Search

Philippipalpus Corpuz-Raros, 1978 Type species. Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of lanceolate to weakly palmate setae; c 2, d 2 and f 2 absent; setae e 2 in marginal position, aligned with c 3, d 3, e 3, and f 3; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma usually completely concealed by prodorsum; anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch, forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes each bearing setae v 2 (usually inserted beneath a fold); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l ��� present on tr III); femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua 1 - 1 -0-0 (d present on ge I���II); tibiae 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 (seta d absent ti III���IV); tarsi I���IV without tc������. Solenidia of male similar in thickness and length to those of female. Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) and Mesa et al. (2009) described the genus with setae d 2 present and e 2 absent; however we feel that d 2 is in fact absent and e 2 is present on the margin, as in most of the related tegopalpine genera (Beard et al. 2013). Species of Philippipalpus are morphologically similar to species in the genera Tegopalpus and Chaudhripalpus, as all three genera have dorsal setae c 2 absent and three pairs of ps setae present (ps 1���3). Philippipalpus can be separated from both these genera by the presence of dorsal setae e 2 (absent in both Tegopalpus and Chaudhripalpus). Species of Philippipalpus are separated here using subtle differences in ornamentation, striation and measurements, unlike the other genera of Tegopalpinae. We feel that because each new species of Philippipalpus presented here occupies a single host species, and no other species of flat mite in this subfamily inhabits more than one species of she-oak, it is evidence to support their separation at the species level. Nevertheless, we acknowledge further collecting from a greater geographical range is warranted to test the validity of these species. Philippipalpus is unusual in lacking both setae v ��� on all trochanters (l ��� present on tr III) and d on tibiae III���IV., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Corpuz-Raros, L. A. (1978) New Philippine Tetranychoidea (Acarina). Kalikasan, Philippines Journal of Biology, 7 (3), 211 - 230.","Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185.","Beard, J. J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G. R., Trice, M. D., Redford, A. J., Walters, T. W. & Mitter, C. (2013) Flat Mites of the World. Edition 2. Identification Technology Program, CPHST, PPQ, APHIS, USDA Fort Collins, Colorado. Available from: www. idtools. org / id / mites / flatmites / index. php (accessed 1 June 2013)"]}

Philippipalpus flumaquercus Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 98���102) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. River She-Oak Casuarina cunninghamiana (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Queensland, nr Biggenden, 3 km ENE Didcot, Didcot Creek, 25 �� 27 ��� 54 ������ S 151 �� 53 ��� 47 ������ E, 29 August 2004, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 6 females, 1 deutonymph, 1 protonymph, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���340. Distance between e 2 -e 2 115���125. Prodorsal shield laterally with coarse folded sculpturing, medially with coarse reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) strongly papillate-striate. Opisthosomal shield with somewhat distinct paired mesonotal shields and pygidial shield; mesonotal region distinctly separated into 2 shields by smooth cuticle with a few coarse irregular longitudinal folds mesally; mesonotal and pygidial regions separated by smooth region with irregular transverse folds between d 1 -e 1. Lateral cuticle with> 80 strong papillae. Cuticle between 3 a- 4 a entirely transverse to wavy. Vesicle of spermatheca round, 1.5 x 1.5, without grainy appearance. FEMALE (n = 7). Dorsum. (Fig. 98 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���340 [330], sc 2 - sc 2 105���115 [110]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 24���33 [33], sc 1 -sc 1 83���90 [89], c 1 -c 1 27���32 [32], c 3 -c 3 140���145 [145], d 1 -d 1 15���20 [18], d 2 -d 2 130���135 [129], d 3 -d 3 115���125 [120], e 1 - e 1 13���19 [18], e 3 -e 3 100���115 [105], f 3 -f 3 79���90 [84], h 1 -h 1 21���30 [26], h 2 -h 2 49���65 [56]. Gnathosoma concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch (internal depth 21���26 [25]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing v 2 (inserted ventrally). Prodorsal shield laterally with coarse folded sculpturing, medially with coarse reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Opisthosomal shield with somewhat distinct paired mesonotal shields and pygidial shield; mesonotal region distinctly separated into 2 shields by smooth cuticle with few coarse irregular longitudinal folds mesally; mesonotal and pygidial regions separated by smooth region with irregular transverse folds between d 1 -e 1. Surrounding cuticle almost completely papillate, papillae irregular. All dorsal shield setae short, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, thick, triangular in cross-section; medial setae only slightly broader than lateral setae. Setal lengths: v 2 15���20 [20], sc 1 14���17 [15], sc 2 18���20 [20], c 1 17���21 [21], c 3 17���19 [19], d 1 13���17 [14], d 2 16���20 [18], d 3 16���18 [17], e 1 10 ���12 [11], e 3 16 ���18 [18], f 3 14���20 [18], h 1 11���14 [12], h 2 15���18 [17]. Palps. (Fig. 98 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 6 [6] long, ventral 8���9 [8] long; tarsal eupathidia 4 [5], 5���6 [6] long; solenidion 5���6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 99 a) Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse line along posterior margin of genital shield; setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35 ��� 55 [35], 1 b 13���19 [14], 2 b 15���23 [18], 2 c 18���20 [20], 3a 35 ��� 50 [50], 3 b 11���12 [12], 4a 31 ��� 40 [31], 4 b 14���19 [15], ag 1 10���14 [10], g 1 17���23 [19], g 2 16���20 [16], ps 1 14��� 15 [15], ps 2 12���18 [18], ps 3 7���10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 99 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, ca. 100���115 [110] long. Spermatheca vesicle small, rounded to bean-shaped (1.5 x 1.5), without accessory structures, without granular appearance. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 100) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (10���11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [6���7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���II with d, ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without v ���; tibiae III��� IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. (Fig. 101) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 285, sc 2 -sc 2 92; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 24, sc 1 -sc 1 76, c 1 not expressed on left hand side, c 3 -c 3 121, d 1 -d 1 17, d 2 -d 2 105, d 3 -d 3 93, e 1 - e 1 15, e 3 - e 3 86, f 3 -f 3 66, h 1 -h 1 21, h 2 -h 2 43. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially; with small lobe between setae v 2 beneath margin of shield. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with weak wrinkled sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern. Opisthosomal shield appears absent, cuticle mostly folded transversely, becoming oblique-longitudinal posteriorly. Pore visible laterad c 1. All dorsal shield setae short, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, thick, triangular in cross-section. Setal lengths: v 2 22, sc 1 broken, sc 2 21, c 1 15, c 3 21, d 1 16, d 2 20, d 3 19, e 1 14, e 3 19, f 3 18, h 1 13, h 2 17. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 4 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia both 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 102 a) Cuticle mostly smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 39, 1 b 8, 2 b 8, 2 c 17, 3a 35, 3 b 8, 4a 35, 4 b 9, ag 1 9, g 1 14, ps 1 12, ps 2 8, ps 3 7. Legs. (Fig. 102 b) Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6 long, ta II 5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��' - p��" (4���5 long). PROTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 235, sc 1 -sc 1 74; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 24, sc 2 -sc 2 85, c 1 -c 1 21, c 3 -c 3 110, d 1 -d 1 15, d 2 -d 2 86, d 3 -d 3 80, e 1 - e 1 11, e 3 - e 3 71, f 3 -f 3 53, h 1 -h 1 33, h 2 -h 2 16. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially, with small lobe between setae v 2, beneath margin of shield. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with wrinkled-grooved sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern. Opisthosomal shield absent; cuticle with sparse transverse folds, becoming obliquelongitudinal posteriorly. All dorsal shield short, barbed, thick. Setal lengths: v 2 22, sc 1 14, sc 2 17, c 1 16, c 3 16, d 1 9, d 2 16, d 3 15, e 1 9, e 3 15, f 3 16, h 1 10, h 2 15. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, ventral 4 long; tarsal eupathidia both 4 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital-anal region. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28, 1 b 10, 2 c 15, 3a 20, 3 b 8, ag 1 7, ps 1 4, ps 2 4, ps 3 4. Legs. (Fig. 102 c) Setal formula (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-2 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 5, 4 long; ta II 5, 3 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���III without l ���; tibiae III���IV without d; tarsi I��� III without tc ������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name derives from the latinisation of the common name ���River Oak���. Remarks. Females of Ph. flumaquercus have slightly smaller features than female Ph. agohoi, even though the body size is greater (328���340 versus 300���310 for v 2 -h 1). In addition, P. flumaquercus can be separated from P. agohoi by having a coarsely rugose prodorsum, while the latter has a finely reticulate prodorsum. These mites were collected from the needle-like stems of the host plant, which was growing in woodland with Corymbia tessellaris and Eucalyptus tereticornis, both Myrtaceae, on sandy alluvium., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 116-119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus belah Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 103���104) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Newell Highway, approx. 15 km N Moree, 86 km S Goondiwindi, 29 �� 21 ��� 20 ��� S 150 ��00��� 24 ��� E, 21 August. 2007, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (QM). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 305���315. Distance between e 2 -e 2 115���120. Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated. Lateral cuticle with 3 a- 4 a entirely transverse. Spermatheca round, 2 x 2, without grainy appearance. FEMALE (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 103 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 307���315 [315], sc 2 - sc 2 105 ��� 105 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27���30 [29], sc 1 -sc 1 80���82 [82], c 1 -c 1 28���32 [31], c 3 -c 3 135���140 [140], d 1 -d 1 17���19 [18], d 3 -d 3 125���130 [125], e 1 - e 1 17���20 [18], e 2 -e 2 115���120 [115], e 3 -e 3 100���105 [100], f 3 -f 3 80���82 [82], h 1 -h 1 20���26 [26], h 2 -h 2 51���55 [55]. Gnathosoma concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch (internal depth 21���23 [23]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing v 2 (inserted dorsally). Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinaloblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated; pair of strong longitudinal folds laterad d 1 -d 1; irregular transverse folds between d 1 -e 1; longitudinal folds to weak reticulation between e 1 -h 1. Lateral cuticle with v 2 15 [15], sc 1 14 [14], sc 2 17���18 [18], c 1 17���19 [19], c 3 15��� 16 [16], d 1 15���16 [15], d 3 16���17 [17], e 1 13 ���14 [13], e 2 15 ���17 [16], e 3 15 ���17 [15], f 3 16���19 [17], h 1 12���14 [13], h 2 16���18 [18]. Palps. (Fig. 103 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 6���7 [6] long, ventral 8���10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5 [5], 5���7 [6] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 104 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; 1 b - 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a - 4 a with transverse striae; cuticle posterior to cx IV transverse, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 34 ��� 44 [44], 1 b 17���18 [17], 2 b 12���13 [13], 2 c 16���18 [16], 3a 40 ��� 48 [48], 3 b 16 [16], 4a 29 ��� 38 [29], 4 b 13���16 [16], ag 1 15 [15], g 1 17���19 [19], g 2 16���18 [18], ps 1 14���16 [16], ps 2 15���17 [15], ps 3 13���14 [14]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 104 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 95���110 [95] long, ending in small rounded membranous vesicle (2 x 2), subtended by 1 pair of minute circular accessory structures. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Figs 103 a, 104 c) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0- 2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (9���10 [9] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 7���8 [7] long; ta II 6 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without v ���; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. OTHER STAGES. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name refers to the common name of the host ��� Belah ���. Remarks. Philippipalpus belah lacks the extensive papillation on the soft cuticle around both dorsal shields that is present in Philippipalpus agohoi and Ph. flumaquercus. Philippipalpus belah females have smoother cuticle lateral to the opisthosomal shields, and more medial wrinkles and folds between setae c 1 -h 1 than do females of Ph. nigraquercus. This species was found in association with Pentamerismus sititoris and Chaudhripalpus costacola., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 121-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978 (Figs 95���97) Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978: 220, fig. 5. Philippipalpus agohoi Smiley et al. (1996): 172, figs 11���15. Type material examined. 5 female paratypes ex. Coastal She-Oak (���Agoho���) Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae), THE PHILIPPINES, Cagayan, Sta. Ana, 31 March 1977, coll. J.M. Sotto (USNM, 2 slides). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 300���310. Distance between e 2 -e 2 130���140. Prodorsal shield with oblique depressions, covered with fine reticulate sculpturing. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) strongly papillate-striate. Opisthosomal shield with 4���5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4���5 smooth ridges in sublateral cuticle associated with depressions; mesonotal region indistinctly separated from pygidial region. Lateral cuticle with> 100 strong papillae. Cuticle between 3 a- 4 a with mixed striae. Vesicle of spermatheca round, 2 x 2, with granulate appearance. FEMALE (5 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 95 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 300���310, sc 2 - sc 2 115���125; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���38, sc 1 -sc 1 88���95, c 1 -c 1 35���42, c 3 -c 3 150���165, d 1 -d 1 26���29, d 3 -d 3 135���150, e 1 - e 1 16���23, e 2 -e 2 130���140, e 3 -e 3 115���120, f 3 -f 3 90���98, h 1 -h 1 21���28, h 2 -h 2 58���67. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of the prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 15���19), forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes; setae v 2 inserted beneath a fold on the lobes; anterior notch located within a weak depression (Fig. 95 a). Prodorsal shield with fine reticulation of small cells; 4���5 pairs of oblique depressions and associated oblique ridges on lateral margin of shield medad setae sc 1���2; laterad cuticle strongly papillate. Three pairs of tiny pores present sublaterally, in longitudinal row. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shield (sejugal region) obviously papillate. Opisthosomal shield with smooth to folded and papillate sculpturing medially between c 1 ���e 1; 4���5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4���5 pairs of smooth transverse ridges in sublateral cuticle between the depressions; lateral cuticle strongly papillate; posterior cuticle between e 1 ���h 1 finely striate to reticulate. Paired tiny pores between each of c 1 ���c 3, d 1 ���d 3, and 2 pairs sublateral to e 1; 1 pair of large pores present medad d 3 ���e 3 (total 5 pairs of pores visible). All dorsal setae barbed, thick, with triangular cross-section (except e 1, h 1). Setal lengths: v 2 17��� 20, sc 1 18���22, sc 2 21���23, c 1 19���24, c 3 18���23, d 1 13���18, d 3 21���22, e 1 12 ���15, e 2 21 ���24, e 3 21 ���24, f 3 20���23, h 1 14���16, h 2 19���22. Palps. (Fig. 95 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 long, ventral 9���11 long; tarsal eupathidia 5���7 long, 7���8 long; solenidion 6���7 long. Venter. (Fig. 96 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; cuticle between 1 b - 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a - 3 a with transverse striae; striae mixed between 3 a - 3 a; 3 a - 4 a with transverse to wavy striae; 4 a - 4 a with mixed striae becoming transverse posterior to 4 a, then longitudinal around the genital region. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse line along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield membranous, weakly developed, smooth. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 52 ��� 78, 1 b 20���28, 2 b 18���22, 2 c 21���23, 3 a 48���74, 3 b 22���31, 4 a 44��� 53, 4 b 26���29, ag 1 15���19, g 1 21���25, g 2 18���21, ps 1 14���17, ps 2 13���17, ps 3 9���12. Spermatheca. (Fig. 96 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 100���105 long, ending in a granular, membranous vesicle. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 97) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (10���11 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'- p��" (7���8, 8 ��� 9 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���II with d, ge I���IV without l ���, ge I���II without l������; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. OTHER STAGES. Unknown. Remarks. The redescription of Smiley et al. (1996) reported two setae on genu I, but there is only one dorsal seta present on this segment. Also, they reported the setal count on tarsi I���II as 6 (1), but the count is actually 8 (1). Philippipalpus agohoi and P. flumaquercus are similar in that they both have strongly papillate dorsolateral cuticle, and can be separated from P. nigraquercus and P. belah that both have smooth to weakly papillate dorslateral cuticle. Philippipalpus agohoi can be separated from P. flumaquercus by having a finely reticulate prodorsum, while the latter has a coarsely rugose prodorsum. The host genus, Casuarina, is the most widespread genus in the family, and Ca. equisetifolia is the most widely distributed species within the genus, with a littoral distribution ranging across tropical and subtropical coastlines of northern and northeastern Australia, Burma to Vietnam, Malesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (Johnson & Wilson 1989). This plant has also been introduced to the southern United States, West Africa and Madagascar (Johnson & Wilson 1989). The wide present day distribution of Ca. equisetifolia is an example of the ability of Casuarinaceae species to achieve dispersal by wind and sea (and highly likely by humans) (Steane et al. 2003). In a phylogenetic study by Steane et al. (2003), two subspecies of Ca. equisetifolia, subsp. equisetifolia and subsp. incana, collected from Queensland, Australia, grouped with Casuarina species from the Indomalesian region, rather than with other Australian endemic species. Such a grouping suggests that Ca. equisetifolia is either a relatively new species that came to Australia from Indomalesia, or it evolved in Australia (from an ancestor shared with the other Indomalesian taxa) and then dispersed to other regions (Steane et al. 2003). The origin of this species is of great interest in terms of the origin of Ph. agohoi which is the only non-Australian species in the Tegopalpinae. Records of Ca. equisetifolia from India, the Mascarene Islands (near Madagascar) and other tropical areas are regarded as relatively recent deliberate or accidental introductions (Johnson & Wilson 1989)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Corpuz-Raros, L. A. (1978) New Philippine Tetranychoidea (Acarina). Kalikasan, Philippines Journal of Biology, 7 (3), 211 - 230.","Johnson, L. A. S. & Wilson, K. L. (1989) Casuarinaceae: a synopsis. In: Crane, P. R. & Blackmore, S. (Eds.), Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, Volume 2: \" Higher Hamamelidae. \" Systematics Association Special Volume No. 40 B, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 167 - 188.","Steane, D. A., Wilson, K. L. & Hill, R. S. (2003) Using mat K sequence data to unravel the phylogeny of Casuarinaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28, 47 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 1055 - 7903 (03) 00028 - 9"]}

Philippipalpus nigraquercus Seeman and Beard sp. nov. (Figs 105���106) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Black She-Oak Allocasuarina littoralis (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory, Symonston, Canberra, Mugga Lane, 35 �� 23 ���05��� S 149 ��08��� 10 ��� E, 25 February 2009, coll. J.J.Beard. Paratypes. 3 females, 1 male, 4 deutonymphs, 4 protonymphs, same data as holotype (QM). Non-type material examined. 1 female ex. Allocasuarina littoralis, AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Gordon, Murrumbidgee River, Point Hut Crossing, 35 �� 27 ���04��� S 149 ��04��� 31 ��� E, 27 January 2009, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���350. Distance between e 2 -e 2 135���145. Prodorsal shield with coarse irregular oblique folds and narrow depressions sublaterally; medially with weaker folded to weakly reticulate sculpturing. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striatereticulate. Opisthosomal shield with distinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions separated from each other by smooth cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region separated by band of somewhat smooth cuticle with weak irregular transverse striae; with distinct longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c 1 - h 1, cuticle finely punctate. Lateral cuticle with 20���40 weak papillae. Cuticle between 3 a- 4 a with mixed striae. Spermatheca elongate, 2 x 1, with grainy appearance. FEMALE (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 105) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���350 [345], sc 2 - sc 2 110���115 [115]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 26���32 [32], sc 1 -sc 1 84���87 [84], c 1 -c 1 29���31 [29], c 3 -c 3 150���160 [150], d 1 -d 1 18���20 [18], d 3 -d 3 125���130 [130], e 1 - e 1 13���18 [18], e 2 -e 2 135���145 [145], e 3 -e 3 110���120 [120], f 3 -f 3 84���93 [93], h 1 -h 1 28���32 [32], h 2 -h 2 60���71 [71]. Gnathosoma concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 20���22 [20]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing setae v 2. Prodorsal shield with coarse irregular oblique folds and weak narrow depressions sublaterally; medially with weaker folded to weakly reticulate sculpturing and region of smooth cuticle with fine punctations. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate-reticulate. Opisthosomal shield with distinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions separated from each other by smooth cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region separated by band of somewhat smooth cuticle with weak irregular transverse striae; with distinct longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c 1 -h 1, cuticle finely punctate. Lateral soft cuticle mostly smooth, with 20���40 weak papillae. All dorsal shield short, thick, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, triangular in cross-section (except e 1). Setal lengths: v 2 16���19 [19], sc 1 14���15 [15], sc 2 19���21 [21], c 1 17���20 [17], c 3 17���19 [17], d 1 15���19 [19], d 3 19���21 [21], e 1 9 ���12 [12], e 2 18 ���21 [19], e 3 17 ���18 [18], f 3 18���20 [20], h 1 12���14 [14], h 2 17���19 [19]. Palps. Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 [8] long, ventral 10���12 [12] long; tarsal eupathidia, thin 5 [5] long, thick 6���7 [7] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; cuticle between 1 b- 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a- 3 a with transverse striae; striae mixed between 3 a- 3 a; cuticle between 3 a- 4 a with transverse to wavy striae; 4 a- 4 a with mixed striae becoming transverse posterior to 4 a; 4 a to genital region with longitudinal striae. Genital setae inserted in more-orless transverse row along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 38 ��� 58 [38], 1 b 20���23 [20], 2 b 16��� 18 [16], 2 c 17���20 [17], 3a 35 ��� 57 [35], 3 b 9���16 [9], 4a 26 ��� 35 [35], 4 b 13���14 [13], ag 1 15���18 [18], g 1 22���23 [23], g 2 22���23 [23], ps 1 10���11 [11], ps 2 16 [16], ps 3 16���18 [17]. Spermatheca. Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 95��� 110 [95] long. Spermatheca vesicle small (2 x 2 ��m), rounded, subtended by 1 pair of circular accessory structures. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0- 3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (9���11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without v ���; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. MALE (n = 1). Dorsum. (Fig. 106) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 245, sc 2 -sc 2 86; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 20, sc 1 -sc 1 65, c 1 -c 1 25, c 3 -c 3 113, d 1 -d 1 11, d 2 -d 2 94, d 3 -d 3 85, e 1 - e 1 13, e 3 - e 3 76, f 3 -f 3 58, h 1 -h 1 10, h 2 -h 2 36. Gnathosoma concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 20) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing setae v 2. Prodorsal shield with wrinkled oblique ridge-like sculpturing sublaterally; medial cuticle mostly smooth with minute punctations. Opisthosoma with well developed mesonotal and pygidial shields; cuticle on shields with wrinkled or folded sculpturing and fine punctations. Three pairs of large pores visible, 1 pair each medad c 3, medad d 3, between e 2 - e 3. Cuticle between shields with strong widely separated folds. Lateral soft cuticle mostly smooth, with some papillae laterad setae d 3 -e 3. All dorsal shield short, lanceolate, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges; medial setae broader than lateral setae: v 2 16, sc 1 15, sc 2 16, c 1 14, c 3 17, d 1 10, d 2 14, d 3 17, e 1 9, e 3 15, f 3 17, h 1 11, h 2 17. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 7 long; tarsal eupathidia both 6 long; solenidion 5 long. Vent er. Cuticle between 1 a- 1 a with longitudinal striae, all remaining striae transverse, becoming coarse on opisthosoma. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c slightly thicker than other setae. Setae ag 1, g 1, g 2, ps 2, ps 3 slightly thickened, with few barbs; setae ps 1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 50, 1 b 17, 2 b 15, 2 c 15, 3a 26, 3 b 13, 4a 35, 4 b 11, ag 1 13, g 1 12, g 2 13, ps 1 16, ps 2 4, ps 3 4. Aedeagus. Narrow, sclerotised, tapering; straight for 35, then curved for 33, apically bent and fine for ca. 40. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 13 long, ta II 12 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 8 long; ta II 7 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 240���290, sc 2 -sc 2 83��� 98; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���27, sc 1 -sc 1 69���80, c 1 -c 1 22���28, c 3 -c 3 110���133, d 1 -d 1 14���18, d 2 -d 2 88���110 (1 specimen with 2 setae in d 2 position on left hand side only), d 3 -d 3 85���110, e 1 - e 1 13���14, e 3 - e 3 73���90, f 3 -f 3 58���69, h 1 -h 1 17���24, h 2 -h 2 27���48. Anterior margins of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with few wrinkles or folds. Opisthosomal shields not developed, cuticle mostly folded transversely, becoming oblique-longitudinal posteriorly. All dorsal setae short, lanceolate, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges. Setal lengths: v 2 18���22, sc 1 69���80, sc 2 16���21, c 1 17���21, c 3 20���22, d 1 11���18, d 2 18���21, d 3 18���20, e 1 9 ��� 13, e 3 17 ���21, f 3 17���20, h 1 11���17, h 2 18���20. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, 4���5 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 3 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35 ��� 40, 1 b 10���16, 2 b 11���13, 2 c 17���20, 3 a 29���30, 3 b 9��� 12, 4 a 26���30, 4 b 8���12, ag 1 8���11, g 1 13���15, ps 1 9���10, ps 2 7���9, ps 3 6���7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5, 4 long). PROTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 180���205, sc 1 -sc 1 65��� 66; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 16���22, sc 2 -sc 2 73���78, c 1 -c 1 18���22, c 3 -c 3 95���105, d 1 -d 1 13���15, d 2 -d 2 74���79, d 3 - d 3 67���74, e 1 - e 1 6���8, e 3 - e 3 58���70, f 3 -f 3 45���50, h 1 -h 1 10���14, h 2 -h 2 28���32. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with few wrinkles or folds. Opisthosomal shields absent; cuticle with sparse wrinkles or folds and coarse striae. All dorsal shield short, lanceolate, barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 17���18, sc 1 14���16, sc 2 17���19, c 1 15���18, c 3 15���18, d 1 14��� 16, d 2 17, d 3 18���20, e 1 9 ���10, e 3 15 ���17, f 3 15���17, h 1 11���14, h 2 13���17. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 4 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 3 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genitoanal region. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 30, 1 b 11���12, 2 c 12��� 15, 3 a 20���25, 3 b 8, ag 1 6, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 3���5, ps 3 3���5. Legs. Setal formula (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0- 4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-2 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 4 long; ta II 4, 3 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; ge I���III without l ���; ti III���IV without d; ta I���III without tc ������. LARVA. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name derives from the latinisation of the common name of the host ���Black Oak���. Remarks. Philippipalpus nigraquercus lacks the extensive papillation of soft cuticle around both dorsal shields that is present in Philippipalpus agohoi and Ph. flumaquercus. Philippipalpus nigraquercus females have more papillate cuticle lateral to the opisthosomal shields, smoother cuticle between setae c 1 -h 1 than do females of Ph. belah. Regarding the latter difference, female of Ph. nigraquercus have a medial longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c 1 -h 1, whereas the cuticle in this region on Ph. belah is wrinkled and folded similar to the lateral opisthosoma., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 124-127, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337