736 results on '"Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences"'
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2. Umgang mit der Kenntnisnahme von Straftaten im Rahmen der Durchführung von Forschungsvorhaben: Handreichung der RatSWD AG Forschungsethik
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Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Tauschhuber, Max, Vogel, Paul, Hilgendorf, Eric, Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Tauschhuber, Max, Vogel, Paul, and Hilgendorf, Eric
- Abstract
Die Kenntnisnahme von Straftaten im Forschungsprozess ist ein forschungsethisches Dilemma und birgt für Forschende Unsicherheiten: Wenn beim Forschen Straftaten bekannt werden, ist oft unklar: Müssen Forschende die Kenntnis von Straftaten verschweigen oder müssen oder sollten sie sie offenbaren? Die Handreichung des Rat für Sozial und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD) "Umgang mit der Kenntnisnahme von Straftaten im Rahmen der Durchführung von Forschungsvorhaben" beschäftigt sich mit der Klärung dieser Frage anhand von vier Praxisbeispielen. Diese kommen aus der Rechtsextremismusforschung, beschäftigen sich mit dem Bekanntwerden von Kindesmissbrauch, einer Selbsttötungsabsicht und einer möglichen Vernachlässigung von Pflegebedürftigen, die während eines narrativen Interviews bekannt wird. Ausführlich werden mit der Handreichung straf-, datenschutzrechtliche und weitere gesetzliche Vorgaben sowie Ethikleitlinien anhand der Beispiele erörtert und Lösungswege des Dilemmas anschaulich erklärt.
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- 2023
3. Wissenschaftsdidaktik I: Einführung
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Reinmann, Gabi, Rhein, Rüdiger, Reinmann, Gabi, and Rhein, Rüdiger
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In der Wissenschaft sind Erkenntnisziele, aber auch ein spezieller Weltaufschluss angelegt. Diesen zu vermitteln, ist Aufgabe der Wissenschaftsdidaktik. Was aber bedeutet es, Wissenschaft institutionell zu einem Gegenstand des Lehrens und Lernens zu machen? Die Beitragenden des Bandes liefern eine disziplinenübergreifende Einführung in die Wissenschaftsdidaktik, die sich mit grundlegenden konzeptionellen Fragen sowie Einordnungs- und Deutungsversuchen aus verschiedenen Perspektiven befasst. Hochschullehrende sowie praktisch und forschend tätige Personen in der Bildungswissenschaft finden hier leichten Zugang zur Wissenschaftsdidaktik und ihren innovativen Erkenntnispotenzialen.
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- 2023
4. Im Strom der Bewegungsbilder: Film-, Bildungs- und Pflegeprozesse ausgehend von Michael Hanekes 'Liebe'
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Hänel, Jonas and Hänel, Jonas
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Gilles Deleuze zufolge bewegen wir uns permanent in einem Strom von Bewegungsbildern. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt der Autor, dass eine bewegungsbildbasierte Forschung quer zu den Themenbereichen Bildung, Kino und Pflege und ausgehend von Michael Hanekes Film "Liebe" (2012) neue Qualitäten in den Blick rückt. Neben der Beschreibung kontingenter Verläufe im Leben fokussiert er Intensitäten wie Affektionen und Affekte in unterschiedlichen performativen Handlungsvollzügen. Sei es die Beschreibung von Bildungs-, Pflege- oder auch filmischen Prozessen: Sein zentrales Anliegen ist es, die Prozessualität performativer Praxen in ihrem von Brüchen durchzogenen Werden nachzuzeichnen.
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- 2023
5. Wissenschaftliche Fairness: Wissenschaft zwischen Integrität und Fehlverhalten
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Frisch, Katrin, Hagenström, Felix, Reeg, Nele, Frisch, Katrin, Hagenström, Felix, and Reeg, Nele
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Plagiate und andere Fälle wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens landen regelmäßig in den Medien und geben auch Außenstehenden Einblicke in problematische Forschungsprozesse. Während diese Skandale ein Schlaglicht auf offensichtliche oder absichtliche Fehler werfen, sind die alltäglichen Herausforderungen wissenschaftlicher Praxis weitaus komplexer. Die Autor*innen analysieren die Vielschichtigkeit und Verwobenheit von fragwürdigen Forschungspraktiken, Machtstrukturen und Fehlverhalten. Ihr Konzept der wissenschaftlichen Fairness dient als Folie zur Analyse bestehender Problematiken und zeigt in einem Gegenentwurf Handlungsoptionen für mehr Integrität, Verantwortung und wissenschaftsethisch gute Forschung auf.
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- 2023
6. Sleep as Movement/Sleep as Stillness: Colliding 'Objects' at the Scientific Exhibition Dreamstage (1977)
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Lunzer, Mina
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representation ,contemporary art history ,twentieth century ,film theory ,Sociology & anthropology ,Ausstellung ,J. Allan Hobson ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,Wissenschaftsgeschichte ,physical exercise ,art history ,dream research ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,Kunstgeschichte ,sleep ,sleep research ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,körperliche Bewegung ,Neurowissenschaft ,Wissenssoziologie ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Movement ,time-based media ,Spagna, Ted ,Hobson, J. Allan ,20. Jahrhundert ,neurosciences ,Ted Spagna ,Filmforschung ,Traum ,exhibition ,history of science ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Sociology of Knowledge ,ddc:300 ,film research ,movement ,ddc:301 ,dream ,Schlaf - Abstract
This contribution analyzes the much-acclaimed exhibition Dreamstage, initially presented at the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, in 1977. Based on conceptual papers, private correspondences, press releases and reviews, etc., it will claim that, at the time, divergent cultures of knowledge had created divergent objects of "sleep": On the one hand, participating scientists and artists at Dreamstage represented what shall be called "sleep as movement" – by underlining the hidden activities of the sleeping body. Yet, popular cultures regarded sleep as opposing movement – a poetics, that shall be called "sleep as stillness," would frame, or even romanticize, sleep as an act of refusal or pacifistic resistance. In virtue of their constituent logic, both objects were found to collide. Throughout the 20th century, representations of "sleep" and "dreams" were shaped via multiple applications of objectifying/observational, time-based technologies (e.g., Electroencephalography [EEG], Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], film, or video). This allowed for a circulation between laboratory, cinema, and television, in which knowledge appears to be consolidated again and again. "Sleep as stillness" and "sleep as movement" are thus developed from the case study to better grasp these formations since the late 20th century., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 2 (2023)
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- 2023
7. Meeting report: 'Privatsphäre, Datenschutz, Gemeinwohl: Ethische, rechtliche und soziale Herausforderungen der Nutzung von Gesundheitsdaten für die Forschung' : Conference, 2022, Karlsruhe, DE (hybrid)
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Maria João Maia, Martina Felicitas Baumann, and Nora Weinberger
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Technology ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,ddc:300 ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,General Medicine ,ddc:600 ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology - Published
- 2023
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8. Rescaling the Patient. The Diagnosis of Sleep-Related Problems in the Sleep Laboratory
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Zifonun, Dariuš, Reinhardt, Svenja, and Weste, Sebastian
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diagnosis ,sleep laboratory ,polysomnography ,PSG ,obstructive sleep apnea ,OSA ,doing patient ,bodification ,person ,rescaling ,Sociology & anthropology ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,sleep ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Wissenssoziologie ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Patient ,body ,Labor ,Körper ,Diagnose ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Sociology of Knowledge ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,Sleep laboratory ,laboratory ,Schlaf - Abstract
The sleep laboratory has become the key site for the study and clinical diagnosis of sleep disorders, with polysomnography (PSG) being the analytical procedure of choice. In this article we argue that, first, during the overall process of being diagnosed at the sleep laboratory, a constant "doing patient" takes place. Second, we show how a constant "re-scaling" of the patient is performed. The patient shifts on a scale between personhood and a physical body, but without ever fully achieving either of these states. The art of successfully performing and creating the patient role collaboratively is precisely one of carefully navigating between these poles and rescaling the patient. With this in mind, we claim that the "body" and the "person" are not just constitutive and predefined entities, but processual units of construction through ongoing interactions. The rescaling of the patient is bound temporally to the (mini-)phases of the overall process of being diagnosed at the sleep laboratory and spatially to various settings within it. This rescaling also differs socially regarding interaction with the complementary roles of the hospital personnel. Even in situations that appear to reduce patients to bodily objects, there are strategies used that maintain the ascription of personhood, shield them against the impact of the loss of being a person, and facilitate the re-transformation of bodies into persons., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 2 (2023)
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- 2023
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9. 'Masters' of Time. Chrono-Biologizing Sleep in the 20th Century
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Ahlheim, Hannah and Holst, Jonathan
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circadian rhythm ,Wissenschaftsforschung ,twentieth century ,Sociology & anthropology ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,rhythm history ,history of knowledge ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,sleep ,body clocks ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Wissenssoziologie ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,rescaling ,person ,20. Jahrhundert ,historische Entwicklung ,science studies ,body ,historical development ,bodification ,experimental system ,chronobiology ,sociology of knowledge ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,philosophy of science ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,Wissenschaftstheorie ,Sleep ,Schlaf - Abstract
In 20th century Western societies, the question if human beings could "master" their sleep and sleeping time became increasingly relevant. Scientists from several fields set out to find the principles of basic body rhythms, debating about the effects of "cosmic forces," the influence of light and temperature, and the power of will and habits. To conduct their experiments, these researchers turned places like hospital rooms, caves, or bunkers into chronobiology laboratories. It is argued that the now dominant concept of a "clock" inside the body regulating the alternating phases of sleeping and waking was only one of various possible answers to the question of the how, why, and when of sleep. In the course of the 20th century, experts found very diverse, even contradictory explanations for diurnal rhythms, depending on the context they lived in and technologies they worked with. By conceptualizing experimental spaces not as neutral instances of verification, but as epistemically productive, it is pointed out that the science of sleep did not follow a linear path towards a biological truth called "body clocks" but contributed to the sometimes contingent "making" of scientific concepts that generated reliability only within a specific historical context., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 2 (2023)
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- 2023
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10. Sleep, Knowledge, Technology. An Introduction
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Ahlheim, Hannah, Zifonun, Dariuš, and Zillien, Nicole
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knowledge ,Technologie ,Sociology & anthropology ,Wissen ,Wissensproduktion ,sleep laboratory ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,mobile self-tracking ,sleep ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Wissenssoziologie ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,mobile selftracking ,experiment ,knowledge production ,Labor ,knowlegde ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Sociology of Knowledge ,technology ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,Sleep ,laboratory ,Schlaf - Abstract
This article conceptualizes sleep as a social fact. Far from being a simple biological necessity, sleep is imbued with meaning. We argue that in the "knowledge society," science and technology play a key role in producing the social meaning of sleep and in grating validity to certain styles of "sleep knowledge." Paradoxically, in their search for "valid" knowledge, actors turn to science while at the same time science often offers provisional and contested knowledge. In particular, the modern sleep laboratory and mobile self-tracking technologies prove to be epistemically productive. They open up arenas for (experimental) practices that contribute to producing, applying, and legitimizing sleep knowledge. The article traces the historical processes that led to the invention of the modern sleep lab and current mobile technologies and sheds light on the questions of how knowledge about sleep and its disorders is produced, which sleep knowledge people view as valid, and how this attribution of validity is legitimized. Furthermore, the boundaries between sleep lab and society at large are permeable. Scientific knowledge leaves the lab and enters the social stage, which is why the scientific ideal of objectivity directly encounters the prevailing social and subjective knowledge. In addition to providing the conceptual outline for this HSR Special Issue on "Sleep, Knowledge, Technology," the article provides synopses of its nine thematic contributions., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 2 (2023)
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- 2023
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11. Matters of Sleep. Sleep Timing Devices Towards a 'Sleep of Any Time'
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Mewes, Julie Sascia
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Zeit ,Wissenschaftsforschung ,science and technology studies ,Technologie ,Arctic Norway ,Sociology & anthropology ,sleep-wake rhythm ,Arctic ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,time studies ,sleep ,sleep timing devices ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,time ,Norwegen ,sleeping as practice ,praxeography ,Wissenssoziologie ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Sleeping as practice ,Norway ,Nordpolargebiet ,Schichtarbeit ,science studies ,shift work ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Sociology of Knowledge ,technology ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,Schlaf - Abstract
The article focuses on how sleeping as a daily practice is enacted through and besides "timing devices" for Northern Norwegian shift workers managing their sleep in the absence of common sleep-wake rhythms. Hospital staff working night and day shifts above the Arctic Circle are particularly challenged in managing their sleep-wake rhythms due to rotating working hours and contrasting seasons regarding extreme variations in light exposure. It is argued that uncommon sleep routines and subjective meanings of "good" sleep turn sleep from a merely unconscious mundane practice to an important "arena" of daily self-management. The article explores how timing sleep in daily life "comes to matter" within an interwoven network of social, material, environmental, and temporal arrangements. Methodically based on praxeographic participant observation and qualitative interviews with Nordic healthcare professionals, the article explores the socio-technological side of sleep (time). It discusses the notion of a "sleep of any time" building up on former notions of the "sleep of others" (Kroker 2007) and the "sleep of ourselves" (Williams et al. 2015) allowing further analysis of daily sleep timings (un)intentionally detached from common imaginings of "normal" or "natural" sleep-wake rhythms., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 2 (2023)
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- 2023
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12. Sleeping with Strangers - Techno-Intimacies and Side-Affects in a German Sleep Lab
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Vorhölter, Julia
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affect theory ,medicine ,Medizin ,Technologie ,intimacy ,Sociology & anthropology ,Wissensproduktion ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,sleep ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Wissenssoziologie ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,knowledge production ,Intimität ,Labor ,medical technology ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Sociology of Knowledge ,technology ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,Sleep laboratory ,laboratory ,Schlaf - Abstract
This article explores the challenges of knowledge production in a sleep lab. Based on ethnographic research, and drawing on affect theory, I investigate the peculiar mix of cables and care, sensors and senses, "natural" sleep and technological tinkering, intimacy and strangeness that characterize nightly life at the lab. I discuss how the production of relevant knowledge and good therapeutic outcomes depends on the careful co-management of technologies, environments, bodies, personalities, and their various entanglements, which I capture by developing three analytical concepts: intimate space (to think about the sleep lab environment), techno-intimacy (to think about the haptic encounters between technology, bodies, and emotion), and side-affects (to think about the undesired effects of bodyminds on technology). Together, the three concepts bring out how patients’ entanglements with sleep-related technologies and environments evoke intense affects and emotions which incessantly interfere with knowledge production and therapy. In order to bring about "good enough sleep" for "good enough knowledge," trade-offs between natural sleep and techno-medical interruptions abound. As every insomniac knows, sleep resists control. The sleep lab manifests this tension writ large., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 2 (2023)
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- 2023
13. Auf dem Weg zu einer Neuen Aufklärung
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Wilhelm Krull, Anna Luisa Lippold, Corine Pelluchon, Ingo Venzke, Markus Gabriel, Christoph Horn, and Anna Katsman
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future ,life ,Ethik ,value-orientation ,cultural studies ,Wertorientierung ,Umwelt ,Humanities ,sozialer Wandel ,Natur ,Sozialwissenschaft ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,social science ,thinking ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,science ,Gesellschaft ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Kulturwissenschaft ,Leben ,social change ,nature ,Zukunft ,ethics ,Geisteswissenschaft ,Krise ,Geisteswissenschaften ,Handlung ,crisis ,society ,Denken ,ddc:300 ,action ,Wissenschaft ,environment - Abstract
Welche Rolle können die Geisteswissenschaften bei der Gestaltung unserer gemeinsamen Zukunft spielen? Von welchen Werten lassen wir uns im 21. Jahrhundert leiten? Wie können wir das Potenzial der Geisteswissenschaften in einer Zeit vielfältiger Krisen nutzen? Die Autor*innen stellen sich diesen grundlegenden Fragen und verorten die Antworten in einem neuen Verständnis von Geisteswissenschaften, die ihr Denken und ihre Vorstellungskraft an Kriterien einer lebenswerten Zukunft ausrichten. Diese Geisteswissenschaften stellen sich in den Dienst allen Lebens auf unserem Planeten und sind dadurch in der Lage, neu formulierte, verbindliche Werte in die Gesellschaft hineinzutragen und der Zerstörung unserer Umwelt entschlossen entgegenzutreten.
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- 2022
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14. Der agentielle Realismus Karen Barads
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Thomas Nyckel
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Digitalisierung ,Karen Barad ,Realismus ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Medientheorie ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,Agentieller Realismus ,Medien ,Neuer Materialismus ,Diffraktion ,Physik ,Medienphilosophie ,Digitale Medien ,Medienwissenschaft ,Agential Realism ,Media ,New Materialism ,Digitalization ,Diffraction ,Physics ,Media Theory ,Media Philosophy ,Digital Media ,Media Studies ,ddc:300 ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology - Abstract
Mit dem agentiellen Realismus hat Karen Barad eine der einflussreichsten Theorien des neuen Materialismus vorgelegt. In einer akribischen Relektüre entspinnt dieser Band Barads Programm behutsam und mit rigoroser Aufmerksamkeit für feine Details. Die Untersuchung bezieht - anders als bisherige Arbeiten - das baradsche Œuvre in seiner Breite ein und eröffnet neue Zugänge für Auseinandersetzungen mit der agentiell-realistischen Theorie und der diffraktiven Methodologie. Damit werden nicht nur Kenner*innen des agentiellen Realismus angesprochen, sondern auch Interessierte ohne Vorkenntnisse an das Thema herangeführt.
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- 2022
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15. Metagenomics approaches in microbial ecology and research for sustainable agriculture
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Robert Meunier and Saliha Bayir
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Technology (Applied sciences) ,microbial ecology ,basic vs. applied science ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,Technology Assessment ,Political science ,Landwirtschaft ,Sustainable agriculture ,T1-995 ,genetics ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,Technikfolgenabschätzung ,Genetik ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Technology (General) ,agriculture ,H1-99 ,metagenomics ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,life sciences ,Technik, Technologie ,agronomy ,Forestry ,sustainable agriculture ,Social sciences (General) ,neue Technologie ,Metagenomics ,new technology ,ddc:300 ,Biowissenschaft ,Agrarwissenschaft ,ddc:600 - Abstract
Technologies such as next generation sequencing (NGS) are transforming research fields at the methodological, conceptual, and organizational level. They open up new possibilities and bring with them new commitments and inherent limitations. We show from a philosophy of science perspective how NGS-based metagenomics has transformed microbial ecology and, with it, parts of agricultural soil science, which integrate ecological approaches with the aim to inform agricultural practices. We reconstruct agricultural science as design science (sensu Niiniluoto) and describe how the possibilities, commitments, and limitations of metagenomics approaches in microbial ecology shape values, situation assessments, and recommendations for interventions of soil microbiology in the context of sustainable agriculture. Technologien wie Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) transformieren Forschungsfelder auf der methodischen, konzeptionellen und organisatorischen Ebene. Sie eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten, bringen aber auch neue Festlegungen und inhärente Beschränkungen mit sich. Wir zeigen aus wissenschaftsphilosophischer Perspektive wie NGS-basierte Metagenomik die mikrobielle Ökologie und damit auch Teile der agrarwissenschaftlichen Bodenforschung transformiert hat, die ökologische Ansätze integrieren, um landwirtschaftliche Praktiken zu verändern. Wir rekonstruieren die Agrarwissenschaft als Designwissenschaft (sensu Niiniluoto) und beschreiben, wie die Möglichkeiten, Festlegungen und Beschränkungen der metagenomischen Ansätze in der mikrobiellen Ökologie die Werte, Situationsbewertungen und Empfehlungen für Eingriffe der Bodenmikrobiologie im Kontext nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft beeinflussen.
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- 2021
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16. Narratives and Comparisons: Adversaries or Allies in Understanding Science?
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Carrier, Martin, Mertens, Rebecca, Reinhardt, Carsten, Carrier, Martin, Mertens, Rebecca, and Reinhardt, Carsten
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As a powerful tool in the production of knowledge, comparing plays a crucial part in the sciences and the humanities. This volume explores the relationship between comparing and narrating in epistemic practices and clarifies the ways in which narratives enable or impede practices of comparing. It takes into account related activities, such as measuring and classifying, modeling, establishing norms and categories, as well as organizing and popularizing knowledge, to analyze the ambivalent relationship between narratives, scientific explanation, and understanding. The contributions bring out the epistemic role of narratives, and elucidate how narratives are connected to comparisons and scientific explanations.
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- 2022
17. Der agentielle Realismus Karen Barads: Eine medienwissenschaftliche Relektüre und ihre Anwendung auf das Digitale
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Nyckel, Thomas and Nyckel, Thomas
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Mit dem agentiellen Realismus hat Karen Barad eine der einflussreichsten Theorien des neuen Materialismus vorgelegt. In einer akribischen Relektüre entspinnt dieser Band Barads Programm behutsam und mit rigoroser Aufmerksamkeit für feine Details. Die Untersuchung bezieht - anders als bisherige Arbeiten - das baradsche Œuvre in seiner Breite ein und eröffnet neue Zugänge für Auseinandersetzungen mit der agentiell-realistischen Theorie und der diffraktiven Methodologie. Damit werden nicht nur Kenner*innen des agentiellen Realismus angesprochen, sondern auch Interessierte ohne Vorkenntnisse an das Thema herangeführt.
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- 2022
18. Pledge for a transformative science: a conceptual framework
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Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH, Schneidewind, Uwe, Singer-Brodowski, Mandy, Augenstein, Karoline, Stelzer, Franziska, Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH, Schneidewind, Uwe, Singer-Brodowski, Mandy, Augenstein, Karoline, and Stelzer, Franziska
- Abstract
"Transformative science" is a concept that delineates the new role of science for knowledge societies in the age of reflexive modernity. The paper develops the program of a transformative science, which goes beyond observing and analyzing societal transformations, but rather takes an active role in initiating and catalyzing change processes. The aim of transformative science is to achieve a deeper understanding of ongoing transformations and increased societal capacity for reflexivity with regard to these fundamental change processes. The concept of transformative science is grounded in an experimental paradigm, which has implications for (1) research, (2) education and learning, and (3) institutional structures and change in the science system. The article develops the theoretical foundations of the concept of transformative science and spells out the concrete implications in these three dimensions.
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- 2022
19. Ein Fall für alle Fälle: Rezension zu 'Model Cases: On Canonical Research Objects and Sites' von Monika Krause
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Döpking, Lars and Döpking, Lars
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Monika Krause: Model Cases: On Canonical Research Objects and Sites. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press 2021. 978-0-226-78083-2
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- 2022
20. Chirale Welten: Zur Wissenschaftssoziologie des disziplinären Wandels der Chemie
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Lang, Sandra and Lang, Sandra
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Die Chemie büßt zugunsten physikalischer und lebenswissenschaftlicher Konzeptionen zunehmend an Deutungsmacht über die molekulare Welt ein. Die Autorin untersucht, inwiefern die Ausdifferenzierung der chemischen Wissenschaften mit sich ebenfalls ausdifferenzierenden Zugriffen auf das Molekulare zusammenhängt. Anhand der vier exemplarischen Grenzfelder Materialwissenschaften, Biomedizin, Pharmazie und Quantenchemie und deren Narrative zur molekularen Eigenschaft der Chiralität veranschaulicht sie die transformative Phase der Chemie angesichts sich wandelnder Innovationsdispositive.
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- 2022
21. Practices of Comparing: Towards a New Understanding of a Fundamental Human Practice
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Epple, Angelika, Erhart, Walter, Grave, Johannes, Epple, Angelika, Erhart, Walter, and Grave, Johannes
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Practices of comparing shape how we perceive, organize, and change the world. Supposedly innocent, practices of comparing play a decisive role in forming categories, boundaries, and hierarchies; but they can also give an impetus to question and change such structures. Like almost no other human practice, comparing pervades all social, political, economic, and cultural spheres. This volume outlines the program of a new research agenda that places comparative practices at the center of an interdisciplinary exploration. Its contributions combine case studies with overarching systematic considerations. They show what insights can be gained and which further questions arise when one makes a seemingly trivial practice - comparing - the subject of in-depth research.
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- 2022
22. Case Study Research in Kenya and South Korea: Reflexivity and Ethical Dilemmas
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Nissen, Aleydis and Nissen, Aleydis
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Reflexivity increases the reliability of qualitative research studies and can fuel conversations as to how field researchers make judgments of complex challenges that are simultaneous of a practical, scientific and ethical nature. In this paper, I will reflect on the collection of empirical data for two case studies on the role of the European Union in the regulation and remediation of labour rights violations in the Kenyan floriculture industry and the South Korean electronics industry. This paper has two intertwined objectives. First, this paper explores reflexivity on my research experience and the use of methods in empirical fieldwork. Second, this paper questions the Anglo-American elements of my research, which had been reinforced by my School's Research Ethics Committee. I explain how the contexts of research institutions and research participants can starkly differ and may not always be attuned to each other. I suggest that awareness of and training in "positive ethics" might be useful to deal with such issues.
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- 2022
23. New Area Studies as an Emerging Discipline: The Way Ahead for Southeast Asian Studies
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Houben, Vincent, Macamo, Elísio, Guillermo, Ramon, Houben, Vincent, Macamo, Elísio, and Guillermo, Ramon
- Abstract
Southeast Asian Studies and Area Studies have a rather weak position in German academia, according to Vincent Houben, due to internal, but especially external institutional factors, with universities being part of a neoliberal machinery. As a field of study, Area Studies is more financially vulnerable than a discipline, and constantly has to prove itself academically, which is why Houben calls for a disciplinary reinvention as a singular New Area Studies. Area Studies already has most of the important characteristics that make a discipline, but lacks the necessary coherence. Houben proposes the advancement of middle-range theories and Situational Analysis as a meta-methodology to solve this issue and draws attention to the importance of cooperation among scholars. Ramon Guillermo and Elísio Macamo offer different perspectives on this proposal. Guillermo criticises Houben's piece as being too rooted in an internal Western conversation that reflects power relations in Southeast Asian Studies. Similarly, Macamo warns against exerting Western dominance through an approach such as Houben's, while also arguing that the interdisciplinary integration of Area Studies has actually given it significant symbolic capital.
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- 2022
24. Area Studies and Disciplines: What Disciplines and What Areas?
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Derichs, Claudia, Heryanto, Ariel, Abraham, Itty, Derichs, Claudia, Heryanto, Ariel, and Abraham, Itty
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In her piece, Claudia Derichs offers critical thoughts on how the scientific and academic landscape is organised according to disciplines, methods, areas and such. She questions the refusal to recognise Area Studies as a (sub-)discipline, drawing attention to the fluidity and dynamics of disciplines and their categorisation. Regarding the definition of areas, an argument is made about their constructedness, which makes a transversal perspective all the more important. To achieve this, language proficiency and academic cooperation are deemed crucial. The lack of South–North theory transfer in Area Studies is furthermore questioned. Ariel Heryanto and Itty Abraham further expand on the debate of Area Studies vs. disciplines by arguing that Area Studies in the respective areas is homologous to disciplines in the metropolises, which are centred on the nation-state as an area. However, doubts are cast that the recognition of Area Studies as a discipline would resolve the issue of a global division of intellectual labour, which results in unequal privileges regarding knowledge production.
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- 2022
25. Doing research in the Global South: Exploring research ethics and their transformative potential
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Larjosto, Vilja, Knaps, Falco, Abassiharofteh, Milad, Göb, Angelina, Baier, Jessica, Eberth, Andreas, Zebner, Fabiana, Thimm, Insa, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Tuitjer, Leonie, Larjosto, Vilja, Knaps, Falco, Abassiharofteh, Milad, Göb, Angelina, Baier, Jessica, Eberth, Andreas, Zebner, Fabiana, Thimm, Insa, ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, and Tuitjer, Leonie
- Abstract
At the conference on 'Spatial Transformation: Processes, Concepts and Research Designs', a number of local and regional case studies from spatial research were presented alongside research papers about transformation processes conducted in the so-called Global South. This short article offers a reflection on the role of research ethics and their potentially transformative power within such contexts. First, the article argues that within research projects conducted by researchers from the socalled Global North in the Global South, a critical self-reflection of ones' own position is necessary, as the researcher will inevitably be confronted with various ethical, logistical, and political challenges. Second, it is argued that it is precisely these challenges that enable critical self-reflection and the development of a transformative potential at the personal, institutional, project and output level. Research on spatial transformations may benefit from such ethico-political moments as those proposed by the social scientist Vinay Gidwani to achieve a deeper level of ethical self-reflection and perhaps a transformation on the level of knowledge production.
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- 2022
26. Der wissenschaftliche Wille zur Wahrheit: Rezension zu 'Epistemische Tugenden: Zur Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konzepts' von Andreas Gelhard, Ruben Hackler und Sandro Zanetti (Hg.)
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Gelfert, Axel and Gelfert, Axel
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Andreas Gelhard, Ruben Hackler, Sandro Zanetti (Hrsg.): Epistemische Tugenden - Zur Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konzepts. Historische Wissensforschung, Bd. 11. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2019. 978-3-16-154072-1
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- 2022
27. Reflections on Critical New Area Studies - in Conversation with Prof. Dr. Peter Jackson (Interview)
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Fleschenberg, Andrea, Jackson, Peter A., Fleschenberg, Andrea, and Jackson, Peter A.
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Prof.Dr. Peter A. Jackson (Australian National University) has written extensively on modern Thai cultural history with special interests in religion, sexuality, and critical theoretical approaches to mainland Southeast Asian cultural history. He currently holds an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant for the project "Religion, Ritual and Health in Thai Gay and Transgender Communities"!. His article "South East Asian Area Studies beyond Anglo-America: Geopolitical Transitions, the Neoliberal Academy and Spatialized Regimes of Knowledge", published 2019 in South East Asia Research 27(1), pp. 49-73, was the starting point for this interview on his reflections on New Area Studies.
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- 2022
28. Ein revisionärer Realismus: Rezension zu 'Die Kraft der Revision. Epistemologie, Politik und Ethik bei Donna Haraway' von Katharina Hoppe
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Grillmayr, Julia and Grillmayr, Julia
- Abstract
Katharina Hoppe: Die Kraft der Revision - Epistemologie, Politik und Ethik bei Donna Haraway. Frankfurt am Main: Campus 2021. 9783593513546
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- 2022
29. New Area Studies, Scientific Communities and Knowledge Production
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Rehbein, Boike, Kamal, Ahsan, Asif, Manan Ahmed, Rehbein, Boike, Kamal, Ahsan, and Asif, Manan Ahmed
- Abstract
In his commentary, Boike Rehbein questions the hegemony that the Global North maintains over the theory and philosophy of science and calls for an epistemological and disciplinary reinvention. The scientific discourse needs to move away from binaries such as global-national and universalism-relativism, as they are misleading in their exclusivity. Rather, Rehbein calls for a multicentric epistemology informed by local sources, perspectives and theories. Area Studies is identified as a key arena of such an epistemological shift, reinventing itself by becoming increasingly comparative and translocal in scope, as well as inter-/trans- or multidisciplinary. In this context, the values and challenges of cooperation in Area Studies are highlighted. Ahsan Kamal praises Rehbein's approach as a concrete contribution to decolonising Area Studies and knowledge production, but urges a constant questioning of the location of the North and South, the authenticity of what is deemed the "local", and the beneficiaries of this new form of knowledge production. Manan Ahmed Asif considers that despite progress being made and Rehbein's approach having important ethical value, colonialism is still deeply inscribed in Area Studies, as the Global North continues to control the material, financial and organisational resources.
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- 2022
30. UN-Konventionen als ethische Bezugsrahmen für Forschungserfahrungen
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Franz, Julia, Unterkofler, Ursula, Jakob, Silke, Franz, Julia, Unterkofler, Ursula, and Jakob, Silke
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- 2022
31. L'umano e il suo cervello redux: riflessioni dal fronte
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Alì, Maurizio and Alì, Maurizio
- Abstract
A causa della crisi sanitaria globale provocata dall’epidemia da COVID-19, per quasi due anni abbiamo vissuto in uno stato d’emergenza sociopolitica accompagnato da restrizioni alla mobilità, nuove norme igieniche e distanziamento sociale. Il regime di lockdown ha imposto per vari mesi, nella maggior parte dei paesi del mondo, la chiusura delle scuole e delle Università (e l’impiego di dispositivi di didattica a distanza e continuità degli insegnamenti). Il prezzo da pagare è stato particolarmente alto: i ricercatori dell’Organizzazione per la cooperazione e lo sviluppo economico hanno stimato che, durante i primi 9 mesi di crisi sanitaria (marzo-dicembre 2020) avevamo già perso più di 200 milioni d’anni d’apprendimento (Hanuschek e Woessmann, 2020). Il mondo dell’educazione ne ha profondamente sofferto e un nuovo programma di ricerche si è rapidamente sviluppato, volto questa volta a comprendere le dinamiche educative in tale nuovo contesto così come l’impatto che ha avuto la pandemia sulla salute mentale della comunità educativa. È questa, dunque, la ragione del redux nel titolo di questo contributo. Così come i reduci tornano dal fronte, con queste pagine vorrei tornare su un tema che ho già avuto l’opportunità di introdurre per riproporlo alla luce degli interrogativi posti dalla crisi sanitaria (un vero e proprio campo di battaglia). L’obiettivo è di sintetizzare alcune considerazioni riguardo i più recenti sviluppi del dialogo che intrattengono le scienze umane e sociali e le neuroscienze al fine di riesaminare la logica soggiacente alle ricerche in ambito educativo e proporre nuovi scenari.
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- 2022
32. Lessings Unruhe: Der Streit um die Wahrheit und seine Bestreitung
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Rebentisch, Juliane and Rebentisch, Juliane
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- 2022
33. Der Stand der Dinge zur forschungsethischen Begutachtung in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Forschenden
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Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Strobel, Anja, Zeiler, Anne, Schaar, Katrin, Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Strobel, Anja, Zeiler, Anne, and Schaar, Katrin
- Abstract
Bei der Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Forschungsprojekten spielen auch ethische Gesichtspunkte eine Rolle: Forschung sollte möglichst weder für Teilnehmende an Forschungsprojekten noch für die Gesellschaft negative Folgen haben. Zunehmend werden durch nationale und internationale wissenschaftliche Zeitschriften Nachweise über eine forschungsethische Begutachtung gefordert. Eine in der 7. Berufungsperiode des RatSWD neu eingesetzte "Arbeitsgruppe Forschungsethik" hat im Frühjahr 2021 eine bundesweite systematische Erhebung bei mehr als 1000 Forschenden verschiedener Statusgruppen aus vom RatSWD vertretenen Disziplinen durchgeführt, um deren Unterstützungsbedarfe für die forschungsethische Begutachtung ihrer Forschungsvorhaben zu ermitteln. Die Auswertung ergab, dass mehr als 60 Prozent der Befragten einen regelmäßigen oder gelegentlichen Bedarf für eine forschungsethische Begutachtung hat. Überwiegend können sich diese Forschenden auch an für sie zuständige Ethikkommissionen wenden, wobei dies fachspezifisch sehr variiert: Aus dem Bereich Psychologie können sich 90 Prozent der Befragten an eine Ethikkommission wenden, in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften bzw. dem Bereich der Kulturwissenschaften, Ethnologie und Religionswissenschaften sind es lediglich 53 bzw. 60 Prozent. Als unterstützend für den Aufbau von Ethikkommissionen wurden in erster Linie Vorlagen und Beispiele für den Begutachtungsprozess beurteilt, aber auch formale Informationen, z. B. zur personellen Zusammensetzung einer Kommission, zur Ausarbeitung einer möglichen Geschäftsordnung oder zu grundlegenden Fragen von Begutachtungsrelevanz von Forschung oder Entscheidungskriterien von Kommissionen. Sofern bereits Ethikkommissionen etabliert sind, wünschen sich Forschende Vorlagen und Unterlagen für die Erstellung von Anträgen sowie Informationen zu Begutachtungsprozessen. Auch datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte wurden thematisiert, die in Ergänzung zu forschungsethischen Fragen zu beachten sind. Die Ergebnisse
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- 2022
34. Review: Julia Franz & Ursula Unterkofler (Hrsg.) (2021). Forschungsethik in der Sozialen Arbeit: Prinzipien und Erfahrungen; Theorie, Forschung und Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit
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Rosenberger, Veronika and Rosenberger, Veronika
- Abstract
In the anthology presented here, the research ethics code adopted by the German Society for Social Work in 2020 is placed at the center of debate. The code is regarded as an ethical guideline, oriented towards United Nations conventions, to guide researchers to reflect on their own work in self-commitment and responsibility, and to apply for a clearance report from an ethics committee. The authors discuss the ethical principles of the code and the dilemmas arising from contradictions in a multi-faceted, practical, and solution-oriented way. An overview of different field approaches is provided and orientation for the realization of a research process is given. Universal, step-by-step guidance for specific fields is not given in this text. Instead, with a wealth of illustrative practical examples, possibilities and needs for further development are pointed out and guidance is given for finding an ethical implementation in the respective concrete projects., In dem hier besprochenen Sammelband wird der im Jahr 2020 von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziale Arbeit verabschiedete Forschungsethikkodex in den Mittelpunkt der Diskussion gestellt. Der Kodex gilt als ethische, an UN-Konventionen orientierte Richtlinie, um Forschende anzuleiten, in Selbstverpflichtung und -verantwortung ihre eigene Arbeit zu reflektieren und ein Unbedenklichkeitsgutachten bei einer Ethikkommission zu beantragen. Die Autor*innen besprechen in ihren Beiträgen die ethischen Prinzipien des Kodex und die durch Widersprüche entstehenden Dilemmata facettenreich, praxisnah und lösungsorientiert. Es wird ein Überblick über verschiedene Feldzugänge geboten und Orientierung zur Realisierung eines Forschungsprozesses gegeben. Eine universelle, schrittweise Anleitung für spezifische Felder wird hinsichtlich der Bandbreite möglicher Fälle der Sozialen Arbeit in der vorliegenden Publikation nicht geleistet. Stattdessen werden mit einer Fülle an anschaulichen Praxisbeispielen Möglichkeiten und Weiterentwicklungsbedarfe aufgezeigt und es wird zur Findung einer ethischen Umsetzung in den je konkreten Projekten angeleitet.
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- 2022
35. Antropologia e neuroscienze: l'umano e il suo cervello
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Peluso Cassese, Francesco, Alì, Maurizio, Peluso Cassese, Francesco, and Alì, Maurizio
- Abstract
Le scienze, come altri campi dell’attività umana, sono spesso vittime di pregiudizi. Tradizionalmente, il discorso stereotipato di certi mass media e generatori d’opinione ha sviluppato e diffuso un’immagine banalizzata e poco realista della ricerca scientifica, contribuendo ad accrescere il divario che separa le scienze umane e sociali (come l’antropologia) dalle scienze esatte e naturali (come le neuroscienze). Eppure, tale divario si è costruito artificialmente e poco ha a che vedere con la realtà oggettiva e con la quotidianità dei ricercatori: si ha spesso la tendenza ad associare gli scienziati sociali ai flâneurs, passeggiatori che attraversano le culture, osservando e sistematizzando -più o meno soggettivamente- strutture e logiche sociali quando invece i “veri” scienziati, quelli in camice bianco, sono tendenzialmente associati ad un immaginario asettico fatto di macchinari, tecnologia e strumenti di precisione atti a garantire l’oggettività del loro lavoro. Una menzogna ben orchestrata, questa, che non rende merito al processo dialogico che ha permesso ad entrambi i versanti della scienza (quella “molle”, delle scienze umane e sociali, e quella “dura”, delle scienze esatte e naturali) di costruire quel sapere polifonico che costituisce la nostra modernità. Quest'intervento vuole dunque contribuire a mostrare come l’antropologia e le neuroscienze, andrebbero considerate come due discipline “amiche” che, sin dalle origini, si son stimolate a vicenda, dato che condividono temi e metodi di ricerca.
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- 2022
36. Anmerkungen zu den vielfältigen Dimensionen einer Forschungsethik in den Sozial-, Verhaltens- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Wagner, Gert G., Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), and Wagner, Gert G.
- Abstract
Das vorliegende Working Paper reflektiert die Erarbeitung forschungsethischer Empfehlungen des Rates für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), die unter https://www.ratswd.de/dl/RatSWD_Output9_Forschungsethik.pdf zu finden sind. Der RatSWD beziehungsweise die von ihm eingesetzte Arbeitsgruppe (AG) hat sich auf die ethischen Aspekte des Forschungsprozesses im engeren Sinnen beschränkt, also insbesondere auf die der Gewinnung von Daten, und etliche weitere forschungsethische Aspekte nur knapp genannt oder ganz ausgeklammert. Deswegen versucht das vorliegende Papier, einen knappen Überblick über das gesamte Feld der Forschungsethik zu geben. Nicht zuletzt auch, weil die vom RatSWD empfohlene intensivere Selbstprüfung des Forschungsprozesses durch die Forschenden selbst für alle Felder der Forschungsethik von großer Bedeutung ist.
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- 2022
37. What Drives Academic Data Sharing?
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Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Fecher, Benedikt, Friesike, Sascha, Hebing, Marcel, Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Fecher, Benedikt, Friesike, Sascha, and Hebing, Marcel
- Abstract
Despite widespread support from policy makers, funding agencies, and scientific journals, academic researchers rarely make their research data available to others. At the same time, data sharing in research is attributed a vast potential for scientific progress. It allows the reproducibility of study results and the reuse of old data for new research questions. Based on a systematic review of 98 scholarly papers and an empirical survey among 603 secondary data users, we develop a conceptual framework that explains the process of data sharing from the primary researcher's point of view. We show that this process can be divided into six descriptive categories: Data donor, research organization, research community, norms, data infrastructure, and data recipients . Drawing from our findings, we discuss theoretical implications regarding knowledge creation and dissemination as well as research policy measures to foster academic collaboration. We conclude that research data cannot be regarded a knowledge commons, but research policies that better incentivize data sharing are needed to improve the quality of research results and foster scientific progress.
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- 2022
38. Pragmatische Ethik: Kritik und Praxis des Wissensformats 'Ethik-Antrag' für die Ethnografie
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Heibges, Maren and Heibges, Maren
- Abstract
Formalisierte Ethik-Begutachtungen durchlaufen zu müssen wird für deutschsprachige Ethnograf*innen zunehmend zur Realität - trotz theoretischer wie forschungspraktischer Kritik an diesem Wissensformat. Dieser Beitrag macht Vorschläge dazu, wie Ethik-Verfahren für Ethnograf*innen formell erfolgreich, aber auch paradigmatisch sinnvoll absolviert werden können. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Wahrung der forschungsethischen Kernprinzipien von Selbstbestimmung und Schadensvermeidung durch die Berücksichtigung situationsangemessener Privatsphäre-Erwartungen, eine strukturierte Anonymisierung und ein auf Datentrennung und Verschlüsselungen setzendes Forschungsdatenmanagement., The obligation to complete formal ethics-reviews is becoming increasingly common for German language ethnographers. This is happening despite persisting theoretical and practical criticism of such reviews. Suggestions to pass ethics review boards both formally successful and through measures that make sense paradigmatically are being discussed. For ethnographic research, it is proposed to uphold the central principles in research-ethics (autonomy and nonmaleficence) by safeguarding situation-appropriate privacy-expectations, through structured anonymity measures and through a data-management that relies on separate and encrypted research materials.
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- 2022
39. Anonymer Tanz als dekolonialisierende Praxis: Ein Embodied-Research Versuch
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Helm, Paula and Helm, Paula
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Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, wie mit Hilfe von anonymen Tanz Wissen über Körper, Selbst und Andere produziert, in Frage gestellt und erfahrbar werden kann. Dazu wird mit dem Konzept des embodied research gearbeitet, bei dem nicht nur über den Tanz geforscht wird, sondern durch das Tanzen. Tanzen ist hier nicht nur Forschungsgegenstand. Tanzen ist Forschung. Hierzu wird auf drei unterschiedliche Movement Research Workshops Bezug genommen: Blind Contact Dance, Dark-Room Contact Improvisation und Embodied Rebellion (becoming uncivilized). In Hinsicht auf diese drei Workshops werden unterschiedliche Auslegungsweisen der Rolle von Anonymität im Tanz einander gegenübergestellt. Anonymität als Selbstfindung, Anonymität als Dekonstruktion und Anonymität als verkörperte Rebellion. Die Idee von Tanz als Rebellion wird abschließend eingehender diskutiert, denn die Rebellion, um die es hier geht, ist insofern von ethico-politischer Bedeutung, dass sie sich gegen Schamgrenzen richtet, welche als Resultat und Katalysator heteronormativer sowie (post)kolonialer Unterdrückungsregime verstanden werden., The essay explores how anonymous dance can be used to produce, question, and experience knowledge about the body, self, and other. To this end, the concept of embodied research is being applied. Here, dance is not only understood as research subject, but as research method. Dancing is research. To this end, reference will be made to three different Movement Research Workshops: Blind Contact Dance, Dark-Room Contact Improvisation and Embodied Rebellion (becoming uncivilized). With respect to these three workshops, different interpretations of the role of anonymity in dance are being contrasted. Anonymity as self-discovery, anonymity as deconstruction and anonymity as embodied rebellion. The idea of anonymous dance as rebellion will be discussed in more detail in conclusion, because the rebellion at stake here is of ethico-political significance in that it is directed against feelings of shame, which are understood to be result and catalyst of heteronormative and as well as (post)colonial regimes of oppression.
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- 2022
40. Einführung: Anonymität - Wissen gestalten durch Nicht-Wissen
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Helm, Paula and Helm, Paula
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- 2022
41. Crossing the Digital Divide: Monism, Dualism and the Reason Collective Action is Critical for Cyber Theory Production
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Whyte, Christopher and Whyte, Christopher
- Abstract
In studying topics in cyber conflict and cyber-security governance, scholars must ask - arguably more so than has been the case with any other emergent research agenda - where the epistemological and ontological value of different methods lies. This article describes the unique, dual methodological challenges inherent in the multifaceted program on global cyber-security and asks how problematic they are for scholarly efforts to construct knowledge about digital dynamics in world affairs. I argue that any answer to this question will vary depending on how one perceives the social science enterprise. While traditional dualistic perspectives on social science imply unique challenges for researcher, a monistic perspective of Weberian objectivity does not. Regardless of one's perspective, however, the most important steps to be taken at the level of the research program are clearly those focused on constructing the trappings of community. To this end, I outline steps that might be taken to develop a range of community-building and -supporting mechanisms that can simultaneously support a micro-foundational approach to research and expose community elements to one another. Doing this stands to better opportunities for the production of knowledge and direct researchers towards fruitful avenues whilst shortening gaps between the ivory tower and the real world.
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- 2022
42. Proposals for a permanent institutional guarantee of the official informational infrastructure in Germany
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Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Hahlen, Johann, Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), and Hahlen, Johann
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- 2022
43. A psicologia experimenterende de Kierkegaard como resposta à psychologia empirica e à experimentelle psychologie
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Natalia Mendes Teixeira and Natalia Mendes Teixeira
- Abstract
The question about the object, method, and nature of Psychology in the first half of the 19th century received three proposals: the first, presented by Christian Wolff, appealed to the conciliation between the Psychologia Rationalis and the Psychologia Empirica based on the process of Experimentalphysik and in the Principle of Sufficient Reason; the second, proposed a shift towards Physiology this proposal was responsible for establishing the Psychology as an independent Science; the third offers an existential approach to mental phenomena. We argue that the project of Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) presents a Psychology Experimenterende as a response to Psychologia Empirica and the Experimentelle Psychologie.
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- 2022
44. As três fases do problema da demarcação
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Carvalho, Robson and Carvalho, Robson
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This article seeks to achieve two goals. First, to present a panoramic analysis of the three main contemporary conceptions about the demarcation problem. Traditionally, the demarcation problem has intended to conceptually delimit the boundaries between "science", "non-science" and/or "pseudoscience" via criteria and definitions of science or scientificity. This issue - mainly in the 20th century, but not only – was present as one of the great intellectual challenges of the philosophy of science and in related areas. Indeed, our analysis has produced a division that selects three main phases, namely, optimistic perspectives, pessimistic perspectives, and, so to speak, hybrid perspectives. In light of this context, and in order to support the general architecture of the article, two authors from each phase were chosen for a schematic analysis. Second, this article seeks, in the end, to argue that the problem of demarcation is better understood and answered if characterized as more than an exclusively methodological and epistemological problem, that is, in this sense it would also be a value-added problem with political, social and therefore, practical. We termed it the dual dimension of the demarcation problem. Furthermore, we highlight that our emphasis on this interpretation is essentially in accordance with the defense made by the third approach analyzed in this paper. In the end, we defend that the third conception outlined here is a comparatively better alternative than the others.
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- 2022
45. Kritik & Freundlichkeit
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Cremer-Schäfer, Helga and Cremer-Schäfer, Helga
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Die Autorin greift in ihrem Beitrag Bertolt Brechts Begriff der "Freundlichkeit" auf, der in der Wissenschaft, wie auch der Sozialen Arbeit im Unterschied zu Parteilichkeit und Solidarität sehr selten als eine "Haltung" oder Form der Genossenschaft von Ungleichen thematisiert wird. Sie legt dar, wie dieser Begriff von Freundlichkeit nicht nur Kritik institutionalisierter Herrschaft voraussetzt, sondern zugleich auch Bedingung dafür ist, dass in "finsteren Zeiten" wissenschaftliches und alltägliches Befreiungswissen sich nicht verflüchtigt. In dieser Weise sucht sie Freundlichkeit als ein Arbeitsbündnis zu verstehen, das einigermaßen vernünftige Interaktionen zwischen Ungleichen ermöglicht.
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- 2022
46. The 'Normative Structure' of Social Science: Merton's Ideas as a Story of Success and Side Effects
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Hillmert, Steffen and Hillmert, Steffen
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Based on available literature, this essay looks at trends in scholarly attitudes and academic practices, primarily within the sphere of social sciences, and asks whether they have been in line with Robert K. Merton’s institutional principles of science as they were formulated in his famous essay "The Normative Structure of Science." This essay argues that these principles have not been fully implemented but have become increasingly recognised and widely accepted as normative points of reference also in large parts of the social sciences. However, there have been both marked deviations and significant side effects. Given the internal heterogeneity of a discipline like sociology, practices that selectively interpret the Merton principles may add to existing internal cleavages.
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- 2022
47. Book review: Ratti, Emanuele; Stapleford, Thomas (eds.) (2022): Science, technology, and virtues
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Gondolf, Janine and Gondolf, Janine
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- 2022
48. Meeting report: 'Privatsphäre, Datenschutz, Gemeinwohl: Ethische, rechtliche und soziale Herausforderungen der Nutzung von Gesundheitsdaten für die Forschung'; Conference, 2022, Karlsruhe, DE (hybrid)
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Baumann, Martina, Maia, Maria, Weinberger, Nora, Baumann, Martina, Maia, Maria, and Weinberger, Nora
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- 2022
49. Auf dem Weg zu einer Neuen Aufklärung: Ein Plädoyer für zukunftsorientierte Geisteswissenschaften
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Gabriel, Markus, Horn, Christoph, Katsman, Anna, Krull, Wilhelm, Lippold, Anna Luisa, Pelluchon, Corine, Venzke, Ingo, Gabriel, Markus, Horn, Christoph, Katsman, Anna, Krull, Wilhelm, Lippold, Anna Luisa, Pelluchon, Corine, and Venzke, Ingo
- Abstract
Welche Rolle können die Geisteswissenschaften bei der Gestaltung unserer gemeinsamen Zukunft spielen? Von welchen Werten lassen wir uns im 21. Jahrhundert leiten? Wie können wir das Potenzial der Geisteswissenschaften in einer Zeit vielfältiger Krisen nutzen? Die Autor*innen stellen sich diesen grundlegenden Fragen und verorten die Antworten in einem neuen Verständnis von Geisteswissenschaften, die ihr Denken und ihre Vorstellungskraft an Kriterien einer lebenswerten Zukunft ausrichten. Diese Geisteswissenschaften stellen sich in den Dienst allen Lebens auf unserem Planeten und sind dadurch in der Lage, neu formulierte, verbindliche Werte in die Gesellschaft hineinzutragen und der Zerstörung unserer Umwelt entschlossen entgegenzutreten.
- Published
- 2022
50. Feministisch Wissen schaffen: Erreichtes, in Arbeit und immer noch zu tun
- Author
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Patricia Graf and Gesine Fuchs
- Subjects
feminism ,Stereotyp ,Wissensproduktion ,cognitive interest ,Wissenschaftstheorie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie, Wissenschaftslogik, Ethik der Sozialwissenschaften ,050602 political science & public administration ,gender relations ,Philosophy of Science, Theory of Science, Methodology, Ethics of the Social Sciences ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,science ,Erkenntnisinteresse ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,scientific scene ,Methode ,Feminismus ,05 social sciences ,Erkenntnistheorie ,Wissenschaftsbetrieb ,epistemology ,knowledge production ,methodology ,Methodologie ,0506 political science ,Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung ,050903 gender studies ,method ,ddc:300 ,Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies ,Wissenschaft ,Geschlechterverhältnis ,0509 other social sciences ,stereotype - Abstract
Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Methoden in ihrer Vielfalt und ihrem Verknupfungspotenzial bilden das innere Gerust jeder Forschung und bestimmen in hohem Mase mit, welche Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden konnen. Ein integraler Bestandteil feministischer Wissenschaft ist die Reflexion daruber, was warum als gultiges Wissen gelten soll (Epistemologie), die Theorie und Analyse daruber, wie mit Forschung Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden sollen (Methodologie) und schlieslich mit welchen konkreten Forschungswerkzeugen die Fragestellungen bearbeitet werden konnen (Methoden). Diese Einleitung resumiert, dass Epistemologien und Methodologien ein klares feministisches Profil haben konnen, jedoch grundsatzlich alle Forschungsmethoden fur ein feministisches Erkenntnisinteresse und zur Analyse struktureller Ungleichheitsverhaltnisse eingesetzt werden konnen. Mixed-Methods-Designs konnen hier hilfreich sein und erfreuen sich zunehmender Popularitat. Auch das Aufkommen von Mixed-Method-Designs konnte aber bisher das Spannungsverhaltnis zwischen qualitativen und quantitativen Forschungslogiken nicht auflosen, was auch den Logiken des Wissenschaftsbetriebs geschuldet ist. Eine kritische Perspektive auf Wissenschaft, die Politikwissenschaft eingeschlossen, muss auch die Vergabepraxen von Forschungsforderorganisationen, weiter bestehende Geschlechterstereotypen in Forschungsdesigns und bei Karrieren (Berufungen, Denominationen, Publikationsnormen) auf den Prufstand stellen, welche eine feministische Praxis im Wissenschaftsbetrieb bremsen konnen. Schlagworte: Wissenschaft, Feministische Kritik, Geschlechterstereotyp ----- Creating Knowledge the Feminist Way: The Achieved, the Ongoing and the Yet-to-do Abstract Methods in their diversity and their potential for interconnection form the inner framework of any research and determine to a large extent which knowledge may be obtained. An integral part of feminist scholarship is the reflection on what should be considered valid knowledge and why (epistemology), the theory and analysis on how research should gain knowledge (methodology) and finally how to specifically address concrete research questions (methods). This introduction concludes that epistemologies and methodologies can have a clear feminist profile, whereas every research method can be used for a feminist research interest as well as for the analysis of structural relations of inequality. Although mixed-methods designs are increasingly popular, they have not yet been able to resolve the tension between qualitative and quantitative research logics. A critical perspective on (political) science must also scrutinize the awarding practices of research funding organizations, continued gender stereotypes in research designs and in careers (appointments, denominations, publication norms), which can effectively put the brakes on feminist practice in the world of science. Keywords: science, feminist critique, gender stereotype ----- Bibliographie: Fuchs, Gesine/Graf, Patricia: Feministisch Wissen schaffen: Erreichtes, in Arbeit und immer noch zu tun, Femina Politica – Zeitschrift fur feministische Politikwissenschaft, 1-2021, S. 9-16. https://doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v30i1.02
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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