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In this study, we optimized the fermentation medium for spore production of Paenibacillus polymyxa IN937a. Seven factors including molasses, glucose, magnesium sulfate, potassium pyrophosphate, yeast extract, zinc sulfate, and ammonium sulfate are selected as the basis for the screening of factors affecting the spore production of P. polymyxa IN937a by the Plackett-Burman experiment. Based on the analysis of the Plackett-Burman matrix, the result showed that yeast extract, molasses, and ammonium sulfate were the three main impact factors (P < 0.05), which affected the yield of P. polymyxa IN937a spores. Then, the optimum combination of the three factors was subsequently optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design to increase the spore production in P. polymyxa IN937a fermentation. The obtained results by RSM predicted that maximum spore density of P. polymyxa IN937a was 6.606×109 spore/mL after 48 hours of the experiment when the appropriate medium for the spore production of P. polymyxa IN937a included yeast extract 14.44 g/L, molasses 19.14 g/L, and ammonium sulfate 0.20 g/L. In addition, the antifungal activity of P. polymyxa IN937a was also tested in this study. The preliminary results of in vitro antifungal activity indicated that P. polymyxa IN937a had a good inhibition on the growth of two phytopathogenic fungal strains Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. These results could be used for further research on the fermentation of P. polymyxa IN937a on a pilot scale to obtain the optimal number of spores for use in the development of biological crop protection products.

In this paper, we obtain an explicit Berry-Esseen bound in the central limit theorem for nonlinear statistics with bounded differences. Some examples are provided as well.

Southeast Asia plays a key role in the evolution of the eastern Tethys, which is characterized by accretion and amalgamation of numerous terranes since early Paleozoic. In the present study...

We present comprehensive geochemical and isotopic (Sr-Nd-Hf) datasets for two suites of ultramafic rock in Vietnam, namely xenoliths of spinel lherzolite entrained in late Cenozoic alkali basalts, and Paleozoic ultramafic massifs that occur along the Tam Ky-Phuoc Son suture zone in central and southern Vietnam. The ultramafic massifs are the products of high degrees of melt extraction (up to 40%), and have relatively low equilibrium temperatures of 603 to 778 °C. The lherzolites are residues of relatively low degrees of fractional melting (< 1% up to 20%). The compositions of minerals in the xenoliths reveal that the late Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath central and southern Vietnam was hotter (825–1058 °C) than during the Paleozoic. The calculated trace element patterns of metasomatic melts that equilibrated with clinopyroxenes in the LREE-enriched xenoliths show enrichments in Th, U, and LREEs, and depletions in Nb. These data, together with the elevated Ti/Eu ratios of the clinopyroxenes, reflect the role of hydrous silicate melts as the main agents of metasomatism. The ultramafic rocks of the Paleozoic massifs contain spinel with TiO2 contents higher than expected for residual spinel, which suggests the influence of boninitic melt(s). In the lherzolite xenoliths, the clinopyroxenes have MORB-like depleted Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70241–0.70416; eNd = +6.6 to 12.3; eHf = +13.1 to 25.1), suggesting metasomatic melts/fluids from upwelling asthenosphere. We suggest that subduction of the (Paleo-)Pacific Plate and continental collision during the Permian–Triassic played key roles in lithospheric replacement and thinning beneath central and southern Vietnam.

We studied zircon U-Pb geochronology, Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of Mesoarchean-Paleoproterozoic igneous rocks in the Phan Si Pan zone, NW Vietnam. The Mesoarchean-Paleoproteroz...

together with abundant Permian-Triassic magmatic rocks. This magmatic complex provides important information to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Indochina block and surrounding areas. The Cha Val plutonic rocks mainly comprise diorite, quartz diorite, and granodiorite. Geochemically, they are metaluminous with low A/CNK (0.49 to 1.16 with an average of 0.85), medium to high K, low to medium SiO2, and Na2O/K2O>1. Trace and rare earth element compositions display enrichment in Cs, U, Pb, and Nd, but depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Eu, and Ti, similar to those of continental arc-related magmas. Rock-forming minerals of the Cha Val plutonic rocks are characterized by abundant hornblende. All observed petrographical and geochemical characteristics suggest that the Cha Val plutonic rocks are typical for I-type affinity generated from a subduction regime. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon analyses of three representative samples yielded their crystallization ages between 258.0 Ma and 248.9 Ma, temporally coeval with Late Permian-Early Triassic magmatism previously reported in the Truong Son belt. The (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7081 to 0.7244), negative whole-rock εNd(t) values (-4.5 to -2.9), zircon εHf(t) values (-1.04 to 2.71), and whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf model ages (TDM2) (1394 Ma to 1111 Ma) indicate that the Cha Val plutonic rocks are derived from melting of Mesoproterozoic crustal materials with a minor contribution of mantle-derived melt. Together with other Permian-Triassic magmatic complexes along the Song Ma suture zone and the Truong Son Belt, the Cha Val plutonic rocks are a representative of magmatism associated with the subduction-collision that amalgamated the South China and Indochina blocks after the closure of a branch of Paleo-Tethys along the Song Ma suture zone during the Late Permian-Early Triassic Indosinian orogeny.

The Chu Lai granite is widespread throughout the northern Kontum massif and is an important key in understanding the evolution of the Kontum region and its vicinity. The study presents new data on geochemistry, zircon U-Pb ages, and Nd-Hf isotopes from the Chu Lai granite which allows to constrain the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Kontum massif. The Chu Lai granite contains alumina-rich minerals (garnet and muscovite), is depleted in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti but enriched in Rb, Th, U and Pb. These geochemical characteristics indicate a S-type nature of the Chu Lai granite. The zircon ɛHf values vary between −16.7 to −1 and Hf model ages (TDM2) between 1.50 and 2.49 Ga as well as whole rock ɛNd values of −8.3 to −5.8 and Nd model ages (TDM2) between 1.67 and 1.89 Ga. The Hf-Nd isotope data indicate that the Chu Lai granite was derived from partial melting of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary material. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages range from 445 Ma to 454 Ma, suggesting a crystallization of the Chu Lai granite during the Ordovician-Silurian period.

Neoproterozoic rocks in the Phan Si Pan Zone, NW Vietnam are considered to be the remnant of the ancient continental crust. They recorded the evolution of the Gondwana supercontinent. A com...

Background The purpose of this research is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires used as treatment for ACL avulsion fracture, and to determine how effective such a technique is when it comes to restoring of knee function. Materials and methods This prospective study involves 28 patients, who underwent arthroscopic fixation of displaced ACL avulsion fractures at Saint Paul Hospital (Hanoi) from January 2014 to March 2018. Results The first three weeks were not marked with any abnormalities associated with post-operative sutures and hematomas, infectious complications were not detected either. Post-operative displacement of fracture fragments did not take place among the patients involved in the study. At the 3-month follow-up, the average IKDC score was 90.7 (range: 76–100), and the average Lysholm score was 93.6 (range 82–100). The percentage of excellent scores was 42.9% (12 patients), good scores accounted for 50% (14 patients), while fair/poor scores accounted for 3.6% each (1 patient on each score). The percentage of excellent/good scores was 92.9% in total. Conclusion This study shows that ACL avulsion fracture can be treated effectively by arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires. In fact, this technique may restore knee function and stability., Highlights • Evaluating the results of arthoscopic suture fixation with fiber wires used as treatment for ACL avulsion fracture. • The study involves 28 patients. • The ACL avulsion fracture can be treated effectively by arthoscopic suture fixation with fiber wires. It may restore knee function and stabiity.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires used as treatment for ACL avulsion fracture, and to determine how effective such a technique is when it comes to restoring of knee function. This prospective study involves 28 patients, who underwent arthroscopic fixation of displaced ACL avulsion fractures at Saint Paul Hospital (Hanoi) from January 2014 to March 2018. The first 3 weeks were not marked with any abnormalities associated with postoperative sutures and hematomas; infectious complications were not detected either. Postoperative displacement of fracture fragments did not take place among the patients involved in the study. At the 3-month follow-up, the average IKDC score was 90.7 (range 76-100), and the average Lysholm score was 93.6 (range 82-100). The percentage of excellent scores was 42.9% (12 patients), good scores accounted for 50% (14 patients), while fair/poor scores accounted for 3.6% each (one patient on each score). The percentage of excellent/good scores was 92.9% in total. This study shows that ACL avulsion fracture can be treated effectively by arthroscopic suture fixation with fiber wires. In fact, this technique may restore knee function and stability.

Ye Yen Sun Cenozoic granitoid formations include biotite granite, fine- to medium-grained amphibol-biotite granite, and mostly undeformed fine- grained granite porphyry. Temperature calculation by the zircon saturation method gives the formation temperature ranging from about 680°C to 850°C; the pressure, determined on the basis of the major element composition, varies between 10 and 1 kbar (about 33 to 3.3 km deep). The granites viewed as "hot" or "intermediate" magmas were formed at the site of extension or transformation tectonics. Thus, the ability to form these granites due to the melting of the lower crust under the stretching region along the two wings of the Red River shear zone is a mechanism to be considered.

This paper presents the design and control of a high-speed 2-phase 4/2 switched reluctance motors (SRM) for blender application. The proposed SRM is designed to replace a universal motor that equipped with the blender. In this study, the single- and 2-phase SRMs were considered as good candidates for high-speed and low-cost applications. The blender requires a high-speed motor drive with self-start ability. To overcome torque dead-zone that exists in single- and 2-phase SRM, stepper rotor with wider rotor pole arc was considered. The rated speed is up to 18,000 rpm and 40,000 rpm at no-load. A low-resolution encoder was used for high-speed SRM drive to reduce the cost. To verify the design, a prototype of the proposed SRM was manufactured for laboratory test.

The Song Ma zone in Northwestern Vietnam is considered as a suture of the South China and Indochina blocks, and plays an important role in understanding the tectonic evolution in Southeast ...

Muong Lat granitoid complex located in Thanh Hoa province. It is composed of two mica granite, aplite and pegmatoid. Rock forming minerals include mainly K-feldspar, quartz biotite and muscovite. Crystallization age of pegmatite in Muong Lat body is determined by U-Pb zircon LA-ICP-MS method. Most of the analytical results 206Pb age / 238U ranged from 217–238 Ma, average 230 ± 7 Ma. Age results indicate, the existence magma activity in the study area. Three inherited zircon core gaves age of ~2.8Ga, ~2.4Ga, ~1.8Ga, ~400Ma and ~750 Ma, suggesting that the continental crust of the study area including material composition of the Neoarchean, Paleoproterozoic, Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic

Supplemental material, Figure S1, for Oleanane-Type Saponins From the Aerial Parts of Panax bipinnatifidus by Nguyen Huu Tung, Nguyen Thi Hoang Anh, Chu Van Tan, Pham Trung Hieu, Pham Quang Duong, Le Dang Quang and Vu Dinh Hoang in Natural Product Communications

Objectives: Evaluation of the quality of life for patient with total hip arthroplasty surgery (THA) and whether patients with poor function before THA have the ability to recover less than those with less preoperative disability.

A retrospective case-series study was carried out on 21 patients undergoing postoperative infection following a hip replacement at Vietnam – Germany University Hospital from January 2013 to September 2016.