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Despite the evident importance of imagination in both ethical decision-making and entrepreneurship, significant gaps remain in our understanding of its actual role in these processes. As a result, scholars have called for a deeper understanding of how imagination impacts value creation in society and how this critical human faculty might more profoundly connect our theories of ethics and business decision-making. In this paper, we attempt to fill one of these gaps by scrutinizing the underlying philosophical foundations of imagination and applying them to the challenges facing entrepreneurs attempting to create new value in an increasingly unpredictable and kaleidic world. Accordingly, we apply a view of imagination developed by the pragmatist philosopher John Dewey to the radically subjective economic philosophy of G.L.S Shackle. As a result, we develop a concept of imagination which we believe can be both significant and hopeful for research at the intersection of business ethics and new value creation.

Neoclassical economics is sometimes said to overlook the institutional character of markets, treating them as ‘natural.’ I address whether this criticism applies to Leon Walras. Walras's position i...

Laughter is relatively unexplored in Adam Smith’s economic philosophy. In this article, laughter in Smith’s two major works The theory of moral sentiments and An inquiry into the nature and causes ...

In this paper I analyse the problem of free will and determinism as it pertains to the Austrian School of Economics. I demonstrate that despite the fact they subscribe to the concept of causality, ...

Recent research emphasizes that empiricist approaches already emerged long before the seventeenth and eighteenth century. While many of these contributions focus on specific professions, it is the aim of this article to supplement this discourse by describing certain social spaces that fostered empiricist attitudes. A particularly interesting example in this respect is the mining region of the Erzgebirge (Saxony) in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The following article will use this mining district as a kind of historical laboratory, as a space not only for scientific observation but also as a structure within which specific forms of knowledge were socially tested, to show how the economic transformation of this region supported the rise of characteristic elements of empiricist thinking. It is common practice to link the appraisal of useful knowledge, (personal) experience and the distrust towards (scholastic) authorities in those days with only small minorities. By addressing not only the struggles of the commercial elites but also the challenges faced by the average resident of a mining town, this paper tries to add to this view by demonstrating how entire masses of people inhabiting the late medieval Erzgebirge were affected by and schooled to think in empiricist ways.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content and results of the First International Lvov Forum, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Academician D. S. Lvov (1930–2007). The forum was held on October 20–21, 2020 at the State University of Management with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project No. 20-010-22058. Major Russian and foreign scientists, academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, leading Russian universities, universities of the Czech Republic, France, Bulgaria and other countries took part in the First Lvov Forum. The Forum discussed fundamental problems of modern Russian and world economic science, including: the problem of the crisis of the paradigm of economic theory; the problem of the relationship between philosophical and economic knowledge; the need to form a new paradigm of economic science; the problem of interaction between society, state and business at the micro, meso and macro levels in the face of modern challenges; place and role of Russia in the world socio-economic system; development strategy of the Russian socio-economic system in the context of the new paradigm of economic science in the context of modern challenges. The discussion of the above fundamental problems was on the basis of a synthesis of the principle of dichotomy and a systematic approach. The First Lvov Forum took a significant place among such major Russian scientific events as the Gaidar Economic Forum, the Krasnoyarsk Economic Forum, the Moscow Economic Forum, etc. due to the relevance of the problems considered at the Forum, the novelty of the methods proposed for their solution. The ideas of Russian and foreign scientists presented at the Forum can be used for the further development of modern economic theory, as well as for the development of programs for the development of the Russian economy at the micro, meso and macro levels.

This paper provides my reflections on the state of economic methodology and philosophy of economics as of the beginning of 2020 following the end of a fifteen year co-editorship of the Journal of Economic Methodology with Wade Hands. It looks at how economic methodology and philosophy of economics, as a meta-field type of research, has changed since it emerged as a distinct subfield in economics in the 1980s. Using an evolution of technology analysis, it distinguishes two different possible scenarios for the field’s future according to environmental factors operating upon it and how specialization in research may affect both it and economics, and then makes a crossdisciplinarity argument for its further development as a diverse, pluralistic domain of research.JEL Codes : B41, B20.

Hume's theory of preferences would, from a contemporary point of view, be labelled an endogenous theory. He sees preferences largely as comparative desires that are formed and affected by the psychological process of sympathy. His view of preferences relates to his economic philosophy. Despite his understanding of preferences, Hume is, unlike some other thinkers with related perspectives like Thorstein Veblen, optimistic about the prospects of commercial society, claiming in one of his essays that the ages of commerce and refinement are both the happiest and the most virtuous. An important reason for his optimism lies in the fact that he understands happiness or well-being to largely consist in the process of actively pursuing one's preferences, not simply in the state of having one's preferences satisfied.

This study aims to reveal the relationship between Islamic philosophy and Islamic economic philosophy, both in terms of foundation, operation, and objectives. This library research (Library Research) uses documentation data collection techniques with data analysis, namely content analysis. The results showed that the relationship between sharia philosophy and sharia economic philosophy is that there is a philosophical foundation based on al-qur'am, hadith, ijma 'and qiyas, as well as operational principles, observations are made, take generalization conclusions and serve as theory, while the goal is both want to get happiness in the world and the hereafter, but what distinguishes the two lies in the broader study of sharia philosophy and complexity, while Islamic economic philosophy specializes in sharia economic studies. But for sharia economic philosophy discusses tauhid, caliphate, tazkiyah, and masuliyya. Operational principles, observing, drawing conclusions and making theory. The goal of obtaining falah, namely survival, freedom of desire, and strength and honor.

The image of communicating the truth in the doctor–patient relationship based on the series Hospital. The author assumes in the article that the level of communication axiology is often the only possible form of communication between the patient and the doctor. This meta-space in interpersonal communication is aptly portrayed by the TV series Hospital. Therefore, it shows the philosophy of Jozef Tischner’s drama as the ontological basis of the act of communication between the doctor and the patient, which will illuminate the reality of values in the interpersonal space. The text consisted of five parts. The author emphasizes this division due to the variety of research areas of the article. As part of the first research area, he tries to present the communication act in the light of ontology as an entity that can be described in its complexity. The second part of the article will present the philosophy of Jozef Tischner’s drama. In the third area of the text, he examines the physician-patient communication pragmatics from the point of view of the axiology of communication. The fourth part, in turn, will be a synthesis of the previous three, in which it attempts to show the communication between the doctor and the patient from an axiological perspective. Within the last – fifth research area, he attempts to update the presented theory in media practice.

Even though one of the founding aspirations of our field was to foster mutually beneficial exchanges between economics and philosophy, economists never paid much attention to our work. Now that practicing economists are increasingly engaging in explicit methodological reflections, we can no longer comfort ourselves with the idea that economists are simply not interested in discussions of methodological issues. What is new on our side of the fence is that some of us commend economists not to be distracted by the sort of philosophical ideas we discuss in our work. While no one openly opposes this, it is clear that others in our field strongly disagree with this. I argue that what is ultimately at stake are different views on what philosophy of economics is all about, what it should be and what it should do. I also argue that these fundamental disagreements are better discussed openly than being kept under the carpet.

This contribution considers how economic methodology and the philosophy of economics have evolved in the light of real experience in the economy. Philosophical and methodological discourse about ec...

The paper sketches a story about how and why the field of economic methodology / philosophy of economics emerged (as a further step in specialization), and how it has evolved intellectually and ins...

The purpose of the article is to show the limitations and denote the heuristic potential of F. Knight’s methodological ideas concerning the philosophical and methodological underpinnings of economic science, the human model in economics and the concept of the social ideal. In our view, the main paradox of the methodology of F. Knight is associated with the understanding of human behavior and the search for a balance of the basic contradictions of science, philosophy and life itself in the context of these reflections: abstract and concrete, objective and subjective, certainty and uncertainty. It is difficult for one person to complete such a search, but in the process it is possible to open up prospects for new answers and new “horizons of questioning”.

Electricity has long been taken for granted in much of the western world. It is such an essential part of our everyday lives that we accept its 24 hours-a-day availability almost without thinking, at least until the bill arrives. However, recent changes in political and economic philosophy have led to greater scrutiny of the sector and its structure. In a field so historically sensitive, both politically and economically, for many years calls for reform and liberalisation met with significant opposition. The negotiations on liberalisation have been difficult, hardfought and, as a result, lengthy. The many compromises which have had to be made have led to a rather uncertain situation as regards the requirements of this new phase of liberalisation. One of the consequences of this uncertainty is the reciprocity provision in the Directive for the internal market in electricity. 1

The aim of this paper is to introduce the philosophical concept of vagueness and use it to critique the explanatory scope of social ontology as developed by the Cambridge Social Ontology Group (CSOG), and scholars sympathetic to it. Specifically, we will refer to one of its core theories, the theory of social positioning, to formulate our critique. This theory proposes that human beings and artefacts occupy social positions within emerging social totalities by virtue of receiving community accepted, interdependent, rights and obligations. Vagueness, here, is to be understood as a matter of indeterminacy in borderline cases that pose non-trivial limitations to social positioning. By this we mean to say that there are instances in social ontological theorising that exclude themselves from proper inquiry due to vague terms found in natural languages. As a consequence of these vague terms, theories in social ontology formulated in such languages face limitations when striving for precisification and accuracy of theories. We further argue that these limitations cannot be overcome, but introduce four theories, namely supervaluationsim, epistemicism, truth degree theories and contextualism, which will allow interested readers to understand why these limitations are present. Finally, we consider the controversial theory of ontic vagueness and outline the implications for social ontology.

The implementation of the economics curriculum 2013 still faces various obstacles and not all educators understand that Indonesian economic values must be taught in schools. Meanwhile, the need for student behavior based on Indonesian economic values is increasingly urgent. The purpose of this study is to examine the curriculum based on Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution during the Covid 19 period, as a basis for making teaching materials. This study uses qualitative methods and focus group discussion as a means of validating data following observation, documentation and interviews. What is analyzed is the general objectives of the curriculum and philosophy of economics. It is found that the philosophy of Indonesian economic behavior has not been accommodated in the curriculum material. The systematics of matter is incompatible with the systematics of economic theory. There is no philosophical foundation of essentialism and philosophy for solving social problems. Economic theory learning is integrated with applied economics. The formulation of the basic competencies of the curriculum does not actualize changes in the economic life of the community during the Covid 19 period. It was found that there was a shift in the values and culture of society in solving economic problems and the implementation of the quality of learning was indicated to have decreased, because teachers and students had to change their face-to-face learning behavior with online learning. The reconstruction of the economic education curriculum in SMA should be carried out. Contribution in the field, there needs to be a reconstruction of the economic education curriculum, especially in the material structure, determination of basic competencies based on Indonesian economic behavior that uses a humanist approach, experimentalism and social reconstructivism in anticipating shifts in the values and culture of society in solving economic problems.

Islam offers the complete code of human life. It is applicable in every sphere of life, whether business, service or any other occupations. Islamic Economic philosophy simply expounds or refers to philosophical activity within the Islamic paradigm. The main direction of Islamic philosophy provides a complete way of life based on al-Adl and al-Ihsan. The discussion on Islamic economic philosophy issues had started earlier and flourished when Muslim scholars dominated the world scientific development tradition. However, the economic issues are mainly solved by different branches and schools of economics thoughts. Therefore, this paper has an attempt look into the philosophical issues in the area Islamic economics and its comprehensive application in the existing economyall over the world. It is a purely descriptive presentation on the issues of Islamic economic philosophy. The study findings revealed that Islamic economic has a strong philosophical foundation where socioeconomic development can be done based on al-Adl and al-Ihsan. The study also concluded that al-Adl and al-Ihsan would be establish while economic life is directed by not only material motives but also consent of Allah and craving for happy eternal life in the hereafter.

The art market as a value-semantic space of art actualization is studied, the defining principles of which are considered through the prism of the theory of spontaneous order. This concept was proposed by Nobel Laureate in Economics Friedrich Hayek in the context of the potential of the market system development. It significantly influenced works of art presentation and circulation in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The author has introduced the basic concept of the philosophy of economics for culturological research concerning the art market. Ukrainian and foreign scientific review and analytical articles are used as sources. They contribute to a new understanding of the essence of contemporary art and art in general. The concept of spontaneous art is considered on the basis of research made by Paul Cantor and Stephen Cox, as well as scientific research by Troy Camplin. The art market was analyzed as a space for the circulation of ideas and meanings and the functioning of art to fulfill the interests of many objects (art galleries, art fairs, biennials, artists, experts, collectors, art dealers). The reason for the growing role of the art market in the 20th and 21st centuries was found, which is due to the peculiarities of contemporary art and the need for a new space for its operation. The modern art market corresponds to the idea of spontaneous order both in organizational conditions and in the nature of contemporary art. Thus, there was a need for a gradual reorientation from the "conscious order", in which creative activity was regulated through the guilds, art academies, official galleries, to a spontaneous order. The potential of application of the concept of spontaneous order in the context of studying the art market as a valuesemantic space is substantiated. This approach allows a new interpretation of the art market, which is considered in Ukrainian science in the context of economics (for example, pricing), primarily taking into account the meanings and values that arise during the actualization of art due to the possibilities of the art market. Therefore, some purposes of the modern art market are to demonstrate, to discuss and to give the meaning to works of art. It is proved that these processes are currently carried out without intervention and centralized regulation (as it would be within the concept of "conscious order"), because one of the basis of the art market can be considered as a spontaneous order, which is a significant power of market potential and in a certain way corresponds to the nature of art. This is what denies any deliberate interference.

Investments in human capital have been shown to positively influence the development of the agricultural industry in regions across the globe. After the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, therefore, Thailand’s King Bhumibol Adulyadej (The King) adopted the Sufficiency Economic Philosophy (SEP) that empowered the country through critical investments in human capital, which led to a transformation of its agricultural system. In this case study, we examined Thai agricultural leaders’ reflections on the role of SEP in catalyzing such changes. Findings from this investigation emerged in the form of two investments that Thailand made in human capital through the SEP: (1) education, and (2) the establishment of the Royal Projects. Three outcomes also emerged that represent how growth was experienced in the nation’s agricultural system as a result of such investments: (1) individual development, (2) economic development, and (3) societal development. As a result, this investigation’s findings could help extension professionals diffuse agricultural innovations in ways that align better with the unique values of Thailand while also helping to improve the production of agricultural commodities.

The aim of the article is to develop a new model of the digital economy as a new scientific direction of the philosophy of economics. Analysis methodology is the use of methods such as cross-cultural, systemic, synergetic, informational, axiological, cybernetic to develop a new model of the digital economy as a new scientific direction, in the context of which a new information space is being formed. The problems of solving the digital economy are taking place against the backdrop of new trends - globalization 4.0, Industry 4.0, Enlightenment 2.0, Agile management, in the context of which there is a transition from simple interconnection to hyperconnection and the spread of Moore's law, according to which there is a doubling of information. The results of the study. 1) The development of the digital economy as a new scientific field, which is based on a combination of concepts of informatization, digitalization, robotics, developing under the influence of global trends is studied. 2) It has been established that the digital economy contributes to technological progress and, under the pressure of global trends, develops a variety of economic models of scientific, technical and digital progress, which are based on the solution of problems of man, science, society. 3) The problematic issues of the digital economy and the conditions for its solution are identified. Conclusions. The prospects that the digital economy opens up thanks to modern technologies representing a technological breakthrough are analyzed. The digital technology network is designed so that it moves with the least loss and the smallest pieces of calculus are at the heart of this new constant flow system. All this indicates that in the context of globalization and the BIG DATA era, humanity is entering a new stage of calculus, when information doubles in accordance with Moore's law.

A recent movement within political philosophy called luck egalitarianism has attempted to synthesize the right’s regard for responsibility with the left’s concern for equality. The original motivat...

This article examines the philosophy of economic of the Ancient Greece. Philosophical thought of the classics of ancient philosophy raises value and moral-ethnical questions in economic sphere and seeks the ways for their solution. The subject of this research is the stance on economic goods of the ancient society. The goal consists in description of the economic ideas of Xenophon, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Modern philosophical studies do not give due attention to the philosophy of economics, which is not fair, since the discipline “Philosophy of Economics” is aimed primarily at clarification of the essence of philosophical problems of economics, substantiation of the need for scientific cognition of economic relations and the underlying socioeconomic laws. The novelty lies in carrying out a referential overview of philosophical concepts that reflect economic ideas in Ancient Greek philosophy of the classical period. The prerequisites of economic ideas within the system of philosophical knowledge reveal and substantiate two these: inseparability of economic knowledge from ethics and politics, and the regards household management as an art. Economic teachings can be found in works of many Ancient Eastern, Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman philosophers; however, the textbooks do not usually include the ancient economic thought into the general course. The author believes that the fundamentals of economics established namely in this era, and this fact cannot be wiped out of history. The philosophical understanding of worldview and scientific fundamentals, knowledge of economics and economic system as a whole, including everything related to the economy, its place in natural world, society and human culture is very important and should be studied in universities.

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre uma tendência recente de mercado cuja oferta de produtos busca estimular relações afetivas. O exemplo analisado é o Gatebox, que proporciona ao consumidor a experiência de morar com sua personagem favorita. Há novas formas de consumo e interação que emergem deste contexto, especialmente em países onde as companhias virtuais já são consideravalmente difundidas, como é o caso do Japão. A fundamentação teórica reúne autores como Takeyama (2005); Kurotani (2014); Illouz (2011); Giard (2016); Azuma (2009); Barral (2000); e a pesquisa do filósofo Brian Massumi (2015), sobretudo no âmbito da filosofia e economia. A metodologia de pesquisa parte de uma ampla revisão bibliográfica reunindo autores japoneses e ocidentais, desdobrando-se em pesquisas de campo no Japão, realizadas pelas autoras nos últimos cinco anos, incluindo visita a centros de pesquisa, laboratórios, sex-shops e feiras. O resultado é um panorama preliminar do estado da arte do fenômeno Gatebox e da cultura otaku no Japão e um levantamento de questões que analisam as relações afetivas transdimensionais entre seres humanos e personagens, assim como, o impacto crescente destas relações em redes específicas de consumo no Japão e em países ocidentais.

The challenges facing an international economy in which the importance of the tertiary and quaternary sectors greatly increases, sometimes to the detriment of the primary and secondary ones, in which the financial flows far outstrip the real economic ones and in which the picture of the market participants is changed radically, they are increasingly numerous, more complex and require another type of mechanism to meet them. An almost organic companion of the processes of liberalization of the cross-border economic and financial flows and of the deregulation required by the alignment with the dominant economic philosophy, the non-functionalist one, has been the phenomenon of proliferation of tax havens towards which more and more financial assets flows for decades. These developments are concomitant with the deepening of income inequalities, between states but also within them, with the amplification of the acute lack of resources which can deal with some of the effects of worrying climate developments, with the placing of analysts in the academic environment but also of the political decision makers. of the subject entitled “just transition”. The amplification of the financial transactions carried out through these areas of derogatory taxation, has led to the accumulation of great dissatisfaction among several segments of the company that demand the reform of the economic governance mechanisms so that one can hope to correct the blatant malfunctions and to bring to light and bring to light under the control of civil society of societal deviant behavior from public morality and economic rationality. As a result of scandals of great media relevance, there has been an increasing tendency in international society to take measures, both nationally and internationally, which will help reduce the money-laundering phenomenon. The author intends to analyze the effectiveness with which a series has been implemented and regulations meant to place under a stricter control the evolution of the money laundering phenomenon. The emphasis is on the particularities of money laundering through the Internet and Electronic Commerce because using such a mechanism through the use of electronic financial transfer, the huge growth in the size and speed of financial flows can reduce the chances of detecting the movement of illegal funds.

The economic philosophy of growth focuses on the idea of utility maximization and ignores the environmental impact of such growth. Resources are getting depleted in countries that have an increasin...

The scholars of New Developmentalism have generated a substantial body of knowledge regarding structural transformation and the policies that should be adopted to foster its achievement. Nevertheless, as is argued in this paper, New Developmentalism, by contrast with Neoliberalism, lacks a strong philosophical foundation to legitimise the policies it favours on grounds other than their ability to generate prosperity. It is also argued that new-developmentalists should explicitly adopt a pragmatic philosophy in order to become a more serious alternative to other political economy doctrines. RESUMO Os estudiosos do Novo Desenvolvimentismo geraram um corpo substancial de conhecimento sobre a transformação estrutural e as políticas que devem ser adotadas para promover sua conquista. No entanto, como é discutido neste artigo, o Novo Desenvolvimentismo, em contraste com o Neoliberalismo, carece de uma base filosófica sólida para legitimar as políticas que favorecem por outros motivos que não a capacidade de gerar prosperidade. Também se argumenta que os novos-desenvolvimentistas deveriam adotar explicitamente uma filosofia pragmática para se tornar uma alternativa mais séria a outras doutrinas da economia política.

This paper attempts to seek answers, Firstly, it intends to identify Jahiliyyah practices that are allegedly accepted and practiced in Islam. Secondly, to analyze the worldview of these Jahiliyyah-origin practices within an Islamic worldview construct. The analysis was based on selected practices of the Jahiliyyah that were adopted by Rasulullah SAW. This historiography study concludes that the similarities of these practices, if any, eventhough are similar to those practiced by the Jahiliyyah, were only restricted to its names and terms, while the structure and roots were revamped by Rasulullah SAW. The divine revelations received by Rasulullah SAW are proof that Islam is absolutely free from Jahiliyyah practices. The arguments used by those who advocate the use of conventional ideas to solve problems related to Islam are therefore, incorrect.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of axiological ideas lying in the foundation of the modern economic science in general and theory of finances in particular. The concept of homo economicus and its origins are considered. Concept of the "homo economicus" is used in the modern philosophic and methodologic literature on methodologic questions of economical science is used in two meanings. The first considers homo economicus only as a technical construct or model created in the form of certain hypotheses and suppositions set taken in their limit form as an idealization. The second takes it as a certain anthropologic type characterized with according values and behavior. It was demonstrated that the concept of homo economicus has a long before-history consisting in gradual break-up between economical theory and ethics. The homo economicus is a person who build his behavior through calculation of his profit. The latter is a form of his self-discipline that forms a new system of norms free from moral and other similar things. The new system of norms suppose no stable tenets and axioms as it takes place in ethics but remains rational and is based on probabilities calculations. The evolution of economical science is regarded as well as its division into political philosophy and proper economic theory in the end of the XIX century, the role of the growth principle, the growth in spite of anything that stood to the first place in the time of the Great Depression and goes on occupying this place till now. It is demonstrated that the essence of money consists in being a symbol and sign of debt obligations, that the capital is representation of their accumulated form and moving power that makes market economics to move. It is shown also that namely the ideas of capital as well as labour compound axiological foundation of modern economical ideas. The homo economicus or economical man, that means individualistic and egotistic psychotype oriented onto profit and satisfaction of his desires, becomes conceptual ideal.

The relevance of the study is that the philosophy of economics as a new scientific direction returns the economy to life, and life to the economy. Philosophy of economics refers to the concepts of economic discourse such as good and evil, ethics and morality. The father of the modern economics, Adam Smith was a professor of ethics, whose works were based on economic human, economic reality, which he explained by mathematical and economic models, tried to show the connection between economics and anthropology, philosophy, religion study, sociology, psychology and political science.The purpose of the article is conceptualization ofthe new knowledge about the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the philosophy of economics as a new scientific direction. The objectives of the study: 1) to provide a history of the formation of the philosophy of economics and provide a substantiationfor the conceptual and categorical apparatus; 2) to analyze the basic concepts of the philosophy of economics in the context of preserving the diversity of ideas and promoting their mutual enrichment; 3) to analyze the concepts of the modern philosophy of economics - human capital, differentiation, specialization, technologies, “circular economy” and their impact on economic development.Methodology is the use of scientific and epistemological knowledge as a basis for empirical study of concepts and conceptions of the philosophy of economics, constituted in the methods of analysis and synthesis, abstraction, comparison, historical and logical, systematic and structuredness and manifested in ideas, senses, dispositions that allow epistemological praxeological construction to comprehend the ontos, society, nature, economy.Philosophy of economics is considered in the context of relationship of philosophy, logics, and metaphysics in order to reproduce the modern methodological conceptions to reconstruct a new economic reality and solve new problems in the discourse comprehension of economic society. The scientific originality of the study is the use of meaningful philosophical logics and its models-structures to substantiate the philosophy of economics as a new philosophical knowledge, a new scientific direction and discipline.Result. The history of formation the philosophy of economics is revealed and the conceptual and categorical apparatus is presented as the result of the socio-philosophical analysis; the basic concepts of the philosophy of economics in the context of preserving the diversity of ideas and promoting their mutual enrichment are analyzed; an analysis of the concepts of the modern philosophy of economics - human capital, differentiation, specialization, technology, “circular economy” and their impact on economic development is presented. The general level of awareness about the rapidness of the development of the philosophy of economics in conditions of the technological revolution has been raised, the basic economic problems have been outlined and the ways to overcome them have been suggested as the result of the philosophical analysis of the philosophy of economics

With the development of computer science, time and computer networks, primarily the Internet, as well as the increasing use of information and communication technologies in the company's business, it establishes a new form of business, and thus the economy. For several years, computing has been ranked high on political agendas in Europe and the world. Today, the European Commission considers computing to be literacy, which is the basis for understanding how digital technologies work and serves the development of 21st century skills, such as, among other things, "electronic business, ie. digital economics and analytical thinking. E-business operates on different principles in relation to the old economy and requires a different economic philosophy. Information, ideas, innovation and knowledge that create values, growth and productivity. The modern way of doing business guarantees a better access to the market and thus increases the position of companies, especially small and medium enterprises, in time and better use of their own resources provided by information and communication technologies. Companies, ie. SMEs in their challenges in the later stages of development will be precisely that, the better position in the global Internet market with its basic premises of creating good material bases and time make their offer accessible to potential consumers.

The article presents a philosophical and sociological analysis of processes of cultural globalization, development of consumer society and fashion industry in Russia. Authors analyze the social foundations of cultural globalization. The article examines the influence of cultural globalization on the process of distribution of symbols of new mass culture. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the fashion and entertainment industry in the modern Russian society. The article also examines the specific impact of the processes of marketization and the displacement of national cultures in the system of modern societies.

This is an introduction to the symposium, "David Hume, Economic Rationality, and Policy," forthcoming in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. Topics treated in the symposium include the idea of true preferences; Hume's theory of preferences in relation to his economic philosophy; justice and markets as a joint coordination regime; the instability of general, inflexible rules; conservatism and liberalism; the ethics of policy innovation; Hume and classical economics; group analytics and contemporary political sociology.

A long tradition in philosophy and economics equates intelligence with the ability to act rationally—that is, to choose actions that can be expected to achieve one’s objectives. This framework is so pervasive within AI that it would be reasonable to call it the standard model. A great deal of progress on reasoning, planning, and decision-making, as well as perception and learning, has occurred within the standard model. Unfortunately, the standard model is unworkable as a foundation for further progress because it is seldom possible to specify objectives completely and correctly in the real world. The chapter proposes a new model for AI development in which the machine’s uncertainty about the true objective leads to qualitatively new modes of behavior that are more robust, controllable, and deferential to humans.

International audience

The most fundamental questions of economics are often philosophical in nature, and philosophers have, since the very beginning of Western philosophy, asked many questions that current observers would identify as economic. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Economics is an outstanding reference source for the key topics, problems, and debates at the intersection of philosophical and economic inquiry. It captures this field of countless exciting interconnections, affinities, and opportunities for cross-fertilization. Comprising 35 chapters by a diverse team of contributors from all over the globe, the Handbook is divided into eight sections: I. Rationality II. Cooperation and Interaction III. Methodology IV. Values V. Causality and Explanation VI. Experimentation and Simulation VII. Evidence VIII. Policy The volume is essential reading for students and researchers in economics and philosophy who are interested in exploring the interconnections between the two disciplines. It is also a valuable resource for those in related fields like political science, sociology, and the humanities.

Philosophy of econometrics is concerned with the systematic study and appraisal of general principles, statistical procedures and modeling strategies, as well as philosophical presuppositions that underlie econometric methods, with a view to evaluate their effectiveness in achieving the primary objective of ‘learning from data’ about economic phenomena of interest. In philosophical jargon it is a core area of the philosophy of economics, concerned primarily with epistemological and metaphysical issues pertaining to the empirical foundations of economics. In particular, it pertains to methodological issues having to do with the effectiveness of statistical methods and procedures used in empirical inquiry, as well as ontological issues concerned with the worldview of the econometrician. Applied econometricians, grappling with the complexity of bridging the gap between theory and data, face numerous philosophical/methodological issues pertaining to transforming non-experimental, noisy and incomplete data into reliable evidence for or against a substantive hypothesis or a theory.

Draft of a contribution to Kincaid & Ross Modern Guide to Philosophy of Economics (Elgar). To talk in 2020 about the foundations of behavioural and experimental economics (BE and EE from here on), or for that matter the methodological and substantive relationships between economic and psychological models of behaviour (Ortmann & Gigerenzer 1997), and the implications of differences in experimental methods (Hertwig & Ortmann 2001) requires that we first talk about the ramifications of the replicability- and credibility crisis that has afflicted the business and social sciences, and very prominently psychology, since at least 2005. That’s because the way you do an experiment, evaluate and report it, is unbelievably important (Camerer 2003, p. 34; Ortmann 2010) and bears, as I shall argue below, on the issue of the foundations of BE and EE, on issues of rationality and bounded rationality, self- and other-regarding behaviour, and the whole kaboodle. Here are the major themes I will cover in this chapter (with quick summary answers in parentheses): Is there a replicability and credibility crisis in the social sciences? (Yes, no doubt. Especially if we restrict ourselves to economics and psychology and laboratory experimentation as we shall do here.) Does the replicability crisis play out differently in economics and psychology. (Yes.) Are poor methodological and statistical practices (p-hacking? HARKing?) responsible for that state of affairs? (Yes.) The good news is that both can be addressed through better statistical practices, and better methodological practices such as better reporting policies, power computations, preregistrations, constraints on general(izabil)ity, etc. What then lies at the root of the problem? (The absence (presence) of a theoretical framework in much of psychology (economics), i.e., psychology’s “theoretical amnesia”.) So, what has all this do with of the foundations of BE and EE? (A lot!) EE, allegedly based on the soul of modern economic man – driven by self-interest, not to be confused with greed – provides, especially in its modern variant (rather than the caricatures that uninformed critics paint of it), the rigid framework that psychology is so badly missing (e.g., McPhetres et al. 2020). Two caveats are due here. First, I do understand that some parts of psychology (e.g., cognitive psychology) are better theorized than others (e.g., social psychology), a fact that seems related to researchers’ ability to replicate findings. Second, modern economics is here understood as modern micro-economic theory as sketched out in Kreps (2020) or Binmore (2007) and work that followed them. BE, allegedly enriching economic models with “insights from psychology”, is a mostly untheorized and adhoc-ish mess (for a particularly silly example see Tomer 2017; for a review of that book see Ortmann 2018) that does not provide the kind of theoretical framework that psychology, and behavioural economics, need. The foundations of BE, certainly to the extent that they are grounded in social psychology and judgement and decision making, are for the birds.