizards of Thailand. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 687 - 1077.","Ulber, T. & Grossmann, W. (1991) Ein weiterer neuer Gecko aus Zentral-Thailand: Cyrtodactylus papilionoides sp. nov. (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae). Sauria, 13, 13 - 22.","Ulber, T. (1993) Bemerkungen uber cyrtodactyline Geckos aus Thailand nebst Beschreibungen von zwei neuen Arten (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 69, 187 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19930690202","Ziegler, T., Rosler, H., Herrmann, H. - W. & Vu, T. N. (2002) Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis sp. n., ein neuer Bogenfingergecko aus dem annamitischen Karstwaldmassiv, Vietnam. Herpetofauna, 24, 11 - 25.","Ziegler, T., Nazarov, R., Orlov, N., Nguyen, T. Q., Vu, T. N., Dang, K. N., Dinh, T. H. & Schmitz, A. (2010) A third new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2413 (1), 20 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2413.1.2","Ziegler, T., Phung, T. M., Le, M. D. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2013) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phu Yen Province, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3686 (4), 432 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3686.4.2","Sumontha, M., Pauwels, O. S. G., Suwannakarn, N., Nutatheera, N. & Sodob, W. (2014) Cyrtodactylus wangkulangkulae (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new Bent-toed Gecko from Satun Province, southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3821 (1), 116 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3821.1.8","Pauwels, O. S. G., Bauer, A. M., Sumontha, M. & Chanhome, L. (2004) Cyrtodactylus thirakhupti (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 772, 1 - 11.","Pauwels, O. S. G., Sumontha, M., Latinne, A. & Grismer, L. L. (2013) Cyrtodactylus sanook (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Chumphon Province, southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3635 (3), 275 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3635.3.7","Pauwels, O. S. G., Sumontha, M., Keeratikiat, K. & Phanamphon, E. (2014 a) Cyrtodactylus kunyai (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko from Loei Province, northeastern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3821 (2), 253 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3821.2.5","Pauwels, O. S. G., Sumontha, M., Panitvong, N. & Varaguttanonda, V. (2014 b) Cyrtodactylus khelangensis, a new cave-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Lampang Province, northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3755 (6), 584 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3755.6.5","Pauwels, O. S. G., Sumontha, M. & Bauer, A. M. (2016) A new Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. Zootaxa, 4088 (3), 409 - 419. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4088.3.6","Nguyen, S. N., Orlov, N. L. & Darevsky, S. I. (2006) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 13, 215 - 226.","Hoang, Q. X., Orlov, N. L., Ananjeva, N. B., Johns, A. G., Hoang, T. N. & Dau, V. Q. (2007) Description of a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the karst of North Central Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 14, 98 - 106.","Orlov, N. L., Nguyen, Nazarov, R. A., Anajeva, N. B. & Nguyen, S. N. (2007) A new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 and redescription of Cyrtodactylus paradoxus (Darevsky et Szczerbak, 1997) [Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae] from south Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 14, 145 - 152.","Grismer, L. L. & Ahmad, N. (2008) A new insular species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Langkawi Archipelago, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1924, 53 - 68.","Ngo, T. V. & Bauer, A. M. (2008) Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 715, 27 - 42.","Ngo, T. V. & Chan, K. O. (2010) A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1826 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khanh Hoa province, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2504, 47 - 60.","Ngo, T. V. & Chan, K. O. (2011) A new karstic cave-dwelling Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3125, 51 - 63.","Ngo, T. V., Grismer, L. L. & Grismer, J. L. (2010) A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Phu Quoc National Park, Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, southwestern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2604, 37 - 51.","Ngo, T. V. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2010) A new cave-dwelling species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, southern Laos. Zootaxa, 2730, 44 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2730.1.3","Sumontha, M., Panitvong, N. & Deein, G. (2010) Cyrtodactylus auribalteatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Zootaxa, 2370 (1), 53 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2370.1.3","Chan-ard, T. & Makchai, S. (2011) A new insular species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata, Gekkonidae), from the Surin Islands, Phang-nga Province, southern Thailand. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal, 5 (1), 7 - 15.","David, P., Nguyen, T. Q., Schneider, N. & Ziegler, T. (2011) A new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 from central Laos (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Zootaxa, 2833, 29 - 40.","Schneider, N., Nguyen, T. Q., Schmitz, A., Kingsada, P., Auer, M. & Ziegler, T. (2011) A new species of karst dwelling Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northwestern Laos. Zootaxa, 2930, 1 - 21.","Luu, V. Q., Nguyen, T. Q., Do, H. Q. & Ziegler, T. (2011) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Huong Son limestone forest, Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3129, 39 - 50.","Luu, V. Q., Calame, T., Bonkowski, M., Nguyen, T. Q. & Ziegler, T. (2014) A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, Laos. Zootaxa, 3760 (1), 54 ‾ 66. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.1.3","Luu, V. Q., Calame, T., Nguyen, T. Q., Bonkowski, M. & Ziegler, T. (2015) A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the limestone forest of Khammouane Province, central Laos. Zootaxa, 4058 (3), 388 ‾ 402. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4058.3.6","Luu, V. Q., Bonkowski, M., Nguyen, T. Q., Le, M. D., Schneider, N., Ngo, H. T. & Ziegler, T. (2016 a) Evolution in karst massifs: Cryptic diversity among bent-toed geckos along the Truong Son Range with descriptions of three new species and one new country record from Laos. Zootaxa, 4107 (2), 101 ‾ 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4107.2.1","Luu, V. Q., Calame, T., Nguyen, T. Q., Le, M. D., Bonkowski, M. & Ziegler, T. (2016 b) Cyrtodactylus rufford, a new cavedwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, central Laos. Zootaxa, 4067 (2), 185 ‾ 199. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.2.4","Luu, V. Q., Nguyen, T. Q., Le, M. D., Bonkowski, M. & Ziegler, T. (2016 c) A new species of karst-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, central Laos. Zootaxa, 4079 (1), 87 ‾ 102. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.1.6","Grismer, L. L., Wood, P. L. Jr., Quah, E. S. H., Anuar, S., Muin, A., Sumontha, M., Ahmad, N., Bauer, A. M., Wangkulangkul, S., Grismer, J. L. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2012) A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa, 3520, 1 - 55.","Grismer, L. L., Wood, P. L. Jr., Anuar, S., Davis, H. R., Burch, B. T., Cobos, A. J. & Murdoch, M. L. (2016) A new species of karst forest Bent-toed Gecko (genus Cyrtodactylus Gray) not yet threatened by foreign cement companies and a summary of Peninsular Malaysia's endemic karst forest herpetofauna and the need for its conservation, Zootaxa, 4061 (1), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4061.1.1","Grismer, L. L, Wood, P. L. Jr., Thura, M. K., Zin, T., Quah, E. S. H., Murdoch, M. L., Grismer, M. S., Lin, A., Kyaw, H. & Lwin, N. (2017) Twelve new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from isolated limestone habitats in eastcentral and southern Myanmar demonstrate high localized diversity and unprecedented microendemism. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 057","Kunya, K., Panmongkol, A., Pauwels, O. G. S., Sumontha, M., Meewasana, J., Bunkhwamdi, W. & Dangsri, S. (2014) A new forest-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3811 (2), 251 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3811.2.6","Kunya, K., Sumontha, M., Panitvong, N., Dongkumfu, W., Sirisamphan, T. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2015) A new forest-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3905 (4), 573 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3905.4.9","Nazarov, R. A., Poyarkov, N. A., Orlov, N. L., Nguyen, S. N., Milto, K. D., Martynov, A. A., Konstantinov, E. L. & Chulisov, A. S. (2014) A review of genus Cyrtodactylus (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) in fauna of Laos with description of four new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 318, 391 - 423.","Panitvong, N., Sumontha, M., Tunprasert & J. Pauwels, O. S. G. (2014) Cyrtodactylus saiyok sp. nov., a new dry evergreen forest-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Zootaxa, 3869 (1), 64 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3869.1.6","Le, D. T., Nguyen, T. Q., Le, M. D. & Ziegler, T. (2016) A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4162 (2), 268 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4162.2","Connette, G. M., Oswald, P., Thura, M. K., Connette, K. J. L., Grindley, M. E., Songer, M., Zug, R. G. & Mulcahy, G. D. (2017) Rapid forest clearing in a Myanmar proposed national park threatens two newly discovered species of geckos (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus). PLOS ONE, 12 (4), e 0174432. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0174432","Pham, A. V., Pham, N. V., Nguyen, L. D. T., Le, M. D., Do, Q. H., Pham, N. D. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2017) Additional morphological characters and molecular divergence of Cyrtodactylus bichnganae (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Proceedings of the Seventh National Scientific Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources, 2017, pp 554 ‾ 561. [in Vietnamese with English abstract]","Nguyen, T. Q., Le, M. D., Pham, A. V., Ngo, H. N., Hoang, C. V., Pham, C. T. & Ziegler, T. (2015 a) Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3985 (3), 375 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3985.3.3"]}

Parafimbrios vietnamensis sp. nov. Figs. 2–3. Holotype. IEBR A.2018.7 (field number LC2016.8), male, collected by H.V. Tu and H.N. Ngo on 2 nd June 2016 near Hoang Ho Village, Phang So Lin Commune, Sin Ho District, Lai Chau Province (22 0 22.180’N, 103 0 14.485’E), at an elevation of 1,317 m above sea level. Diagnosis. A species of the genus Parafimbrios, characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) rostral laterally with two raised, curved edges; the upper one, together with a horizontal curved ridge of tissue, separate the rostral from the internasals; 2) nasal in contact zone with rostral with curved raised edge; 3) nasal in contact zone with supralabials each with two small oblique, curved raised edges located above first and second as well as above second and third supralabials; 4) suture between the internasals much longer than that between the prefrontals; 5) supralabials 8, with the first four bearing raised edges; 6) infralabials 7; mental and anterior three to four infralabials with raised edges; 7) temporals 4+4–5; 8) 35–33–29 dorsal scale rows; 9) laterally rounded ventrals 164; 10) unpaired subcaudals 49; 11) total length of at least 266 mm in males (with a tail length of 44 mm, and a TaL/TL ratio of 0.165). Description of holotype. Total length 266 mm (snout-vent length 222 mm, tail length 44 mm); TaL/TL ratio 0.165; body slender, cylindrical; head length 7.2 mm (from tip of snout to hind margin of parietal); head not distinct from neck, dorsally covered with large shields; eye small, with vertically sub-elliptic pupil; right maxilla with ca. 27 small, curved, subequal teeth, progressively slightly enlarged posteriorly. Rostral triangular, not visible from above; the sides of the rostral each with two raised, curved edges; the upper one, together with a horizontal curved ridge of tissue at the outermost front of the internasals separate the rostral from the internasals; suture between the internasals (1.7 mm) much longer than that between the prefrontals (0.7 mm); nostril in the anterior part of a large, concave nasal; nasal in contact zone with rostral with curved raised edge, extending from horizontal, curved ridge of tissue in front of each internasal to first supralabial; nasal in contact zone with supralabials each with two small oblique, curved raised edges located above first and second as well as above second and third supralabials; frontal slightly broader than long, rounded at both sides in front, much shorter than the parietals, from anterior tip subdivided in middle for most part (3/4) of its length; loreal large, heptagonal, extending from the nasal to the eye; one small preocular, at the upper front of eye; one supraocular, wider than high; two postoculars on both sides, the upper one hexagonal, being much larger, the lower one elongated, reaching somewhat below the eye; on the right side a very small third postocular, discernible, reaching somewhat above the eye; one large pentagonal to hexagonal subocular; four anterior and four (left) to five (right) posterior temporals each; eight supralabials, the first five very small, with the first four bearing raised edges, the last one much elongated; sixth and seventh supralabials in contact with the subocular; one mental, followed by seven infralabials; mental and anterior three to four infralabials with their raised edges; first pair of infralabials in contact with each other; first five infralabials in contact with the single pair of enlarged chin shields; chin shields covering nearly the whole of the chin in front, in contact with the first ventral; no posterior chin-shields. Dorsal scales small, cycloid, keeled from region behind the neck onwards; 33 scale rows at midbody, every second of the outermost row distinctly enlarged; ca. 35 scales round the anterior part of the body, and 29 dorsal scale rows at posterior body; correspondence of two dorsal scale rows per ventral plate throughout the body; distinct, laterally rounded ventrals 164; single subcaudals 49, without tail tip; cloacal entire; tail moderate. The left hemipenis basally everted. Coloration of holotype in preservation. The ethanol-preserved holotype brownish-black above, with broad yellow neck band widening towards the venter and stretching to the chin region; dorsal head surface in part reddish-brown, in particular in the middle of parietals and frontal; venter greyish-brown, lighter anteriorly, darker towards tail region; ventrals anteriorly and laterally darker. Etymology. Analogous to the naming of the recent Parafimbrios discovery from Laos (P. lao) we name the new species from Vietnam after the country of origin. Distribution. Parafimbrios vietnamensis sp. nov. currently is only known from the type locality in Lai Chau Province, Vietnam (Fig. 4). Natural history. The male holotype of Parafimbrios vietnamensis sp. nov. was discovered at 21:00 at an elevation of 1,317 m a.s.l. in a forest valley. It was drizzling at the time of capture with the air temperature at the site being 24 ° C and the relative humidity 85%. The surrounding habitat was disturbed limestone karst forest and fragmented with hill agricultural fields.

We assessed taxonomic relationship of Tylototriton daweishanensis Zhao, Rao, Liu, Li and Yuan, 2012 and T. yangi Hou, Li and Lu, 2012 using mitochondrial DNA sequence data and found them to be as closely related as to be regarded as conspecific. This result, together with available morphological information, strongly indicates that T. daweishanensis is a junior synonym of T. yangi.

Cyrtodactylus sonlaensis sp. nov. (Figs. 3–5) Holotype. IEBR A.2017.1 (Field No. SL 2016.68), adult male, collected on 18 June 2016 by A.V. Pham and H.V. Tu, in the karst forest near Bang Village (21o05.700’N, 104o48.179’E, elevation 1050 m above sea level, asl.), Muong Bang Commune, Phu Yen District, Son La Province, northwestern Vietnam. Paratypes. TBU 2017.1 (Field No. SL2016.67, subadult male), IEBR A.2017.2 (Field No. SL 2016.69, adult female), the same data as the holotype; VNMN 2017.1 (Field No. SL 2016.467, adult female), collected on 28 October 2016 by A.V. Pham and T.Q.L. Hoang, in the karst forest near Bang Village (21o06.406’N, 104o47.810’E, elevation 890 m a.s.l.), Muong Bang Commune, Phu Yen District, Son La Province, northwestern Vietnam. Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the genus Cyrtodactylus by a combination of the following characters: medium size (SVL up to 83.2 mm); dorsal tubercles in 13–15 irregular rows; 34–42 ventral scale rows; ventrolateral folds present without interspersed tubercles; 15–17 enlarged femoral scales on each thigh; femoral pores 14 or 15 on each thigh of males, absent in females; precloacal pores 8, in a continuous row in males, absent in females; postcloacal tubercles 2 or 3; lamellae under toe IV 18–21; dorsal head with dark brown marking, oval and arched shape; nuchal loop discontinuous; five brown dorsal bands between limb insertions, third and fourth discontinuous; subcaudal scales transversely enlarged. Description of holotype. Adult male, snout-vent length (SVL) 77.5 mm; body elongate (AG/SVL 0.46); head distinguished from neck, elongate, depressed (HL/SVL 0.28, HW/HL 0.69, HH/HL 0.44); supranasals in contact with each other anteriorly, separated from each other by a small scale posteriorly; nares oval, surrounded by supranasal, rostral, first supralabial, and three postnasals; loreal region concave; snout long (SE/HL 0.41), round anteriorly, longer than diameter of orbit (OD/SE 0.67); snout scales small, round, granular, larger than those in frontal and parietal regions; eye large (OD/HL 0.28), pupils vertical; upper eyelid fringe with spinous scales; ear opening oval, obliquely directed, small in size (ED/HL 0.09); rostral wider than high (RH/RW 0.71) with a medial suture, bordered by first supralabial, nostril and supranasal on each side; mental triangular, as wide as rostral (RW 3.1 mm, MW 3.0 mm), wider than high (ML/MW 0.76); postmentals two, enlarged, in contact posteriorly, bordered by mental anteriorly, first infralabial laterally, and an enlarged chin scale posteriorly; supralabials 11/11; infralabials 11/9. Dorsal scales granular; dorsal tubercles round, 3 or 4 times larger than the size of adjoining scales, conical, present on occiput, back and tail base, each surrounded by 9–11 granular scales, in 14 or 15 irregular longitudinal rows at midbody; ventral scales smooth, medial scales 2 or 3 times larger than dorsal scales, round, subimbricate, largest posteriorly, in 34–36 longitudinal rows at midbody; lateral skin folds distinct, without tubercles; gular region with homogeneous smooth scales; ventral scales between mental and cloacal slit 189–193 (counted three times); precloacal groove absent; three rows of enlarged scales present in posterior region of pore-bearing scales; femoral pores bearing scales enlarged, in a continuous row with pore-bearing precloacal scales on the left side but separated from pore-bearing precloacal scales by 2 poreless femoral scales on the right side; femoral pores 15/14; precloacal pores eight, in a continuous row. Fore and hind limbs moderately slender (ForeaL/SVL 0.17, CrusL/SVL 0.24); dorsal surface of forelimbs covered by few slightly developed tubercles; dorsal surface of hind limbs covered by distinctly developed tubercles; interdigital webbing weakly developed; subdigital lamellae: finger I 14/15 (with 6/6 basally broadened lamellae), finger II 17/17 (7/7), finger III 16/18 (7/7), finger IV 18/17 (7/7), finger V 18/17 (8/7), toe I 15/16 (6/6), toe II 18/17 (7/7), toe III 17/18 (7/7), toe IV -/18 (8/7), toe V 20/19 (8/7). Tail complete, longer than snout-vent length (TaL 96.5 mm, Tal/SVL 1.24); postcloacal tubercles 3/3; dorsal tail base with distinct tubercles; subcaudals distinctly enlarged, smooth. Cyrtodactylus sonlaensis sp.nov. Cyrtodactylus otai......continued on the next page Cyrtodactylus sonlaensis sp.nov. Cyrtodactylus otai Coloration in preservative. Ground color of dorsal head and back greyish brown; snout region yellowish with three dark brown spots; dorsal head with dark brown marking, oval and arched shape; a dark stripe extending from posterior corner of eye rearwards to above tympanum; labials brown with cream sutures; neck with some large dark blotches, forming a discontinuous band anteriorly and a continuous band posteriorly; dorsum with five transverse dark brown bands between fore and hind limb insertions, edged in white anteriorly and posteriorly, third and fourth bands broken; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs with dark brown blotches; tail greyish cream with ten dark brown bands; chin, throat, chest, belly and lower limbs cream; ventral surface of tail grey with seven dark brown bands. For coloration in life see Fig. 3. Sexual dimorphism and variation. The females differ from male specimens in the absence of precloacalfemoral pores and hemipenial swellings at the tail base. For other morphological characters see Table 2. Distribution. Cyrtodactylus sonlaensis sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality in Phu Yen District, Son La Province, Vietnam (Fig. 1). Etymology. The specific epithet “ sonlaensis ” refers to the type locality, Son La Province, where the new species was discovered. Natural history. Specimens were found at night between 19:00 and 21:00, on trees near limestone cliffs and in rock crevices, about 0.1–2.0 m above the ground, at elevations between 900 and 1200 m a.s.l. The surrounding habitat was disturbed evergreen karst forest of medium hardwood and shrub. The humidity was approximately 80– 90% and the air temperature ranged from 22 to 29o C. Comparisons. We compared the new species with its congeners from Vietnam and neighboring countries in mainland Indochina, including Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand based on examination of specimens (see Appendix) and data obtained from the literature (Smith 1917, 1921a, b, 1935; Taylor 1963; Ulber 1993; Bauer 2002, 2003; Bauer et al. 2002, 2003, 2009, 2010; Ziegler et al. 2002, 2010, 2013; Pauwels & Sumontha 2014; Pauwels et al. 2004, 2013, 2014a, b, 2016; Nguyen et al. 2006, 2014; Hoang et al. 2007; Orlov et al. 2007; Grismer & Ahmad; Ngo 2008; Ngo & Bauer 2008; Ngo & Grismer 2010, 2012; Ngo & Pauwels 2010; Ngo & Chan 2010, 2011; Ngo et al. 2008, 2010; Sumontha et al. 2010, 2012, 2014; Chan-ard & Makchai, 2011; David et al. 2011; Schneider et al. 2011; Luu et al. 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016a, b, c; Grismer et al. 2012; Kunya et al. 2014, 2015; Nazarov et al. 2014; Panitvong et al. 2014; Le et al. 2016; and Connette et al. 2017). Cyrtodactylus sonlaensis sp. nov. has distinctly enlarged subcaudals, which are only slightly or not enlarged in the following species: C. ayeyarwadyensis Bauer, C. bidoupimontis Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler, C. bobrovi Nguyen, Le, Pham, Ngo, Hoang, Pham & Ziegler, C. brevidactylus Bauer, C. brevipalmatus (Smith), C. bugiamapensis Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler, C. buchardi David, Teynié & Ohler, C. cattienensis Geissler, Nazarov, Orlov, Böhme, Phung, Nguyen & Ziegler, C. cryptus Heidrich, Rösler, Vu, Böhme & Ziegler, C. cucdongensis Schneider, Phung, Le, Nguyen & Ziegler, C. dati Ngo, C. gunungsenyumensis Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Davis, Cobos & Murdoch, C. gansi Bauer, C. hitchi Riyanto, Kurniati & Engilis, C. huynhi Ngo & Bauer, C. irregularis (Smith), C. mandalayensis Mahony, C. martini Ngo, C. otai Nguyen, Le, Pham, Ngo, Hoang, Pham & Ziegler, C. papilionoides Ulber & Grossmann, C. phuocbinhensis Nguyen, Le, Tran, Orlov, Lathrop, Macculloch, Le, Jin, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoang, Che, Murphy & Zhang, C. pseudoquadrivirgatus Rösler, Vu, Nguyen, Ngo & Ziegler, C. quadrivirgatus Taylor, C. ranongensis Sumontha, Pauwels, Panitvong, Kunya & Grismer, C. slowinskii Bauer, C. sommerladi Luu, Bonkowski, Nguyen, Le, Schneider, Ngo & Ziegler, C. tamaiensis (Smith), C. taynguyenensis Nguyen, Le, Tran, Orlov, Lathrop, Macculloch, Le, Jin, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoang, Che, Murphy & Zhang, C. thuongae Phung, Van Schingen, Ziegler & Nguyen, C. vilaphongi Schneider, Nguyen, Duc Le, Nophaseud, Bonkowski & Ziegler, C. wakeorum Bauer, C. wayakonei Nguyen, Kingsada, Rösler, Auer & Ziegler, C. ziegleri Nazarov, Orlov, Nguyen & Ho. Cyrtodactylus sonlaensis sp. nov. differs from C. aequalis Bauer by the absence of precloacal pores in females (vs. 9), fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–15 vs. 24), and more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 24); from C. annandalei Bauer by its larger size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 49.0–55.0 mm), more precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 12–24), and fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–15 vs. 16–18); from C. angularis (Smith) by having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 3), the absence of precloacal pores in females (vs. 3), and the presence of femoral pores in males (vs. absence); from C. astrum Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels by having fewer dark caudal bands (10 vs. 13–14); from C. auribalteatus Sumontha, Panitvong & Deein by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 5– 7), more femoral pores on each thigh in males (14–15 vs. 4–5), and more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 6); from C. badenensis Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky by having more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 25–29), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absence), and the presence of precloacal-femoral pores in males (vs. absence); from C. bichnganae Ngo & Grismer by its smaller size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 95.3–99.9 mm), having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 11–13), more femoral pores on each thigh in males (14–15 vs. 9), and fewer precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 10); from C. bansocensis Luu, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler by having more precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 34), more infralabials (9–11 vs. 8), and more ventral scales at midbody (189–202 vs. 158–170); from C. calamei Luu, Bonkowski, Nguyen, Le, Schneider, Ngo & Ziegler by having fewer postcloacal tubercles (2–3 vs. 4) and the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 38); from C. caovansungi Orlov, Nguyen, Nazarov, Ananjeva & Nguyen by its smaller size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 90.4–94.0 mm), having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 8), more femoral pores on each thigh in males (14–15 vs. 6), fewer lamellae under finger IV (17–19 vs. 22) and under toe IV (18–21 vs. 23–25); from C. chanhomeae Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels by having more precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 32) and the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 34); from C. chauquangensis Hoang, Orlov, Ananjeva, Johns, Hoang & Dau by its smaller size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 90.9–99.3 mm), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absence), the presence of femoral pores in males (vs. absence), having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 6), and the absence of precloacal pores in females (vs. 7); from C. chrysopylos Bauer by having fewer precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 10) and the presence of femoral pores in males (vs. absence); from C. condorensis (Smith) by having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 4–7) and a different dorsal color pattern (banded vs. blotched); from C. consobrinoides (Annandale) by its larger size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 48.0 mm), more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 4), and more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 24–30); from C. cucphuongensis Ngo & Chan, by its smaller size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 96.0 mm), the presence of precloacal-femoral pores in males (vs. absence), having fewer lamellae under finger IV (17–19 vs. 21), and under toe IV (18–21 vs. 24); from C. darevskii Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov by having fewer precloacalfemoral pores in males (37 vs. 38–44) and the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 24–34); from C. doisuthep Kunya, Panmongkol, Pauwels, Sumontha, Meewasana, Bunkhwamdi & Dangsri by its smaller size (SVL reaching 83.2 mm vs. 90.5 mm), having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 6) and fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–15 vs. 19–20); from C. dumnuii Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya by having more precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 17–19), the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 0–7), and more lamellae under finger IV (17–19 vs. 16); from C. eisenmanae Ngo by having fewer ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 44–45), more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 4–6), and the presence of precloacal-femoral pores in males (vs. absence); from C. erythrops Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Panitvong, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya by having more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 28), fewer precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 9), more lamellae under finger IV (17–19 vs. 16), and a different dorsal color pattern (banded vs. blotched); from C. feae Boulenger by its larger size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 45.0 mm) and the presence of precloacal-femoral pores in males (vs. absence); from C. grismeri Ngo by the presence of precloacal-femoral pores in males (vs. absence) and the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absence); from C. hinnamnoensis Luu, Bonkowski, Nguyen, Le, Schneider, Ngo & Ziegler by its smaller size (SVL reaching 83.2 mm vs. 100.6 mm) and having fewer postcloacal tubercles (2–3 vs. 4–5); from C. hontreensis Ngo, Grismer & Grismer by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 2–5); from C. huongsonensis Luu, Nguyen, Do & Ziegler by its smaller size (SVL reaching 83.2 mm vs. 89.8 mm), having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 7–9), more precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 23), and the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 23); from C. interdigitalis Ulber by having fewer femoral pores on each thigh in males (14–15 vs. 16–18) and fewer precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 14); from C. intermedius (Smith) by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 6–10), the presence of femoral pores (vs. absent), having fewer lamellae under finger IV (17– 19 vs. 20) and under toe IV (18–21 vs. 22); from C. inthanon Kunya, Sumontha, Panitvong, Dongkumfu, Sirisamphan & Pauwels by having fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–15 vs. 18–20), more femoral pores on each thigh in males (14–15 vs. 6), and more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 5); from C. jaegeri Luu, Calame, Bonkowski, Nguyen & Ziegler by having more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 31–32), fewer precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 44), and the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 24); from C. jarujini Ulber, by its smaller size (SVL 71.2–83.2 mm vs. 85.0–90.0 mm), having fewer precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 52–54), generally more lamellae under finger IV (17–19 vs. 15–17), and a different dorsal color pattern (banded vs. blotched); from C. khammouanensis Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov by having fewer precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 40–44); from C. khelangensis Pauwels, Sumontha, Panitvong & Varaguttanonda by having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 2–5), fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–15 vs. 16–20), more femoral pores on each thigh in males (14–15 vs. 6) and the absence of precloacal pores in females (vs. 6); from C. kingsadai Ziegler, Phung, Le & Nguyen by having more enlarged femoral scales on each thigh (15–17 vs. 9–12), more femoral pores on each thigh in the males (14–15 vs. 1–4), and the absence of precloacal pores in females (vs. 4–8); from C. kunyai Pauwels, Sumontha, Keeratikiat & Phanamphon by having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 3) and fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–15 vs. 16–20); from C. lekaguli Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels by the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 33–43); from C. lenya Mulcahy, Thura & Zug by the presence of precloacal-femoral pores in males (vs. absence) and more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 29); from C. lomyenensis Ngo & Pauwels by having fewer precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 39–40) and the absence of precloacal-femoral pores in females (vs. 32); from C. macrotuberculatus Grismer & Ahmad by its smaller size (SVL reaching 83.2 mm vs. 120.0 mm), more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 17–28) and fewer dorsal tubercle rows (13–15 vs. 19–27); from C. multiporus Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov by having fewer precloacal-femoral pores in males (37 vs. 58–60); from C. nigriocularis Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky by having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 0–2), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absence), the presence of femoral pores in males (vs. absence), and a different dorsal color pattern (banded vs. uniformly brown); from C. oldhami (Theobald) by having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 1–4), the presence of femoral pores in males (vs. absence), and a different dorsal color pattern (banded vs. striped and spotted); from C. pageli Schneider, Nguyen, Schmitz, Kingsada, Auer & Ziegler by having more precloacal pores in males (8 vs. 4), the presence of enlarged femoral scales (vs. absence), the presence of femoral pores in males (vs. absence), and the absence of precloacal pores in females (vs. 4); from C. payarhtanensis Mulcahy, Thura & Zug by the presence of precloacal-femoral pores in males (vs. absence) and having more ventral scale rows (34–42 vs. 26– 32); from C. peguensis Boulenger by the presence of femoral pores in males (vs. absence) and a diffe

Cyrtodactylus bobrovi sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4) Holotype. IEBR A. 2015.29 (HVC 2014.1), adult male, collected on 21 May 2014 by C. V. Hoang, in karst forest near Hau 3 Village (20 o 25.034 ���N, 105 o 23.107 ���E, elevation 440 m a.s.l.), Ngoc Lau Commune, within Ngoc Son��� Ngo Luong NR, Lac Son District, Hoa Binh Province, northwestern Vietnam. Paratypes. VNMN A. 2015.61 (HVC 2014.2), adult male, the same data as the holotype; IEBR A. 2015.30 (HB. 2014.96), adult female, collected on 19 April 2014 by C. T. Pham and H. N. Ngo, in karst forest near Khu Village (20 o 27.838 ���N, 105 o 18.423 ���E, elevation 618 m a.s.l.), Ngoc Son Commune; VFM 2015.1 (HB 2014.203), adult female, collected on 9 October 2014 by T.Q. Nguyen and C. T. Pham in karst forest near Cho Village (20 o 25.070 ���N, 105 o 19.060 ���E, elevation 195 m a.s.l.), Tu Do Commune, within Ngoc Son���Ngo Luong NR, Lac Son District Hoa Binh Province, northwestern Vietnam. Diagnosis. The new species differs from other members of the genus Cyrtodactylus from Indochina by a combination of the following characters: medium size (SVL up to 96.4 mm); ciliaria 33���37, dorsal tubercles in 12��� 14 irregular rows; 40���45 ventral scale rows; ventrolateral folds indistinct without interspersed tubercles; precloacal pores absent in females, 5 in males, in a continuous row; enlarged femoral scales absent; 1���3 postcloacal tubercles; subcaudals slightly enlarged; lamellae under toe IV 21 or 22; head and neck with dark blotches; nuchal loop discontinuous; five or six dorsal brown bands between limb insertions. Description of holotype. Adult male, snout-vent length (SVL) 77.6 mm; body slender, elongate (AG/SVL 0.38); head distinctly distinguished from neck, elongate, depressed (HL/SVL 0.28, HW/HL 0.66, HH/HL 0.41); loreal region concave; snout long (SE/HL 0.42), round anteriorly, longer than diameter of orbit (OD/SE 0.64); snout scales small, round, granular, larger than those on frontal and parietal regions; eye large (OD/HL 0.27), pupils vertical; upper eyelid fringe with spinuous scales; ear oval-shaped, small (ED/HL 0.06); rostral wider than high with a short medial suture, bordered by first supralabial, nostril and supranasal on each side; supranasals in contact medially; nares round, surrounded by supranasal, rostral, first supralabial, and three postnasals; mental triangular, as wide as rostral (RW 3.2 mm, MW 3.1 mm); postmentals two, enlarged, in broad contact posteriorly, bordered by mental anteriorly, first infralabial laterally, and an enlarged chin scale posteriorly; supralabials 11 / 10; infralabials 10 / 10. Dorsal scales granular; dorsal tubercles round, conical, present on occipital region and back, each surrounded by 8���9 granular scales, in 12 or 13 irregular longitudinal rows at midbody; ventral scales smooth, medial scales 2 or 3 times larger than dorsal scales, round, subimbricate, largest posteriorly, in 41 or 42 longitudinal rows at midbody; lateral skin folds indistinct without tubercles; gular region with homogeneous smooth scales; 212 ventral scales between mental and cloacal slit; precloacal groove absent; enlarged femoral scales absent; two rows of enlarged scales present in posterior region of pore-beared scales; femoral pores absent, precloacal pores 5, in a continuous row, pore-bearing scales enlarged. Fore and hind limbs moderately slender (ForeaL/SVL 0.17, CrusL/SVL 0.20); forelimbs dorsally covered by few slightly developed tubercles; hindlimb dorsally covered by distinctly developed tubercles; fingers and toes without distinct webbing; each claw bordered by two scales; subdigital lamellae: finger I 14 (with 4 basally broadened lamellae), finger II 17 (5), finger III 20 (6), finger IV 20 (6), finger V 19 (6), toe I 14 (4), toe II 18 (6), toe III 19 (6), toe IV 22 (8), toe V 23 (7). Tail regenerated (TaL 56.8 mm); postcloacal tubercles 2 / 3; dorsal surface of tail base bearing distinct tubercles. Coloration in preservative. Ground color of dorsal head and back greyish brown; a narrow brown band present in snout region; dorsal head with dark brown marking; a dark stripe extending from posterior corner of eye rearwards to above tympanum and two large blotches on neck, forming a broken nuchal loop posteriorly; labials brown with cream bars; neck with some large dark blotches; dorsum with five transverse dark brown bands between fore- and hind-limb insertions, edged in white anteriorly and posteriorly, dorsolateral region with some dark brown blotches; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs with dark blotches and bars; original part of tail with a dark brown band, edged in white posteriorly, regenerated part dark grey without bands; chin, throat, chest, belly and lower limbs cream; ventral surface of regenerated tail dark grey without bands. For coloration in life see Fig. 3. Sexual dimorphism and variation. The females differ from the males by having a slender body, the absence of precloacal pores and hemipenial swellings at the tail base. Two females have complete tails with slightly enlarged subcaudals. The nuchal band is discontinuous in the holotype but continuous in the paratypes. For other morphological characters see Tables 3,4. Distribution. Cyrtodactylus bobrovi is currently known only from the type locality, Ngoc Son���Ngo Luong NR in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam (Fig. 6). Etymology. We name this new species in honor of Dr. Vladimir V. Bobrov, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, in recognition of his remarkable contributions towards lizard research in Vietnam. We suggest the following common names: Bobrov���s Bent-toed Gecko (English), Th���ch s��ng ng��n b��-b-r��p (Vietnamese). Natural history. Specimens were found at night between 16: 40 and 22: 30. The surrounding habitat was disturbed evergreen forest of medium/small hardwoods and shrubs at elevations between 195 and 618 m a.s.l. Three specimens were found on limestone cliffs near cave entrances, approximately 0.5���0.8 m above the ground and one specimen (IEBR A. 2015.30) was collected on a tree trunk approximately 0.5 m above the forest floor. The humidity was approximately 75���90 % and the air temperature ranged from 23 to 30 o C. The female paratypes did not contain developed eggs., Published as part of Nguyen, Truong Quang, Le, Minh Duc, Pham, Anh Van, Ngo, Hai Ngoc, Hoang, Chung Van, Pham, Cuong The & Ziegler, Thomas, 2015, Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam, pp. 375-390 in Zootaxa 3985 (3) on pages 385-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233731

Cyrtodactylus otai sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3) Holotype. IEBR A. 2015.26 (HB 2014.8), adult male, collected on 11 April 2014 by T. Q. Nguyen, C. T. Pham, M. D. Le, and H. N. Ngo (hereafter TQN et al.), in karst forest near Hang Kia Village (20 o 44.347 ���N, 104 o 53.392 ���E, elevation 1232 m a.s.l.), Hang Kia Commune, within Hang Kia���Pa Co NR, Mai Chau District, Hoa Binh Province, northwestern Vietnam. Paratypes. IEBR A. 2015.27 (HB. 2014.7), adult male, ZFMK 96721 (HB 2014.9), adult male, IEBR A. 2015.28 (HB 2014.10), adult female, the same data as the holotype; VNMN A. 2015.60 (HB. 2014.1), adult female, collected on 10 April 2014 by TQN et al., in karst forest near Hang Kia Village (20 o 43.502 ���N, 104 o 54.292 ���E, elevation 981 m a.s.l.) within Hang Kia���Pa Co NR, Hoa Binh Province, northwestern Vietnam. Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the genus Cyrtodactylus from Indochina by a combination of the following characters: medium size (SVL up to 90.6 mm); ciliaria 26���30, dorsal tubercles in 11���14 irregular rows; 38���43 ventral scale rows; ventrolateral folds present without interspersed tubercles; precloacal pores absent in females, 7���8 in males, in a continuous row; enlarged femoral scales absent; 2 or 3 postcloacal tubercles; subcaudals slightly enlarged; lamellae under toe IV 19���22; head and neck with dark blotches; nuchal loop discontinuous; five or six brown dorsal bands between limb insertions. Description of holotype. Adult male, snout-vent length (SVL) 86.8 mm; body elongate (AG/SVL 0.43); head distinguished from neck, elongate, depressed (HL/SVL 0.28, HW/HL 0.73, HH/HL 0.41); loreal region concave; snout long (SE/HL 0.40), round anteriorly, longer than diameter of orbit (OD/SE 0.67); snout scales small, round, granular, larger than those on frontal and parietal regions; eye large (OD/HL 0.27), pupils vertical; upper eyelid fringe with spinuous scales; ear oval���shaped, small (ED/HL 0.1); rostral wider than high with a medial suture, bordered by first supralabial, nostril and supranasal on each side; supranasals separated from each other by two small scales; nares round, surrounded by supranasal, rostral, first supralabial, and three postnasals; mental triangular, slightly narrower than rostral (RW 4.2 mm, MW 3.9 mm); postmentals two, enlarged, in broad contact posteriorly, bordered by mental anteriorly, first infralabial laterally, and an enlarged chin scale posteriorly; supralabials 9 / 9; infralabials 9 / 9. Dorsal scales granular; dorsal tubercles round, conical, present on occipital region and back, each surrounded by 8���9 granular scales, in 12 or 13 irregular longitudinal rows at midbody; ventral scales smooth, medial scales 2 or 3 times larger than dorsal scales, round, subimbricate, largest posteriorly, in 42 or 43 longitudinal rows at midbody; lateral skin folds distinct without tubercles; gular region with homogeneous smooth scales; 180 ventral scales between mental and cloacal slit; precloacal groove absent; enlarged femoral scales absent; two rows of enlarged scales present in posterior region of pore-beared scales; femoral pores absent, precloacal pores 7, in a continuous row, pore-bearing scales enlarged. Fore and hind limbs moderately slender (ForeaL/SVL 0.16, CrusL/SVL 0.19); forelimbs dorsally covered by few slightly developed tubercles; hindlimb dorsally covered by distinctly developed tubercles; fingers and toes without distinct webbing; each claw bordered by two scales; subdigital lamellae: finger I 13 (with 4 basally broadened lamellae), finger II 16 (5), finger III 19 (7), finger IV 19 (7), finger V 18 (6), toe I 14 (5), toe II 18 (7), toe III 20 (8), toe IV 22 (9), toe V 21 (8). Tail complete, longer than snout���vent length (TaL 97.6 mm, Tal/SVL 1.12); postcloacal tubercles 3 / 3; dorsal tail base with distinct tubercles; subcaudals slightly enlarged, flat, smooth. Coloration in preservative. Ground color of dorsal head and back greyish cream; a narrow dark brown band present in snout region; dorsal head with dark brown marking, oval, arched and lozenge shape; a dark stripe extending from posterior corner of eye rearwards to above tympanum, forming a broken nuchal loop posteriorly; labials brown with cream sutures; neck with some large dark blotches, forming a discontinuous band; dorsum with six transverse dark brown bands between fore- and hind-limb insertions, edged in white anteriorly and posteriorly; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs with dark blotches and bars; tail greyish cream with nine dark brown bands; chin, throat, chest, belly and lower limbs cream; ventral surface of tail grey with seven dark brown bands. For coloration in life see Fig. 2. Species Cyrtodactylus otai sp. nov. Cyrtodactylus bobrovi sp. nov. TABLE 4. Scalati��n ��f Cyrtodactylus otai sp. nov. and Cyrtodactylus bobrovi sp. nov. fr��m H��a Binh Pr��vince, vietnam (M = male, F = female, min = minimum, max = maximum, ��ther abbreviati��ns defined in the text). Cyrtodactylus otai sp. nov. Cyrtodactylus bobrovi sp. nov. Species IEBR ��FMK IEBR IEBR vNMN Min���Max IEBR vNMN IEBR vFM Min���Max A. 2015.26 96721 A. 2015.27 A. 2015.28 A. 2015.60 (N = 5) A. 2015.29 A. 2015.61 A. 2015.30 2015.1 (N = 4) H��l��type Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype H��l��type Paratype Paratype Paratype Sex M M M F F M M F F SL 9 ��� 9 9 ��� 10 10 ��� 11 10 ��� 10 11 ��� 10 9 ��� 11 11 ��� 10 9 ��� 9 11 ��� 10 10 ��� 10 9 ��� 11 IL 9 ��� 9 10 ��� 10 10 ��� 11 10 ��� 11 10 ��� 11 9 ��� 11 10 ��� 10 10 ��� 10 10 ��� 10 9 ��� 9 9 ��� 10 N 5 ��� 5 4 ��� 5 5 ��� 5 5 ��� 5 4 ��� 4 4 ��� 5 5 ��� 5 5 ��� 5 5 ��� 5 4 ��� 4 4 ��� 5 IN 1 0 0 0 0 0��� 1 0 0 0 0 0 CIL 26 ��� 27 26 ��� 27 28 ��� 29 28 ��� 30 26 ��� 28 26 ��� 30 35 ��� 37 35 ��� 36 36 ��� 37 33 ��� 34 33 ��� 37 PM 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 GS�� 8 ��� 9 8 ��� 9 9 ��� 10 8 ��� 9 9 ��� 10 8 ��� 10 9 ��� 10 9 ��� 10 9 ��� 10 9 ��� 10 9 ��� 10 v 41 ��� 43 38 ��� 40 40 ��� 42 42 ��� 43 38 ��� 40 38 ��� 43 40-42 44 ��� 45 40 ��� 43 40 ��� 41 40 ��� 45 SLB 183 ��� 185 184 ��� 186 186 ��� 188 185 ��� 187 188 ��� 191 183 ��� 191 212 ��� 215 206 ��� 207 196 ��� 197 195 ��� 197 195 ��� 215 EFS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PP 7 8 7 0 0 7 ��� 8 5 5 0 0 5 PA�� 3 ��� 3 3 ��� 3 2 ��� 3 3 ��� 3 2 ��� 2 2 ��� 3 2 ��� 3 1 ��� 1 2 ��� 2 2 ��� 2 1 ��� 3 ��ubR 12 ��� 13 13 ��� 14 12 ��� 13 13 ��� 14 11 ��� 13 11 ��� 14 12 ��� 14 12 ��� 13 13-14 12 -13 12 ��� 14 NSF 4 + 9 3 + 9 4 + 9 3 + 10 4 + 10 12 ��� 14 4 + 10 4 + 10 4 + 11 4 + 11 14 ��� 15 II 5 + 11 5 + 10 5 + 10 5 + 11 5 + 10 15 ��� 16 5 + 12 5 + 11 5 + 11 5 + 11 16 ��� 17 III 7 + 12 6 + 12 6 + 11 5 + 13 6 + 12 17 ��� 19 6 + 14 6 + 14 6 + 14 5 + 13 18 ��� 20 Iv 7 + 12 5 + 11 6 + 12 6 + 12 7 + 12 16 ��� 19 6 + 14 7 + 13 6 + 15 5 + 14 19 ��� 21 v 6 + 12 5 + 11 6 + 11 6 + 11 5 + 12 16 ��� 18 6 + 13 6 + 11 6 + 12 6 + 12 17 ��� 19 NS�� 5 + 9 4 + 9 5 + 9 5 + 8 4 + 10 13 ��� 14 4 + 10 4 + 10 5 + 10 4 + 10 14 ��� 15 II 7 + 11 6 + 11 6 + 11 6 + 11 6 + 11 17 ��� 18 6 + 12 6 + 12 7 + 12 6 + 12 18 ��� 19 III 8 + 12 7 + 13 7 + 12 7 + 12 6 + 13 19 ��� 20 6 + 13 6 + 12 6 + 15 6 + 12 18 ��� 21 Iv 9 + 13 8 + 12 8 + 12 8 + 14 7 + 12 19 ��� 22 8 + 14 8 + 14 6 + 15 6 + 15 21 ��� 22 v 8 + 13 7 + 14 7 + 14 8 + 13 6 + 14 20 ��� 21 7 + 16 7 + 14 7 + 15 8 + 14 21 ��� 23 Sexual dimorphism and variation. The females differ from the males in the absence of precloacal pores and hemipenial swellings at the tail base. There is a dark brown blotch in the middle of the neck of the holotype and one paratype (VNMN A. 2015.60) but absent in three other paratypes. For other morphological characters see Tables 3, 4. Distribution. Cyrtodactylus otai is currently known only from the type locality, Hang Kia���Pa Co Nature Reserve in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam (Fig. 6). Etymology. We name this new species in honor of Prof. Dr. Hidetoshi Ota, Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Japan, in recognition of his outstanding contributions towards gecko systematics. As common names we suggest Ota���s Bent-toed Gecko (English), Th���ch s��ng ng��n ��-ta (Vietnamese). Natural history. Specimens were found at night between 18: 40 and 22:00, on limestone cliffs and in rock crevices, approximately 0.3 ���2.0 m above the ground, at elevations between 980 and 1230 m a.s.l. The surrounding habitat was disturbed evergreen forest of medium/small hardwoods and shrubs on the mountain slope and corn fields in the valleys. The humidity was approximately 76���90 % and the air temperature ranged from 20 to 29 o C. One female (IEBR A. 2015.28) contained two eggs (12.9���14.4 mm in length and 8.7���9.4 mm in width)., Published as part of Nguyen, Truong Quang, Le, Minh Duc, Pham, Anh Van, Ngo, Hai Ngoc, Hoang, Chung Van, Pham, Cuong The & Ziegler, Thomas, 2015, Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam, pp. 375-390 in Zootaxa 3985 (3) on pages 381-385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233731