85 results on '"Philip Ye"'
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2. The Eagle Eyes: an Intervention Utilizing Visual Thinking Strategies to Enhance the Observation Skills of Medical Students
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Najmeh Ghorbani, Maryam Alizadeh, Azadeh Sayarifard, Abdoljavad Khajavi, and Philip Yenawine
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Visual thinking strategies ,VTS ,Visual thinking activity ,Art ,Observation skill ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) is an evidence-based pedagogical approach that uses art analysis and structured inquiry to enhance observation, critical thinking, and teamwork, especially in medical training for clinical skills development. This study aimed to compare the short-term and delayed follow-up effects of integrating Visual Thinking Strategies and Visual Thinking Activity (VTA) tasks based on the PRISM Model with Observation Exercises (OE) on medical students’ observation skills, including the number of observations, number of words used, and time spent describing observations. Method This pre- and post-test experimental study with a control group was conducted among first-year medical students at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences during the 2023–2024 academic year. Forty-four students participated in the intervention group, receiving VTS and VTA tasks, while 45 students formed the control group, engaging in OE alone. Observation skills were assessed using standardized art images (short-term) and real-world clinical exposure (delayed follow-up) through measures of total observations, number of words used, and time spent describing observations. Descriptive statistics, analysis of one-way ANOVA/ANCOVA, and independent t-tests were employed for data analysis. Results In the short-term evaluation, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher performance in the total number of observations (p = 0.001, Adjusted Partial Eta2 = 0.12), number of words used to describe art images (p = 0.001, Adjusted Partial Eta2 = 0.21), and time spent analyzing images (p
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- 2025
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3. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Biobased Waxes as Coating Materials
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Caleb Metzcar, Francisco Leyva Gutierrez, Bonnie H. Ownley, Jeremiah Gene Johnson, Mary Wakim, Xiaofei Philip Ye, and Tong Wang
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Biomaterials ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Biomedical Engineering ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2023
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4. Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein Catalyzed by Silicotungstic Acid: Effect of Mesoporous Support
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Lu Liu, Fei Yu, Siqun Wang, and Xiaofei Philip Ye
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glycerol ,acrolein ,supported solid acid ,silicotungstic acid ,catalyst deactivation ,alumina ,silica - Abstract
To facilitate value-added chemical production from renewable glycerol, gas-phase glycerol dehydration to acrolein was conducted using supported silicotungstic acid as solid acid catalysts, focusing on the effects of mesoporous catalyst supports on the catalytic performance. One alumina (Al) support with average mesopore size of 30 nm and two silica supports (Si1254 and Si1252) with mesopore size of 6 nm and 11 nm, respectively, were comparatively evaluated in this study. It was found that the Si1254 silica support with the smallest pore size (6 nm) deactivated the fastest, decreasing both the glycerol conversion and acrolein selectivity along the time-on-stream. The other silica support Si1252 with 11 nm pore size provided an acrolein yield comparable to the Al support over the tested 7.5 h time-on-stream (73.9 mol% for Si1252 vs. 74.1 mol% for Al). However, the mechanisms for achieving the comparable yield are different. Si1252 showed higher acrolein selectivity than Al, but it also deactivated faster than Al due to its quicker coking. On the other hand, Al showed more stable performance in terms of glycerol conversion rate and less coking, but it had lower acrolein selectivity and a higher selectivity to byproducts, especially the undesired byproducts of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde, which posed difficulties in downstream separation.
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- 2023
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5. A Quasi-chemical Model for Bacterial Spore Germination Kinetics by High Pressure
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Doona, Christopher J., Feeherry, Florence E., Kustin, Kenneth, Chen, Haiqing, Huang, Runze, Philip Ye, X., and Setlow, Peter
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- 2017
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6. Improved prediction of biomass composition for switchgrass using reproducing kernel methods with wavelet compressed FT-NIR spectra.
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Jong In Park, Lu Liu, X. Philip Ye, Myong K. Jeong, and Young-Seon Jeong 0001
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- 2012
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7. Real-time FTIR monitoring and modeling Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore germination: Effect of temperature and sub-lethal treatment by nonthermal plasma
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Yaohua Huang, X. Philip Ye, Christopher J. Doona, and Florence E. Feeherry
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Real-time FTIR ,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores ,fungi ,Nonthermal plasma ,TP368-456 ,Food processing and manufacture ,OD600 - Abstract
This study uses real-time FTIR spectroscopy to probe biochemical changes occurring in spores of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens during nutrient germination at T = 23 − 50°C and after sub-lethal injury by treatment with a nonthermal plasma (NTP). The FTIR identifies several spore structural components (e.g., stretching bands of the COO− group of dipicolinic acid at 1378 and 1616 cm−1; C−N vibrations in the DPA ring at 1570 cm−1, etc.) that are correlated to steps occurring during germination. The increase in peak intensity at 1570 cm−1 is interrelated to spore germination as measured with optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of refractile spores at T = 23 − 50°C and after NTP treatment. For the OD600 germination kinetics data, the Weibull model accurately fit the observed dynamics with values for the rate parameters α = 18.1 − 52.9 s−1 and shape parameter β = 0.9 − 1.2, and the Weibull model's performance was assessed by satisfactory values of the accuracy factor (1.00 < Af ≤ 1.15) and the bias factor (Bf in the ranges of 0.90 − 1.05), with the NTP-treated spores being the lone exception (Af = 1.22, Bf = 1.06).
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- 2022
8. Soybean Oil-Based Biopolymers Induced by Nonthermal Plasma to Enhance the Dyeing of Para-Aramids with a Cationic Dye
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Caleb Metzcar, Xiaofei Philip Ye, Toni Wang, and Christopher J. Doona
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QD241-441 ,Polymers and Plastics ,acrylic acid ,soybean oil ,ambient air ,Organic chemistry ,General Chemistry ,para-aramid ,acrylated epoxidized soybean oil ,nonthermal plasma ,cationic dye - Abstract
To overcome the recalcitrance of para-aramid textiles against dyeing, this study demonstrated that increasing the functionalities of soybean oil applied to the surface of para-aramids followed by a nonthermal plasma (NTP) treatment improved the dyeing color strength compared with the use of soybean oil alone, and that dyeing occurred through covalent bonding. Particularly, compared with the pretreatment using soybean oil that obtained the highest color strength of 3.89 (as K/S value determined from spectral analysis of the sample reflectance in the visible range), the present pretreatments with either acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) or a mixture of acrylic acid and soybean oil (AA/Soy) achieved K/S values higher than nine (>9.00). The NTP treatment, after the AESO or AA/Soy pretreatment, was essential in inducing the formation of a polymerized network on the surface of para-aramids that bonded the dye molecules and generating covalent bonds that anchored the polymerized network to the para-aramids, which is difficult to achieve given the high crystallinity and chemical inertness of para-aramids. As an important economic consideration, the sequential experimentation method demonstrated that a simple mixture of AA/Soy could replace the expensive AESO reagent and render a comparable performance in dyeing para-aramids. Among the auxiliary additives tested with the AESO and AA/Soy pretreatments followed by NPT treatment in this study, Polysorbate 80 as a surfactant negatively affected the dyeing, benzyl alcohol as a swelling agent had minimal effect, and NaCl as an electrolyte showed a positive effect. The dyeing method developed in this study did not compromise the strength of para-aramids.
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- 2022
9. Dyeing Para-Aramid Textiles Pretreated with Soybean Oil and Nonthermal Plasma Using Cationic Dye
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Christopher J. Doona, Xiaofei Philip Ye, and Mary Morris
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cationic dye ,para-aramid textiles ,food.ingredient ,Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,soybean oil ,Cationic polymerization ,Organic chemistry ,General Chemistry ,glycerol ,Nonthermal plasma ,Chemical reaction ,Environmentally friendly ,Soybean oil ,Article ,Aramid ,Solvent ,QD241-441 ,food ,Chemical engineering ,Dyeing ,nonthermal plasma - Abstract
The increasing use of functional aramids in a wide array of applications and the inert nature of aramids against conventional dye and print methods requires developing new dyeing methods. This study aims to use environmentally friendly method with a cationic dye as an alternative for dyeing para-aramid fabrics. Experiments used a multi-factorial design with functions of pretreatment, dye solvent (water and/or glycerol) and auxiliary chemical additives (swelling agent and surfactant) and a sequential experimentation methodology. The most effective dyeing procedures involved the following steps: (i) pretreatments of the fabrics with soybean oil and nonthermal plasma (NTP), (ii) using water at T = 100 °C as the dye solvent, and (iii) omitting other chemical additives. With a commercial cationic dye, these conditions achieved a color strength in K/S value of 2.28, compared to ~1 for untreated samples. FTIR analysis revealed that a functional network formed on the fibers and yarns of the fabrics by chemical reactions of excited plasma species with double bonds in the soybean oil molecules was responsible for significantly improving the color strength. These results extend the potential uses of a renewable material (soybean oil) and an environmentally friendly technology (NTP) to improve the dyeing of para-aramid textiles and reduce the use of harsh dye chemicals.
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- 2021
10. Fast classification and compositional analysis of cornstover fractions using Fourier transform near-infrared techniques
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Philip Ye, X., Liu, Lu, Hayes, Douglas, Womac, Alvin, Hong, Kunlun, and Sokhansanj, Shahab
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- 2008
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11. Safety and Efficacy of Flow Reversal in Acute and Elective Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting Using the Mo.Ma Device with Short-Term Follow-Up
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Philip Ye, Ambooj Tiwari, Ryan Bo, Keithan Sivakumar, Jeffrey Farkas, David Turkel Parrella, and Karthikeyan Arcot
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Radiography ,Penumbra ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine.disease ,Revascularization ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Surgery ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Stenosis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Restenosis ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Stroke ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of flow reversal following proximal flow arrest as an embolic protection strategy for carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) with short-term follow-up. Method: We performed a retrospective review of our CAS database for patients who underwent stent-supported carotid revascularization in the setting of acute/subacute stroke or TIA. We reviewed clinical and radiographic data during a 36-month period. Primary outcome was clinical evidence of ipsilateral stroke in the first 30 days. Secondary outcomes include clinical outcomes and sonographic and/or angiographic follow-up over 6 months, 6-month functional scale, and all-cause mortality. Results: Fifty-five patients underwent CAS using flow reversal: 26 females and 29 males with a mean age of 69.7 years. Median time to treatment from index event was 3 days. 11% underwent stenting as part of hyperacute stroke therapy. Average luminal stenosis was 86%. The 9-Fr Mo.Ma device was used in combination with Penumbra aspiration in all cases. There were no ipsilateral strokes. Incidence of any ischemic event was 3.64%, but only 1 (1.82%) patient had a postoperative stroke. Clinical follow-up was available for 94.5%, while lesion follow-up was available for 73% of patients. Three patients had evidence of restenosis, but none were symptomatic. Luminal restenosis was ≤30% in all three. Median pre- and post-NIHSS were 1 and 1, respectively. Conclusion: Flow reversal using the Mo.Ma device is a safe and effective strategy in preventing distal embolization during carotid artery revascularization.
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- 2019
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12. Stability of crude bio-oil and its water-extracted fractions
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X. Philip Ye and Shoujie Ren
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Acid value ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Aqueous two-phase system ,02 engineering and technology ,Fractionation ,Accelerated aging ,Analytical Chemistry ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Phase (matter) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Water content ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Fractionation of crude bio-oil into an organic phase and an aqueous phase by simply adding water and research strategies targeted at producing hydrogen, fuels, or other value-added chemicals from the fractions have been proposed. However, the stability of the bio-oil fractions has not been comprehensively investigated. The objective of this study was to comparatively investigate the stability of crude bio-oil and its two fractions by evaluating their physicochemical properties during long-term storage at room temperature and accelerated aging at 40 °C and 60 °C. Comparing with crude bio-oil, the resulted aqueous phase is more stable; for the organic phase, the stability is also improved in terms of the changes in viscosity and average molecular weight, but not in terms of the increasing water content and total acid number. In overview for all the crude bio-oil and its two fractions, the water content, viscosity, total acid number, and average molecular weight increased with the increase of aging time and temperature; except for acetic acid and propionic acid, which slightly increased in content at all aging conditions, all the other 13 measured chemical contents decreased with the increasing aging time and temperature, indicating that the aging process involved all the six chemical groups of anhydrosugars, carboxylic acids, alcohols, furans, ketones, and phenolics, accelerated at higher temperature.
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- 2018
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13. pH Neutralization of Aqueous Bio-Oil from Switchgrass Intermediate Pyrolysis Using Process Intensification Devices
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Sotira Yiacoumi, Costas Tsouris, X. Philip Ye, Lydia Kyoung-Eun Park, Shoujie Ren, and Abhijeet P. Borole
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Potassium hydroxide ,Acid value ,Calcium hydroxide ,Aqueous solution ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Inorganic chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Alkali metal ,Neutralization ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Sodium hydroxide ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Solubility - Abstract
Despite the potential carbon-neutrality of switchgrass bio-oil, its high acidity and diverse chemical composition limit its utilization. The objectives of this research are to investigate pH neutralization of bio-oil by adding various alkali solutions in a batch system and then perform neutralization using process intensification devices, including a static mixer and a centrifugal contactor. The results indicate that sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are more appropriate bases for pH neutralization of bio-oil than calcium hydroxide due to the limited solubility of calcium hydroxide in aqueous bio-oil. Mass and total acid number (TAN) balances were performed for both batch and continuous-flow systems. Upon pH neutralization of bio-oil, the TAN values of the system increased after accounting the addition of alkali solution. A bio-oil heating experiment showed that the heat generated during pH neutralization did not cause a significant increase in the acidity of bio-oil. The formation of phenolic comp...
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- 2017
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14. Costs of Neonatal Intensive Care for Canadian Infants with Preterm Birth
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Juan D. Rios, Prakesh S. Shah, Marc Beltempo, Deepak Louis, Amit Mukerji, Shahirose Premji, Vibhuti Shah, Shoo K. Lee, Petros Pechlivanoglou, Haim Abenhaim, Jehier Afifi, Ruben Alvaro, James Andrews, Anthony Armson, Francois Audibert, Khalid Aziz, Marilyn Ballantyne, Jon Barrett, Anick Berard, Valerie Bertelle, Lucie Blais, Alan Bocking, Jaya Bodani, Jason Burrows, Kimberly Butt, Roderick Canning, George Carson, Nils Chaillet, Sue Chandra, Paige Church, Zenon Cieslak, Joan Crane, Dianne Creighton, Orlando Da Silva, Thierry Daboval, Leanne Dahlgren, Sibasis Daspal, Cecilia de Cabo, Akhil Deshpandey, Kimberly Dow, Christine Drolet, Michael Dunn, null Salhab el Helou, Darine El-Chaar, Walid El-Naggar, Carlos Fajardo, Robert Gagnon, Rob Gratton, Victor Han, Adele Harrison, Shabih Hasan, Michael Helewa, Matthew Hicks, K.S. Joseph, Andrzej Kajetanowicz, Zarin Kalapesi, May Khairy, Thierry Lacaze-Masmonteil, Kyong-Soon Lee, Brigitte Lemyre, Abhay Lodha, Thuy Mai Luu, Linh Ly, Annette Majnemer, Hala Makary, Isabelle Marc, Edith Masse, Sarah D. McDonald, Doug McMillan, Nir Melamed, Amy Metcalfe, Diane Moddemann, Luis Monterrosa, Michelle Morais, William Mundle, Lynn Murphy, Kellie Murphy, Anne-Monique Nuyt, Chuks Nwaesei, Karel O’Brien, Martin Offringa, Cecil Ojah, Annie Ouellet, Jean-Charles Pasquier, Ermelinda Pelausa, Bruno Piedboeuf, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Pramod Puligandla, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Amber Reichert, Kate Robson, Carol Schneider, Mary Seshia, Rebecca Sherlock, Sandesh Shivananda, Nalini Singhal, Erik Skarsgard, Amanda Skoll, Graeme Smith, Anne Synnes, Katherine Thériault, Joseph Ting, Suzanne Tough, Jennifer Toye, Jagdeep Ubhi, Michael Vincer, Wendy Whittle, Hilary Whyte, Doug Wilson, Stephen Wood, Philip Ye, Wendy Yee, Jill Zwicker, null Jaideep Kanungo, Ayman Abou Mehrem, Koravangattu Sankaran, Mohammad Adie, Faiza Khurshid, Keith Barrington, Anie Lapoint, Guillaume Ethier, Martine Claveau, and Julie Emberley
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Neonatal intensive care unit ,Birth weight ,Gestational Age ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Intensive care ,Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ,Medicine ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Activity-based costing ,Unit cost ,health care economics and organizations ,Health economics ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Gestational age ,Length of Stay ,3. Good health ,Hospitalization ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Emergency medicine ,Cohort ,Intensive Care, Neonatal ,Female ,business ,Algorithms ,Infant, Premature - Abstract
To develop and validate an itemized costing algorithm for in-patient neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) costs for infants born prematurely that can be used for quality improvement and health economic analyses.We sourced patient resource use data from the Canadian Neonatal Network database, with records from infants admitted to 30 tertiary NICUs in Canada. We sourced unit cost inputs from Ontario hospitals, schedules of benefits, and administrative sources. Costing estimates were generated by matching patient resource use data to the appropriate unit costs. All cost estimates were in 2017 Canadian dollars and assigned from the perspective of a provincial public payer. Results were validated using previous estimates of inpatient NICU costs and hospital case-cost estimates.We assigned costs to 27 742 infants born prematurely admitted from 2015 to 2017. Mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight of the cohort were 31.8 (3.5) weeks and 1843 (739) g, respectively. The median (IQR) cost of hospitalization before NICU discharge was estimated as $20 184 ($9739-51 314) for all infants; $11 810 ($6410-19 800) for infants born at gestational age of 33-36 weeks; $30 572 ($16 597-$51 857) at gestational age of 29-32 weeks; and $100 440 ($56 858-$159 3867) at gestational age of29 weeks. Cost estimates correlated with length of stay (r = 0.97) and gestational age (r = -0.65). The estimates were consistent with provincial resource estimates and previous estimates from Canada.NICU costs for infants with preterm birth increase as gestation decreases and length of stay increases. Our cost estimates are easily accessible, transparent, and congruent with previous cost estimates.
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- 2020
15. Rates and Determinants of Mother’s Own Milk Feeding in Infants Born Very Preterm
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Dinesh Dharel, Nalini Singhal, Christel Wood, Zenon Cieslak, Fabiana Bacchini, Prakesh S. Shah, Xiang Y. Ye, Belal Alshaikh, Haim Abenhaim, Jehier Afifi, Ruben Alvaro, James Andrews, Anthony Armson, Francois Audibert, Khalid Aziz, Marilyn Ballantyne, Jon Barrett, Marc Beltempo, Anick Berard, Valerie Bertelle, Lucie Blais, Alan Bocking, Jaya Bodani, Jason Burrows, Kimberly Butt, Roderick Canning, George Carson, Nils Chaillet, Sue Chandra, Paige Church, Kevin Coughlin, Joan Crane, Dianne Creighton, Orlando Da Silva, Thierry Daboval, Leanne Dahlgren, Sibasis Daspal, Cecilia de Cabo, Akhil Deshpandey, Kimberly Dow, Christine Drolet, Michael Dunn, Salhab el Helou, Darine El-Chaar, Walid El-Naggar, Carlos Fajardo, Jonathan Foster, Robert Gagnon, Rob Gratton, Victor Han, Adele Harrison, Shabih Hasan, Michael Helewa, Matthew Hicks, K.S. Joseph, Andrzej Kajetanowicz, Zarin Kalapesi, May Khairy, Thierry Lacaze-Masmonteil, Kyong-Soon Lee, Brigitte Lemyre, Abhay Lodha, Deepak Louis, Thuy Mai Luu, Linh Ly, Annette Majnemer, Hala Makary, Isabelle Marc, Edith Masse, Sarah D. McDonald, Doug McMillan, Nir Melamed, Amy Metcalfe, Diane Moddemann, Luis Monterrosa, Michelle Morais, Amit Mukerji, William Mundle, Lynn Murphy, Kellie Murphy, Anne-Monique Nuyt, Chuks Nwaesei, Karel O’Brien, Martin Offringa, Cecil Ojah, Annie Ouellet, Jean-Charles Pasquier, Petros Pechlivanoglou, Ermelinda Pelausa, Bruno Piedboeuf, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Shahirose Premji, Pramod Puligandla, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Amber Reichert, Carol Schneider, Mary Seshia, Vibhuti Shah, Rebecca Sherlock, Sandesh Shivananda, Erik Skarsgard, Amanda Skoll, Graeme Smith, Anne Synnes, Katherine Thériault, Joseph Ting, Suzanne Tough, Jennifer Toye, Jagdeep Ubhi, Michael Vincer, Wendy Whittle, Hilary Whyte, Doug Wilson, Stephen Wood, Philip Ye, Wendy Yee, and Jill Zwicker
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Adult ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canadian Neonatal Network ,Population ,Mothers ,Gestational Age ,formula feeding ,Breast milk ,Pediatrics ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Formula feeding ,Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Hospital discharge ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,premature infant [breast milk feeding] ,Milk, Human ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Gestational age ,Infant Formula ,Patient Discharge ,Bottle Feeding ,Very preterm ,Breast Feeding ,Logistic Models ,Infant, Extremely Premature ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,Female ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
To examine rates and determinants of mother's own milk (MOM) feeding at hospital discharge in a cohort of infants born very preterm within the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN).This was a population-based cohort study of infants born at33 weeks of gestation and admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) participating in the CNN between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018. We examined the rates and determinants of MOM use at discharge home among the participating NICUs. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent determinants of MOM feeding.Among the 6404 infants born very preterm and discharged home during the study period, 4457 (70%) received MOM or MOM supplemented with formula. Rates of MOM feeding at discharge varied from 49% to 87% across NICUs. Determinants associated with MOM feeding at discharge were gestational age 29-32 weeks compared with26 weeks (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.25-1.93), primipara mothers (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.86-2.42), maternal diabetes (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.93), and maternal smoking (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.19-0.38). Receipt of MOM by day 3 of age was the major predictor of breast milk feeding at discharge (aOR 3.61, 95% CI 3.17-4.12).Approximately two-thirds of infants born very preterm received MOM at hospital discharge, and rates varied across NICUs. Supporting mothers to provide breast milk in the first 3 days after birth may be associated with improved MOM feeding rates at discharge.
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- 2021
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16. Outcomes of Idecabtagene Vicleucel Therapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Single-Institution Experience
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Aaron Trando, Farid Ghamsari, Philip Yeung, Caitlin Costello, Ila Saunders, and Ah-Reum Jeong
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CAR T-cell therapy ,ide-cel ,multiple myeloma ,CRS ,ICANS ,cytomegalovirus ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background/Objectives: Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), an anti-B-cell maturation chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, represents an unprecedented treatment option for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM). Nevertheless, given its limitations, including the risk of adverse effects and unclear durability of efficacy, there remains a need to report the real-world clinical outcomes of ide-cel therapy in patients with R/R MM, as well as explore host predictive factors for therapy. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of 25 adult patients with R/R MM who received ide-cel between 2021 and 2023 at the University of California San Diego Health. Data on baseline characteristics, efficacy, safety, and post-relapse outcomes were collected. Treatment responses were assessed using the International Myeloma Working Group criteria while survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. Results: The median age was 65. Twelve patients (48%) were male. Patients received a median of six lines of prior therapy with four patients (16%) receiving prior BCMA-targeted therapy. Six patients (24%) had high-risk cytogenetics while ten patients (40%) had extramedullary disease. The incidence of cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome incidence was 92% and 12%, respectively. All grade infection occurred in 11 patients (44%). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurred in 9 of 19 patients (47%) who were CMV IgG positive prior to CAR T-cell therapy. The objective response rate (ORR) was 84%; stringent complete response was seen in 14 patients (56%). After a median follow-up of 13 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13.9 months (95% CI: 9.21 months—not reached [NR]); median overall survival (OS) was not reached (95% CI: 19.5 months—NR). Among the 11 patients (44%) who progressed after ide-cel therapy, median OS2 was 13.7 months; especially poor outcomes (median OS2 of 1.74 months) were observed in four patients who did not respond to ide-cel. Six of these eleven patients remained alive at time of data cutoff. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed no significant predictors of ORR, PFS, or OS. Conclusions: Overall, ide-cel had comparable efficacy and safety to the KarMMa-1 trial and other reported real-world experiences.
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- 2024
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17. Mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes in extremely preterm Vertex/nonVertex twins
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Liran Hiersch, Prakesh S. Shah, Faiza Khurshid, Edith Masse, Kellie Murphy, Sarah D. McDonald, George Carson, Jon Barrett, Nir Melamed, Joseph Ting, Zenon Cieslak, Rebecca Sherlock, Ayman Abou Mehrem, Jennifer Toye, Carlos Fajardo, Zarin Kalapesi, Jaya Bodani, Koravangattu Sankaran, Sibasis Daspal, Mary Seshia, Deepak Louis, Ruben Alvaro, Amit Mukerji, Orlando Da Silva, Mohammad Adie, Kyong-Soon Lee, Michael Dunn, Brigitte Lemyre, Ermelinda Pelausa, Keith Barrington, Anie Lapoint, Guillaume Ethier, Christine Drolet, Bruno Piedboeuf, Martine Claveau, Marc Beltempo, Valerie Bertelle, Roderick Canning, Hala Makary, Cecil Ojah, Luis Monterrosa, Julie Emberley, Jehier Afifi, Andrzej Kajetanowicz, Shoo K. Lee, Haim Abenhaim, James Andrews, Anthony Armson, Francois Audibert, Khalid Aziz, Marilyn Ballantyne, Anick Berard, Lucie Blais, Alan Bocking, Jason Burrows, Kimberly Butt, Nils Chaillet, Sue Chandra, Paige Church, Kevin Coughlin, Joan Crane, Dianne Creighton, Thierry Daboval, Leanne Dahlgren, Cecilia de Cabo, Akhil Deshpandey, Kimberly Dow, Salhab el Helou, Darine El-Chaar, Walid El-Naggar, Jonathan Foster, Robert Gagnon, Rob Gratton, Victor Han, Adele Harrison, Shabih Hasan, Michael Helewa, Matthew Hicks, K.S. Joseph, Thierry Lacaze-Masmonteil, Abhay Lodha, Thuy Mai Luu, Linh Ly, Annette Majnemer, Isabelle Marc, Doug McMillan, Amy Metcalfe, Diane Moddemann, Michelle Morais, William Mundle, Lynn Murphy, Anne-Monique Nuyt, Chuks Nwaesei, Karel O’Brien, Martin Offringa, Annie Ouellet, Jean-Charles Pasquier, Petros Pechlivanoglou, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Shahirose Premji, Pramod Puligandla, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Amber Reichert, Kate Robson, Carol Schneider, Vibhuti Shah, Sandesh Shivananda, Nalini Singhal, Erik Skarsgard, Amanda Skoll, Graeme Smith, Anne Synnes, Katherine Thériault, Suzanne Tough, Jagdeep Ubhi, Michael Vincer, Wendy Whittle, Hilary Whyte, Doug Wilson, Stephen Wood, Philip Ye, Wendy Yee, and Jill Zwicker
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Birth trauma ,Infant, Premature, Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Intensive care ,Birth Injuries ,Diseases in Twins ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Breech Presentation ,Retrospective Studies ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Cesarean Section ,Obstetrics ,Vaginal delivery ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Retrospective cohort study ,Delivery, Obstetric ,medicine.disease ,Trial of Labor ,3. Good health ,Treatment Outcome ,Case-Control Studies ,Infant, Extremely Premature ,Relative risk ,Pregnancy, Twin ,Premature Birth ,Gestation ,Female ,Vertex Presentation ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business - Abstract
Background One of the controversies in the management of twin gestations relates to mode of delivery, especially when the second twin is in a nonvertex presentation (Vertex/nonVertex pairs) and birth is imminent at extremely low gestation. Objective We hypothesized that, for Vertex/nonVertex twins born before 28 weeks’ gestation, cesarean delivery would be associated with a lower risk of adverse neonatal outcomes than trial of vaginal delivery. Our aim was to test this hypothesis by comparing the neonatal outcomes of Vertex/nonVertex twins born before 28 weeks’ gestation by mode of delivery using a large national cohort. Study Design This work is a retrospective cohort study of all twin infants born at 240/7 to 276/7 weeks’ gestation and admitted to level III neonatal intensive care units participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network (2010–2017). Exposure is defined a trial of vaginal delivery for Vertex/nonVertex twins. Nonexposed (control) groups are defined as cases where both twins were delivered by cesarean delivery, either in vertex or nonvertex presentation (control group 1) or owing to the nonvertex presentation of the first twin (control group 2). Outcome measures are defined as a composite of neonatal death, severe neurologic injury, or birth trauma. Results A total of 1082 twin infants (541 twin pairs) met the inclusion criteria: 220 Vertex/nonVertex pairs, of which 112 had a trial of vaginal delivery (study group) and 108 had cesarean delivery for both twins (control group 1); 170 pairs with the first twin in nonvertex presentation, all of which were born by cesarean delivery (control group 2); and 151 pairs with both twins in vertex presentation (vertex or nonvertex). In the study group, the rate of urgent cesarean delivery for the second twin was 30%. The rate of the primary outcome in the study group was 42%, which was not significantly different compared with control group 1 (37%; adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.22) or control group 2 (34%; adjusted relative risk, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.58). The findings remained similar when outcomes were analyzed separately for the first and second twins. Conclusion For preterm Vertex/nonVertex twins born at
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- 2021
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18. Separation of chemical groups from bio-oil water-extract via sequential organic solvent extraction
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Abhijeet P. Borole, X. Philip Ye, and Shoujie Ren
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Chromatography ,020209 energy ,Levoglucosan ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Aqueous two-phase system ,Ethyl acetate ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Acetic acid ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Organic chemistry ,Petroleum ether ,Solubility ,0210 nano-technology ,Phenol–chloroform extraction - Abstract
The chemical complexity of bio-oil aqueous phase limits its efficient utilization. To improve the efficiency of the bio-oil biorefinery, this study focused on the separation of chemical groups from the bio-oil water-extract via sequential organic solvent extractions. Due to their high recoverability and low solubility in water, four solvents (hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) with different polarities were evaluated, and the optimum process conditions for chemical extraction were determined. Chloroform had high extraction efficiency for furans, phenolics, and ketones. In addition to these classes of chemical, ethyl acetate had a high extraction efficiency for organic acids. The sequential extraction using chloroform followed by ethyl acetate resulted in 62.2 wt.% of original furans, ketones, alcohols, and phenolics being extracted into chloroform, while 62 wt.% acetic acid was extracted into ethyl acetate, leaving behind a high concentration of levoglucosan (∼53.0 wt.%) in the final aqueous phase. Chemicals separated via the sequential extraction could be used as feedstocks in a biorefinery using processes such as catalytic upgrading of furans and phenolics to hydrocarbons, fermentation of levoglucosan to produce alcohols and diols, and hydrogen production from organic acids via microbial electrolysis.
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- 2017
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19. Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein Catalyzed by ZSM-5 Zeolite in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Medium
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Bin Zou, X. Philip Ye, and Shoujie Ren
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Glycerol ,Green chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,zeolites ,solvent effects ,supercritical fluids ,010402 general chemistry ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,sustainable chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Acrolein ,Desiccation ,Zeolite ,Coke ,Supercritical carbon dioxide ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Communication ,Carbon Dioxide ,Communications ,Supercritical fluid ,0104 chemical sciences ,heterogeneous catalysis ,General Energy ,Acids - Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) has been used for the first time as a reaction medium for the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein catalyzed by a solid acid. Unprecedented catalyst stability over 528 hours of time‐on‐stream was achieved and the rate of coke deposition on the zeolite catalyst was the lowest among extensive previous studies, showing potential for industrial application. Coking pathways in SC‐CO2 were also elucidated for future development. The results have potential implications for other dehydration reactions catalyzed by solid acids.
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- 2016
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20. Analysis of switchgrass-derived bio-oil and associated aqueous phase generated in a semi-pilot scale auger pyrolyzer
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Pyoungchung Kim, Abhijeet P. Borole, X. Philip Ye, Shoujie Ren, and Ncole Labbé
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,Chemistry(all) ,020209 energy ,Levoglucosan ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Aqueous two-phase system ,02 engineering and technology ,Biorefinery ,Analytical Chemistry ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Hydrocarbon ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Chemical Engineering(all) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Organic chemistry ,0204 chemical engineering ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
To efficiently utilize water-soluble compounds in bio-oil and evaluate the potential effects of these compounds on processes such as microbial electrolysis, this study investigated the physicochemical properties of bio-oil and the associated aqueous phase generated from switchgrass using a semi-pilot scale auger pyrolyzer. Combining separation and detection strategies with organic solvent extraction, an array of analytical instruments and methods were used to identify and quantify the chemical constituents. Separation of an aqueous phase from the crude bio-oil was achieved by adding water (water: crude bio-oil at 4:1 in weight), which resulted in a partition of 61 wt.% of the organic compounds into a bio-oil aqueous phase (BOAP). GC/MS analysis for BOAP identified over 40 compounds of which 16 were quantified. Acetic acid, propionic acid, and levoglucosan are the major components in BOAP. In addition, a significant portion of chemicals that have the potential to be upgraded to hydrocarbon fuels was extracted to BOAP (77 wt.% of the alcohols, 61 wt.% of the furans, and 52 wt.% of the phenolic compounds in crude bio-oil). Valorization of the BOAP may require conversion methods capable of accommodating a very broad substrate specificity. A better separation strategy is needed to selectively remove the acidic and polar components from crude bio-oil to improve economic feasibility of biorefinery operations.
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- 2016
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21. Nonthermal Plasma Induced Fabrication of Solid Acid Catalysts for Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein
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Lu Liu and Xiaofei Philip Ye
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Materials science ,Infrared spectroscopy ,glycerol ,02 engineering and technology ,Nonthermal plasma ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,catalyst fabrication ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Desorption ,Pyridine ,Glycerol ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,nonthermal plasma ,Brønsted acid site ,acrolein ,Acrolein ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Lewis acid site ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The feasibility of fabricating better solid acid catalysts using nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology for biobased acrolein production is demonstrated. NTP discharge exposure was integrated in catalyst fabrication in air or argon atmosphere. The fabricated catalysts were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, in comparison to regularly prepared catalysts as a control. Further, kinetic results collected via glycerol dehydration experiments were compared, and improvement in acrolein selectivity was displayed when the catalyst was fabricated in the argon NTP, but not in the air NTP. Possible mechanisms for the improvement were also discussed.
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- 2021
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22. Coproduction of Acrylic Acid with a Biodiesel Plant Using CO2 as Reaction Medium: Process Modeling and Production Cost Estimation
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X. Philip Ye and Shoujie Ren
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Control and Optimization ,Process modeling ,value-added chemicals ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Context (language use) ,glycerol ,catalytic dehydration ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glycerol ,Production (economics) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Process engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Acrylic acid ,Biodiesel ,partial oxidation ,010405 organic chemistry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,acrolein ,Circular economy ,circular economy ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,business ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Producing value-added chemicals from glycerol is imperative for the sustainable future of biodiesel. Despite worldwide efforts, the commercial production of acrylic acid from glycerol faces challenges, both technologically and economically. Based on our new technology using CO2 as a reaction medium in a two-step process to catalytically convert glycerol to acrylic acid, we established computer simulation models to analyze the energy efficiency and estimate production costs at different scenarios. The analysis was conducted in conjunction with published data of a typical, intermediate-sized biodiesel facility, aiming at the feasibility of producing acrylic acid on-site in the context of a circular economy. Variable analysis in response to the market value of glycerol, the source and cost of carbon dioxide recycling, and the changes in process scale and conditions are also presented. Results indicates that a cost-effective supply of CO2 to the acrylic acid plant is key to the further research and development.
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- 2020
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23. Extending Catalyst Life in Glycerol-to-Acrolein Conversion Using Non-thermal Plasma
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Xiaofei Philip Ye, Benjamin Katryniok, Lu Liu, Mickaël Capron, Sébastien Paul, Franck Dumeignil, ENSCL, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 [UCCS], Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille, and Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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non-thermal plasma ,02 engineering and technology ,glycerol ,Silicotungstic acid ,Nonthermal plasma ,010402 general chemistry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Keggin structure ,Glycerol ,coking ,catalyst regeneration ,Original Research ,Chemistry ,acrolein ,Acrolein ,[CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis ,Coke ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Biodiesel production ,0210 nano-technology ,deactivation - Abstract
International audience; Booming biodiesel production worldwide demands valorization of its byproduct of glycerol. Acrolein, an important intermediate chemical, can be produced by gas-phase glycerol dehydration catalyzed by solid acids. Because catalysts that lead to high acrolein selectivity usually deactivate rapidly due to the formation of coke that blocks the active sites on their surface, one major challenge of this method is how to extend the service life of the catalyst. Silica-supported silicotungstic acid (HSiW-Si) is a good example of such a catalyst that shows good activity in glycerol dehydration to acrolein initially, but deactivates quickly. In this study, HSiW-Si was selected to probe the potential of using non-thermal plasma with oxygen-containing gas as the discharge gas (NTP-O2) to solve the catalyst deactivation problem. NTP-O2 was found to be effective in coke removal and catalyst regeneration at low temperatures without damaging the Keggin structure of the HSiW-Si catalyst.
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- 2019
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24. Separation of Switchgrass Bio-Oil by Water/Organic Solvent Addition and pH Adjustment
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Lydia Kyoung-Eun Park, X. Philip Ye, Sotira Yiacoumi, Abhijeet P. Borole, Costas Tsouris, and Shoujie Ren
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Aqueous solution ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Inorganic chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Aqueous two-phase system ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Hexadecane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Acetic acid ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Sodium hydroxide ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Energy source ,Hydrodeoxygenation - Abstract
Applications of bio-oil are limited by its challenging properties including high moisture content, low pH, high viscosity, high oxygen content, and low heating value. Separation of switchgrass bio-oil components by adding water, organic solvents (hexadecane and octane), and sodium hydroxide may help to overcome these issues. Acetic acid and phenolic compounds were extracted in aqueous and organic phases, respectively. Polar chemicals, such as acetic acid, did not partition in the organic solvent phase. Acetic acid in the aqueous phase after extraction is beneficial for a microbial-electrolysis-cell application to produce hydrogen as an energy source for further hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil. Organic solvents extracted more chemicals from bio-oil in combined than in sequential extraction; however, organic solvents partitioned into the aqueous phase in combined extraction. When sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH of aqueous bio-oil, organic-phase precipitation occurred. As the pH was increased, a bi...
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- 2016
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25. Catalytic conversion of glycerol to value-added chemicals in alcohol
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Shoujie Ren and X. Philip Ye
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Ethanol ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Methyl lactate ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Biodiesel production ,Yield (chemistry) ,Glycerol ,Organic chemistry ,Ethyl lactate ,Methanol - Abstract
With the aim to directly use the mixture of glycerol and methanol from the biodiesel production for value-added chemical production, catalytic conversion of refined glycerol to lactic acid (LA) and propylene glycol (PG) using mixed solid catalysts of CaO and CuO in methanol medium was first investigated. At the optimum condition, the yields of LA and PG achieved were 46 mol% and 35 mol%, respectively. For recycling the catalysts, a combined process of glycerol conversion to alkyl lactate was further investigated. Using this integrated process, 45 mol% methyl lactate yield and 28 mol% PG yield were achieved in methanol medium, and 45 mol% ethyl lactate and 18 mol% PG yield were achieved in ethanol medium. The test for crude glycerol conversion showed that the impurities had slightly negative effects on glycerol conversion and product yield in methanol medium but no obvious effect in ethanol medium. Similar glycerol conversion and product yield were obtained when the mixture of glycerol, methanol, and CaO from biodiesel production were directly used as starting material. This result suggests that the mixture from biodiesel production can be directly used to produce valued-added chemicals such as methyl lactate and PG.
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- 2015
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26. Simultaneous production of lactic acid and propylene glycol from glycerol using solid catalysts without external hydrogen
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X. Philip Ye and Lu Liu
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Biodiesel ,Hydrogen ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Copper ,Catalysis ,Lactic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Glycerol ,Organic chemistry ,Dehydrogenation - Abstract
Development of value-added chemicals from glycerol, the co-product with biodiesel, is imperative in sustaining the biodiesel industry. Combined usage of a solid base and a copper-based catalyst provided a catalytic pathway to convert glycerol to racemic lactic acid. A new pathway was found that during the glycerol-to-lactic acid conversion, hydrogen was formed, which could be used in situ to generate propylene glycol catalyzed by the copper-based catalyst. This new pathway was attested by results of systematically experimental study investigating the synergistic functions of a base catalyst (CaO, MgO, or SrO) and a copper-based dehydrogenation catalyst (Cu, CuO, Cu2O, or Cu2Cr2O5). Different combinations of catalysts and reaction conditions provided a tunable range for the yield of lactic acid and propylene glycol. Emphasis was put on the combined use of CuO and CaO due to their inexpensive availability and ease of recyclability; at optimal reaction conditions, the yield of lactic acid reached 52 mol% together with 31 mol% yield of propylene glycol.
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- 2015
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27. VALIDATING THE USE OF PULMONARY ARTERY ACCELERATION TIME IN ESTIMATING PULMONARY PRESSURE IN NEONATES
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Patrick J. McNamara, Karl P McNamara, Philip Ye, Amish Jain, and Soume Bhattacharya
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Acceleration time ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pulmonary pressure ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Text mining ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Pulmonary artery ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Abstract / Résumés ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of right ventricular peak systolic pressure (RVSP) or pulmonary pressure using echocardiography is crucial in neonates with acute or chronic pulmonary hypertension. Conventionally in echocardiography, the maximal velocity of the Tricuspid Regurgitant jet (TR Vmax) is used to estimate the RVSP. However, TR jet can often be absent or unmeasurable in neonates, resulting in a need to search for alternative echocardiographic measures of pulmonary pressure in neonates. Pulmonary Artery Doppler Waveform Parameter known as Pulmonary Artery Acceleration Time (PAAT) has been investigated in adults and older children and found to be reliable in estimating pulmonary pressure. To date, no such validation study exists for neonates.Hence we designed this study to explore the role of Pulmonary Artery Acceleration Time in estimating pulmonary pressures in neonates. OBJECTIVES To identify the pulmonary artery doppler waveform parameter that most closely reflects pulmonary pressure and analyse the impact of baseline variables and measurement techniques on this relationship. DESIGN/METHODS This was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted at two tertiary neonatal intensive care units. All neonates who underwent Targeted Neonatal Echocardiographic(TnECHO) assessments over May 2014-May 2017 were assessed for eligibility. Neonates whose echocardiography revealed a complete, measurableTR jet were included. Baseline characteristics such as gestational age, chronological age at echo, weight, blood pressure, ventilation and diagnosis were collected. Echocardiographic parameters such as TR Vmax, Pulmonary artery doppler waveform parameters such as Right Ventricular Ejection Time (RVET) and Pulmonary Artery Acceleration Time (PAAT) were measured by a single expert operator. Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI) was calculated as a ratio between RVET and PAAT. Correlation between pulmonary artery waveforms and RVSP estimated from the TR jet was examined using Pearson or Spearman analysis as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to further explore the influence of relevant factors on this relationship. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethic board. RESULTS 678 neonates with 1767 echocardiographic studies were screened for eligibility of which 201 scans were included. Mean gestational age of this cohort was 30.5+/-5.7 weeks with mean birthweight of 1635 +/-1115 grams. Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (ratio of RVET to PAAT) also known as indexed PAAT, measured by Pulsed Wave Doppler at the level of the main pulmonary artery was found to have the strongest correlation with RVSP estimated from TRVmax. [r=0.45,P CONCLUSION This important validation study shows that PAAT indexed to right ventricular ejection time(PVRI) has statistically significant correlation with pulmonary pressures as measured by TR jet in neonates. However the strength of correlation in neonates is moderate at best. The measurement is feasible with good interobserver agreement and potentially can play an important role in serial monitoring of pulmonary pressures in neonates without any demonstrable TR jet on echocardiography.
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- 2018
28. Tandem catalytic conversion of glycerol using solid catalysts followed by transesterification to produce alkyl lactate
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X. Philip Ye, Shoujie Ren, and Paul D. Ayers
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Transesterification ,Methyl lactate ,Lactic acid ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Glycerol ,Organic chemistry ,Ethyl lactate ,Methanol ,Alkyl - Abstract
This study investigated alkyl lactate production from glycerol by tandem processes which included glycerol conversion to calcium lactate using solid catalysts and subsequent transesterification of calcium lactate to alkyl lactate using methanol/ethanol and carbon dioxide. The effect of reaction conditions on alkyl lactate production was systematically investigated. A central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology were used to design the experiments and evaluate the optimum process conditions. At the optimum conditions, the methyl lactate yield reached 57 mol% with a glycerol conversion of 94 mol% using refined glycerol. A yield of approximately 42 mol% for ethyl lactate was obtained using refined glycerol at the optimum conditions. Similar glycerol conversion and alkyl lactate yields were obtained using crude glycerol, indicating that the impurities in the crude glycerol had no significant effects on alkyl lactate production. The examination of regenerated catalysts that had been reused twice showed no negative effects on glycerol conversion and methyl lactate production. Compared to the traditional lactic acid and alkyl lactate production, this two-step process for alkyl lactate production from glycerol is both economical and environmentally benign since no gypsum was produced and the solid catalysts can be regenerated and reused.
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- 2015
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29. The evolution of the mitochondrial disease diagnostic odyssey
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John L. P. Thompson, Amel Karaa, Hung Pham, Philip Yeske, Jeffrey Krischer, Yi Xiao, Yuelin Long, Amanda Kramer, David Dimmock, Amy Holbert, Cliff Gorski, Kristin M. Engelstad, Richard Buchsbaum, Xiomara Q. Rosales, and Michio Hirano
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Mitochondrial diseases often require multiple years and clinicians to diagnose. We lack knowledge of the stages of this diagnostic odyssey, and factors that affect it. Our goals are to report the results of the 2018 Odyssey2 (OD2) survey of patients with a medical diagnosis of mitochondrial disease; and to propose steps to reduce the odyssey going forward, and procedures to evaluate them. Methods Data are from the NIH-funded NAMDC-RDCRN-UMDF OD2 survey (N = 215). The main outcomes are Time from symptom Onset to mitochondrial disease Diagnosis (TOD) and Number of Doctors Seen during this diagnostic process (NDOCS). Results Expert recoding increased analyzable responses by 34% for final mitochondrial diagnosis and 39% for prior non-mitochondrial diagnosis. Only one of 122 patients who initially saw a primary care physician (PCP) received a mitochondrial diagnosis, compared to 26 of 86 (30%) who initially saw a specialist (p
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- 2023
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30. Utilizing bio-char as a bio-modifier for asphalt cement: A sustainable application of bio-fuel by-product
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Sheng Zhao, Baoshan Huang, Xiang Shu, Xiaoyang Jia, and X. Philip Ye
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Cement ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Cracking ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Asphalt ,Biochar ,medicine ,Particle size ,Carbon ,Pyrolysis ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The recent endeavor toward a bio-based economy in the U.S. leads to more attention to converting organic matters into bio-fuels. Efforts have been made to look for practical applications for bio-char, a carbonaceous by-product from converting plant matters to bio-fuels through pyrolysis. Bio-char is considered to be able to use as an asphalt binder modifier due to its carbon nature and morphology. In this study, bio-char derived from switchgrass through different types of pyrolysis were tested as bio-modifier for asphalt binder. A commercially activated carbon was utilized for comparison. All the carbonaceous additives were incorporated into one commonly used asphalt binder at different concentrations in order to obtain the optimal content. The samples were tested in the laboratory for their rheological characteristics, rutting and fatigue performance and ductility properties. Highest treatment temperature (HTT), pyrolysis method, particle size of bio-modifier and modifier content were investigated to achieve the optimal modification effect. It was found that bio-char was capable of reducing the temperature susceptibility and significantly increasing the rutting resistance of the asphalt binder. The addition of the bio-char showed little effect on the fatigue and cracking resistance, with the best fatigue and cracking resistance found on the bio-char with finer particles (−75 μm) produced at lower HTT (400 °C) and lower heating rate (15 °C/min). Based on the testing results, bio-char appears to be a more effective binder modifier than commercially activated carbon within addition of 10 wt.%.
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- 2014
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31. Glycerol conversion to lactic acid with sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst in a fed-batch reactor
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X. Philip Ye, Lu Chen, and Shoujie Ren
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inorganic chemicals ,Chemistry ,Batch reactor ,Inorganic chemistry ,Homogeneous catalysis ,Catalysis ,Lactic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sodium hydroxide ,Homogeneous ,Yield (chemistry) ,Glycerol ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
This study investigated a fed-batch process for glycerol conversion to lactic acid with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as homogeneous catalyst, with the aim to reduce the corrosiveness of catalyst to reactor. At the optimal conditions of the fed-batch process (1.1 M initial glycerol concentration, reaction time of 220 min, reaction temperature of 300 °C, NaOH concentration around 0.2 M), lactic acid yield reached 82 mol%, with 93 mol% of glycerol conversion. A first order kinetic model in the fed-batch conversion of glycerol was developed and validated under different process conditions. The corrosiveness to stainless steel reactor in glycerol conversion in the fed-batch process, measured as Fe3+ at the end of reaction, decreased from 9.5 to 1.5 ppm Fe3+ when compared to a batch process using a homogeneous 1.25 M NaOH as catalyst. Application of the fed-batch reactor in the crude glycerol conversion reached the maximum lactic acid yield of 72.9 mol% with 92.4 mol% glycerol conversion, but high soap content in crude glycerol has negative effects on both lactic acid yield and glycerol conversion.
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- 2014
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32. Lactic acid production from glycerol using CaO as solid base catalyst
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Shoujie Ren, Lu Chen, and X. Philip Ye
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Biodiesel ,General Chemical Engineering ,Alkalinity ,food and beverages ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Catalysis ,Lactic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Biodiesel production ,Glycerol ,Organic chemistry ,Calcium oxide ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
In the valorization of glycerol as byproduct of biodiesel production, although recent progress in glycerol conversion to lactic acid using homogeneous chemocatalysis showed promising high yield, the used high alkalinity entails high corrosiveness to reactors and problematic downstream separations. In this study, five solid base catalysts were screened for converting glycerol to lactic acid with the aim to ease corrosiveness, focusing on inexpensive CaO as a promising solid base. Process conditions were systematically investigated for optimization. The highest yield of lactic acid achieved was 40.8 mol% with a glycerol conversion of 97.8 mol% at the optimum conditions using refined glycerol. Similar conversion rate and lactic acid yield were also obtained in the conversion of crude glycerol using CaO if the water content in crude glycerol is lower than 10%. CaO exhibited lower activation energy in converting glycerol to lactic acid compared to homogeneous NaOH catalyst. Corrosiveness to reactor using CaO was proven much lower than that using homogeneous NaOH catalyst. CaO as catalyst for both biodiesel production and subsequent crude glycerol conversion to lactic acid was investigated, revealing its potential industrial applications for the production of both biodiesel and lactic acid.
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- 2014
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33. Laboratory Investigation of Biochar-Modified Asphalt Mixture
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Xiang Shu, Baoshan Huang, Sheng Zhao, and Philip Ye
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Moisture ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Fossil fuel ,Pellets ,Carbon black ,Biofuel ,Asphalt ,visual_art ,Biochar ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental science ,Charcoal ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The United States is promoting the establishment of a bio-based economy, generating energy and fuels from renewable organic matters rather than fossil fuels. Byproducts such as fractions of biochar not suitable for biofuel production are drawing extensive attention. (“Biochar” is defined by Oxford's online dictionary as “charcoal produced from plant matter and stored in the soil as a means of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.”) Recently, biochar produced with different production parameters was tried as an asphalt modifier owing to its carbon origin and proved to be positive in binder modification. This study evaluated the performance of hot-mix asphalt modified by one type of pyrolytic biochar with controlled production parameters. Typical carbon black powder pellets and microsized carbon fiber were selected as the reference additives. Multiple laboratory binder and performance tests were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties of the modified binder, rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, and cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. On the basis of test results, the biochar evaluated in this study proved to be an effective modifier in reducing the temperature susceptibility of the binder and thus increased the rutting, moisture, and cracking resistance of hot-mix asphalt. In addition, biochar proved to be a better asphalt modifier than did carbon black and carbon fiber.
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- 2014
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34. Neutron Scattering for Moisture Detection in Foamed Asphalt
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Yang Zhang, Baoshan Huang, Dayakar Penumadu, X. Philip Ye, Xiang Shu, and Yun Liu
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Spatial density ,Materials science ,Moisture ,Compaction ,Building and Construction ,Neutron scattering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Asphalt ,Cohesion (geology) ,General Materials Science ,Geotechnical engineering ,Moisture Damage ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Foamed warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has been widely accepted and used in the United States and many other countries around the world. However, several key concerns about WMA technology still need to be answered, including the major issue of moisture-induced damage. Because of the reduced production temperatures and the foaming process with water, moisture may be entrapped in pavements after compaction. The trapped moisture decreases the adhesion between asphalt binder and aggregates and the cohesion among asphalt binder, resulting in stripping and other forms of pavement distress. The neutron scattering technique provides a unique tool for the determination of the microscopic structure of asphalt and for the detection of the presence of moisture and its spatial distributions in asphalt. In particular, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in the wave vector transfer range from 0.003−0.5 A−1 is suitable to probe the spatial density fluctuations in the real space from 200−1 nm, which has a resolution se...
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- 2013
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35. Transformative experiences at art museums to support flourishing in medicine
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Sean Tackett, Lauren Eller, Samuel Scharff, Kamna S. Balhara, Kaitlin M. Stouffer, Melissa Suchanek, Sarah L. Clever, Philip Yenawine, Suzy Wolffe, and Margaret S. Chisolm
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Professional identity formation ,arts and humanities ,visual art ,flourishing ,wellness ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
ABSTRACTPurpose We implemented and evaluated a hybrid 4-week arts-based elective for clinical medical students to support flourishing.Materials and Methods Five students participated in early 2022. Twelve sessions occurred in-person at art museums and other cultural centers, and five occurred online. Sessions incorporated varied arts-based learning activities, including Visual Thinking Strategies, a jazz seminar, and a mask-making workshop. We evaluated the course via weekly reflective essays, interviews 6 weeks after the course, and pre-post surveys that included four scales with clinical relevance: capacity for wonder (CfW), tolerance for ambiguity (TFA), interpersonal reactivity index, and openness to diversity.Results Qualitatively, the course helped learners: 1) reconnect with individual characteristics and interests that had been neglected during medical education; 2) better appreciate others’ perspectives; 3) develop identities as physicians; and 4) engage in quiet reflection, renewing their sense of purpose. Quantitatively, pre-post mean totals increased for the CfW (32.0 [SD 6.8] vs 44.0 [SD 5.7], p=.006) and TFA scales (16.4 [SD 5.2] vs 24.2 [SD 6.9], p=.033).Conclusions This elective facilitated learners’ connecting with themselves, others, and their profession with improvement in clinically-relevant measures. This provides further evidence that arts-based education can foster professional identity formation and be transformative for students.
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- 2023
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36. The role of arts-based curricula in professional identity formation: results of a qualitative analysis of learner’s written reflections
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James Aluri, Joyce Ker, Bonnie Marr, Heather Kagan, Kaitlin Stouffer, Philip Yenawine, Margot Kelly-Hedrick, and Margaret S. Chisolm
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Professional identity formation ,health humanities ,reflective writing ,visual Arts-Based learning ,visual thinking strategies ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground Professional identity formation is an important aspect of medical education that can be difficult to translate into formal curricula. The role of arts and humanities programs in fostering professional identity formation remains understudied. Analyzing learners’ written reflections, we explore the relationship between an arts-based course and themes of professional identity formation.Materials and methods Two cohorts of learners participated in a 5-day online course featuring visual arts-based group activities. Both cohorts responded to a prompt with written reflections at the beginning and end of the course. Using a thematic analysis method, we qualitatively analyzed one set of reflections from each cohort.Results Themes included the nature of the good life; fulfilling, purposeful work; entering the physician role; exploration of emotional experience; and personal growth. Reflections written at the end of the course engaged significantly with art – including literature, poetry, lyrics, and film. One student disclosed a mental illness in their reflection.Conclusions Our qualitative analysis of reflections written during a visual arts-based course found several themes related to professional identity formation. Such arts-based courses can also enrich learners’ reflections and provide a space for learners to be vulnerable.Practice Points (five short bullets conveying the main points) Arts-based courses can support learners’ professional identity formationReflection themes related to professional identity formation included entering the physician role, fulfilling clinical work, and personal growthAt the end of the course, learners’ reflections included significant engagement with artReflective writing in small, arts-based learning communities can provide space for learners to be vulnerableThe Role of Arts-Based Curricula in Professional Identity Formation: Results of A Qualitative Analysis of Learner’s Written Reflections
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- 2023
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37. Acrolein Production from Crude Glycerol in Sub‐ and Super‐Critical Water
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X. Philip Ye, Leming Cheng, and Lu Liu
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General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Acrolein ,Acetaldehyde ,Sulfuric acid ,Propionaldehyde ,medicine.disease ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Glycerol ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Dehydration - Abstract
To better understand the effects of water properties on the reaction characteristics of acrolein production from glycerol, dehydration of refined glycerol and crude glycerol was comparatively conducted in both sub- and super-critical water states, and the effect of changing water properties was studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The effects of reaction temperature, pressure, residence time, water/glycerol ratio, and catalyst concentration on the yields and distribution of chemical products were also examined. Acrolein yield >80 mol% from both refined glycerol and crude glycerol can be achieved by controlling water properties in the sub-critical water state with the addition of sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst and the formation of undesired acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde can be greatly restrained. These results provide valuable information for the production of value-added chemicals from crude glycerol.
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- 2012
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38. Variability of biomass chemical composition and rapid analysis using FT-NIR techniques
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X. Philip Ye, Alvin R. Womac, Shahab Sokhansanj, and Lu Liu
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Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Biomass ,Galactan ,Straw ,Pulp and paper industry ,Xylan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Corn stover ,chemistry ,Botany ,Materials Chemistry ,Lignin ,Chemical composition ,Renewable resource - Abstract
A quick method for analyzing the chemical composition of renewable energy biomass feedstock was developed by using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis. The study presents the broad-based model hypothesis that a single FT-NIR predictive model can be developed to analyze multiple types of biomass feedstock. The two most important biomass feedstocks – corn stover and switchgrass – were evaluated for the variability in their concentrations of the following components: glucan, xylan, galactan, arabinan, mannan, lignin, and ash. A hypothesis test was developed based upon these two species. Both cross-validation and independent validation results showed that the broad-based model developed is promising for future chemical prediction of both biomass species; in addition, the results also showed the method's prediction potential for wheat straw.
- Published
- 2010
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39. Pretreatment of near Infrared Spectral Data in Fast Biomass Analysis
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Al Womac, X. Philip Ye, Arnold M. Saxton, and Lu Liu
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Biomass ,Chemical similarity ,Chemical property ,Biological system ,Spectroscopy ,Chemical composition ,Derivative (chemistry) - Abstract
The ability to rapidly evaluate the chemical composition of biomass feedstock for purposes of process monitoring and optimisation is useful for gauging the potential applications and value of such feedstocks. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis and data pretreatment, was evaluated to remove interference from physical heterogeneity that could mask chemical property responses. Pretreatment methods included standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scattering correction (MSC), 1st derivative with the Savitzky-Golay algorithm (1st derivative), 2nd derivative with the Savitzky-Golay algorithm (2nd derivative), extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) and combinations of 1st derivative/2nd derivative with SNV. Results indicated that, of these methods, EMSC was most effective for diffuse reflectance NIR analysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The EMSC-pretreated data not only best accessed the chemical similarity of the probed feedstocks in our hierarchical cluster analysis but also consistently led to the overall best prediction of the chemical composition of the biomass.
- Published
- 2010
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40. Recent progress in converting biomass to biofuels and renewable chemicals in sub- or supercritical water
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Leming Cheng and X. Philip Ye
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Materials science ,Biomass to liquid ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,Chemical industry ,complex mixtures ,Supercritical fluid ,Renewable energy ,Biofuel ,Ethanol fuel ,business ,Energy source ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
This review covers recent research and development undertaken in converting biomass (lignocelluloses, carbohydrates, waste vegetable oil and algae) to biofuels and renewable chemicals using sub- or supercritical water (SCW) as thermochemical reaction media. Applications of SCW technology in pretreating biomass for bioethanol production by fermentation and in hydrogen/methane production by gasification are not covered in this review. The focus is on research progress in understanding the conversion characteristics of model biomass compounds, such as hemicellulose, cellulose, triglycerides and, to a lesser extent, real heterogeneous biomass in SCW. Specific attention is given to promising reaction pathways and novel process development in SCW conversion of biomass and its model compounds. There are good opportunities for the use of biomass feedstocks and SCW technology in the production of liquid fuels for the transportation sector, as well as renewable chemicals for the chemical industry. However, a broad ...
- Published
- 2010
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41. A DRIFTS Study of Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols by Alumina-supported Heteropoly Acid
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Leming Cheng and X. Philip Ye
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ethylene ,Alkene ,Alcohol ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Aldehyde ,Catalysis ,Propene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Hydration reaction ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Dehydration - Abstract
Selectively catalyzed dehydration of ethanol, 1,2-propylene glycol, and glycerol on supported heteropoly acid (HPA) was studied using transient diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Tungstosilicic acid (H4[SiW12O40] denoted as H4SiW), supported on neutral mesoporous alumina as a catalyst, was studied to investigate the formation of intermediate products and desired dehydration products on the catalyst surface. Both ethylene-containing species and surface-bound carboxyl species were detected for all three alcohols. The formation of ethylene was promoted at lower temperatures while an increased reaction temperature facilitated the formation of acetate products when ethanol was used. When 1,2-propylene glycol was used, surface-bound carboxyl species were found as major intermediate products; these might have formed from propanal produced from the hydration reaction catalyzed by acid sites on HPA. Intermediate species from more complicated reactions were detected on the catalyst surface when glycerol was used, including aldehyde, surface-bound carboxyl species, and alkene species. The results indicated that acid dehydration might be facilitated either by the addition of water or lowering the reaction temperature. The work provides insight into reaction pathways for bio-polyols, and therefore is informative for designing cost-effective and efficient chemical catalysis systems for the conversion of bio-renewables.
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- 2009
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42. Effects of high-pressure homogenization on physicochemical properties and storage stability of switchgrass bio-oil
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Ronghai He, Burton C. English, X. Philip Ye, and Federico Harte
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General Chemical Engineering ,Levoglucosan ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Furfural ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Molar mass distribution ,Heat of combustion ,Particle size ,Food science ,Water content ,Chemical composition - Abstract
A high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was used to improve the physicochemical properties and storage stability of switchgrass bio-oil. The viscosity, ethanol-insoluble fraction, and mass average molecular weight (Mw) of the bio-oil decreased significantly, and particle size became smaller after HPH processing; however, no significant changes were detected in heating value, water content, density, pH value, or ash content. The bio-oil's chemical composition changed after HPH: amounts of some compounds (furfural, levoglucosan, diethoxymethyl acetate, and lignin-derived compounds) increased, while others (acetic acid and 1,2-ethanediol) decreased. The homogenization processing remarkably improved switchgrass bio-oil stability: the viscosity of bio-oil homogenized at 100 MPa increased by only 13.9% after storage at 40 °C for 60 days, whereas that of unhomogenized oil increased 56% after the same storage period. The operating cost was very modest at only $0.0102/L for bio-oil HPH processing at 100 MPa.
- Published
- 2009
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43. Investigation of rapid conversion of switchgrass in subcritical water
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Leming Cheng, Ronghai He, X. Philip Ye, and Shirley Liu
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General Chemical Engineering ,Batch reactor ,Analytical chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Methanol ,Char ,Pyrolysis ,Chemical decomposition - Abstract
The reaction characteristics of switchgrass conversion in subcritical water were investigated using a batch reactor under conditions of rapid rising to 250–350 °C and pressure of 20 MPa, with reaction times varying from 1–300 s. The effects of temperature and reaction time on product distribution and yields of chemical products were investigated. High conversion of switchgrass (90 wt.% on dry biomass basis) can be obtained in less than 60 s under a relative lower reaction temperature of 350 °C, compared with that in a switchgrass flash pyrolysis process where switchgrass conversion achieves only 58.9–78.8 wt.% in temperature range of 450–550 °C. The yield of water solubles (WS) can reach 37 wt.% after reaction for 1 s at 250 °C. The increases in temperature and reaction time lead to increases of the biomass conversion and the yield of gas, while WS yield decreases by secondary decomposition reactions. Many lignin-derived compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis and could well be recovered in methanol solubles (MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of methanol insolubles (MI) indicated that the lignocellulosic matrix could be significantly decomposed, and no char formation was observed, while many lignin structures were left in the MI products. These results provide important information for recovering value-added chemicals from energy crops and biomass waste.
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- 2009
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44. Effects of refining steam pressure on the properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) fibers
- Author
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Trairat Neimsuwan, Siqun Wang, and Xiaofei Philip Ye
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Biomaterials ,%22">Pinus ,Materials science ,Water activity ,food and beverages ,Steam pressure ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,Loblolly pine ,humanities ,Refining (metallurgy) - Abstract
Medium density fiberboard is widely used with increasing tendency in North America, particularly in the furniture sector, including door skin and cabinets. Sorption property is one of the most important factors for quality judgment. This study will present water vapor sorption behavior of fibers in the range of varying relative humidity from 11% to 89% as affected by steam pressure of thermomechanical refining in small-scale measurement. A 54-year-old loblolly pine tree was refined at 2 to 18 bar of steam pressure. Fiber properties were determined by scanning electron microscope, dynamic contact angle analyzer, wide angle X-ray diffractometer, and water activity meter. The results showed that steam pressure has a dramatic effect on sorption behavior and surface properties of the refined fiber. In conclusion, a higher rate of sorption was found in juvenile fiber at low steam pressure. Higher water activity and lower crystallinity was found at low steam pressure. The sorption isotherm of refined fiber was fitted very well by the Hailwood-Horrobin model.
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- 2008
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45. Soy-Based Chemicals and Materials
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Robert P. Brentin, Jie Dong, Yinming Du, Yipin Zhou, Shang-Tian Yang, X. Philip Ye, Shoujie Ren, Chandresh Thakker, Ka-Yiu San, George N. Bennett, Abdullah Al Loman, Lu-Kwang Ju, B. Kollbe Ahn, D. Graiver, K. W. Farminer, R. Narayan, Charles R. Frihart, Michael J. Birkeland, Madhukar Rao, Gamini Samarnayake, James Marlow, Richard Tomko, Xiaofeng Ren, Mark Soucek, A. Salam, H. Jameel, Y. Liu, L. A. Lucia, Paula Watt, Coleen Pugh, Dwight Rust, Junna Xin, Pei Zhang, Kun Huang, Jinwen Zhang, Janice Tardiff, Cynthia M. Flanigan, Laura Beyer, David Grewell, James Schrader, Gowrishankar Srinivasan, Harjoyti Kalita, Samim Alam, Deep Kalita, Andrey Chernykh, Ihor Tarnavchyk, James Bahr, Satyabrata Samanta, Anurad Jayasooriyama, Shashi Fernando, Sermadurai Selvakumar, Andriy Popadyuk, Dona Suranga Wickramaratne, Mukund Sibi, Andriy Voronov, Achintya Bezbaruah, Bret J. Chisholm, Robert P. Brentin, Jie Dong, Yinming Du, Yipin Zhou, Shang-Tian Yang, X. Philip Ye, Shoujie Ren, Chandresh Thakker, Ka-Yiu San, George N. Bennett, Abdullah Al Loman, Lu-Kwang Ju, B. Kollbe Ahn, D. Graiver, K. W. Farminer, R. Narayan, Charles R. Frihart, Michael J. Birkeland, Madhukar Rao, Gamini Samarnayake, James Marlow, Richard Tomko, Xiaofeng Ren, Mark Soucek, A. Salam, H. Jameel, Y. Liu, L. A. Lucia, Paula Watt, Coleen Pugh, Dwight Rust, Junna Xin, Pei Zhang, Kun Huang, Jinwen Zhang, Janice Tardiff, Cynthia M. Flanigan, Laura Beyer, David Grewell, James Schrader, Gowrishankar Srinivasan, Harjoyti Kalita, Samim Alam, Deep Kalita, Andrey Chernykh, Ihor Tarnavchyk, James Bahr, Satyabrata Samanta, Anurad Jayasooriyama, Shashi Fernando, Sermadurai Selvakumar, Andriy Popadyuk, Dona Suranga Wickramaratne, Mukund Sibi, Andriy Voronov, Achintya Bezbaruah, and Bret J. Chisholm
- Subjects
- Adhesives--Formation, Soy flour--Industrial applications, Coatings--Formation, Soybean--Properties, Soybean--Adhesion, Thermosetting composites--Additives, Soy oil--Synthesis, Polymerization, Biodegradable plastics, Thermosetting plastics--Development, Rubber, Artificial--Additives, Soybean--Derivatives--Industrial applications, Butanol--Formation--Methodology, Soybean products--Economic aspects, Soybean--Biotechnology, Soybean products, Glycerin--Industrial applications, Polyols, Organosilicon
- Published
- 2014
46. Navigating Life With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathies: The Importance of the Patient Voice and Implications for Clinical Practice
- Author
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Margaret Moore, Philip Yeske, and Sumit Parikh
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Primary mitochondrial myopathies (PMM) are rare disorders with diverse and progressive symptom presentations that cause a substantial, detrimental impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. The burden of symptoms is compounded by their visibility and their unpredictable, progressive nature, leading to a sense of social stigmatization, limited autonomy, social isolation, and grief. There is also a lack of awareness and expertise in the medical community, which presents huge obstacles to diagnosis and provision of coordinated multidisciplinary care for these patients, along with a lack of disease-modifying treatments. The present commentary serves to raise awareness of the challenges faced by patients with PMM and their caregivers in their own words, including diagnostic delays, the burden of disease, and the need for further trials to develop disease-modifying treatments and improved understanding of the disease course. We also provide commentary on considerations for clinical practice, including the need for holistic care and multidisciplinary care teams, details of common ‘red flag’ symptoms, proposed diagnostic approaches, and suggested descriptions of multisystemic symptoms for physician-patient dialogue. In addition, we highlight the role patient advocacy and support groups play in supporting patients and providing access to reliable, up-to-date information and educational resources on these rare diseases.
- Published
- 2023
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47. Risk of Malignancy in Follicular Neoplasms without Nuclear Atypia: Statistical Analysis of 397 Thyroidectomies
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Grace C. H. Yang, Judith D. Goldberg, and Philip Ye
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Adolescent ,Adenoma ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Risk of malignancy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Urology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Endocrinology ,Follicular neoplasms ,Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ,Follicular phase ,Odds Ratio ,Adenoma, Oxyphilic ,Humans ,Medicine ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Statistical analysis ,Thyroid Neoplasms ,Nuclear atypia ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cell Nucleus ,business.industry ,Biopsy, Needle ,Age Factors ,Thyroidectomy ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Cytopathology ,Female ,business - Abstract
To determine how to triage patients with a follicular neoplasm (FN), without nuclear atypia reported by fine-needle aspiration, on the basis of risk factors.The age, sex, tumor size, and cell type of 397 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for follicular carcinoma (FC) or follicular adenoma between 1991 and 2001 were analyzed statistically. The likelihood ratio and probability of FC for various combinations of tumor size, sex, and cell type were estimated with use of Bayes' theorem.FC was significantly associated with tumor size2.1 cm (P = 0.048), male sex (P = 0.0007), and Hürthle cell type (P0.0001). The mean size of minimally invasive FC was significantly smaller (2.9 cm versus 4.8 cm; P = 0.004) and the mean patient age was significantly younger (47.6 years versus 61.0 years; P = 0.003) than for widely invasive FC. The lowest probability (0.31%) for FC was in female patients with a small (or = 2.1 cm) micro-follicular FN reported by a cytopathology practice with 10% accuracy of true FN at surgical intervention, whereas the highest probability (29.5%) for FC was in male patients with a large (2.1 cm) Hürthle cell neoplasm reported by a cytopathology practice with 70% accuracy of true FN at surgical intervention.Although an estimate of probability for FC based on age, sex, thyroid nodule size, and cell type is provided in this study for patients diagnosed with FN without nuclear atypia on fine-needle aspiration, the variability of the accuracy in cytopathology practice makes it difficult to change the current treatment paradigm, which requires carefully planned prospective studies with long-term follow-up.
- Published
- 2003
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48. Laboratory Evaluation of Asphalt Cement and Mixture Modified by Bio-Char Produced through Fast Pyrolysis
- Author
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Philip Ye, Baoshan Huang, and Sheng Zhao
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Cement ,Cracking ,Materials science ,Asphalt pavement ,Rheology ,Rut ,Asphalt ,Biochar ,Composite material ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
In this paper, fractionated bio-char, a carbonaceous co-product from bio-fuel production, is utilized as an asphalt modifier. Laboratory testing was conducted to evaluate the modification effect of bio-char on asphalt cement and mixture. The bio-char used in this study was derived from switch grass and produced through a fast pyrolysis method. The binder samples, made by incorporating bio-char into one commonly used asphalt binder in the U.S., were tested for their rheological characteristics, rutting, and fatigue performance. It was found that bio-char was capable of significantly increasing the rutting resistance of the asphalt binder. The fatigue and cracking resistance was little affected by modification. The modified hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture showed better resistance in rutting, moisture damage and cracking.
- Published
- 2014
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49. Value-Added Chemicals from Glycerol
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X. Philip Ye and Shoujie Ren
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Glycerol ,Food science ,Value (mathematics) - Published
- 2014
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50. Back Cover: Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein Catalyzed by ZSM-5 Zeolite in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Medium (ChemSusChem 23/2016)
- Author
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Bin Zou, X. Philip Ye, and Shoujie Ren
- Subjects
Green chemistry ,Supercritical carbon dioxide ,General Chemical Engineering ,Acrolein ,Glycerol dehydration ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,Supercritical fluid ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,General Energy ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Solvent effects - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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