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2. グリーンマイニングのための廃水処理中の重金属分配の理解と表面錯体モデリング : ザンビア国カッパーベルト地帯を例に [論文内容及び審査の要旨]

Author

Phiri, Cryton, 佐藤, 努, 廣吉, 直樹, 富山, 眞吾, 大竹, 翼, and エラクネス, ヨガラジャ

Abstract

(主査) 教授 佐藤 努, 教授 廣吉 直樹, 客員教授 富山 眞吾, 准教授 大竹 翼, 准教授 エラクネス ヨガラジャ, 工学院（環境循環システム専攻）

Published
2021

5. Understanding of geochemical partitioning and surface complexation modeling of heavy metals during treatment of mine drainage for green mining : Case study of the Zambian Copperbelt [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review]

Author

佐藤, 努, 廣吉, 直樹, 富山, 眞吾, 大竹, 翼, エラクネス, ヨガラジャ, Phiri, Cryton, 佐藤, 努, 廣吉, 直樹, 富山, 眞吾, 大竹, 翼, エラクネス, ヨガラジャ, and Phiri, Cryton

Published
2021

6. Geochemical behaviour of heavy metals in sludge effluents and solid deposits on the Zambian Copperbelt : Implication for effluent treatment and sludge reuse

Author

Phiri, Cryton, Shimazui, Daiki, 1000080544105, Otake, Tsubasa, 1000050832854, Kikuchi, Ryosuke, Chintu, Isaac, Chirwa, Meki, Kalaba, Lawrence, Nyambe, Imasiku, 1000010313636, Sato, Tsutomu, Phiri, Cryton, Shimazui, Daiki, 1000080544105, Otake, Tsubasa, 1000050832854, Kikuchi, Ryosuke, Chintu, Isaac, Chirwa, Meki, Kalaba, Lawrence, Nyambe, Imasiku, 1000010313636, and Sato, Tsutomu

Abstract

Sludge effluents and solid deposits generated from the conventional lime treatment processes on the Zambian Copperbelt have led to reports of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) contamination into the nearby water bodies. To better understand the behaviour of the metals; partitioning, adsorption and their specific binding forms were studied through sequential extraction, batch adsorption experiments and surface complexation modeling (SCM). Results of mineral composition analyses indicated that micas, kaolinite, quartz and feldspar are abundant with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) precipitates that formed as a result of the weathering of biotite grains existing as grain surface coating. Sequential extractionrevealed that Cu and Co metals are partitioned in the order of: exchangeable (F1: 600-1500 mg/kg Cu; 100-200 mg/kg Co), acid-soluble (F2: 2200-5500 mg/kg Cu; 190-220 mg/kg Co) and reducible fraction (F3: 2200-5500 mg/kg Cu; 260-300 mg/kg Co). Metals in F1 are hosted by kaolinite, F2 by both kaolinite and HFO whereas in F3 by dominantly HFO. Equal Cu concentration between F2 and F3 is due to both the limited amount of HFO (i.e. 5-10 g/kg) and desorption of loosely adsorbed Cu and Co metals to HFO surfaces. Batch adsorption experiments revealed adsorption as the dominant metal retention mechanism. According to modeling predictions, HFO sites are the dominant metal adsorption sites. At HFO site; >(s)FeOCo+, Co showed adsorption decrease from 40% in single system to 25% in binary system between pH 7 - 7.5 due to metal competition for adsorption sites. The high Cu concentration (i.e. 0.5-1.1% Cu) displaced low Co (i.e. 0.03-0.07% Co) concentration from the adsorption sites present in sludge, thus rendering Co mobile into the environment. To keep the adsorbed metals stable from release, optimal pH of 7.5 is suggested during treatment with lime. At this optimal pH, metals are decreased to below the regulation standard values and with less generation of voluminous sludge. Adsorbed

Published
2021

8. Reservoir origin and characterization of gas pools in intrusive rocks of the Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin, NE China

Author

Huafeng Tang, Mingli Shao, Yan Zhang, Phiri Cryton, Xianda Sun, and Xinying Zhao

Subjects
Rift, Lithology, business.industry, 020209 energy, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, Geology, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Coring, Tectonics, Permeability (earth sciences), Geophysics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economic Geology, Coal, Cenomanian, business, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In 2013, the first discovery of gas pools in well LS 208 in intrusive rocks of the Songliao Basin (SB), NE China was made in the 2nd member of the Yingcheng Formation in the Yingtai rift depression, proving that intrusive rocks of the SB have the potential for gas exploration. However, the mechanisms behind the origin of reservoirs in intrusive rocks need to be identified for effective gas exploration. The gas pool in intrusive rocks can be characterized as a low-abundance, high-temperature, normal-pressure, methane-rich, and lithologic pool based on integrated coring, logging, seismic, and oil test methods. The intrusive rocks show primary and secondary porosities, such as shrinkage fractures (SF), spongy pores (SP), secondary sieve pores (SSP), and tectonic fractures (TF). The reservoir is of the fracture–pore type with low porosity and permeability. A capillary pressure curve for mercury intrusion indicates small pore-throat size, negative skewness, medium–high displacement pressure, and middle–low mercury saturation. The development of fractures was found to be related to the quenching effects of emplacement and tectonic inversion during the middle–late Campanian. SP and SSP formed during two phases. The first phase occurred during emplacement of the intrusive rock in the late Albian, when the intrusions underwent alteration by organic acids. The second phase occurred between the early Cenomanian and middle Campanian, when the intrusions underwent alteration by carbonic acid. The SF formed prior to oil charging, the SSP + SP formed during oil charging, and the TF formed during the middle–late Campanian and promoted the distribution of gas pools throughout the reservoir. The intrusive rocks in the SB and the adjacent basins were emplaced in the mudstone and coal units, and have great potential for gas exploration.

Published
2017

10. Types and Characteristics of Volcanostratigraphic Boundaries and Their Oil-Gas Reservoir Significance.

Author

TANG Huafeng, Phiri CRYTON, GAO Youfeng, HUANG Yulong, and BIAN Weihua

Subjects
*STRATIGRAPHIC geology, *VOLCANOES, *GAS reservoirs, *PETROLEUM reservoirs, *VOLCANIC eruptions, *PLATE tectonics, *MESOZOIC Era
Abstract

Just like in sedimentary stratigraphy, the volcanostratigraphic boundary is an important factor for constructing volcanostratigraphic framework. The fundamental factor of volcanostratigraphic boundaries is to classify the types and define their characteristics. Based on field investigation and cross-wells section analysis of Mesozoic volcanostratigraphy in NE China, 5 types of volcanostratigraphic boundaries have been recognized, namely eruptive conformity boundary (ECB), ernptive unconformity boundary (EUB), eruptive interval unconformity boundary (EIUB), tectonic unconformity boundary (TUB) and intrusive contacts boundary (ICB). Except ICB, the unconformity boundaries can be divided into angular unconformity and paraconformity. The time spans and signs of these boundaries are analyzed by using age data of some volcanic fields that have been published. The time spans of ECB and EUB are from several minutes to years. In lava flows, cooling crust is distributed above and below ECB and EUB; in pyroclastic flows, airfalls and lahars, a fine layer below these boundaries has no discernable erosion at every part of the boundary. EUB may be curved or cross curved and jagged. The scale of ECB/EUB is dependent on the scale of lava flow or pyroclastic flows. The time span of EIUB is from decades to thousands of years. There is also weathered crust under EIUB and sedimentary rock beds overlie EIUB. In most instances, weathered crust and thin sedimentary beds are associated with each other laterally. The boundary is a smooth curved plane. The scale of EIUB is dependent on the scale of the volcano or volcano groups. The characteristics of TUB are similar to EIUB's. The time interval of TUB is from tens of thousands to millions of years. The scale of TUB depends on the scale of the basin or volcanic field. Both the lab data and logging data of wells in the Songliao Basin reveal that the porosity is greatly related to the boundaries in the lava flows. There is a high-porosity belt below ECB, EUB or EIUB, and the porosity decreases when it is apart from the boundary. The high-porosity belt below ECB and EUB is mainly contributed by primary porosity, such as vesicles. The high-porosity belt below EIUB is mainly contributed by primary and secondary porosity, such as association of vesicles and spongy pores, so the area near the boundary in lava flows is a very important target for reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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