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The major lipids and antioxidant activities of Asterias rolleston gonad lipids were evaluated systematically. Major lipids of A. Rolleston gonad lipids were triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs). Total lipids were composed of 15.62% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and 40.81% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The most abundant PUFA were C20:5n-3 (EPA) (6.28%) and C22:6n-3 (DHA) (5.80%). Predominantly composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), polar lipids were rich in PUFAs and could contain up to 34.59% EPA and DHA, and PE and PI (phosphatidylinositol) were also found to be the main carriers of EPA and ARA (arachidonic acid) in polar lipids. The MUFA and PUFA of Sn-2 in TAG are 39.72% and 30.37%, respectively. A total of 64 TAG species were identified, with Eo-P-M, Eo-Eo-M, and M-M-Eo being the main TAGs components. Moreover, A. rollestoni gonad lipids exhibited potent radical scavenging activities and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, mesophilic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain TUF1 T , was isolated from a karst wetland in south-west China. It was demonstrated to be capable of growing on plates containing oxytetracycline, streptomycin, or ofloxacin as the sole carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this organism belongs to the genus Sphingopyxis and is closely related to S. chilensis S37 T (99.17%) and S. alaskensis RB2256 T (99.12%). The orthologous average nucleotide identity values (OrthoANIu, 84.42% and 87.53%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (dDDH, 41.7% and 48.9%) between strain TUF1 T and its close relatives were all below the standard recommended threshold values for species discrimination. The genomic DNA G + C content was determined to be 64.7%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c) and summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingoglycolipid. The sole respiratory quinone present was ubiquinone Q10. Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical, physiological, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain TUF1 T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingopyxis. The designation "Sphingopyxis kveilinensis sp. nov." is proposed as the name for this novel species, and the strain TUF1 T (= CGMCC1.62043  T  = JCM36394 T ) is designated as the type strain., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Several oxylipins including hydroxy- and epoxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids act as lipid mediators. In biological samples they can be present as non-esterified form, but the major part occurs esterified in phospholipids (PL) or other lipids. Esterified oxylipins are quantified indirectly after alkaline hydrolysis as non-esterified oxylipins. However, in this indirect analysis the information in which lipid class oxylipins are bound is lost. In this work, an untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the direct analysis of PL bearing oxylipins was developed., Results: Optimized reversed-phase LC separation achieved a sufficient separation of isobaric and isomeric PL from different lipid classes bearing oxylipin positional isomers. Individual PL species bearing oxylipins were identified based on retention time, precursor ion and characteristic product ions. The bound oxylipin could be characterized based on product ions resulting from the α-cleavage occurring at the hydroxy/epoxy group. PL sn-1/sn-2 isomers were identified based on the neutral loss of the fatty acyl in the sn-2 position. A total of 422 individual oxPL species from 7 different lipid classes i.e., PI, PS, PC, PE, PC-P, PC-O, and PE-P were detected in human serum and cells. This method enabled to determine in which PL class supplemented oxylipins are incorporated in HEK293 cells: 20:4;15OH, 20:4;14Ep, and 20:5;14Ep were mostly bound to PI. 20:4;8Ep and 20:5;8Ep were esterified to PC and PE while other oxylipins were mainly found in PC., Significance: The developed LC-HRMS method enables the comprehensive detection as well as the semi-quantification of isobaric and isomeric PL species bearing oxylipins. With this method, we show that the position of the oxidation has a great impact and directs the incorporation of oxylipins into the different PL classes in human cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Nils Helge Schebb reports financial support was provided by University of Wuppertal. Nils Helge Schebb reports financial support was provided by German Research Foundation. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Phospholipids are the main building components of cell membranes and are also used for cell signaling and as energy storages. Cancer cells alter their lipid metabolism, which ultimately leads to an increase in phospholipids in cancer tissue. Surgical energy instruments use electrical or vibrational energy to heat tissues, which causes intra- and extracellular water to expand rapidly and degrade cell structures, bursting the cells, which causes the formation of a tissue aerosol or smoke depending on the amount of energy used. This gas phase analyte can then be analyzed via gas analysis methods. Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) is a method that can be used to differentiate malignant tissue from benign tissues in real time via the analysis of surgical smoke produced by energy instruments. Previously, the DMS identification of cancer tissue was based on a 'black box method' by differentiating the 2D dispersion plots of samples. This study sets out to find datapoints from the DMS dispersion plots that represent relevant target molecules. We studied the ability of DMS to differentiate three subclasses of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine) from a control sample using a bovine skeletal muscle matrix with a 5 mg addition of each phospholipid subclass to the sample matrix. We trained binary classifiers using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machines (SVM) for sample classification. We were able to identify phosphatidylcholine, -inositol, and -ethanolamine with SVM binary classification accuracies of 91%, 73%, and 66% and with LDA binary classification accuracies of 82%, 74%, and 72%, respectively. Phosphatidylcholine was detected with a reliable classification accuracy, but ion separation setups should be adjusted in future studies to reliably detect other relevant phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine and improve DMS as a microanalysis method and identify other phospholipids relevant to cancer tissue.

Strains M29 T and ASUV-10-1 T , which are aerobic, non-flagellated, and Gram-stain-negative, were isolated from soil samples collected in Inje (37°57'49.1"N 128°19'53.7"E) and Cheonan City (36°48'47.1"N 127°05'22.4"E), South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains M29 T and ASUV-10-1 T form a distinct branch within the family Hymenobacter (order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia). Strain M29 T is most closely related to Hymenobacter rubidus DG7B T with a 16 S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.05%. Strain ASUV-10-1 T shows closest genetic similarity to Hymenobacter frigidus B1789 T (96.42%), Hymenobacter jeongseonensis BT683 T (95.97%), and Hymenobacter terricola 3F2T T (95.65%). The optimal growth conditions for these strains are pH 7.0, no NaCl, and a temperature of 25 °C. The dominant cellular fatty acids identified in these strains are iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , and Summed Feature 3 (C 16:1 ω 7c / C 16:1 ω 6c). Both strains predominantly contain MK-7 as the respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids in strains M29 T and ASUV-10-1 T are phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid, and aminolipid. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, it is evident that M29 T and ASUV-10-1 T represent new species within the genus Hymenobacter. The new species were classified based on biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics. The taxonomic classification of these species was conducted following the guidelines and protocols outlined in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. We followed the methods for determining physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as chemotaxonomic markers such as fatty acid profiles, quinone types, and polar lipid compositions. We also compared with the results of carbohydrate utilization and enzyme activities results [Bergey 1994]. Therefore, we propose the names Hymenobacter mellowenesis for strain M29 T (= KCTC 102056 T  = NBRC 116578 T ) and Hymenobacter aranciens for strain ASUV-10-1 T (= KCTC 92969 T  = NBRC 116575 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Strain DM2021935 T representing a novel Acinetobacter species was isolated from a spoiled bath lotion in Guangdong, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, strain DM2021935 T was closely related to 'Acinetobacter thutiue' VNH17 T , Acinetobacter junii CIP 64.5  T , and Acinetobacter tibetensis Y-23  T . Cells of strain DM2021935 T were Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, α-hemolytic, and non-motile. Strain DM2021935 T exhibited growth in 1-3% (w/v) NaCl at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 °C and tolerated pH levels from 6.0 to 8.0. The predominant fatty acids in strain DM2021935 T are C 12:0 , C 16:0 , C 18:1 ω9c, and summed feature 3. Polar lipid profiles included glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. The identified respiratory quinones were ubiquinone Q-8 and Q-9. The genomic size of DM2021935 T comprised 4.15 Mb, consisting of one chromosome (3,827,633 bp) and two plasmids (241,357 and 83,010 bp). The G + C content was 41.8%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DM2021935 T and phylogenetically related type strains were below the species delineation thresholds (72.2-95.4, 53.1-87.0, and 20.4-66.4%, respectively). AntiSMASH analysis identified four gene clusters: non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, non-alpha poly-amino group acids, YcaO cyclodehydratase, and aryl polyene biosynthesis. Based on genotypic data, strain DM2021935 T represents a novel species within the genus Acinetobacter. The proposed name for the novel species is Acinetobacter corruptisaponis sp. nov. (type strain DM2021935 T  = KCTC 92772  T  = GDMCC 1.3703  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-staining negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, oxidase negative and catalase positive strain WL0021 T was isolated from cricket (Gryllus chinensis) living in the campus of Hohai University. Strain WL0021 T was characterized utilizing a polyphasic taxonomy approach. The major fatty acids (> 5%) for strain WL0021 T were C 16:0 and summed feature 8, and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phospholipid, two aminolipids, and an unidentified polar lipid. Ubiquinone-10 was detected as the predominant respiratory quinone. The results of 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain WL0021 T had the highest sequence similarity of 95.3% to Microvirga flavescens c27j1 T and strain WL0021 T formed a distinct linage within the family Methylobacteriaceae in the phylogenetic trees. Whole genomic DNA G+C content was 48.3%. Combined with the results from this study, strain WL0021 T should represent a novel genus in the family Methylobacteriaceae, for which the name Hohaiivirga grylli gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain WL0021 T =GDMCC 1.2420 T  =JCM 34655 T =MCCC 1K05886 T ) is proposed., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Strain FF17 T , a Gram-negative, obligate aerobic, motile, pink-pigmented, and methylotrophic bacterium, was selected for a polyphasic taxonomic investigation due to its capacity for aggregation, or floc formation. The predominant respiratory quinone observed was Q-10, accounting for 83.36% of the total, while the major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (18:1 w6c and/or 18:1 w7c). The major polar lipids included Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and one unknown polar lipid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain FF17 T was hithermost related to Methylobacterium goesingense iEII3 T (99.86%), M. gossipiicola Gh-105  T (99.22%), M. adhaesivum AR27 T (98.92%), and M. iners 5317S-33  T (97.27%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. A 5,735,273-bp chromosome and six plasmids make up the genome, making it larger than the genomes of the other four Methylobacterium species described above. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain FF17 T and the reference strains were 21.90-28.70 and 77.39-85.04%, respectively. Strain FF17 T had a genome DNA G + C content of 68.5 mol%. The analysis of genomes indicated that cellulose apparently plays an important character in the aggregation of Methylobacterium species. Genome annotation revealed the presence of genes involved in assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and ammonia assimilation. In conclusion, Strain FF17 T is identified as a new species in the Methylobacterium genus, based on analyses of genomics, phylogeny, biochemistry, and fatty acids, and the name Methylobacterium flocculans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FF17 T (= MCCC 1K08738 T  = KCTC 8320  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A purple colony, designated as TRC1.1.SA was isolated from a tea garden soil sample. It was a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium. The strain TRC1.1.SA T grew aerobically at temperatures 15-37 ℃ and pH levels 5.0-9.0. It showed both oxidase and catalase activity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence blast analysis revealed identity with the members of the genus Chromobacterium. The maximum identity was with the type strains of species Chromobacterium piscinae CCM 3329 T (99.8%), C. vaccinii MWU205 T (99.7%), and C. violaceum ATCC 12472 T (98.7%). However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of the genome sequence showed less than 96% similarity with all species of the genus Chromobacterium. Further, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) revealed the highest identity of 63.4% with its phylogenetic relative C. piscinae CCM 3329 T . The G + C content of the strain was 63.9%. The major polar lipids identified were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and phosphoglyceraldehyde (PG). Fatty acid analysis showed C 16:0, C 16:1 ω7c, C 17:0 cyclo, and C 18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. RAST and antiSMASH analyses of the genome revealed the presence of a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) involved in the production of violacein pigment, as observed for type species C. violaceum ATCC 12472 T . Considering the phenotypic differences and genomic identity, strain TRC1.1.SA T is assigned as a novel species of the genus Chromobacterium, for which the name Chromobacterium indicum is proposed. The type strain of prospective species is designated as TRC1.1.SA T (= MTCC 13391 T ; JCM 36723 T ; = KCTC 8324 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Strain M09 T was isolated from the rhizoshere of kiwi fruit trees from an orchard located in Fangshan, Beijing, PR China (39° 49' 25.1″ N, 116° 4' 44.5″ E,). It is a short rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that tests positive for both oxidase and catalase. The strain exhibited growth within the temperature range of 15-45 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and the pH range of 4.0-10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0) and without NaCl. It also grew in a sodium chloride-free nutrient agar (NA) medium. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that M09 T represents a member of the genus Paracoccus and shares high similarity with Paracoccus everestensis S8-55 T (98.46%) and Paracoccus aerius 011410 T (97.58%). The average nucleotide identity values between M09 T and P. everestensis S8-55 T , P. aerius 011410 T , Paracoccus marinaquae X HP0099 T and Paracoccus fontiphilus MVW-1 T were 95.56, 84.51, 79.83 and 83.68%, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values between between M09 T and P. everestensis S8-55 T , P. aerius 011410 T , P. marinaquae X HP0099 T and P. fontiphilus MVW-1 T were 56.40, 29.30, 21.60 and 28.60%, respectively. The major fatty acids identified were C 10 : 0 3-OH (51.8%) and C 18 : 1 ω7 c (35.5%). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10, with Q-8 present as a minor component. Polar lipids were mainly comprised of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Genome sequencing revealed that the strain has a DNA G+C content of 64.31 mol%. On the basis of this comprehensive taxonomic characterisation data, M09 T represents a novel species within the genus Paracoccus and has been named Paracoccus actinidiae sp. nov. The type strain is designated as M09 T (=GDMCC 1.4157 T =KCTC 8143 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and ovoid cocci, designated as A1S7 T , was isolated from the gut of a marine sandworm ( Alitta virens ). Strain A1S7 T exhibited optimal growth at temperatures of 20-30 ℃, pH 6-8 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain A1S7 T belonged to the genus Janibacter , exhibiting a similarity of 99.0% to Janibacter cremeus KCTC 49873 T , followed by Janibacter anophelis KCTC 19282 T (98.8%), Janibacter hoylei KCTC 49872 T (98.4%), Janibacter limosus KACC 20518 T (98.2%) and Janibacter corallicola KACC 21120 T (97.2%). The complete genome sequence of strain A1S7 T revealed a genome size of 3360920 bp with a genomic G+C content of 70.1 mol%. The orthologous average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain A1S7 T and Janibacter cremeus KCTC 49873 T were determined to be 89.5 and 37.2%, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was MK-8(H 4 ). The predominant fatty acids (>10%) included iso -C 16:0 , C 17:1  ω 8 c , C 18:1  ω 9 c and C 17:0 . Polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1 γ . The major whole-cell sugars were ribose, mannose and glucose. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain A1S7 T represents a novel species in the genus Janibacter , for which the name Janibacter alittae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A1S7 T (=KCTC 49714 T = JCM 36706 T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, moderate halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 96095 T , was isolated from a saline soil sample collected from Aiding Lake, Xinjiang, North-western China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate belonged to the family Nocardiopsidaceae , formed a distinct subclade, and was most closely related to Lipingzhangella halophila DSM 102030 T and Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis DSM 45697 T with sequence identity values of 95.8 and 95.1%, respectively. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 5-16% (w/v) NaCl, with well-developed, non-fragmented substrate mycelia and single-, double-, or triple-wrinkled spore(s) on the mature aerial hyphae. The chemical analysis presented meso -diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and glucose, galactose and rhamnose as the major whole-cell sugars, and iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified glycolipid. The menaquinones were MK-10(H 8 ), MK-10(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 10 ). Its G+C content was 69.7 mol% in the determined genome sequence. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, a novel genus and species named Halostreptopolyspora alba gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for isolate YIM 96095 T (=KCTC 49266 T =CGMCC 4.7636 T ).

An aerobic, Gram-stain negative bacterium was isolated from sediment samples of Barkol salt lake in Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, with the number EGI_FJ10229 T . The strain is ellipse-shaped, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and has white, round, smooth, opaque colonies on marine 2216 E agar plate. Growth occurs at 4.0-37.0 ℃ (optimal:30.0 ℃), pH 7.0-9.0 (optimal: pH 8.0) and NaCl concentration of 0-8.0% (optimal: 3.0%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that the isolated strain should be assigned to the genus Aquibaculum and was most closely related to Aquibaculum arenosum CAU 1616  T . Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and Average amino-acid identity (AAI) values between the type species of the genus Aquibaculum and other related type species were lower than the threshold values recommended for bacterial species. The genomic DNA G + C content of EGI_FJ10229 T was 65.41%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids (> 5%) were C 19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.0%) and C 18:1 ω7c (33.78%). The respiratory quinone identified was Q-10. Differential phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of this strain and species of genus Aquibaculum showed that the strain should be classified as representing a new species belonging to this genus, for which the name Aquibaculum sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is EGI_FJ10229 T (= KCTC 8570  T  = GDMCC 1.4598  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Plant-pathogenic bacteria are one of the major constraints on agricultural yield. In order to selectively treat these bacteria, it is essential to understand the molecular structure of their cell membrane. Previous studies have focused on analyzing hydrolyzed fatty acids (FA) due to the complexity of bacterial membrane lipids. These studies have highlighted the occurrence of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) alongside normal-chain fatty acids (NCFA) in many bacteria. As several FA are bound in the intact phospholipids of the bacterial membrane, the presence of isomeric FA complicates lipid analysis. Furthermore, commercially available reference standards do not fully cover potential lipid isomers. To address this issue, we have developed a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to analyze the phospholipids of various plant-pathogenic bacteria with a focus on BCFA containing phospholipids. The study revealed the separation of three isomeric phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) depending on the number of bound BCFA to NCFA. The validation of the retention order was based on available reference standards in combination with the analysis of hydrolyzed fatty acids through gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after fractionation. Additionally, the transferability of the retention order to other major lipid classes, such as phosphatidylglycerols (PG) and cardiolipins (CL), was thoroughly examined. Using the information regarding the retention behavior, the phospholipid profile of six plant-pathogenic bacteria was structurally elucidated. Furthermore, the developed LC-MS/MS method was used to classify the plant-pathogenic bacteria based on the number of bound BCFA in the phospholipidome., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Milk phospholipids have multiple health benefits, but the deficiency of detailed phospholipid profiles in dairy products brings obstacles to intake calculation and function evaluation of dairy phospholipids. In present study, 306 phospholipid molecular species were identified and quantified among 207 milk, yogurt and cream products using a HILIC-ESI-Q-TOF MS and a HILIC-ESI-QQQ MS. The phospholipid profiles of five mammals' milk show that camel milk contains the most abundant phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin; cow, yak and goat milk have similar phospholipidomes, while buffalo milk contains abundant phosphatidylinositol. Fewer plasmalogens but more lyso-glycerolphospholipids were found in ultra-high-temperature (UHT) sterilized milk than in pasteurized milk, and higher proportions of lyso-glycerolphospholipid/total phospholipid were observed in both cream and skimmed/semi-skimmed milk than whole milk, indicating that UHT and skimming processes improve glycerolphospholipid degradation and phospholipid nutrition loss. Meanwhile, more diacyl-glycerolphospholipids and less of their degradation products make yogurt a better phospholipid resource than whole milk., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A Gram-staining-negative, dark pink, rod-shaped, amastigote and cellulose-degrading strain, designated H9 T , was isolated from intestinal contents of Nipponacmea schrenckii. The isolate was able to grow at 4-42 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and with 0.0-11.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0-5.0%). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence suggested that isolate H9 T belongs to the genus Roseobacter, neighboring Roseobacter insulae YSTF-M11 T , Roseobacter cerasinus AI77 T and Roseobacter ponti MM-7  T , and the pairwise sequence showed the highest similarity of 99.1% to Roseobacter insulae YSTF-M11 T . The major fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c; 81.08%). The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-10. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown lipid, and a small amount of an unknown phospholipid. The genome of strain H9 T was 5,351,685 bp in length, and the DNA G + C content was 59.8%. The average amino acid identity (AAI), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and digital DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain H9 T and closely related strains were 63.4-76.8%, 74.7-78.8%, and 13.4-19.7%, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemical taxonomic, and phylogenetic data, it is suggested that strain H9 T should represent a novel species in the genus Roseobacter, for which the name Roseobacter weihaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H9 T (= KCTC 82507  T  = MCCC 1K04354 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped, and motile bacteria, designated as a strain WR6 T was isolated from soil in Republic of Korea. Strain WR6 T grew at temperatures of 10-37°C, at pH of 5.0-9.0, and at NaCl concentrations of 0-3.0% (w/v). Phylogenetic and 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed that strain WR6 T affiliated to the genus Mesorhizobium , with the nearest relative being Mesorhizobium waimense ICMP 19557 T (98.5%). The genome of strain WR6 T was 5,035,462 bp with DNA G+C content of 62.6%. In strain WR6 T , Q-10 was sole ubiquinone; summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 7 c and/or C 18:1 ω 6 c ) and C 19:0 cyclo ω 8 c were predominant fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine were major polar lipids. Based on these polyphasic taxonomic data, strain WR6 T represents a novel species in the genus Mesorhizobium . Accordingly, we propose the name Mesorhizobium koreense sp. nov., with the type strain WR6 T (=KCTC 92695 T =NBRC 116021 T ).

A novel bacterium, designated as strain LOR1-02 T and isolated from a lichen sample collected from Kham Riang Subdistrict, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand, underwent thorough investigation utilizing a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain LOR1-02 T demonstrated growth within a temperature range of 20-42 °C (optimal at 30 °C), pH range of 5.0-7.5 (optimal at pH 7.0), and tolerance to 4.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its close relation to Paracraurococcus ruber JCM 9931 T , with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.16%, placing it within the genus Paracraurococcus. The approximate genome size of strain LOR1-02 T was determined to be 8.6 Mb, with a G + C content of 70.9 mol%. Additionally, ANIb, ANIm, and AAI values between the whole genomes of strain LOR1-02 T and type strains were calculated as 82.6-83.4%, 86.1-86.8%, and 81.4-82.2%, respectively, while the dDDH value was determined to be 26.3-28.5% (C.I. 24.0-31.0%). The predominant fatty acids detected were C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c, C 16:0 , and C 18:1 2OH. The major ubiquinone identified was Q-10, and the polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, along with unidentified phosphoaminolipid, lipids, and an amino lipid. Based on comprehensive phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain LOR1-02 T represents a novel species within the genus Paracraurococcus, for which the name Paracraurococcus lichenis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain designation is LOR1-02 T (= JCM 33121 T  = NBRC 112776 T = TISTR 2503 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A novel bacterial strain, designated DW002 T , was isolated from the sea ice of Cape Evans, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Cells of the strain were Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, motile, non-flagellated, and short rod-shaped. The strain DW002 T grew at 4-32 ℃ (optimum at 22-28 ℃) and thrived best at pH 7.0, NaCl concentration of 2.5% (w/v). The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain DW002 T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids (> 10%) of DW002 T were iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 17:1 ω9c. The predominant polar lipids of strain DW002 T contained two phosphatidylethanolamines, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G + C content of the strain DW002 T was 34.8%. Strain DW002 T encoded 237 carbohydrate-active enzymes. The strain DW002 T had genes associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction and assimilatory sulfate reduction metabolic pathways. Based on distinct physiological, chemotaxonomic, genome analysis and phylogenetic differences compared to other members of the phylogenetically related genera in the family Marinifilaceae, strain DW002 T is proposed to represent a novel genus within the family. Therefore, the name Paralabilibaculum antarcticum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DW002 T (=KCTC 25274 T =MCCC 1K06067 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Rationale: 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-O-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycines] (PHEGs) are a class of rare aminophospholipids found specifically in brown algae, including kombu seaweed. Despite their potential importance in algal physiology, a comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS) characterization, useful to understand their biological behaviour, is still lacking., Methods: To establish the structural regiochemical features of PHEGs, we employed hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Following separation, the isolated band of PHEGs was analyzed using MS techniques. This included multistage tandem MS experiments, performed in both positive and negative electrospray ionization modes at low and high resolution., Results: By comparing MS/MS and MS 3 spectra acquired in negative ion mode, the regiochemical rules for PHEG identification were established. The most abundant PHEG species in kombu seaweed, from both Laminaria ochroleuca (European Atlantic) and Laminaria longissima (Japan), was identified as PHEG 20:4/20:4. Less abundant species included PHEG 20:4/20:5 and hydroxylated forms of both PHEG 20:4/20:4 (i.e. 40:8;O) and 20:4/20:5 (40:9;O). The presence of a lyso PHEG 20:4 was consistently detected but at very low levels., Conclusions: This study employed MS analysis to elucidate the regiochemical patterns of PHEGs in kombu seaweed. We identified PHEG 20:4/20:4 as the dominant species, along with several less abundant variants, including hydroxylated forms. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential roles and metabolism of PHEGs in brown algae, paving the way for further investigation into their biological functions., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

One bacterial strain, designated as C22-A2 T , was isolated from Lake LungmuCo in Tibet. Cells of strain C22-A2 T were long rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, with positive catalase and oxidase activity. Optimal growth occurred at 20-25 °C, pH 8.0 and with 3.0-7.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences revealed that strain C22-A2 T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus , showing the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Virgibacillus halodenitrificans DSM 10037 T (97.6%). The average nucleotide identity values between strain C22-A2 T and the type strains of related species in the genus Virgibacillus were less than 74.4% and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were less than 20.2%, both below the species delineation thresholds of 95 and 70% respectively. The genome analysis revealed that strain C22-A2 T harboured genes responsible for osmotic and oxidative stress, enabling it to adapt to its surrounding environment. In terms of biochemical and physiological characteristics, strain C22-A2 T shared similar characteristics with the genus Virgibacillus, including the predominant cellular fatty acid anteiso-C 15 : 0 , the major respiratory quinone MK-7, as well as the polar lipids phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on the comprehensive analysis of phylogenetic, phylogenomic, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain C22-A2 T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus , named as Virgibacillus tibetensis sp. nov. (=CGMCC 1.19202 T =KCTC 43426 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as strain MSW5 T , was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. The cells were non-motile rods exhibiting oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15-25 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 1.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Menaquinone-6 was the sole respiratory quinone, and iso-C 15 : 0 , summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ), iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, and C 15 : 1  ω 6 c were the major cellular fatty acids. Major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 92 concatenated core protein sequences revealed that strain MSW5 T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Polaribacter . The genome of strain MSW5 T was 3582 kb in size with a 29.1 mol% G+C content. Strain MSW5 T exhibited the highest similarity to Polaribacter atrinae WP25 T , with a 97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 79.4 and 23.3%, respectively, indicating that strain MSW5 T represents a novel species. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MSW5 T is proposed to represent a novel species, with the name Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov. The type strain is MSW5 T (=KACC 22340 T =NBRC 116025 T ). In addition, whole genome sequence comparisons and phenotypic features suggested that Polaribacter sejongensis and Polaribacter undariae belong to the same species, with P. undariae proposed as a later heterotypic synonym of P. sejongensis . An emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis is also proposed.

Despite significant reductions in phosphorus (P) loads, lakes still experience cyanobacterial blooms. Little is known regarding cellular P regulation in response to P deficiency in widely distributed bloom causing species such as Microcystis. In this study, we investigated changes in P containing and non-P lipids contents and their ratios concomitantly with the determinations of expression levels of genes encoding these lipids in cultural and field Microcystis samples. In the culture, the content of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) decreased from 2.1 μg g -1 in P replete control to 1.2 μg g -1 in P-deficient treatment, while non-P lipids, like sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), increased dramatically from 13.6 μg g -1 to 142.3 μg g -1 , and from 0.9 μg g -1 to 16.74 μg g -1 , respectively. The expression of the MGDG synthesis gene, mgdE, also increased under low P conditions. Significant positive relationships between soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ratios of P-containing lipids (PG) to non-P lipids, including SQDG, MGDG and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) (P < 0.05) were observed in the field investigations. Both cultural and field data indicated that Microcystis sp. might increase non-P lipids proportion to lower P demand when suffering from P deficiency. Furthermore, despite lipid remodeling, photosynthetic activity remained stable, as indicated by comparable chlorophyll fluorescence and Fv/Fm ratios among cultural treatments. These findings suggested that Microcystis sp. may dominate in P-limited environments by substituting glycolipids and sulfolipids for phospholipids to reduce P demand without compromising the photosynthetic activity. This effective strategy in response to P deficiency meant a stricter P reduction threshold is needed in terms of Microcystis bloom control., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Two bacterial strains, Y60-23 T and HN-65 T , were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, and Dongzhai Harbour, Haikou, PR China, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain Y60-23 T exhibited 96.0% similarity to its most related type strain Hyphobacterium vulgare KCTC 52487 T , while strain HN-65 T exhibited 97.3% similarity to its most related type strain Hyphobacterium indicum 2ED5 T . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 95.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains Y60-23 T and HN-65 T belonged to the genus Hyphobacterium . Cells of strains Y60-23 T and HN-65 T were rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, prosthecate and multiplied by binary fission. The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0%) of strain Y60-23 T were C 18 : 1  ω 7 c and C 17 : 0 , while those of strain HN-65 T were iso-C 17 : 1  ω 9 c , iso-C 17 : 0 and C 18 : 1  ω 7 c . The major respiratory quinone in both strains was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and the major polar lipids were monoglycosyl diglyceride, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and glucuronopyranosyl diglyceride. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains Y60-23 T and HN-65 T were 63.9 and 60.7 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity value between the two strains was 72.1% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value was 18.4%, clearly distinguishing them from each other. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses, the two strains represented two novel species within the genus Hyphobacterium , for which the names Hyphobacterium marinum sp. nov. and Hyphobacterium lacteum sp. nov. were proposed with the type strains Y60-23 T (=MCCC 1H01433 T =KCTC 8172 T ) and HN-65 T (=MCCC 1H01434 T =KCTC 8169 T ), respectively.

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, chemoheterotrophic, short-rod-shaped bacteria, designated CDY1-MB1 T , CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2, were isolated from three marine sediment samples collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus Aequorivita and close to the type strain of Aequorivita vitellina F4716 T (with similarities of 98.0-98.1%). Strain CDY1-MB1 T can grow at 15-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and in media with pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7), and tolerate up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CDY1-MB1 T were iso-C 15 : 0 (20.7%) and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (12.8%); the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6; the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization/average nucleotide identity values between strains CDY1-MB1 T , CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2 and A. vitellina F4716 T were 24.7%/81.6-81.7%, thereby indicating that strain CDY1-MB1 T should represent a novel species of the genus Aequorivita . The genomic DNA G+C contents were 37.6 % in all three strains. Genomic analysis showed the presence of genes related to nitrogen and sulphur cycling, as well as metal reduction. The genetic traits of these strains indicate their possible roles in nutrient cycling and detoxification processes, potentially shaping the deep-sea ecosystem's health and resilience. Based upon the consensus of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain CDY1-MB1 T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Aequorivita , for which the name Aequorivita flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDY1-MB1 T (=MCCC 1A16935 T =KCTC 102223 T ).

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by means of flagella, short rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated IMCC43200 T and IMCC45268 T , were isolated from coastal seawater samples collected from the South Sea of Korea. Strains IMCC43200 T and IMCC45268 T shared 98.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and were closely related to Congregibacter litoralis KT71 T (98.8% and 98.7%, respectively). Complete whole-genome sequences of IMCC43200 T and IMCC45268 T were 3.93 and 3.86 Mb in size with DNA G + C contents of 54.8% and 54.2%, respectively. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains were 74.5% and 23.4%, respectively, revealing that they are independent species. The two strains showed ANI values of ≤ 75.8% and dDDH values of ≤ 23.0% to the type and only species of the genus Congregibacter (C. litoralis), indicating that each strain represents a novel species. Both strains contained summed feature 3 (comprising C 16:1 ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω7c) and summed feature 8 (comprising C 18:1 ω6c and/or C 18:1 ω7c) as major fatty acid constituents. The predominant isoprenoid quinone detected in both strains was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids, and aminolipids. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic characterization, strains IMCC43200 T and IMCC45268 T were considered to represent two novel species within the genus Congregibacter, for which the names Congregibacter variabilis sp. nov. and Congregibacter brevis sp. nov. are proposed with IMCC43200 T (= KCTC 8133 T  = NBRC 116295 T  = CCTCC AB 2023139 T ) and IMCC45268 T (= KCTC 92921 T  = NBRC 116135 T ) as the type strains, respectively., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Microbiological Society of Korea.)

Several strains were isolated from subsurface soil of the Atacama Desert and were previously assigned to the Micromonospora genus. A polyphasic study was designed to determine the taxonomic affiliation of isolates 4G51 T , 4G53, and 4G57. All the strains showed chemotaxonomic properties in line with their classification in the genus Micromonospora, including meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan, MK-9(H 4 ) as major respiratory quinone, iso-C 15:0 and iso-C 16:0 as major fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as major polar lipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains 4G51 T , 4G53, and 4G57 showed the highest similarity (97.9 %) with the type strain of Micromonospora costi CS1-12 T , forming an independent branch in the phylogenetic gene tree. Their independent position was confirmed with genome phylogenies, being most closely related to the type strain of Micromonospora kangleipakensis. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity analyses between the isolates and their closest phylogenomic neighbours confirmed that they should be assigned to a new species within the genus Micromonospora for which the name Micromonospora sicca sp. nov. (4G51 T =PCM 3031 T =LMG 30756 T ) is proposed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a novel bacterium, designated strain CC-CFT758 T , isolated from a maize-rice rotation agriculture field in Taiwan. The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, positive for catalase and oxidase, and grow at 20-30 °C (optimal 30 ℃), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal 8.0), and with 0-4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the strain CC-CFT758 T belongs to the genus "Aliirhizobium" of the family Rhizobiaceae. The closest known relatives of this strain are "Aliirhizobium wenxiniae" 166 T (with 98.7% similarity), "Aliirhizobium cellulosilyticum" SEMIA 448 T (with 97.9% similarity), and "Aliirhizobium smilacinae" PTYR-5 T (with 97.0% similarity). The genome size was 5.9 Mbp, with a G + C content of 60.6%. Values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the strain and closely related species were 29.5% for "Ali. cellulosilyticum", and 23.9% for "Ali. wenxiniae" and "Ali. smilacinae". Strain CC-CFT758 T exhibited the highest orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) values with members of the genus "Aliirhizobium", ranging from 80.4 to 81.6% (n = 3). Chemotaxonomical analysis indicated that strain CC-CFT758 T contained C 16:0 , C 16:0 3OH, C 19:0 cyclo ω8c, C 14:0 3OH/iso-C 16:1 I, and C 18:2 ω6,9c/ante C 18:0 as dominant fatty acids, and the major polyamines were putrescine and spermidine. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, seven unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids, and two unidentified polar lipids. Strain CC-CFT758 T exhibited distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as unique results in comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, OrthoANI, AAI, dDDH, and phylogenomic placement. Therefore, this strain represents a new species of the genus "Aliirhizobium", for which the name Aliirhizobium terrae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain is CC-CFT758 T (= BCRC 81364 T  = JCM 35482 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Strain SYSU D00308 T , a short-rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, PR China. Strain SYSU D00308 T was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pink-pigmented, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain grew at 4-37 ℃, pH 5.0-8.0 and 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses demonstrated that strain SYSU D00308 T belonged to the genus Rufibacter and exhibited the highest sequence similarity (97.4%) to Rufibacter glacialis MDT1-10-3 T . Summed features 3, 4, and iso-C 15:0 were the major fatty acids, and menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the sole respiratory menaquinone. The polar lipid profiles comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified lipids. The genome size and DNA G + C content of strain SYSU D00308 T were 5,176,683 bp and 54.8%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between SYSU D00308 T and members of the genus Rufibacter were 77.7-81.8% and 20.4-23.4% respectively, which were less than the corresponding thresholds (ANI: 95-96%; dDDH: 70%) for prokaryotic species definition. According to the genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU D00308 T represents a novel species of the genus Rufibacter. We propose the name, Rufibacter psychrotolerans sp. nov., with SYSU D00308 T (= CGMCC 1.18621 T = KCTC 82275 T = MCCC 1K04970 T ) as the type strain., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The strain designated NCCP-602 T was isolated from tannery effluent, and displayed aerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped cells that were characterized by oxidase negative, catalase positive, and non-motile features. The most favourable growth conditions were observed at a temperature of 30°C, pH 7.0, and NaCl concentration of 1% (w/v). It tolerated heavy metals at high concentrations of chromium (3600 ppm), copper (3300 ppm), cadmium (3000 ppm), arsenic (1200 ppm) and lead (1500 ppm). The results of phylogenetic analysis, derived from sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, indicated the position of strain NCCP-602 T within genus Brevibacterium and showed that it was closely related to Brevibacterium ammoniilyticum JCM 17537 T . Strain NCCP-602  T formed a robust branch that was clearly separate from closely related taxa. A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and dDDH values between the closely related type strains and strain NCCP-602 T provided additional evidence supporting the classification of strain NCCP-602 T as a distinct novel genospecies. The polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, phospholipids and amino lipids. MK-7 and MK-8 were found as the respiratory quinones, while anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 , iso-C 17:0 , and anteiso-C 17:0 were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%). Considering the convergence of phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic traits, it is suggested that strain NCCP-602  T be classified as a distinct species Brevibacterium metallidurans sp. nov. within genus Brevibacterium with type strain NCCP-602 T (JCM 18882 T  = CGMCC1.62055 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Comprehensive lipid and volatile compound analyses were performed with squids collected from four varied geographical locations to discriminate the regional characteristics. A total of 1442 lipid molecules and 110 volatiles were detected in the squid muscle samples. There were significant differences in the lipid profiles between Argentine squid (Illex argentinus, AGT), North Pacific Ocean squid (Ommastrephes Bartram, NPO), Equatorial squid (Dosidicus gigas, EQ), and Peruvian squid (Dosidicus gigas, PR) muscle. Phosphatidylcholines (14.64%), triacylglycerols (12.42%), and ceramides (10.97%) were the main lipid components. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid in phospholipids and in glycerolipids were 30.35-52.05% and 18.11-25.15%, respectively. The volatiles in squids exhibited significant regional variation; 1-pentanol and 1-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and terpinen-4-ol, 2,7-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-methy-1-butanol and 2-propyl-1-pentanol were identified as characteristic flavor compounds in AGT, NPO, EQ, and PR, respectively. Sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and ceramide were strongly correlated with volatiles in squid muscle. Our study is a reference for the lipid nutritional value and flavor compounds of squids., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To meet the high consumer demand, butter production has increased over the last few years. As a result, the buttermilk (BM) co-produced volumes require new ways of adding value, such as in cheese manufacturing. However, BM use in cheese milk negatively influences the cheesemaking process (e.g., altered coagulation properties) and the product's final quality (e.g., high moisture content). The concentration of BM by ultrafiltration (UF) could potentially facilitate its use in cheese manufacturing through an increased protein content while maintaining the milk salt balance. Simultaneously, little is known about the digestion of UF BM cheese. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impact of UF BM on cheese manufacture, its structure, and its behavior during in vitro digestion. A 2-fold UF concentrated BM was used for cheese manufacture (skim milk [SM] - control). Compositional, textural, and microstructural analyses of cheeses were first conducted. In a second step, the cheeses were fed into an in vitro TNO gastrointestinal digestion model (TIM-1) of the stomach and small intestine and protein and phospholipid (PL) bioaccessibility was studied. The results showed that UF BM cheese significantly differed from SM cheese regarding its composition, hardness (p < 0.05) and microstructure. However, in TIM-1, UF BM and SM cheeses showed similar digestion behavior as a percentage of protein and PL intake. Despite relatively more non-digested and non-absorbed PL in the ileum efflux of UF BM cheese, the initially higher PL concentration contributes to an enhanced nutritional value compared to SM cheese. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the bioaccessibility of proteins and PL from UF BM and SM cheeses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, orange-coloured bacterial strains, designated strain C216 T and strain M2295, were isolated from mature mushroom compost from composting facilities in Victoria and South Australia, Australia, respectively. External structures such as flagella or pili were not observed on the cells under scanning electron microscopy. Optimal growth was found to occur at 45 °C, at pH 7.25 and in the absence of NaCl on Emerson's 350 YpSs medium. The genome sequence of strain C216 T was 3 342 126 bp long with a G+C content of 40.5 mol%. Functional analysis of the genome of strain C216 T revealed genes encoding chitinolytic and hemi-cellulolytic functions, with 166 predicted genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism (8.9% of the predicted genes). These functions are important for survival in the mushroom compost environment, which is rich in hemicelluloses. No antibiotic resistance genes were found in the genome sequence. The major fatty acids of strain C216 T were iso-C 15 : 0 (56.7%), iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (15.6%), C 16 : 1  ω 7 c /iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH (7.3%) and iso-C 15 : 1 G (6.1%). The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipid of strain C216 T was phosphatidylethanolamine, but three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids/aminolipids and one unidentified glycolipid were also detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on proteins encoded by the core genome (bac120, 120 conserved bacterial genes) showed that strain C216 T forms a distinct lineage in the family Chitinophagaceae and that the closest identified relative is Niabella soli (69.69% ANI). These data demonstrate that strain C216 T represents a novel genus and novel species within the family Chitinophagaceae , for which we propose the name Mycovorax composti . The type strain is C216 T (=DSM 114558 T =LMG 32998 T ).

Three closely related, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains (PS-2 T , PS-17, and PS-19) were isolated from the skin of freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodon cutcutia). Colonies are pinkish-colored. The optimum growth occurred at 28-30 °C, and the pH was 6.5-7. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1 ω7c, iso-C15.0, C17:1 ω8c, C18:1 ω7c, and C16:0. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and amino lipids. The genome size of strain PS-2 T is 4.8 Mbp, and the G + C content was 46.0%. The major fraction of genes were associated with biological processes (45.64%), followed by molecular function (29.86%) and cellular components (24.49%). The unique genes identified in strain PS-2 T secreted cyanophycinase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, methyltransferase, kynureninase, ADA regulatory protein, biphenyl degradation, thermostable carboxypeptidase 1, tetrathionate respiration, etc. In addition, alanine and glutamate racemases were present. The 16S rRNA gene sequences shared 98.83-99.24% similarity with the closely related type strains of Shewanella. The ANI and AAI of strain PS-2 T with reference type strains of the genus Shewanella were below 95-96%, and the corresponding dDDH values were below 70%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome-wide core genes revealed that strain PS-2 T clustered with Shewanella oneidensis LMG 19005 T in both phylogenetic trees. Based on the polyphasic analysis, the new isolates (PS-2 T , PS-17, and PS-19) represent a novel species of Shewanella, for which Shewanella cutis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PS-2 T (= TBRC 15838 T  = NBRC 115342 T )., (© 2023. Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.)

Objective: The family Paenibacillaceae is linked to the order Caryophanales. Paenibacillaceae members residing in compost or soil play crucial roles in nutrient recycling and breaking down complex organic materials. However, our understanding of Paenibacillaceae remains limited., Methods: Strain SYSU GA230002 T was conclusively identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach frequently utilized in bacterial systematics. Standard microbiological techniques were employed to characterize the morphology and biochemistry of strain SYSU GA230002 T ., Results: An anaerobic and gram--negative bacterium, designated SYSU GA230002 T , was isolated from geothermally heated soil of Tengchong, Yunnan Province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes showed that strain SYSU GA230002 T belongs to the family Paenibacillaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<94.0 %), ANI (<71.95 %) and AAI values (<58.67 %) between strain SYSU GA230002 T with other members of the family were lower than the threshold values recommended for distinguishing novel species. Growth was observed at 30-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl concentrations (optimum, 0 %). The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 and iso-C 17:0 . The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G + C content of strain SYSU GA230002 T was 49.87 %., Conclusion: Based on the results of morphological, physiological properties, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this strain is proposed to represent a new species of a new genus Ferviditalea candida gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is SYSU GA230002 T (=KCTC 25726 T  = GDMCC 1.4160 T )., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) are generated during innate immunity and inflammation, where they play a variety of biological roles, including regulation of autoimmunity and coagulation. Some are generated by enzymatic reactions, leading to stereo- and regiospecificity, while many others can be formed through nonenzymatic oxidation and truncation and can be used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Mass spectrometry methods have been developed over many years for oxPL analysis, which can provide robust estimations of molecular species and amounts, where standards are available. Here we present a method used for the analysis of enzymatically-generated oxPL (eoxPL), which allows quantification of mono-hydroxy oxylipin-containing species. We also show profiling of many other partially characterized structures in tissue samples and provide typical chromatograms obtained., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Lipidomic profiling has been reported as an effective approach for characterizing and differentiating brain tumors. However, since lipids can undergo non-specific enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions due to tissue disruption, it is critical to consider the preanalytical phase of the diagnostic process (e.g., optimizing the sampling time and sampling conditions). Thus, this study assesses the ways in which the time point of sampling impacts the lipidome composition of brain tumors. Two histologically distinct brain tumors-namely, meningiomas and gliomas-were sampled using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers at two time points: on-site directly after removal, and after 12 months of storage at -30 °C. The samples were analyzed via HILIC chromatography coupled with HRMS, which enabled the detection of a wide range of features, including phospholipids and sphingolipids, as well as changes in the profiles of these compounds. The samples obtained from the stored tissues tended to have elevated levels of analytes with lower m/z values. In addition, the samples obtained from the fresh and stored tissues were easily distinguished based on their lipidome compositions, regardless of the histological tumor type. Notably, while storage did not affect the possibility of differentiating meningiomas and gliomas, the biological interpretation of the obtained results were prone to bias., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Barbara Bojko reports financial support was provided by National Science Centre Poland. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Human milk phospholipids (HMPLs) play an indispensable role in the neurodevelopment and growth of infants. In this study, a total of 37 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) species and 139 phospholipid molecular species were detected from human milk and other natural phospholipid sources (including 5 animal-derived species and 2 plant species). Moreover, a similarity evaluation model for HMPLs was established, including phospholipid classes, PLFAs, and phospholipid molecular species, to evaluate their natural substitutes. The closest scores for HMPL substitute in these three dimensions was 0.89, 0.72, and 0.77, which belonged to mare milk, goat milk, and camel milk, respectively. The highest comprehensive similarity score was obtained by camel milk at 0.75, while the lowest score was observed in soybean phospholipid (0.22). Therefore, these results not only monitored the stereochemical structure of HMPLs and their substitutes, but also further provided new insights for the development of infant formulae., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Author Hong Zhang, Xuebing Xu, and Ruihua Guo were employed by Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis is used for characterizing microbial communities based on their lipid profiles. This method avoids biases from PCR or culture, allowing data collection in a natural state. However, PLFA is labor-intensive due to lipid fractionation. Simplified ester-linked fatty acid analysis (ELFA), which skips lipid fractionation, offers an alternative. It utilizes base-catalyzed methylation to derivatize only lipids, not free fatty acids, and found glycolipid and neutral lipid fractions are scarcely present in most bacteria, allowing lipid fractionation to be skipped. ELFA method showed a high correlation to PLFA data (r = 0.99) and higher sensitivity than the PLFA method by 1.5-2.57-fold, mainly due to the higher recovery of lipids, which was 1.5-1.9 times higher than with PLFA. The theoretical limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the ELFA method indicated that 1.54-fold less sample was needed for analysis than with the PLFA method. Our analysis of three bacterial cultures and a simulated consortium revealed the effectiveness of the ELFA method by its simple procedure and enhanced sensitivity for detecting strain-specific markers, which were not detected in PLFA analysis. Overall, this method could be easily used for the population analysis of synthetic consortia., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The lipids and volatile compounds in pork from different parts, including the loin, belly, shoulder and hind leg were analyzed by triple quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF/MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), respectively. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Pearson correlation analysis were utilized to establish the relationship between the lipids and volatile compounds. A total of 8 main flavour substances, 38 main phospholipids, and 32 main fatty acids were identified. The results showed that the key flavour compounds were mainly derived from unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-Linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), PE O (18:1/20:4), PE O (18:2/20:4), and PE O (18:2/18:2), etc. Understanding the relationship between flavour compounds and lipids of pork will be helpful to control the quality of pork., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes has rapidly increased. Taking into account, that elevated intracellular lipid concentrations, as well as their metabolism, are correlated with diminished insulin sensitivity, in this study we would like to show lipids spectroscopy markers of diabetes. For this purpose, serum collected from rats (animal model of diabetes) was analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Analyzed spectra showed that rats with diabetes presented higher concentration of phospholipids and cholesterol in comparison with non-diabetic rats. Moreover, the analysis of second (II nd ) derivative spectra showed no structural changes in lipids. Machine learning methods showed higher accuracy for II nd derivative spectra (from 65 % to 89 %) than for absorbance FTIR spectra (53-65 %). Moreover, it was possible to identify significant wavelength intervals from II nd derivative spectra using random forest-based feature selection algorithm, which further increased the accuracy of the classification (up to 92 % for phospholipid region). Moreover decision tree based on the selected features showed, that peaks at 1016 cm -1 and 2936 cm -1 can be good candidates of lipids marker of diabetes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

A Gram-strain-negative, aerobic, yellow-colored, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated IMCC34852 T , was isolated from a freshwater stream in the Republic of Korea. Cellular growth occurred at 10-37 °C, pH 6.0-9.0, and with 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain IMCC34852 T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and that the strain was most closely related to F. cheonhonense ARSA-15  T (97.6%), F. buctense T7 T (96.7%), F. silvisoli RD-2-33  T (96.1%), and F. paronense KNUS1 T (96.1%). The whole-genome sequence of strain IMCC34852 T was 3.2 Mbp in size, with a DNA G + C content 37.3%. The average nucleotide identities (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain IMCC34852 T and its related species were all below 79.8% and 22.7%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the thresholds of 95% for ANI and 70% for DDH for species delineation. The major respiratory quinone of strain IMCC34852 T was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15:0 (32.6%), iso-C 16:0 (11.7%), iso-C 15:1 G (10.3%), and iso-C 14:0 (6.7%). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and six unidentified lipids. Based on these results, it was concluded that strain IMCC34852 T represents a novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium rivulicola sp. nov is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is IMCC34852 T (= KACC 23133  T  = KCTC 82066  T  = NBRC 114419  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A novel rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain SYSU D60015 T that formed yellowish colonies was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Kumtag Desert in Xinjiang, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and motile with a single polar flagellum. Growth optimum occurred between 28 and 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0-0.5% (W/V) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c), C 19:0 cyclo ω8c, C 18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and C 16:0 . The polar lipid profile contained one phosphatidylethanolamine, one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and seven unidentified lipids. The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU D60015 T was found to form a distinct linage within the family Sneathiellaceae, and had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 90.8% to Taonella mepensis H1 T , and 90.2% to Ferrovibrio denitrificans S3 T . The genome of SYSU D60015 T was 5.66 Mb in size with 68.2% of DNA G + C content. The low digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 18.0%), average nucleotide identity (ANI, 77.5%) and amino acid identity (AAI, 56.0%) values between SYSU D60015 T and Ferrovibrio terrae K5 T indicated that SYSU D60015 T might represent a distinct genus. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, we propose Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov. as a novel species of a new genus within the family Sneathiellaceae. The type strain is SYSU D60015 T (= NBRC 112952 T  = CGMCC 1.16256 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Functional mass spectrometry imaging (fMSI) is a potent tool for elucidating the spatial distribution of enzyme activities in tissues at high resolution. In this study, we applied fMSI to probe the intricate biosynthesis of phospholipids, which exist as thousands of molecular species in tissues and exhibit a unique distribution specific to cell type. By using deuterium- and 13 C-labeled substrates, we visualized the activities of key enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis, including glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAAT), lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLAT), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL). Additionally, we were able to visualize a two-step sequential enzyme reaction involving ACSL and LPLAT. This novel approach unveiled significant variations in enzyme activity distribution depending on the type of fatty acids used as substrates. It will also help to reveal the mechanisms underlying the formation of numerous phospholipid species.

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role as a link between vegetation and soil nutrient cycling. However, it is unclear how vegetation and soil influence microbial community during the ecological restoration process of the Mu Us Desert. Using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers and integrating shrub, herbaceous plants, and soil factors, we explored the characteristics and regulations of soil microbial community changes. In this study, we used and took the soil after 10, 30, 50, and 70 years of Caragana korshinskii sand-fixing forest restoration, with moving dunes as a control (0 year). The results showed that the ecological restoration effect index increased significantly with the increase of recovery years. The total PLFA contents in 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70 years were 47.75, 55.89, 63.53, 67.23, and 82.29 nmol·g -1 , respectively. With the increases of ecological restoration index, the biomass of fungi and bacteria, as well as the ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria, all showed significant increase, while the biomass of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial communities, and the ratio of fungi to bacteria, demonstrated significant decrease. Shrub, herbaceous plants, and soil factors could explain 72.4% of the vari-ation of soil microbial community composition, with higher contribution of soil factors than vegetation factors. The total content of phospholipid fatty acids of soil microbial community in Mu Us Desert increased with the increases of restoration years. Soil water content, pH, total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon were the main driving factors affecting the characteristics of soil microbial community. With the increases of restoration years of C. korshinskii sand-fixation forests in the Mu Us Desert, there were significant changes in the structure of soil microbial communities, which were primarily driven by soil factors.

Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hayek is a plant common in southern Bulgaria. The inflorescences were collected during June and September 2021, while their seeds were obtained in September 2021. The chemical and lipid composition of the inflorescences during the vegetation process of the plant were established. A significant decrease in total proteins (from 8.7 to 7.4%), glyceride oils (2.0-1.7%), and ash (4.5-4.2%) content was observed, while the amount of carbohydrates (72.3-77.2%) and fibers (28.7-35.8%) increased. During the vegetation of the plant, the content of oleic and linoleic acids increased up to 2-3 times, while the level of palmitic acid decreased. The lipids from the seeds were rich in oleic (53.0%) and palmitic (36.2%) acids. The tocopherol content in the oils of the inflorescences during vegetation increased from 58 to 110 mg/kg, and the content in the oil from the seeds was 260 mg/kg. The phospholipid content decreased during vegetation, and differences were observed in the composition between the inflorescences and the seeds. The high content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, tocopherols, and phospholipids determine the nutritional and biological value of the oils isolated from Centaurea thracica , and contribute to their potential use in various directions.

A Gram-staining-negative, facultative aerobic, motile strain, designated strain ZSDE20 T , was isolated from the surface seawater of Qingdao offshore. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain ZSDE20 T , affiliated it to the genus Photobacterium. It was closely related to Photobacterium lutimaris DF-42  T (98.92% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Growth occurred at 4-28ºC (optimum 28ºC), pH 1.0-7.0 (optimum 7.0) and in the presence of 1-7% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3%). The dominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c or/and C16:1 ω6c, 34.23%), summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and C18:1 ω6c, 10.36%) and C16:0 (20.05%). The polar lipids of strain ZSDE20 T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown lipids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The DNA G + C content of strain ZSDE20 T was 45.6 mol%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between ZSDE20 T and its reference species were lower than the threshold for species delineation (95-96%); in silico DNA-DNA hybridization further showed that strain ZSDE20 T had less than 70% similarity to its relatives. Based on the polyphasic evidences, strain ZSDE20 T is proposed as representing a novel species of the genus Photobacterium, for which the name Photobacterium pectinilyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZSDE20 T (= MCCC 1K06283 T  = KCTC 82885  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain TK19101 T , was isolated from the intermediate seawater of yellow vent in the shallow-sea hydrothermal system located near Kueishantao Island. The strain was found to grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, 7.0), and in 0-5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). Strain TK19101 T was catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. The predominant fatty acids (> 10%) in strain TK19101 T cells were C 16:0 , summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c and/or C 18:1 ω7c), and C 18:0 . The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain TK19101 T was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids of strain TK19101 T comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, and unknown polar lipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TK19101 T belonged to the genus Mesobacterium. Strain TK19101 T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to Mesobacterium pallidum MCCC M24557 T (97.48%). The estimated average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain TK19101 T and the closest related species Mesobacterium pallidum MCCC M24557 T were 74.88% and 20.30%, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 63.49 mol%. On the basis of the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain TK19101 T has a unique phylogenetic status and represents a novel species of genus Mesobacterium, for which the name Mesobacterium hydrothermale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TK19101 T (= MCCC 1K08936 T  = KCTC 8354 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterial strains, designated F26243 T and F60267 T were isolated from coastal sediment in Weihai, China. Strains F26243 T and F60267 T were grown at 4-40 °C (optimum 33 °C), pH 7.0-9.5 and pH 6.5-9.5 (optimum at pH 7.0), in the presence of 1.0-7.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5%) and 1.0-12.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0%), respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequences phylogenetic analysis showed that strains F26243 T and F60267 T are closely related to the genus Marinobacter and exhibited the highest sequence similarities to Marinobacter salexigens HJR7 T (97.7% and 98.0%, respectively), the similarity between two isolates was 96.7%. Strains F26243 T and F60267 T displayed genomic DNA G + C content of 53.6% and 53.8%, respectively. When compared to the M. salexigens HJR7 T , the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 83.7% and 84.1%, and the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values were 79.9% and 84.6%, respectively. Ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) was the only respiratory quinone detected in both isolates. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) were summed feature 3 (comprising C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c), C 16:0 and C 18:1 ω9c. The polar lipid profiles of strains F26243 T and F60267 T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and one unidentified phospholipid. Based on genomic characteristics, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic, strains F26243 T and F60267 T represent two novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the names Marinobacter sediminicola sp. nov. and Marinobacter xiaoshiensis sp. nov. are proposed, the type strains are F26243 T (= KCTC 92640 T  = MCCC 1H01345 T ) and F60267 T (= KCTC 92638 T  = MCCC 1H01346 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Two Gram-staining-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped and phosphate-solubilizing strains designated SG2303 T and SG2305, were isolated from paddy soil in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SG2303 T and SG2305 represented a member of the genus Crenobacter within the family Neisseriaceae of the phylum Pseudomonadota. Strain SG2303 T displayed higher 16 S rRNA gene sequence similarities with members of the genus Crenobacter ranging from 93.5 to 94.0%. Strains C. luteus YIM 78141 T and C. cavernae K1W11S-77 T were closest related to the isolated strains and were considered as type strains. Growth of strain SG2303 T occurred at 10-55 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0) and 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain SG2303 T and its closely related taxa were 76.1-78.2% and 20.5-22.1%, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content was 62.2%. The quinone of strain SG2303 T was Q-8. The major fatty acids (> 10%) of strain SG2303 T were C 16:0 (30.6%), summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c) (26.0%) and C 12:0 3OH (12.1%). The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phospholipids (PL), glycolipid (GL) and unidentified lipids (UL). Based on the results of the phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and morphological analysis, strain SG2303 T is recognized as a novel species of the genus Crenobacter, for which the name Crenobacter oryzisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG2303 T (= GDMCC 1.3970 T  = JCM 36468 T ). In addition, SG2303 T was also able of phosphorus solubilization and promoting the growth of rice seeds. Strain SG2303 T exhibited a relatively high dissolvable phosphorus content of 2.52 µg·mL - 1 ., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)