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1. Pilot Projects in Water Management

Author

Heleen Vreugdenhil, Jill Slinger, Wil Thissen, and Philippe Ker Rault

Subjects
Multi-Actor Context, Pilot Project Nonagon, Pilot Project Characteristics, Pilot Projects, Pilot Project Uses, Policy Development, Water Management, WINN, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Pilot projects appear in many forms in policy making and management. In an effort to understand the nature and use of pilot projects and improve their effectiveness, we undertake a practice-based and theoretical study of the pilot project phenomenon. First, we examine the roles assigned to pilot projects in the policy development literature and explore their use in a Dutch water innovation platform. Second, we determine characteristics of pilot projects to deepen insights into the nature of the pilot project phenomenon and the dimensions useful in the design of pilot projects. Third, we identify three pilot types and nine ways to use a pilot project and we develop a Pilot Project Nonagon that can be used to assess pilot projects' uses and to compare stakeholders' perspectives on these uses. Fourth, we identify hurdles to diffusion of the knowledge developed from pilot projects and suggest strategies to overcome these. Lastly, we formulate a research agenda aimed at addressing the identified knowledge gaps.

Published
2010
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2. Transdisciplinary innovation in irrigated smallholder agriculture in africa

Author

Serge Marlet, Salia Hanafi, Philippe Ker Rault, Tarek Ajmi, Bandiougou Diawara, Yacouba M. Coulibaly, Jochen Froebrich, Elijah Phiri, Aleksandra Dolinska, Nathaniel Mason, Cai Xueliang, Benson H. Chishala, Christy van Beek, Beatrice Mosello, Insaf Mekki, Joris de Vente, Mohammed Dicko, Constansia D Musvoto, Sebastião Famba, Willem de Clercq, Eva Ludi, Nebo Jovanovic, Naomi Oates, Maite Sánchez Reparaz, Andrei Rozanov, Solomon Habtu, Sami Bouarfa, Chizumba Shepande, Angel De Miguel Garcia, Bréhima Tangara, Teklu Erkossa, Abdelaziz Zairi, Kees van't Klooster, Maria Roble, Sékou Bah, Hanneke Heesmans, Dominique Rollin, Haithem Bahri, Julia Harper, Jean Emmanuel Rougier, Ludivine Pradeleix, Rami Albasha, Bruno Cheviron, Marlene de Witt, Jean Claude Mailhol, Gonzalo G. Barberá, Degol Fissahaye, Alice M. Mweetwa, Erik Querner, Raphaëlle Ducrot, Jean-Yves Jamin, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Overseas Development Institute, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Pretoria] (CSIR), Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Centro de Edafologia y Biologia aplicada del Segura (CEBAS - CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Zambia [Lusaka] (UNZA), Stellenbosch University, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), INSTITUT D'ECONOMIE RURALE BAMAKO MLI, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Lisode, Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), German International Cooperation, NUNIVERSIDADE EDUARDO MONDLANE MAPUTO MOZ, Mekelle University, Adelphi, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Technical University of Cartagena (UPTC), IER Niono, Mali, Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali - CRRA Niono (IER - Niono), IER-IER, Cebas-Csic, International Water Management Institute [CGIAR, Sri Lanka] (IWMI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Columbia University [New York], Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena / Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT), National funding organizations, especially in Ethiopia, Mozambique, South Africa, Mali and Tunisia, to co-finance staff, infrastructure and activities., European Project: 265471,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-AFRICA-2010,EAU4FOOD(2011), and European Project: 688320,H2020,H2020-WATER-2015-two-stage,MADFORWATER(2016)

Subjects
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, 0208 environmental biotechnology, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Water en Voedsel, 02 engineering and technology, Commission, irrigation, recherche participative, Research process, Engineering, smallholder farming, F06 - Irrigation, Environmental planning, 2. Zero hunger, Food security, E90 - Structure agraire, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, transdisciplinary approach, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Water resource management, Drainage, agriculture familiale, Exploitation agricole familiale, Soil Science, Time frame, transdisciplinary approach, participatory innovation, smallholder farming, irrigation, approche transdisciplinaire, innovation participative, petites exploitations agricoles, irrigation, Recherche sur les systèmes agraires, 12. Responsible consumption, Farm level, Innovation, WIMEK, Water and Food, business.industry, 020801 environmental engineering, smallholder farming, irrigation, Climate Resilience, participatory innovation, Klimaatbestendigheid, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

SI; International audience; Boosting the productivity of smallholder farming systems continues to be a major need in Africa. Challenges relating to how to improve irrigation are multi‐factor and multisectoral, and they involve a broad range of actors who must interact to reach decisions collectively. We provide a systematic reflection on findings from the research project EAU4Food, which adopted a transdisciplinary approach to irrigation for food security research in five case studies in Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, South Africa and Tunisia. The EAU4Food experiences emphasize that actual innovation at irrigated smallholder farm level remains limited without sufficient improvement of the enabling environment and taking note of the wider political economy environment. Most project partners felt at the end of the project that the transdisciplinary approach has indeed enriched the research process by providing different and multiple insights from actors outside the academic field. Local capacity to facilitate transdisciplinary research and engagement with practitioners was developed and could support the continuation and scaling up of the approach. Future projects may benefit from a longer time frame to allow for deeper exchange of lessons learned among different stakeholders and a dedicated effort to analyse possible improvements of the enabling environment from the beginning of the research process. © 2020 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage

Published
2020
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3. Integrated technological and management solutions for wastewater treatment and efficient agricultural reuse in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

Author

Atef Jaouani, Fawzi Karajeh, Wen-Tao Li, Marijn Mulder, Roula Khadra, Dario Frascari, Stathis Kyriacou, Khaoula Belguith, Redouane Choukr-Allah, Emmanuel Oertlé, Philippe Ker Rault, Giorgio Annen, Nicolas Kalogerakis, Sara Borin, Mohamed Abdel Motaleb, Catherine Gibert, Consuelo Varela Ortega, Bruno Molle, and Giulio Zanaroli

Subjects
0208 environmental biotechnology, Geography, Planning and Development, Water en Voedsel, Context (language use), Wastewater treatment, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Reuse, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Water scarcity, Water reuse, 11. Sustainability, Irrigation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Water and Food, business.industry, Integrated water resources management, General Medicine, North Africa, Water efficiency, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Water resources, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Integrated water management, Environmental science, Water treatment, business, Water resource management
Abstract

Mediterranean‐African countries (MACs) face a major water crisis. The annual renewable water resources are close to the 500 m3/capita threshold of absolute water scarcity, and water withdrawals exceed total renewable water resources by 30%. Such a low water availability curbs economic development in agriculture, which accounts for 86% of freshwater consumption. The analysis of the current situation of wastewater treatment, irrigation, and water management in MACs and of the research projects targeted to these countries indicates the need for 1) an enhanced capacity to analyze water stress, 2) the development of water management strategies capable of including wastewater reuse, and 3) development of locally adapted water treatment and irrigation technologies. This analysis shaped the MADFORWATER project (www.madforwater.eu), whose goal is to develop a set of integrated technological and management solutions to enhance wastewater treatment, wastewater reuse for irrigation, and water efficiency in agriculture in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. MADFORWATER develops and adapts technologies for the production of irrigation‐quality water from drainage canals and municipal, agro‐industrial, and industrial wastewaters and technologies for water efficiency and reuse in agriculture, initially validated at laboratory scale, to 3 hydrological basins in the selected MACs. Selected technologies will be further adapted and validated in 4 demonstration plants of integrated wastewater treatment and reuse. Integrated strategies for wastewater treatment and reuse targeted to the selected basins are developed, and guidelines for the development of integrated water management strategies in other basins of the 3 target MACs will be produced. The social and technical suitability of the developed technologies and nontechnological tools in relation to the local context is evaluated with the participation of MAC stakeholders and partners. Guidelines on economic instruments and policies for the effective implementation of the proposed water management solutions in the target MACs will be developed.

Published
2018
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4. Down scaling of climate change scenarii to river basin level : A transdisciplinary methodology applied to Evrotas river basin, Greece

Author

Ralf Ludwig, Stella Tsani, Ebun Akinsete, Jochen Froebrich, Verena Huber-Garcia, Kasper Kok, Philippe Ker Rault, Vicenç Acuña, Phoebe Koundouri, Eleni Kalogianni, J. Luttik, and Nikolaos Skoulikidis

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Ecosystem-services, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Ecosystem services, Environmental Chemistry, Water cycle, Climate-change, Waste Management and Disposal, Land-use, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Biosphere, PE&RC, Pollution, Natural resource, Water management, Bodemgeografie en Landschap, Soil Geography and Landscape, Environmental science, business, Transdisciplinary
Abstract

The Mediterranean region is anticipated to be (or, already is) one of the hot spots for climate change, where freshwater ecosystems are under threat from the effects of multiple stressors. Climate change is impacting natural resources and on the functioning of Ecosystem Services. The challenges about modelling climate change impact on water cycle in general and specifically on socio-economic dynamics of the society leads to an exponential amount of results that restrain interpretation and added value of forecasting at local level. One of the main challenges when dealing with climate change projections is the quantification of uncertainties. Modellers might have limited information or understanding from local river catchment management practices and from other disciplines with relevant insights on socio-economic and environmental complex relationship between biosphere and human based activities. Current General Circulation Models cannot fulfil the requirements of high spatial detail required for water management policy. This article reports an innovative transdisciplinary methodology to down scale Climate Change scenarii to river basin level with a special focus on the development of climate change narrative under SSP5-RCP8.5 combination called Myopic scenario and SSP1-RCP4.5 combination called Sustainable scenario. Local Stakeholder participative workshop in the Evrotas river basin provide perception of expected changes on water demand under to two developed scenario narratives.

Published
2019

5. Managing the effects of multiple stressors on aquatic ecosystems under water scarcity: the GLOBAQUA project

Author

Alícia Navarro-Ortega, Phoebe Koundouri, Antoni Ginebreda, Vicenç Acuña, Ralf Merz, Arturo Elosegi, Damià Barceló, Giorgio Cassiani, Peter Burek, Laia Sabater, Grigory Nikulin, Georg Teutsch, Momir Paunović, Federico Ferrari, Isabel Muñoz, Redouane Choukr-Allah, Nikolaos Skoulikidis, Philippe Ker Rault, Kasper Kok, Mira Petrovic, Peter Grathwohl, Adriaan Slob, Radmila Milačič, Nikolaos Voulvoulis, Ralf Ludwig, Sergi Sabater, Sylvain Dolédec, Colin Jones, Claudio Paniconi, Alberto Bellin, European Commission, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Department of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering [Trento], University of Trento [Trento], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, University Hassan II [Casablanca], Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Science and Technologie, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), AEIFORIA, Center for Applied Geosciences, (EKUT), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Research and Innovation Centre in Information, Communication and Knowledge Technologies, Athens University of Economics and Business (AUEB), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Department of Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, (LMU), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Imperial College of Science, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (IMPERIAL COLLEGE), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)-Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine-Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)-Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA, University Hassan II, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)

Subjects
Climate scenarios, Ecosystem functioning, Ecosystem services, Modelling, Improved management, River ecosystem, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water supply, Environmental stress, Information Society, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Klimatforskning, Models, 11. Sustainability, Climate change, Waste Management and Disposal, media_common, Infostructures, CLIMATE-CHANGE, FRESH-WATER, Environmental resource management, Pollution, SCENARIOS, 6. Clean water, Stream ecology, Chemistry, Strategy & Policy Analysis, Water quality, Freshwater ecology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Aigua -- Qualitat, Conservation of Natural Resources, MEDITERRANEAN RIVERS, Climate Research, Environmental Engineering, Ecosystem service, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate Change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Environment, SP2 - Strategy & Policy 2, Article, 12. Responsible consumption, Water scarcity, Scarcity, SYSTEMS, Water Supply, MANAGEMENT, QUALITY, Environmental Chemistry, media_common.cataloged_instance, European Union, European union, water quality ecosystem functioning ecosystem services modelling climate scenarios improved management climate-change fresh-water mediterranean rivers southern europe management scenarios quality systems, Multiple stressors, Biology, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecologia fluvial, Science & Technology, business.industry, Modeling, SOUTHERN EUROPE, 15. Life on land, Models, Theoretical, Water management, Ecologia d'aigua dolça, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Water scarcity is a serious environmental problem in many European regions, and will likely increase in the near future as a consequence of increased abstraction and climate change. Water scarcity exacerbates the effects of multiple stressors, and thus results in decreased water quality. It impacts river ecosystems, threatens the services they provide, and it will force managers and policy-makers to change their current practices. The EU-FP7 project GLOBAQUA aims at identifying the prevalence, interaction and linkages between stressors, and to assess their effects on the chemical and ecological status of freshwater ecosystems in order to improve water management practice and policies. GLOBAQUA assembles a multidisciplinary team of 21 European plus 2 non-European scientific institutions, as well as water authorities and river basin managers. The project includes experts in hydrology, chemistry, biology, geomorphology, modelling, socio-economics, governance science, knowledge brokerage, and policy advocacy. GLOBAQUA studies six river basins (Ebro, Adige, Sava, Evrotas, Anglian and Souss Massa) affected by water scarcity, and aims to answer the following questions: how does water scarcity interact with other existing stressors in the study river basins? How will these interactions change according to the different scenarios of future global change? Which will be the foreseeable consequences for river ecosystems? How will these in turn affect the services the ecosystems provide? How should management and policies be adapted to minimise the ecological, economic and societal consequences? These questions will be approached by combining data-mining, field- and laboratory-based research, and modelling. Here, we outline the general structure of the project and the activities to be conducted within the fourteen work-packages of GLOBAQUA., This work has been supported by the European Communities 7th Framework Programme Funding under Grant agreement no. 603629- ENV-2013-6.2.1-Globaqua and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups “2014 SGR 418 - Water and Soil Quality Unit” and 2014 SGR 291 - ICRA). Damià Barceló acknowledges support from the Visiting Professor Program of King Saud University. Special thanks are due to all partners of the GLOBAQUA consortium and the peer review panel for ensuring quality results and fruitful collaboration within the project.

Published
2018
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