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1. Direct Numerical Simulation of Surface Wrinkling for Extraction of Thin Metal Film Material Properties

Author

Seonho Seok, HyungDal Park, Philippe Coste, and Jinseok Kim

Subjects
direct simulation, FEM, surface wrinkling, materials properties, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

This paper presents a direct numerical simulation for the extraction of material properties based on thin-film wrinkling on scotch tape. Conventional FEM-based buckling simulation sometimes requires complex modeling techniques concerning mesh element manipulation or boundary conditions. The direct numerical simulation differs from FEM (finite element method)-based conventional two-step linear–nonlinear buckling simulation in that mechanical imperfections are directly applied into the elements of the simulation model. Hence, it can be performed in one step to find the wrinkling wavelength and amplitude, which are key parameters to extract the material mechanical properties. Moreover, the direct simulation can reduce simulation time and modeling complexity. Using the direct model, the effect of the number of imperfections on wrinkling characteristics was first studied, and then wrinkling wavelengths depending on the elastic moduli of the associated materials were prepared for the extraction of material properties. Thin-film wrinkling test patterns on scotch tape were fabricated using the transfer technique with low adhesion between metal films and the polyimide substrate. The material properties of the thin metal films were determined by comparing the measured wrinkling wavelengths and the proposed direct simulation results. By consequence, the elastic moduli of 300 nm thick gold film and 300 nm thick aluminum were determined as 250 GPa and 300 GPa, respectively.

Published
2023
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2. Oxygen and hydrogen sorption in thermally activated yttrium-based getter thin films for MEMS vacuum packaging

Author

Charlotte Kutyla, Sylvain Lemettre, Clement Bessouet, Alain Bosseboeuf, Philippe Coste, Thierry Sauvage, Olivier Wendling, Aurelien Bellamy, Piyush Jagtap, Stephanie Escoubas, Christophe Guichet, Olivier Thomas, Johan Moulin, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Yttrium alloys, thin films, oxidation, getter, lowtemperature bonding
Abstract

International audience; Many microsensors need to operate in medium vacuum, which is obtained by low temperature vacuum packaging integrating a getter film. By a thermal activation during the sealing process, the getter film aims to compensate the outgassing of the inner surfaces of the micro-cavity and also leaks after sealing. Thin films of getter alloys were coevaporated under ultra-high vacuum on silicon wafers. They were activated by annealing at temperatures ranging from 225 °C to 400 °C, during one hour under Argon atmosphere with traces of oxidizing species. Three complementary ion beam analysis techniques were performed to obtain depth profiles and to quantify the number of atoms of the different gaseous species absorbed by the getter films: Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA). The results show that both oxygen and hydrogen diffuse inside the getter films. However, hydrogen tends to accumulate near the interface between film and substrate and starts to diffuse inside substrate as well. We demonstrated that the sorption of hydrogen by an yttrium-based getter film is tailored by its composition and depends on its degree of oxidation.

Published
2022
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8. Hydrogen sorption in yttrium-based getter thin films

Author

Charlotte Kutyla, Clément Bessouet, Sylvain Lemettre, Laetitia Leroy, Alain Bosseboeuf, Philippe Coste, Thierry Sauvage, Olivier Wendling, Aurélien Bellamy, Piyush Jagtap, Stéphanie Escoubas, Christophe Guichet, Olivier Thomas, and Johan Moulin

Subjects
Condensed Matter Physics, Instrumentation, Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Published
2023
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10. Electrical and ion beam analyses of Yttrium and Yttrium-Titanium getter thin films oxidation

Author

Alain Bosseboeuf, Charlotte Kutyla, Olivier Wendling, Hélène Lecoq, Philippe Coste, S. Escoubas, Piyush Jagtap, Aurélien Bellamy, C. Guichet, Sylvain Lemettre, Clement Bessouet, Olivier Thomas, Thierry Sauvage, Johan Moulin, BOSSEBOEUF, Alain, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Annealing (metallurgy), oxidation, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Yttrium alloys, Getter, low-temperature bonding, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Process Chemistry and Technology, Yttrium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, MEMS packaging, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemical engineering, chemistry, thin films, getter, Grain boundary, 0210 nano-technology, Titanium
Abstract

International audience; Yttrium, Titanium and Yttrium-Titanium getter thin films were elaborated on silicon by co-evaporation in ultra-high vacuum. Y-Ti films exhibit nanometric crystallites size (18-35 nm) leading to a very high grain boundary density, which is a favorable microstructure for an activation at low temperature. The yttrium content in Y-Ti alloys influences grain size, resistance against room temperature oxidation and gettering performance for oxygen. Y-Ti films with an yttrium content higher than 30 % show strong oxygen sorption during annealing at low temperature (< 300 °C). After 1 h of annealing at 250 °C, it was estimated that the yttrium-based getter films can trap between 0.2 and 0.5 µmol of oxygen per cm 2 , while no oxygen sorption was detected for a single metal titanium film. This make Y-Ti getter alloys attractive candidates for the packaging of MEMS under vacuum with a low bonding temperature.

Published
2021

11. Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

Author

Cécile Couchoud, Florian Bayer, Carole Ayav, Clémence Béchade, Philippe Brunet, François Chantrel, Luc Frimat, Roula Galland, Maryvonne Hourmant, Emmanuelle Laurain, Thierry Lobbedez, Lucile Mercadal, Olivier Moranne, Abdelhamid Abbassi, Alain Debure, Abdallah Guerraoui, Abdelatif Benmoussa, Abdelaziz Hamani, Abdelaziz Ziane, Abdelhamid Nefti, Abdelkader Hadj, Abderrahim El Amari, Abderrahmane Ghazali, Abo Bakr Abd El Fatah Mohamed, Achour Laradi, Adel Ben Ahmed, Adel Sahar, Adele Pillet, Adeline Lacraz, Adnan Moinat, Afshin Massoumi, Agathe Pardon, Agnes Caillette Beaudoin, Agnes Chapelet Debout, Agnes Mariot, Ahmed Rachi, Aida Afiani, Aime Remy Boula, Al Jalaby, Alain Cremault, Alain Fournier, Alain Jeanson, Alain Lyon, Alain Nony, Alain Robert, Alain Slingeneyer, Alanor Agnes Labatide, Albane Brodin Sartorius, Albert Bensman, Albert Fournier, Alex Ranlin, Alex Vido Sandor, Alexandra Colombo, Alexandra Duhem, Alexandra Stancu, Alexandre Dufay, Alexandre Dumoulin, Alexandre Ebel, Alexandre Klein, Alexandre Martin, Alexandre Mouneimne, Alexandre Seidowsky, Alfio De Martin, Alfredo Zannier, Ali Aizel, Ali Hafi, Ali Zineddine Diddaoui, Alim Heyani, Alina Mocanu, Alina Preda, Aline Hafi, Aline Talaszka, Alyette Duquesne, Amar Amaouche, Amel Ghemmour, Amelie Simon, Amina Skalli, Amine Boukadida, Amr Ekhlas Ragab Eid, Ana Fedorca, Anabelle Baillet, Anais Poyet, Ancuta Bouffandeau Giorgita, Anderson Ratsimbazafy, Andre Pruna, Angel Argiles, Angelo Testa, Ann Karolien Vandooren, Anne Jolivot, Anne Kolko Labadens, Anne Lataste, Anne Maisin, Anne Paris, Anne Sechet, Anne Wuillai, Anne Elisabeth Heng, Anne Gaelle Josse, Anne Helene Querard, Anne Helene Reboux, Anne Laure Adra, Anne Laure Faller, Anne Laure Leclerc, Anne Laure Poitou, Annie Lahoche Manucci, Antoine Jacquet, Antoine Pommereau, Antoine Thierry, Arezki Adem, Arielle Chapelet, Arnaud Del Bello, Arnaud Delezire, Arnaud Garnier, Arnaud Guerard, Arnaud Klisnick, Arnaud Lionet, Arnaud Roccabianca, Arnaud Stolz, Arthur Capdeville, Asma Allal, Assem Alrifai, Assetou Diarrassouba, Assia Djema, Assia Ferhat Carre, Astrid Godron Dubrasquet, Atman Haddj Elmrabet, Audrey Jegado, Aurelia Bertholet Thomas, Aurelie Davourie Salandre, Aurelie Pajot, Aurelien Lorthioir, Aurelien Tiple, Aurore Sury, Ayman Abokasem, Ayman Sarraj, Bachir Henaoui, Baher Chaghouri, Bassem Wehbe, Beatrice Ball, Beatrice Viron, Belkassem Issad, Benedicte Hodemon Corne, Benedicte Janbon, Benjamin Deroure, Benjamin Savenkoff, Benoit Jonon, Benoit Vendrely, Benyakoub Djelaleddine, Bernard Ohry, Bernard Painchart, Bernard Strullu, Bernard Temperville, Bertin Ebikili, Bertrand Hacq, Bertrand Morel, Bilal Aoun, Blanca Muniz, Bouchra Chlih, Brahim Amara, Brice Mayor, Brigitte Gilson, Brigitte Llanas, Brigitte Zins, Bruno Bourgeon, Bruno Coevoet, Bruno Guery, Bruno Legallicier, Bruno Paris, Bruno Ranchin, Bruno Seigneuric, Camelia Ghiciuc Dita, Camelia Prelipcean, Carine Achard Hottelart, Carine Diet, Carlos Frangie, Carlos Vela, Carmina Muresan, Carole Deprele, Caroline Araujo, Caroline Bidault, Caroline Creput, Caroline Delclaux, Caroline Du Halgouet, Caroline Favennec, Caroline Freguin, Caroline Gourraud Vercel, Caroline Mesguen, Caroline Ndomo Obama, Caroline Poitou, Caroline Preissig Dirhold, Caroline Roubiou, Catherine Albert, Catherine Bessin, Catherine De Marion Gaja, Catherine Godart, Catherine Lasseur, Catherine Leocardi, Catherine Lumbroso, Catherine Melander, Catherine Michel, Catherine Quere Maurouard, Catherine Rouannet, Catherine Taddei, Cathy Verove, Cecile Guiraud, Cecile Tafelin, Cecile Turc Baron, Cedric Formet, Cedric Pinier, Celia Lessore De Ste Foy, Celine Granolleras, Chaouki Bennini, Charles Cartou, Charles Chazot, Charlotte Jouzel, Cherif Badid, Christa Roubicek, Christel Viaud, Christelle Verrier, Christian Chuet, Christian Combe, Christian Dabot, Christian Duvic, Christian Emond, Christian Lagarde, Christian Lamotte, Christian Pain, Christiane Mousson, Christie Lorriaux, Christine Beauchamp, Christine Fumeron, Christine Le Gurun, Christine Leroy, Christine Pietrement, Christine Richer, Christophe Bouaka, Christophe Charasse, Christophe Goupy, Christophe Ridel, Cindy Castrale, Cindy Detourne, Clair Francois, Claire Presne, Claire Trivin, Clarissa Von Kotze, Claude Bernard, Claude Bonniol, Claude Desvergnes, Claude Raharivelina, Claudia Nistor, Claudine Gueret, Claudine Lloret, Claudine Saltiel, Clelia Rosati, Clementine Rabate, Corina Stanescu, Corinne Ferrandini, Corinne Guibergia, Corinne Lemoine, Corinne Passeron, Cynthia Kahil, Cyril Garrouste, Cyril Vo Van, Cyrille Jolimoy, Dalila Kesraoui, Damien Jolly, Damien Thibaudin, Dan Teboulle, Daniel Daubresse, Daniel Louvet, Daniel Rasamimanantsoa, Daniel Toledano, Daniela Babici, Daniela David, Daniela Dincu, Danielle Bruno, Delia May, Delphine Haussaire, Delphine Henriet Viprey, Denis Bugnon, Denis Fouque, Denis Morin, Derradji Nour, Diab Mohamed Mahmoud, Diana Istrati Cristescu, Didier Aguilera, Didier Coste, Didier Hamel, Didier Le Chapois, Didier Testou, Dilaver Erbilgin, Djamal Dahmane, Doan Bui Quang, Dominique Bertrand, Dominique Besnier, Dominique Blanchier, Dominique Briffa, Dominique Caux, Dominique Durand, Dominique Fleury, Dominique Guerrot, Dominique Hestin, Dominique Jaubert, Dominique Joly, Dominique Lombart, Dominique Pagniez, Dominique Pierre, Dominique Schohn, Donatien Ikonga, Dorina Visanica, Dorothee Bazin, Edouard Boury, Edouard Maksour, Ekoue Agbonon, Elarbi Harrami, Elena Marcu, Elena Tudorache, Elisabeth Caniot, Elisabeth Semjen, Elisabeth Tomkiewicz, Elise Scheidt, Elke Gaboriau, Elodie Lamouroux, Elsa Guiard, Elsa Martin Passos, Emerson Nsembani, Emilie Fache, Emilie Kalbacher, Emilie Pambrun, Emilie Pincon, Emma Allain Launay, Emmanuel Baron, Emmanuel Dupuis, Emmanuel Villar, Emmanuelle Charlin, Emmanuelle Hecquet, Emmanuelle Kohler, Emmanuelle Rosier, Enrique Figueroa, Eric Azoulay, Eric Canivet, Eric Daugas, Eric Gauthier, Eric Laruelle, Eric Le Guen, Eric Legrand, Eric Moumas, Eric Postec, Eric Prinz, Eric Renaudineau, Estelle Desport, Estelle Ricard Sutra, Etienne Berard, Etienne Ged, Etienne Robin, Eve Vilaine, Evelyne Bargas, Evelyne Mac Namara, François Combarnous, Fatima Yazbeck, Fabien Gerard, Fabien Metivier, Fabien Parazols, Fabien Soulis, Fabrice Garnier, Fadhila Pech Messaoudene, Fadi Haidar, Fanny Boullenger, Fanny Lepeytre, Fanny Leroy, Fares Frejate, Farid Bellahsene, Farid Bellhasene, Farid Saidani, Fatouma Toure, Faycal Kriaa, Fazia Nemmar, Fernando Vetromile, Florence Chalmin, Florence Lucats, Florence Sens, Florence Villemain, Florent Plasse, Fouad Lebhour, Francis Schillinger, Franck Berge, Franck Bourdon, Franck Bridoux, Franck Reynaud, Francois Babinet, Francois Basse, Francois Chantrel, Francois Clair, Francois Coulomb, Francois De Cornelissen, Francois Glowacki, Francois Marchal, Francois Maurice, Francois Nobili, Francois Pourreau, Francois Provot, Francois Roux Amani, Francoise Broux, Francoise Bulte, Francoise Heibel, Francoise Leonetti, Francoise Moussion Schott, Frank Le Roy, Frederic Besson, Frederic Lavainne, Frederic Tollis, Frederique Bocquentin, Frederique Meeus, Frederique Vecina, Friederike Von Ey, Gabriel Balit, Gabriel Choukroun, Gabriel Gruget, Gabriel Huchard, Gabriella Golea, Gabrielle Duneau, Gaelle Lefrancois, Gaelle Pelle, Gaetan Lebrun, Genevieve Dumont, Georges Brillet, Georges Deschenes, Georges Mourad, Georges Stamatakis, Geraldine Cazajous, Geraldine D'ythurbide, Geraldine Robitaille Wiart, Gerard Cardon, Gerard Champion, Gerard Deschodt, Gerard Mangenot, Gerard Motte, Gerard Schortgen, Ghada Boulahia, Ghassan Maakaroun, Ghylene Bourdat Michel, Gilbert Zanetta, Gilles Hufnagel, Gilles Messier, Giorgina Piccoli, Gregoire Couvrat Desvergnes, Guillaume Bobrie, Guillaume Bonnard, Guillaume Clement, Guillaume Jean, Guillaume Queffeulou, Guillaume Seret, Guillaume Vernin, Guy Delavaud, Guy Lambrey, Guy Rostoker, Gwenaelle Poussard, Gwenaelle Roussey Kesler, H. Leon, Habib Aboubekr, Hacene Boulechfar, Hacene Sekhri, Hadia Hebibi, Hadjira Benalia, Hafed Fessi, Hafsabhai Atchia, Haiat Bittar, Hakim Maiza, Hakim Mazouz, Hamid El Ali, Hammouche Bougrida, Hans Van Der Pijl, Hassan Lokmane, Hassane Izzedine, Hassen Adda, Helene De Preneuf, Helene Leray, Helene Philippot, Henri Boulanger, Henri Merault, Henri Renaud, Herve Bonarek, Herve Maheut, Hilaire Nzeyimana, Hocine Mehama, Hocine Zaidi, Hugo Weclawiak, Hugues Flodrops, Huseyin Karaaslan, Ibrahim Haskour, Ihssen Belhadj, Imad Almoubarak, Imad Haddad, Ines Castellano, Ines Ferrandiz, Ioana Daniliuc, Ioana Darie, Ioana Enache, Ionut Prunescu, Irenee Djiconkpode, Irina Shahapuni, Isabelle Bouchoule, Isabelle Devriendt, Isabelle Kazes, Isabelle Kolb, Isabelle Landru, Isabelle Poli, Isabelle Rey, Isabelle Segalen, Isabelle Selcer, Isabelle Vernier, Isabelle Vrillon, Ismahane Guenifi, J. Dominique Gheerbrandt, Jacky Potier, Jacques Becart, Jacques Cledes, Jacques Ducros, Jacques Duvic, Jacques Fourcade, Jacques Gaultier, Jacques Jurine, Jacques Lebleu, Jacques Ollier, Jacques Ibsen Charles, Jamal Yazji, Janette Mansour, Jean Arnautou, Jean Brocard, Jean Carolfi, Jean Montoriol, Jean Baptiste Gouin, Jean Bernard Palcoux, Jean Christophe Bendini, Jean Claude Aldigier, Jean Claude Alphonse, Jean Daniel Delbet, Jean Francois Bonne, Jean Francois Cantin, Jean Francois De Fremont, Jean Francois Dessassis, Jean Francois Subra, Jean Francois Valentin, Jean Francois Verdier, Jean Jacques Dion, Jean Jacques Haultier, Jean Jacques Montseny, Jean Louis Bacri, Jean Louis Bouchet, Jean Luc Mahe, Jean Marc Chalopin, Jean Marc Gabriel, Jean Marc Hurot, Jean Marc Lanau, Jean Marie Batho, Jean Marie Coulibaly, Jean Michel Hardin, Jean Michel Marc, Jean Michel Poux, Jean Michel Rebibou, Jean Michel Tivollier, Jean Noel Ottavioli, Jean Paul Faucon, Jean Paul Imiela, Jean Paul Jaulin, Jean Paul Masselot, Jean Paul Ortiz, Jean Philippe Bourdenx, Jean Philippe Devaux, Jean Philippe Hammelin, Jean Pierre Rivory, Jean Pierre Wauquier, Jean Rene Larue, Jean Rene Mondain, Jean Sebastien Borde, Jean Simon Virot, Jean Yves Bosc, Jedjiga Achiche, Jennifer Parasote, Jeremie Diolez, Jerome Harambat, Jerome Potier, Jerome Sampol, Jihad Mustel, Jean Jacques Lefevre, Jocelyne Maurizi, Joel Gamberoni, Joelle Claudeon, Joelle Terzic, Joffrey Rogol, Johnny Sayegh, Jorge Cardozo, Jose Brasseur, Jose Guiserix, Joseph Barsumau, Julie Albaret, Julie Beaume, Julie Sohier Attias, Julien Dehay, Julien Hogan, Julien Journet, Julien Ott, Juliette Baleynaud, Justine Bacchetta, Justine Faucher, Kamel Yousfi, Karim Dardim, Karine Clabault, Karine Moreau, Kedna Thomas, Khaled Sirajedine, Khalil Chedid, Khalil El Kaeoui, Khalil El Karoui, Khedidja Bouachi, Kheira Hue, Khuzama El Nasser, Kodso Akposso, Kristian Kunz, Krzysztof Bijak, Lilia Kihal, L. Rasoloarijaona, Laid Harbouche, Larbi Bencheikh, Larbie Lamriben, Latifa Hanafi, Laura Braun Parvez, Laure Champion, Laure Croze, Laure Eprinchard, Laure Patrier, Laurence Nicolet, Laurence Vrigneaud, Laurent Duflot, Leandre Mackaya, Leila Chenine, Leon Odry, Lili Taghipour Tamiji, Lilia Antri Bouzar, Liliane Ngango Nga Messi, Lionel Le Mouellic, Lise Mandart, Lise Weis, Lise Marie Pouteau, Lora Georgieva, Lorita Vitanova, Lotfi Chalabi, Luc Delvallez, Luc Fromentin, Luc Marty, Luc Monjot, Luciana Spataru, Lucie Bessenay, Lucie Boissinot, Lucie Wajsbrot, Lucien Rakoff, Ludivine Lebourg, Lydie Perez, Lyliane Lafage, Lynda Azzouz, Madeleine Dumoulin, Messaoud Ouziala, Maan Joseph, Mabrouk Brahimi, Maeva Wong Fat, Magalie Fort, Magued Nakhla, Mahdi Abtahi, Mahen Albadawy, Mahmoud Alouach, Mahmoud Mezghani, Maite Daroux, Maklouf Boukelmoune, Malek Dhib, Malik Touam, Malina Dubau, Mamadou Balde, Man Nguyen Khoa, Manfred Ismer, Manolie Mehdi, Manon Laforet, Marc Bouiller, Marc Eugene, Marc Fila, Marc Hazzan, Marc Kribs, Marc Ladriere, Marc Lebot, Marc Padilla, Marc Souid, Marcel Marraoui, Maren Burbach, Maria Manescu, Maria Eugenia Noguera Gonzalez, Mariana Revenco, Marianne Terrasse, Marie Essi, Marie Alice Macher, Marie Beatrice Nogier, Marie Cecile Cazin, Marie Christine Schweitzer Camoin, Marie Christine Thouret, Marie Claude Hannaert, Marie France Servel, Marie Helene Chabannier, Marie Jeanne Coudert Krier, Marie Noelle Catoliquot, Marie Paule Guillodo, Marie Sophie Gavard, Marie Xaviere Vairon Codaccioni, Marina Rabec, Marine Freist, Marion Gauthier, Marion Lemaire, Marion Mehrenberger, Marion Venot, Marios Pongas, Marlene Beaubrun Diant, Martial Levannier, Martine Bertaux, Mathieu Jablonski, Mathieu Sacquepee, Mathilde Dargelos, Mathilde Lemoine, Mathilde Tamain, Matthieu Monge, Matthieu Reberolle, Maud Cousin, Maud Francois, Maurice Baron, Maxime Hoffmann, Maxime Ingwiller, Maxime Touzot, Mederick Mohajer, Mehadji Maaz, Melanie Hanoy, Melanie Marroc, Melodie Cuny, Menno Van Der Straaten, Mf. Serveaux, Michel Basteri, Michel Fen Chong, Michel Hecht, Michel Massad, Michel Normand, Michel Olmer, Michel Tolani, Michel Tsimaratos, Michele Hemery, Michele Kessler, Miguel Esposito, Milad Shenouda, Mimi Kareche, Mina Khalili, Mirella Diaconita, Mohamad Khair Rifard, Mohamed Aladib, Mohamed Belmouaz, Mohamed Brahim, Mohamed Diouani, Mohamed Fodil Cherif, Mohamed Jamali, Mohamed Maghlaoua, Mohamed Meddeb, Mohamed Ramdane, Mohamed Rifaat, Mohamed Sharifull Islam, Mohamed Adnan Abbade, Mokhtar Amrandi, Mokhtar Chawki, Monica Ciobotaru, Monica Indrieis, Monique Chanas, Monique Hoarau, Monzer Tomeh, Moufida Bellou, Mouloud Bouzernidj, Mounia Ammor, Mounir Guergour, Mountassir Benzakour, Mourad Hachicha, Moussa Coulibaly, Mustafa Smati, Mustapha Al Morabiti, Mustapha Amirou, Myriam Isnard, Myriam Pastural, Myriam Pujo, Nourredine Boumendjel, Nabil Majbri, Nabila Goumri, Nadege Mingat, Nader Bassilios, Nadia Kerkeni, Nadia Sedrati, Nadia Soltani, Nadine Maroun, Nadine Neyrat, Nahn Luang, Najeh El Esper, Naji Ammar, Nasredine Ghali, Nasser Hamdini, Natacha Noel, Natacha Potelune, Nathalie Maisonneuve, Nathalie Pertuiset, Nathalie Raynal, Nathalie Vittoz, Nazim Terki, Nelly Castin, Nestor Nankeu, Nicolas Bouvier, Nicolas Keller, Nicolas Legros, Nicolas Peters, Nicolas Quirin, Nicole Lefrancois, Nicole Monnier, Nicole Rance, Niels Bruckmann, Noel Mertens, Nolwenn Lorcy, Olivia Gilbert, Olivier Coldefy, Olivier Drouineau, Olivier Dunand, Olivier Fritz, Olivier Imhoff, Olivier Kourilsky, Olivier Lavelle, Olivier Papin, Olivier Roques, Ophelie Le Maner, Oussamah Fikri Benbrahim, Pablo Antonio Erina Torres, Pablo Antonio Urena Torres, Paolo Malvezzi, Pascal Bindi, Pascal Cluzel, Pascal Fontanier, Pascal Wheatley, Pascale Depraetre, Pascale Dubosq, Pascale Halin, Pascale Sebahoun, Pascale Siohan, Pascale Testevuide, Patrice Deteix, Patrice Nolen, Patricia Hue, Patricia Lemarchand, Patrick Donnadieu, Patrick Fievet, Patrick Fohrer, Patrick Francais, Patrick Giraud, Patrick Hallonet, Patrick Henri, Patrick Michaut, Patrick Niaudet, Patrick Pauly, Patrick Thomas, Patrik Deleaval, Paul Finielz, Paul Stroumza, Paule Hardy Yverneau, Pauline Caillard, Pedro Palacin, Perrine Aubertin, Philippe Attias, Philippe Chauveau, Philippe Coindre, Philippe Coste, Philippe Dubot, Philippe Fournier, Philippe Hiernaux, Philippe Jousset, Philippe Lan Yue Wah, Philippe Lang, Philippe Le Cacheux, Philippe Martin Dupont, Philippe Michel, Philippe Mirgaine, Philippe Moriniere, Philippe Nicoud, Philippe Rieu, Philippe Rousseau, Philippe Sporer, Philippe Thorel, Philippe Vanhille, Philippe Vigeral, Philippe Zaoui, Pierre Bataille, Pierre Brignon, Pierre Filipozzi, Pierre Housset, Pierre Peyronnet, Pierre Ramperez, Pierre Vautrin, Pierre Alexandre Michel, Pierre Francois Westeel, Pierre Louis Carron, Pierre Yves Durand, Pierrot Parent, Piotr Seniuta, François Kuentz, Rabah Fraoui, Rachel Tetaz, Rachid Amaria, Rachid Bourouma, Rachid Djeffal, Rachida Nebbad, Radia Allal, Radu Dimulescu, Rafaat Boustani, Rafik Mesbah, Raifat Makdassi, Raji Diab, Raluca Puslenghea, Raoul Roura, Rateb Khayat, Raymond Azar, Raymond Frayssinet, Regine Monkam, Rehouni Boulahrouz, Remi Boudet, Renato Demontis, Renaud Gansey, Rene Cuvelier, Renee Schmitt, Reschad Noordally, Reynald Binaut, Rezkallah Latif, Richard Dufresne, Richard Montagnac, Richard Reade, Robert Genin, Robert Novo, Rocsana Fickl, Roger Dufresne, Roger Magnol, Roland Issautier, Romain Mortelette, Ronan Delaval, Ronan Lohro, Roseline M'barga, S. Beau, Clémentine Dupuis, Marie Jacques Vidil, Sabria Hacini, Said Dahmoune, Saliha Lekhal, Salima Ahriz Sakso, Salima Saksi, Salvatore Citarda, Samir Boubenider, Samuel Kassis, Sandra Verhille, Sandrine Genestier, Sandrine Muller, Saoussen Krid, Sarah Richter, Sebastien Delbes, Sebastien Mailliez, Sebastien Veillon, Sébastien Nony, Seddick Benarbia, Severine Beaudreuil, Sidi Ali Benyaghla, Simon Duquennoy, Simona Baluta, Simona Boncila, Sonia Mzoughi, Sonia Ribal, Sophie Acamer, Sophie Chauvet, Sophie Girerd, Sophie Ozenne, Sophie Parahy, Sophie Rubens Duval, Sophie Taque, Soraya Menouer, Soumaya Chargui, Stanislas Bataille, Stephane Barbier, Stephane Billion, Stephane Roueff, Stephane Torner, Stephane Jean Martin, Stephanie Coupel, Sylvie Cloarec, Sylvie Lavaud, Sylvie Leou, T. Chatelet, Tania Onesta, Tassadit Benhabib, Tayeb Bensalem, Theodora Dimulescu, Theophile Sawadogo, Thibault Dolley Hitze, Thierry Baranger, Thierry Boudemaghe, Thierry Hannedouche, Thierry Krummel, Thierry Milcent, Thomas Dervaux, Thomas Guincestre, Thomas Kofman, Thomas Raphael, Thomas Sadreux, Tim Ulinski, Tiphaine Guyon Roger, Tomas Serrato, Tomek Kofman, Tony Wong, Toufik Boubia, Ubald Assogba Gbindoun, Usama Khuzaie, Valerie Caudwell, Valerie Chatelet, Valerie Crougneau, Valerie De Precigout, Valerie Drouillat, Valerie Galantine, Valerie Granveau Hugot, Valerie Leroy, Veronique Boubia, Veronique Falque, Veronique Fournier, Veronique Queron, Veronique Viviani, Victor Gueuttin, Victor Panescu, Victorio Menoyo Calonge, Viet Nguyen, Vincent Allot, Vincent Delattre, Vincent Leduc, Vincent Pradier, Violaine Emal Aglae, Viorica Badulescu, Virginia Molina, Virginie Besson, Virginie Chaigne, Waddah Jaber, Wael Boudi, Wael El Haggan, Wen Qin Guillon, Wided Tabbi Aneni, William Hanf, Wladimir Kohn, Xavier Bellenfant, Xavier Moreau Gaudry, Yahsou Delmas, Yannick Knefati, Yannick Saingra, Yannick Tirolien, Youssef Mann, Yvan Brunak, Yves Dimitrov, Yves Doussy, Yves Tanter, Zaid Benabid, Zaara Soltani, Zacharia Boukerroucha, Zafer Takla, Zana Ramanantsialonina, Zara Dickson, Zead Tubail, Zoe Koochaki Pour, Zohra Boukhalfa, Zohra Jacquot, Agence de la biomédecine [Saint-Denis la Plaine], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), CALYDIAL Vienne, Partenaires INRAE, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hôpital Armand Trousseau [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de néphrologie et transplantation rénale [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Service d'Epidémiologie et Evaluations Cliniques [CHRU Nancy] (Pôle S2R), Centre Universitaire des Maladies Rénales [CHU Caen] (CUMR Caen), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace (GHRMSA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 (AIDMP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Service de diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Service de Diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, Hemodialysis, Home, Disease, MESH: COVID-19 / therapy, registry, Ambulatory Care Facilities, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Risk Factors, 80 and over, Prevalence, covid, dialysis, epidemiology, mortality, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19, Case-Control Studies, Critical Care, Female, France, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Patient Acuity, Protective Factors, Registries, Renal Dialysis, SARS-CoV-2, Sex Factors, Hypoalbuminemia, MESH: France / epidemiology, education.field_of_study, Incidence (epidemiology), 3. Good health, MESH: COVID-19 / epidemiology, Nephrology, Hemodialysis, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Lower risk, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Sex Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Renal Dialysis / statistics & numerical data, education, Dialysis, Vascular disease, business.industry, medicine.disease, Former Smoker, MESH: Critical Care / statistics & numerical data, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Home, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Hemodialysis, Home / statistics & numerical data
Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed., Graphical abstract

Published
2020
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13. In-Situ Electrical Characterization of Low Temperature Getter Thin Films Activation

Author

Thierry Sauvage, Alain Bosseboeuf, Clement Bessouet, Johan Moulin, Hélène Lecoq, Sylvain Lemettre, and Philippe Coste

Subjects
In situ, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Getter, Thin film, Characterization (materials science)
Abstract

Thanks to their reactivity to gases, getter materials are involved in vacuum packaging to compensate leaks and permeation through the package. After deposition, the material is passivated due to the contact with the air, and must be thermally activated to force the diffusion of the passivation layer inside the film. However, new MEMS technologies imply more fragile devices thus processes with a limited temperature. In this frame, we investigate getter materials presenting a low activation temperature, such as Zr-based alloys. Moreover, in most investigations of getter films, activation and sorption are characterized separately by room temperature surface analysis techniques in UHV and by sorption experiments under specific gases, respectively. In this work, we have studied the behavior of getter thin films in vacuum as a function of the temperature and the pressure to be as close as possible to the conditions of integration, i.e. wafer bonding. This consisted in following the sheet resistance measured by using the 4-probes technique and comparing electro-thermal properties (resistivity, Temperature Coefficient of Resistance TCR) to pre- and post- characterization (composition, structure). Thin films of Zr, V, Ti, Zr-Ti, Zr-V and Zr-Co with thicknesses of 300-400 nm have been deposited by co-evaporation in UHV. Their sheet resistance was measured as a function of the temperature under vacuum. The control of the pressure, from 10-6 to 10-3 mbar, allowed to activate the films in different conditions. For as-deposited films, results show that the resistivity and TCR are linked and follow the Mooij rule: the TCR decreases with the resistivity and becomes negative for resistivities higher than 150 µW.cm. The values globally depend on the composition, but separated groups are also linked to the disorder of the structure, from the lowest to the highest: pure metals, Zr-Ti, Zr-V then Zr-Co. In case of Zr-Ti, the grain size directly impacts the evolution of the coupled TCR and resistivity. The activation in vacuum involves simultaneous and continuous diffusion inside the films and sorption at the surface. The latter cannot be avoided, even at 10-6 mbar, and the resistivity increases with the square root of the time. However, differences of behavior as a function of the pressure can be linked to the gettering efficiency and the diffusion length of oxygen in the material, which depends on both the composition and the microstructure. Crystalline Zr-Ti films behave as Zr and Ti and the grain size directly impacts the diffusion, thus the quantity of oxygen sorbed in the film. The structure of Zr-V or Zr-Co is more complex, which can be either crystalline or amorphous depending on the composition. Large variations in the sheet resistance can be obtained and the high disorder of the structure allow them to sorb more gaseous species than Zr-Ti.

Published
2018
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14. Is atrial fibrillation in HFpEF a distinct phenotype? Insights from multiparametric MRI and circulating biomarkers

Author

Abhishek Dattani, Emer M. Brady, Prathap Kanagala, Svetlana Stoma, Kelly S. Parke, Anna-Marie Marsh, Anvesha Singh, Jayanth R. Arnold, Alastair J. Moss, Lei Zhao, Mary Ellen Cvijic, Matthew Fronheiser, Shuyan Du, Philippe Costet, Peter Schafer, Leon Carayannopoulos, Ching-Pin Chang, David Gordon, Francisco Ramirez-Valle, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Christopher P. Nelson, Iain B. Squire, Leong L. Ng, Gaurav S. Gulsin, and Gerry P. McCann

Subjects
Heart failure, Atrial fibrillation, Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, Biomarkers, Phenotype, Cluster analysis, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Abstract Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently co-exist. There is a limited understanding on whether this coexistence is associated with distinct alterations in myocardial remodelling and mechanics. We aimed to determine if patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represent a distinct phenotype. Methods In this secondary analysis of adults with HFpEF (NCT03050593), participants were comprehensively phenotyped with stress cardiac MRI, echocardiography and plasma fibroinflammatory biomarkers, and were followed for the composite endpoint (HF hospitalisation or death) at a median of 8.5 years. Those with AF were compared to sinus rhythm (SR) and unsupervised cluster analysis was performed to explore possible phenotypes. Results 136 subjects were included (SR = 75, AF = 61). The AF group was older (76 ± 8 vs. 70 ± 10 years) with less diabetes (36% vs. 61%) compared to the SR group and had higher left atrial (LA) volumes (61 ± 30 vs. 39 ± 15 mL/m2, p

Published
2024
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15. Fabrication of (U,Am)O2 pellet with controlled porosity from oxide microspheres

Author

Philippe Coste, Laure Ramond, Aurélie Gauthé, Sébastien Picart, Marc Bataillea, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, porosity, Fabrication, Materials science, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Oxide, Sintering, chemistry.chemical_element, Americium, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, americium, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fast-neutron reactor, law, 0103 physical sciences, Pellet, medicine, General Materials Science, Porosity, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, transmutation, microspheres, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Chemical engineering, WAR, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

International audience; U$_{1-x}$Am$_x$O$_{2\pm\sigma}$ mixed-oxides are considered as promising compounds for americium heterogeneous transmutation in Sodium Fast Neutron Reactor. Porous microstructure is envisaged in order to facilitate helium and fission gas release and to reduce pellet swelling during irradiation and under self-irradiation. In this study, the porosity is created by reducing (U,Am)$_3$O$_8$ microspheres into (U,Am)O$_2$ during the sintering. This reduction is accompanied by a decrease of the lattice volume that leads to the creation of open porosity. Finally, an (U0.90Am0.10)O2 porous ceramic pellet (D$\sim$89% of the theoretical density TD) with controlled porosity ($\geq$ to 8% open porosity) was obtained from mixed-oxide microspheres obtained by the Weak Acid Resin (WAR) process.

Published
2017
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16. Dense and homogeneous MOX fuel pellets manufactured using the freeze granulation route

Author

Florian La Lumia, Cécile Pagnoux, Guillaume Bernard-Granger, Florent Lebreton, Laure Ramond, Philippe Coste, Jean‐Robert Sevilla, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctionnalisation de Céramiques (LSFC), Saint Gobain-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IRCER - Axe 1 : procédés céramiques (IRCER-AXE1), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de recherche sur les procédés pour la mine et le recyclage du combustible (DMRC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Saint-Gobain-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Metallurgy, Pellets, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Granulation, Homogeneous, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, MOX fuel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
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17. Interference Microscopy Techniques for Microsystem Characterization

Author

Philippe Coste, Alain Bosseboeuf, and Sylvain Petitgrand

Subjects
010309 optics, Materials science, Microsystem, 0103 physical sciences, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Interference microscopy, Characterization (materials science)
Published
2019
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18. Effect of Environment on Activation and Sorption of Getter Alloys and Multilayers for Hybrid Wafer-level Vacuum Packaging

Author

Sylvain Lemettre, Clement Bessouet, Laetitia Vincent, Charles Renard, Johan Moulin, Ming Wu, Philippe Coste, Alain Bosseboeuf, Sana Hammami, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soochow University, and Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001))

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Metallurgy, Sorption, 02 engineering and technology, Vacuum packing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 13. Climate action, Getter, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Wafer, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019
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19. Large-Range MEMS Motion Detection With Subangström Noise Level Using an Integrated Piezoresistive Silicon Nanowire

Author

Pierre Etienne Allain, Arnaud Walther, S. Maaroufi, Fabien Parrain, Alain Bosseboeuf, and Philippe Coste

Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Capacitive sensing, Nanowire, Nanotechnology, Motion detection, Piezoresistive effect, Surface micromachining, Gauge factor, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Strain gauge
Abstract

Electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices integrating a surface micromachined silicon nanowire were batch processed to investigate motion detection with a nanowire piezoresistive gauge. In the proposed implementation, the nanogauge is indirectly coupled to the MEMS structure through an intermediate coupling spring. This design allows an arbitrary choice of MEMS motion detection range and a resolution improvement of in situ nanowire gauge factor measurements. Using this approach, it is demonstrated that an in-plane MEMS displacements up to 180 nm with a noise level down to 0.7 A/Hz1/2 can be achieved. MEMS resonance measurement in air and in vacuum by this method is also demonstrated. Results are compared with ex situ measurements of MEMS displacement by optical microscopy and by integrated capacitive detection.

Published
2013
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20. Impact of diabetes on remodelling, microvascular function and exercise capacity in aortic stenosis

Author

David Gordon, Kai Hogrefe, Thomas Yates, Anvesha Singh, Leong L Ng, Gerry P McCann, Lei Zhao, Emer M Brady, Hui Xue, John Greenwood, Peter Kellman, Gaurav S Gulsin, Christopher D Steadman, Dana Dawson, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Aseel Alfuhied, Saadia Aslam, Damian Kelly, J Ranjit Arnold, Jian L Yeo, Abhishek Dattani, Marko Banovic, Philippe Costet, Mary Ellen Cvijic, Christina Ebert, Laura Liu, Kushan Gunawardhana, and Ching-Pin Chang

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Objective To characterise cardiac remodelling, exercise capacity and fibroinflammatory biomarkers in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) with and without diabetes, and assess the impact of diabetes on outcomes.Methods Patients with moderate or severe AS with and without diabetes underwent echocardiography, stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiopulmonary exercise testing and plasma biomarker analysis. Primary endpoint for survival analysis was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, hospitalisation with heart failure, syncope or arrhythmia. Secondary endpoint was all-cause death.Results Diabetes (n=56) and non-diabetes groups (n=198) were well matched for age, sex, ethnicity, blood pressure and severity of AS. The diabetes group had higher body mass index, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher rates of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and symptoms of AS. Biventricular volumes and systolic function were similar, but the diabetes group had higher extracellular volume fraction (25.9%±3.1% vs 24.8%±2.4%, p=0.020), lower myocardial perfusion reserve (2.02±0.75 vs 2.34±0.68, p=0.046) and lower percentage predicted peak oxygen consumption (68%±21% vs 77%±17%, p=0.002) compared with the non-diabetes group. Higher levels of renin (log10renin: 3.27±0.59 vs 2.82±0.69 pg/mL, p

Published
2023
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21. Les microsystèmes électromécaniques optiques

Author

Hervé Bertin, Filippo Fabbri, Alain Bosseboeuf, Philippe Coste, Wei Xu, and Fabien Parrain

Abstract

Depuis le debut des annees 80, naissance des premiers systemes miniaturises associant des microsystemes electromecaniques (MEMS) en technologie silicium et de l’optique, les fonctions optiques realisees, les technologies de fabrication et d’integration employees et les applications potentielles des microsystemes electromecaniques optiques (MEMS optiques) et des microsystemes optoelectromecaniques (MOEMS) se sont tres largement etendues et diversifiees. Des contributions a ces evolutions sont illustrees ici par quelques exemples de projets en cours dans notre laboratoire.

Published
2012
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22. Modeling and Characterization of MicroPirani Vacuum Gauges Manufactured by a Low-Temperature Film Transfer Process

Author

Guillaume Schelcher, Elisabeth Dufour-Gergam, Sebastien Brault, Elie Lefeuvre, Filippo Fabbri, Fabien Parrain, and Philippe Coste

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Adhesive bonding, Wafer bonding, Mechanical Engineering, Nanotechnology, Pressure sensor, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Benzocyclobutene, Wafer, Vacuum chamber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Microfabrication
Abstract

The novelty of this paper is the proof of functional microdevice fabrication using a recently developed low-temperature transfer process. The process is based on adhesion control of molded Ni microstructures on a donor wafer by using plasma-deposited fluorocarbon films. Low-temperature adhesive bonding of the microstructures on the target wafer using benzocyclobutene sealing enables mechanical tearing off from the donor wafer. Interest of this process for manufacturing microsensors is demonstrated here in the case of microbeams used as pressure sensors based on the Pirani principle. A simple analytical model is used to estimate the electrothermal behavior of the suspended microwires as a function of the ambient gas pressure. Estimations are compared to experimental measurements performed on Ni electroplated microwires of 550-1200-μm length, 10-μm width, and 0.7-7- μm thickness characterized into a vacuum chamber. These microsensors present a maximum of sensitivity in the range of 0.1-100 mbar, which is in line with standard performances of Pirani gauges. The presented results thus demonstrate the interest of a simple film transfer process for the elaboration of 3-D functional microstructures.

Published
2011
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23. In-Situ Electrical Characterization of Low Temperature Getter Thin Films Activation

Author

Sylvain Lemettre, Clément Bessouet, Philippe Coste, Alain Bosseboeuf, and Johan Moulin

Abstract

Thanks to their reactivity to gases, getter materials are involved in vacuum packaging to compensate leaks and permeation through the package. After deposition, the material is passivated due to the contact with the air, and must be thermally activated to force the diffusion of the passivation layer inside the film. However, new MEMS technologies imply more fragile devices thus processes with a limited temperature. In this frame, we investigate getter materials presenting a low activation temperature, such as Zr-based alloys. Moreover, in most investigations of getter films, activation and sorption are characterized separately by room temperature surface analysis techniques in UHV and by sorption experiments under specific gases, respectively. In this work, we have studied the behavior of getter thin films in vacuum as a function of the temperature and the pressure to be as close as possible to the conditions of integration, i.e. wafer bonding. This consisted in following the sheet resistance measured by using the 4-probes technique and comparing electro-thermal properties (resistivity, Temperature Coefficient of Resistance TCR) to pre- and post- characterization (composition, structure). Thin films of Zr, V, Ti, Zr-Ti, Zr-V and Zr-Co with thicknesses of 300-400 nm have been deposited by co-evaporation in UHV. Their sheet resistance was measured as a function of the temperature under vacuum. The control of the pressure, from 10-6 to 10-3 mbar, allowed to activate the films in different conditions. For as-deposited films, results show that the resistivity and TCR are linked and follow the Mooij rule: the TCR decreases with the resistivity and becomes negative for resistivities higher than 150 µW.cm. The values globally depend on the composition, but separated groups are also linked to the disorder of the structure, from the lowest to the highest: pure metals, Zr-Ti, Zr-V then Zr-Co. In case of Zr-Ti, the grain size directly impacts the evolution of the coupled TCR and resistivity. The activation in vacuum involves simultaneous and continuous diffusion inside the films and sorption at the surface. The latter cannot be avoided, even at 10-6 mbar, and the resistivity increases with the square root of the time. However, differences of behavior as a function of the pressure can be linked to the gettering efficiency and the diffusion length of oxygen in the material, which depends on both the composition and the microstructure. Crystalline Zr-Ti films behave as Zr and Ti and the grain size directly impacts the diffusion, thus the quantity of oxygen sorbed in the film. The structure of Zr-V or Zr-Co is more complex, which can be either crystalline or amorphous depending on the composition. Large variations in the sheet resistance can be obtained and the high disorder of the structure allow them to sorb more gaseous species than Zr-Ti.

Published
2018
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24. Osez créer votre entreprise

Author

Philippe Coste and Philippe Coste

Abstract

Savez-vous qu'une idée d'entreprise sur deux ne voit jamais le jour? Même si l'idée est prometteuse, même si le projet paraît solide, le créateur lui-même a souvent du mal à l'expliquer, à séduire ses interlocuteurs, à transmettre son enthousiasme, à donner envie de le suivre. A l'aide de ce livre, vous pourrez : définir votre profil de créateur ; faire le point sur vos motivations pour créer votre entreprise ; vous affirmer ; gérer les moments difficiles. Bref, mieux vous connaître en tant qu'entrepreneur! Mais aussi : savoir parler de vous et de votre projet en toute circonstance ; être compris de tout le monde ; structurer, clarifier et habiter votre discours ; éviter les pièges et les erreurs les plus fréquents. En un mot : maîtriser votre communication personnelle.

Published
2011

25. A versatile optical system for metrology and defects inspection of 3D integration processes

Author

D. Le Bellego, Y. Randle, Philippe Coste, G. Fresquet, Sylvain Petitgrand, Alain Bosseboeuf, and S. Perrot

Subjects
Materials science, Wafer-scale integration, business.industry, Wafer bonding, System of measurement, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Die (integrated circuit), Metrology, Interferometry, Optics, Microscopy, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business
Abstract

3D Integration of miniaturized systems at wafer level generates new needs of metrology and defects inspection for the control of temporary or permanent wafer bonding, of wafer thinning, of via interconnects technology and of wafer/die stacks. In this paper we demonstrate the capabilities of a versatile optical measurement system combining several microscopy and interferometry techniques in the visible and near infrared wavelength range.

Published
2012
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26. Large range MEMS motion detection using integrated piezo-resistive silicon nanowire

Author

Fabien Parrain, Arnaud Walther, Alain Bosseboeuf, S. Maaroufi, Pierre Etienne Allain, and Philippe Coste

Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Capacitive sensing, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Piezoresistive effect, Surface micromachining, chemistry, Gauge factor, Optoelectronics, Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems, business
Abstract

Electrostatically actuated MEMS devices integrating surface micromachined silicon piezoresistive nanowires were batch processed to investigate a silicon nanowire detection scheme allowing an arbitrary choice of MEMS motion detection range and an increase of nanowire gauge factor measurement stress resolution. It is demonstrated that an in-plane MEMS displacements up to 180 nm with a resolution down to a few Angstroms can be achieved as well as a MEMS resonance detection. Results are compared with ex-situ MEMS optical microscopy and in-situ capacitive measurements of MEMS displacement.

Published
2012
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27. In-plane vibration measurement of microdevices by the knife-edge technique in reflection mode

Author

Cedric Breluzeau, Xavier Le Roux, J.-P. Gilles, S. Megherbi, Fabien Parrain, Philippe Coste, and Alain Bosseboeuf

Subjects
Vibration, Resonator, Optics, business.industry, Chemistry, Reflection (physics), Calibration, Resonance, Substrate (electronics), Sensitivity (control systems), Edge (geometry), business
Abstract

The knife-edge technique in reflection mode is an alternative method for the characterization of in-plane motion and vibrations of microdevices. In this paper, we investigate this technique for sinusoidal vibration measurements of microresonators. First, we examine theoretically the effect of light reflection on the non moving substrate. It is shown that it has a significant effect on the sensitivity of the knife-edge technique to in-plane vibrations and that it introduces a slight sensitivity to out-of-plane vibrations. Then we demonstrate in-plane resonance measurements with a resolution in the nanometer range in the unfavourable case of a polysilicon resonator on a polysilicon coated substrate. Finally advantages, limitations and calibration issues of this technique are discussed.

Published
2006
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28. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a Cucumis melo LC. extract rich in superoxide dismutase activity

Author

Caroline Kamaté, Dominique Mazier, Dominique Lacan, Marc Conti, Ioannis Vouldoukis, Philippe Coste, Alphonse Calenda, and Bernard Dugas

Subjects
Antioxidant, Free Radicals, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidants, Gliadin, Proinflammatory cytokine, Nitric oxide, Superoxide dismutase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Cucumis melo, Drug Discovery, medicine, Animals, Protein Precursors, Cells, Cultured, Pharmacology, biology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Chemistry, Superoxide, Plant Extracts, Superoxide Dismutase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-10, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Macrophages, Peritoneal, Peroxynitrite
Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo LC., Cucurbitaceae) extract (CME) selected for its high superoxide dismutase activity. Peritoneal macrophages were pre-activated in vitro with 300 IU of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and were then challenged in culture with IgGl/anti-IgG1 immune complexes (IgG1IC) in presence of various CME extracts. The subsequent production of free radicals (superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite) and of pro-(TNF-alpha) and anti-(IL-10) inflammatory cytokines was evaluated. The CME inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the production of superoxide anion with a maximal effect at 100 microg/ml. This inhibitory effect of CME appeared to be closely linked to the SOD activity because it was dramatically decreased after heat inactivation of the SOD activity (HI-CME). In addition, the CME inhibited the production of peroxynitrite strengthening the antioxidant properties of this CME rich in SOD activity. The production of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, namely TNF-alpha and IL-10, being conditioned by the redox status of macrophages we also evaluated the effect of CME and HI-CME on the IgG1IC-induced cytokine production. When the SOD activity was present in the CME it promoted the IgG1IC-induced production of IL-10 instead of TNF-alpha. These data demonstrated that, in addition to its antioxidant properties, the anti-inflammatory properties of the CME extract were principally related to its capacity to induce the production of IL-10 by peritoneal macrophages. The particular properties of wheat gliadin (Triticum vulgare, Poaceae) for the oral delivery of functional proteins led us to test it in a new nutraceutical formula based on its combination with the CME thus monitoring the SOD activity release during the gastro-intestinal digestive process. In these experiments C57BL/6 mice were supplemented orally everyday during 28 days with: (1) the placebo, (2) the CME extract alone, (3) the gliadin, (4) the CME/gliadin combination, or (5) the HI-CME/gliadin combination (SOD inactivated). At the end of the supplementation period all the animals were injected intra-peritoneal (i.p.) with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma (300 IU) and peritoneal macrophages were harvested 24 h after to test their capacities to produce free radicals, TNF-alpha and IL-10 after triggering with IgG1IC. We demonstrated that animals supplemented during 28 days with the CME/gliadin combination were protected against the pro-inflammatory properties of IFN-gamma while the other products were inefficient. These data did not only indicate that the SOD activity is important for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the CME extract, but also demonstrated that when the SOD activity is preserved during the digestive process by its combination with wheat gliadin it is possible to elicit in vivo the pharmacological effects of this antioxidant enzyme.

Published
2004

29. Thermal and electromechanical characterization of top-down fabricated p-type silicon nanowires

Author

Philippe Coste, Alexis Poizat, Fabien Parrain, Nathalie Isac, Alain Bosseboeuf, Seiffedine Maaroufi, Xavier Le Roux, Pierre Etienne Allain, Serge Jacob, and Arnaud Walther

Subjects
Range (particle radiation), Materials science, Nanowire, Nanotechnology, Bending, Thermal conduction, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Die (integrated circuit), Characterization (materials science), Thermal conductivity, Thermal, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material
Abstract

In this paper we report thermal conductivity and piezoresistivity measurements of top-down fabricated highly boron doped (NA = 1.5 × 1019 cm−3) suspended Si nanowires. These measurements were performed in a cryogenic probe station respectively by using the 3 omega method and by in situ application of a longitudinal tensile stress to the nanowire under test with a direct four point bending of the Si nanowire die. Nanowires investigated have a thickness of 160 nm, a width in the 80–260 nm range and a length in the 2.5–5.2 μm range. We found that for these geometries, thermal conduction still obeys Fourier's law and that, as expected, the thermal conductivity is largely reduced when the nanowires width is shrunk, but, to a lower extent than published values for nanowires grown by vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) processes. While a large giant piezoresistance effect was evidenced by various authors when a static stress is applied, we only observed a limited nanowire size dependence of the piezoresistivity in our experiments where a dynamical mechanical loading is applied. This confirms that the giant piezoresistance effect in unbiased Si nanowires is not an intrinsic bulk effect but is dominated by surface related effects in agreement with the piezopinch effect model.

Published
2015
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30. Versatile microscopic profilometer-vibrometer for static and dynamic characterization of micromechanical devices

Author

Jean Pierre Puissant, Michel Dupeux, Jean Paul Gilles, Alain Chabrier, Alain Bosseboeuf, Kamran Danaie, Francoise Fort, Philippe Coste, and Reda Yahiaoui

Subjects
Interferometry, Surface micromachining, Materials science, Cantilever, Optics, business.industry, Normal mode, Optical engineering, Astronomical interferometer, Profilometer, business, Laser Doppler vibrometer
Abstract

In this paper microscopic interferometry is used for 2D and 3D profiling of micromechanical devices deformation and, is extended to allow vibration spectra measurements on a few microns wide microdevices. This is obtained by adding an apertured photomultiplier with suitable signal processing and subnanometric piezoelectric excitation. Resonant frequencies are detected both from vibrations-induced fringes contrast variations and by using a homemade wide bandwidth (10 MHz) double lock-in amplifier. This allows vibration measurements up to several MHz with a spatial resolution down to 1.25 micrometer and a detection limit of vibrations amplitudes in the 0.2 - 1 nm range. Furthermore the system allows a direct visualization of the whole vibration modes and can be applied for automated bulge testing of membranes. System operation for 3D profilometry, vibrometry and bulge testing is demonstrated on Cr cantilever microbeams and microbridges fabricated by surface micromachining and on membranes. Capabilities of the system for large vibration amplitudes measurements and its extension for on-wafer resonant frequencies measurements by using optical excitation are discussed.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
1999
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31. Former par les contes : Recueil de contes et mode d'emploi pour les formations

Author

Philippe Coste, Martine Bigeard, Philippe Coste, and Martine Bigeard

Subjects
Training, Storytelling in education, Storytelling
Abstract

Un livre prêt à l'emploi pour les formateurs qui veulent enrichir leurs stages avec des contes Parmi les nombreux outils de formation, le conte est une ressource riche et puissante. Depuis les légendes antiques jusqu'au storytelling, en passant par les mythes platoniciens et les paraboles bibliques, raconter des histoires a toujours été utilisé par ceux qui enseignent. Ce guide pratique montre comment utiliser le conte en formation : pour quel usage, comment le raconter, comment l'exploiter, les'trucs'pour réussir sa narration, etc. Avec chacun des contes proposés, il offre des fiches pratiques pour une utilisation optimale. Tous les conseils pratiques pour utiliser les contes à bon escient et en tirer le meilleur parti pédagogique Des techniques simples, notamment issues du théâtre, pour apprendre à bien raconter Avec 26 contes inédits portant sur des thématiques essentielles de formation (management, communication, développement personnel...)

Published
2008

32. Large area and broadband semi-reflective Bragg mirror membrane manufactured by PECVD

Author

N Roux, Alain Bosseboeuf, H Bertin, M Péalat, and Philippe Coste

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Chemical vapor deposition, Distributed Bragg reflector, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surface micromachining, Membrane, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Electronic engineering, Deep reactive-ion etching, Optoelectronics, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

Non-absorbing beam splitters integrated on silicon are desirable for various micro-opto electro mechanical systems (MOEMS) devices. In this paper, we demonstrate the manufacturing with a 100% yield of dielectric membranes having a diameter up to 5.9 mm and an approximately 50% reflectivity in the 570–900 nm wavelength range. The membranes are made from a stack of up to 12 alternating SiNx and SiO2 plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) films deposited and annealed on silicon. Backside micromachining of the silicon wafer by deep reactive ion etching followed by XeF2 etching is used to release the membranes. Annealing effects on stress variation and hydrogen bonding in PECVD single films and multilayers were investigated in detail to get a multilayer stack with controlled tensile stress. Optical measurements of the reflectivity, flatness and vibrations of these membranes show that they are suitable for use in MOEMS devices working in the visible-near infrared range.

Published
2013
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33. The pattern of glomerular disease in New Caledonia: preliminary findings

Author

Francois Ledoux, Erica Ahn, Philippe Bouvier, Philippe Coste, Jean Friend, Dorothy M. Painter, David Clouston, Jean-Michel Tivollier, Jean-Paul Masselot, and Paul Kirwan

Subjects
Systemic disease, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Amyloidosis, Lupus nephritis, Glomerulonephritis, medicine.disease, Polynesia, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Nephropathy, Europe, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, New Caledonia, Vietnam, Glomerulopathy, Indonesia, medicine, Etiology, Humans, Melanesia, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Summary Two hundred and two renal biopsies from 181 patients in New Caledonia were classified into either primary glomerulonephritis or gtomerulopathy associated with systemic disease. These were then compared with 670 similar biopsies from 634 inpatients at Sydney’s Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH). The most prevalent primary glomerular disease among the New Caledonian cases was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, compared with IgA disease among the RPAH cases. Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, post-infectious glomeru-Ionephdtis and minimal lesion nephropathy were all relatively commoner among the New Caledonian biopsies, but the num- bers were small. The most prevalent systemic glomerulopathy in the New Caledonian cases was amyloidosis. This was the least common among our RPAH group. Diabetes mellitus and lupus nephritis were also slightly more common in the New Caledonian group. Focal necrotizing/crescentic glomeru-Ionephritis was unusual in the New Caledonian samples, while it was the most common systemic glomerulopathy among the RPAH group.

Published
1996

34. Molecular Profiling Reveals a Common Metabolic Signature of Tissue Fibrosis

Author

Ji Zhang, Eric S. Muise, Seongah Han, Peter S. Kutchukian, Philippe Costet, Yonghua Zhu, Yanqing Kan, Haihong Zhou, Vinit Shah, Yongcheng Huang, Ashmita Saigal, Taro E. Akiyama, Xiao-Lan Shen, Tian-Quan Cai, Kashmira Shah, Ester Carballo-Jane, Emanuel Zycband, Lan Yi, Ye Tian, Ying Chen, Jason Imbriglio, Elizabeth Smith, Kristine Devito, James Conway, Li-Jun Ma, Maarten Hoek, Iyassu K. Sebhat, Andrea M. Peier, Saswata Talukdar, David G. McLaren, Stephen F. Previs, Kristian K. Jensen, and Shirly Pinto

Subjects
fibrosis, metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, TGF-β, PGC1α, MK-8722, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Fibrosis, or the accumulation of extracellular matrix, is a common feature of many chronic diseases. To interrogate core molecular pathways underlying fibrosis, we cross-examine human primary cells from various tissues treated with TGF-β, as well as kidney and liver fibrosis models. Transcriptome analyses reveal that genes involved in fatty acid oxidation are significantly perturbed. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and acylcarnitine accumulation are found in fibrotic tissues. Substantial downregulation of the PGC1α gene is evident in both in vitro and in vivo fibrosis models, suggesting a common node of metabolic signature for tissue fibrosis. In order to identify suppressors of fibrosis, we carry out a compound library phenotypic screen and identify AMPK and PPAR as highly enriched targets. We further show that pharmacological treatment of MK-8722 (AMPK activator) and MK-4074 (ACC inhibitor) reduce fibrosis in vivo. Altogether, our work demonstrate that metabolic defect is integral to TGF-β signaling and fibrosis.

Published
2020
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35. Wild-type PCSK9 inhibits LDL clearance but does not affect apoB-containing lipoprotein production in mouse and cultured cells

Author

Florent Lalanne, Gilles Lambert, Marcelo J.A. Amar, Maud Chétiveaux, Yassine Zaïr, Anne-Laure Jarnoux, Khadija Ouguerram, José Friburg, Nabil G. Seidah, H. Bryan Brewer, Jr., Michel Krempf, and Philippe Costet

Subjects
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9, low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Mutations in Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) have been associated with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. In vivo kinetic studies indicate that LDL catabolism was impaired and apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoprotein synthesis was enhanced in two patients presenting with the S127R mutation on PCSK9. To understand the physiological role of PCSK9, we overexpressed human PCSK9 in mouse and cellular models as well as attenuated the endogenous expression of PCSK9 in HuH7 hepatoma cells using RNA interference. Here, we show that PCSK9 dramatically impairs the expression of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and, in turn, LDL cellular binding as well as LDL clearance from the plasma compartment in C57BL6/J mice but not in LDLr-deficient mice, establishing a definitive role for PCSK9 in the modulation of the LDLr metabolic pathway. In contrast to data obtained in S127R-PCSK9 patients presenting with increased apoB production, our study indicates that wild-type PCSK9 does not significantly alter the production and/or secretion of VLDL apoB in either cultured cells or mice.Finally, we show that unlike PCSK9 overexpression in mice, the S127R mutation in patients led to increased VLDL apoB levels, suggesting a potential gain of function for S127R-PCSK9 in humans.

Published
2005
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36. In vivo involvement of cytochrome P450 4A family in the oxidative metabolism of the lipid peroxidation product trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, using PPARα-deficient mice

Author

Françoise Guéraud, Jacques Alary, Philippe Costet, Laurent Debrauwer, Laurence Dolo, Thierry Pineau, and Alain Paris

Subjects
4-HNE, PPARα, knockout mice, CYP 4A, ω-hydroxylation, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a potent cytotoxic and genotoxic compound originating from the peroxidation of n–6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Its metabolism has been previously studied in the rat (Alary et al. 1995. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 8: 35–39). In addition to major urinary mercapturic derivatives, some polar urinary metabolites were isolated and could correspond to hydroxylated compounds. 4-Hydroxynonenoic acid (HNA), resulting from the oxidation of the HNE carbonyl group, is a medium chain fatty acid and its ω-hydroxylation might be hypothesized. Therefore, the involvement of the CYP 4A family isoenzymes in the metabolism of [3H]HNE has been investigated in vivo using inducer treatments (fibrates) in wild-type or in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-deficient mice. In wild-type mice, but not in PPARα (−/−) mice, fibrate treatments resulted in an increase of two urinary metabolites characterized, after HPLC purifications and mass spectrometry analyses, as the ω-hydroxylated metabolite of HNA, i.e., 4,9-dihydroxy-2-nonenoic acid, and its oxidized form, 4-hydroxy-2-nonene-1,9-dicarboxylic acid. The formation of the latter is correlated accurately to laurate hydroxylase activity studied concurrently in microsomes prepared from the liver of these animals. Basal levels of these two metabolites were measured in urine of normal and PPARα-deficient mice. These results are in accord with an implication of the P450 4A family in the extended oxidative metabolism of 4-HNE.—Guéraud, F., J. Alary, P. Costet, L. Debrauwer, L. Dolo, T. Pineau, and A. Paris. In vivo involvement of cytochrome P450 4A family in the oxidative metabolism of the lipid peroxidation product trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, using PPARα-deficient mice. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 152–159.

Published
1999
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