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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCC) carries a 0.3-1.8% risk of bile duct injury (BDI). This study investigated if intraoperative photo documentation of the critical view of safety (CVS) is related to lower rates of BDIs and postoperative complications in LCC. Methods: Surgeons were instructed to take photos of the view before clipping the cystic duct and artery. Two independent raters scored the photos 0-6 using predefined criteria for CVS. Mean scores of >= 4.5 were satisfactory. Results: The study consisted of 1532 patients undergoing LCC between April 2018 and October 2019. CVS was satisfactory in 354 (23.1%), unsatisfactory in 823 (53.7%), and photos were missing in 355 (23.2%) patients. Patients with satisfactory CVS had the lowest BDI rate compared with unsatisfactory CVS or missing photos (0.3% vs. 1.0% vs. 2.3%, p = 0.012). Four major BDIs (Strasberg D-E) occurred, but none in patients with satisfactory CVS. Patients with satisfactory CVS had the lowest postoperative complication rate compared with patients with unsatisfactory CVS or without photos (4.8% vs. 7.9 vs. 9.9%, p = 0.011). Of patients with acute cholecystitis, 15.7% had satisfactory CVS, whereas 26.8% without cholecystitis had satisfactory CVS (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Intraoperative photo documentation of satisfactory CVS is associated with lower rates of BDIs and complications.

Heutzutage werden hohe Qualitätsansprüche an Bauwerke gestellt. Um diese zu erfüllen, gibt es viele unterschiedliche Prüfungen, welche in Normen und Richtlinien definiert sind. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Prüfungen, die laut den österreichischen Regeln der Technik notwendig sind, um die Bauwerksqualität am Hochbau zu sichern. Da der Hochbau ein umfassendes Thema ist, werden klar definierte Bereiche in dieser Bachelorarbeit erläutert. Zuerst wird auf die grundlegenden gewerkspezifischen Prüfungen und die Maßtoleranzen im Hochbau eingegangen. Der Hauptteil ist ein Prüfbuch, in welchem die wichtigsten Kontrollen und Prüfungen gemäß den Regeln der Technik in Österreich aufgelistet sind. Dafür wurden Normen bzw. Richtlinien aufmerksam durchgearbeitet und die wichtigsten Informationen übersichtlich in einer Tabelle zusammengestellt. Dieses Prüfbuch ist für die Nutzung auf einer Baustelle durch einen Bauleiter bzw. eine örtliche Bauaufsicht konzipiert. Zuletzt gibt es eine Umfrage, in welcher Ziviltechniker, Bauleiter und Projektmanager/-entwickler systematisch zum Thema Prüfbuch befragt wurden. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass Prüfbücher im Bauwesen nicht weit verbreitet sind. Aber ein Großteil der Befragten hält deren Anwendung für sinnvoll und würde ein kostenpflichtiges Prüfbuch selbst nutzen bzw. weiterempfehlen. Nowadays high quality requirements are placed on buildings. In order to meet these, there are a lot of different inspections, which are defined in standards and guidelines. This thesis deals with the inspections, which are necessary according to the Austrian rules of technology, in order to guarantee the quality of buildings. Since building construction is a vast subject, clearly defined areas are explained in this bachelor thesis. At first the basic trade-specific inspections and the dimensional tolerances in building construction are explained. The main part is an inspection book in which the most important inspections and tests are listed according to the rules of technology in Austria. For this purpose, standards respectively guidelines have been carefully reviewed and the most important information has been compiled in a table. This inspection book is designed for the use on a construction site by a construction manager or a local construction supervisor. At the end there is a survey in which civil engineers, construction managers and project managers/developers were systematically questioned on the subject of inspection books. It turned out that inspection books are not widespread in the construction industry. But the majority considers their application to be useful and would use or recommend a fee-based inspection book.

The ceramic vessels from necropolis No. II were redocumented during the ongoing revision of archaeological material from cemeteries belonging to the Roman military fort with civil hinterland – Gerulata. This necropolis contains the highest informative value for both archaeological and anthropological material. Therefore, for the needs of this study, a set of pottery was chosen from that particular site, which consisted of approximately 120 complete various-shaped artefacts to be used for volume calculation. The vessels primarily served for offerings but were also partly used as urns. Drawing and photo documentation was used to create 3D models of the individual artefacts. These visualisations were a data source for the quantitative measurement of the volume variations. Models and volume calculations were created in Blender open-source software before identifying a correlation between vessel shape and volume and the graves in which they were found. The main subject of this research was to identify potential structural coherence within the funerary habits using the univariate statistical analysis produced in PAST 3 open-source software.

Vor dem Hintergrund von Globalisierungsprozessen und einem damit verbundenen gesellschaftlichen Wandel gewinnt kulturelle Bildung für den Erwerb von fächerübergreifenden Schlüsselkompetenzen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dabei weist der Lernort Schule im Hinblick auf die kulturelle Teilhabe von Kindern und Jugendlichen aus benachteiligten sozialen Lagen besonderes Po-tenzial auf. Um kulturelle Bildung in der Schule erfolgreich zu implementieren, müssen Lehrer*innen über entsprechendes Wissen verfügen. Dass sich bislang nur in wenigen Konzepten der Lehrer*innenbildung eine thematische Verankerung von Aspekten kultureller Bildung feststellen lässt, wird mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag aufgegriffen. Es wird eine Seminareinheit zur Einführung in das Thema kulturelle Bildung aus zwei Masterseminaren der sprachlichen Grundbildung sowie einem bildungswissenschaftlichen Seminar vorgestellt. Teil dieser Seminareinheit sind zwei Arbeitsaufträge, die mithilfe einer Fotodokumentation und einer Grup-penarbeit (World-Café) mit anschließender Postergestaltung das Verständnis der Lehramtsstudierenden von Kultur und kultureller Bildung thematisieren., Against the background of increasing globalization and social change, cultural education is becoming increasingly important for the acquisition of interdisciplinary key competences. In this context, schools as a learning location have particular potential with regard to the cultural participation of children and young people from disadvantaged social backgrounds. In order to successfully implement Arts Education in schools, teachers must have the appropriate knowledge and skills. The present article addresses the fact that only a few concepts of teacher education have so far been able to anchor aspects of Arts Education thematically. A unit introducing the topic of cultural education, consisting of two master's seminars on basic language education and one seminar on educational science, is presented. Part of this seminar unit are two work assignments that focus on the understanding of culture and cultural education by means of a photo documentation and a group work (World-Café) with subsequent poster design.

In November 2019, an important historical event was held. A small collection of F. Ruysch, which is stored in the fundamental Museum of the Department of normal anatomy of the Military medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov, has received a second life, thanks to friendly scientific relations between Military medical Academy and the University of Leiden. The unique collection of anatomical preparations, which Peter I called The Eighth wonder of the world, was created by the great Dutch anatomist, doctor of medicine, Professor of anatomy and botany at the University of Amsterdam F. Ruysch. A large collection was acquired by Peter I in 1717 specifically to the future of the Kunstkammer (now the Museum of Peter the Great) and taken to Russia under the supervision of the first President of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences L.L. Blumentrost. Small collection of F. Ruysch was presented to Peter I in the late seventeenth century (1697). It has withstood more than 300-year storage period. Numerous movements and different storage conditions, of course, left its mark on the appearance of these precious unique anatomical specimens. The last event of violations were associated with the early repair of the anatomical building of the Military medical Academy.We must pay tribute to the enthusiasm and unselfishness of the staff of Leiden University headed by a great friend of Russia I.F. Hendriks, who was able to organize a team of professionals in the Museum business. This team included the head of Leiden University, Professor P.C.W. Hodendoorn and specialist in restoration and percussively anatomical preparations A.J. Van Dam. Hard work was multi-stage. First conducted a thorough verification of anatomical specimens of F. Ruysch with the existing directories of the Departments records. Identification of the preparations to the F. Ruysch collection was carried out by the appearance of containers, labels, appearance of preparations, the study of embalming fluid. Photo documentation of each study drug was accompanied by reports signed bilateral commission. After pre-treatment the special chemicals and equipment were delivered, and conducted direct work on restoration and percussively. It lasted 10 days. Members of the Department received a unique master class on the restoration of wet embalmed museum anatomical specimens, and received recommendations for their storage.

Aim. Comparison of the results of the use of dermatoscopic algorithms «Chaos and Clues», «Triage Amalgamated Dermoscopic Algorithm» (TADA) and BLINCK technique in the diagnosis of melanoma and other malignant skin tumors depending on the presence of previous dermatoscopy experience. Materials and methods. Algorithms were tested on 85 patients with 85 skin formations who visited the polyclinic of Kursk Regional Clinical Oncology Clinic in 2017–2019. The average age of the patients was 54.8 years old. Dermatoscopy was performed by the non-polarized dermatoscope HEINE mini 3000, photo documentation by the Canon PowerShot SX540 HS camera. Immersion medium – ethyl alcohol (conc. 70%). Patients were carefully examined physiologically and clinically. A clinical and epiluminescence pattern of all neoplasms was obtained, their morphological examination was performed. For the research 2 groups of 3 participants were formed based on the criterion of previous dermatoscopy experience. Each algorithm was evaluated by objective (sensitivity, specificity) and subjective (speed, convenience) criteria. The dermatoscopic results obtained by the techniques used were compared to the histological findings. Results. Using algorithms by a group having previous dermatoscopy experience, the following results were obtained: in the method «Chaos and Clues» sensitivity – 93.75±3.3%, specificity – 77.4±4.6%, speed – 3 points, convenience – 3 points. TADA sensitivity – 96.8±2.2%, specificity – 79.2±4.8%, speed – 4 points, convenience – 5 points. BLINCK sensitivity – 96.8±2.2% specificity – 77.4±4.6%, speed – 4 points, convenience – 5 points. In the group with no previous dermatoscopy experience, the results were as follows: in the «Chaos and Clues» algorithm, sensitivity – 93.75±3.3%, specificity – 62.3±5.7%, speed – 3 points, convenience – 3 points. TADA sensitivity – 84.4±4.6%, specificity – 64.2±5.8%, speed – 4 points, convenience – 5 points; BLINCK sensitivity – 80.6±4.4%, specificity – 77.4±4.6%, speed – 5 points, convenience – 4 points. Thus, these algorithms can be used in the diagnosis of malignant skin neoplasms. At the same time, individuals with no experience of dermatoscopy are encouraged to use the «Chaos and Clues» algorithm. In a group having experience in dermatoscopy, both the TADA and the BLINCK technique can be used equally.

Batik Tulis in the Klang Valley has motif and pattern design that identified its own identity. The purpose of this study is to find out the development of the Batik tulis industry in the Klang valley from year 2000 until 2018. Next, it also to study the design and identity of the Batik tulis motif and pattern in the Klang valley from year 2000 until 2018. This study used several methods and approach for data collection consist of interviews, observations and photo documentation. Three Batik tulis manufacturers in Klang Valley have been identified in carrying out this study. The data were then analysed using analytical design approach. The findings showed that, each product of Batik tulis has a uniqueness in terms of subject matters as well as assertions in pattern and designs used. The development of the Batik tulis industry has been changed in terms of design according to the demand of batik users themselves who want differentiation in the design concept of batik products. Most of the batik products in this Klang valley are more focused on the concept of modern and contemporary design. It involves the use of colours, the type of fabrics and the selection of motifs characterized by flora and fauna in modern style. In conclusion, Batik tulis designs and identity in the Klang Valley from year 2000 until 2018 are still retain the originality of the flora and fauna motifs themselves but have made the design of the traditional style to a more modern and contemporary design. However, the design aspect of Hand drawn Batik products in the Klang Valley today needs to be disclosed to the public so that, it can maintain the textile arts, especially the Batik tulis as a Malay textile heritage.Keywords: Klang Valley, batik Tulis, Design, Manufacturer, Identity

Introduction: The doctor-patient relationship is based on good quality of communication and interaction with thepatient, so that it not only can help speed up the healing process, but also make the patient feel comfortable sincethe first visit to the health service. When dealing with pediatric patients, the ability to build a relationship of mutualtrust is done with a more open, honest attitude and understanding what they are feeling. Aim of study: This studyaims to see a real picture of the relationships, interactions and interpersonal communication between doctors andpatients in health care. Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive study where data is obtained throughinterview transcripts, field observation data notes and photo documentation. A total of 7 participants were obtainedthrough a purposive sampling technique on pediatricians who are accustomed to engaging in effective relationships,interactions and communication with pediatric patients, families and introductors. Data were then analyzed usingthe Miles and Huberman method. Results and Discussions: The results showed three important aspects related torelations, interactions and interpersonal communication between patient physicians in terms of educating,providing entertainment and strengthening patient motivation while in health care. Conclusions: Effectiveinterpersonal communication requires the optimal role of the doctor as a communicator to deliver messages to thepatient or family or patient introduction. In addition, the communication relationship between doctor and patientshould be therapeutic, especially in patients who are still children so that they do not feel scared while in healthcare, which in turn has an impact on the development of patient recovery.

Installed on sidewalks, Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI) aims to help people with visual impairments so that they can be more independent, mobile, confident, and safe when passing the road on which they often or even first-time pass. Improper installation of TGSI will make people with visual impairments confused and potentially cause accidents. This study aims to evaluate and discuss the existing conditions of TGSI installations on secondary arterial roads in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia and their impact on people with visual impairments. A field survey was conducted to answer this research question through measurements and photo documentation to discover the length of the installed TGSI and the condition of the existing of TGSI installation. The results indicated that out of the 14 secondary arterial road segments in Yogyakarta City, only 6 road segments or 43% of the roads had been installed with TGSI and the road sections had not been connected between each other. In addition, the major issues of existing TGSI installation are low connectivity, dangerous paths, inconsistent installations, and sidewalk facilities that did not consider people with visual impairments. Therefore, it can be said that the use of the TGSI facilities on secondary arterial roads in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, has not been effective and dangerous for people with visual impairments. Keywords: Tactile ground surface indicators, Sidewalk, Visual impairment, Secondary arteries

Background The technical competence of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is rapidly acquired but to support the practice of complete examination, the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Association of Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS) strongly recommend photo-documentation of 8 standardized set stations in an OGD. Photo-documentation ensures complete examination, opportunity to inspect area of interest and serves as a legal record of adequate procedure. Methods Retrospective single center study involving review of randomly selected 100 OGD reports from 1/1/2018 till 31/3/2020 from the Endorad system. The reports on online Endorad system were reviewed for photo-documentation of 8 set stations and was also used to collect data on age, sex and the endoscopist. Microsoft Excel was used for data entry and analysis. Results Out of the 100 OGDs reviewed, 58% were males and 42% females. The mean age being 62.7 +/- 13.5. 60% of OGDs were done by surgeons, 25% by gastroenterologist and 15% by Advanced Nurse Practioner. No report had photo-documentation of all 8 stations. Most (40%) had photos of 5 stations, most common was photo evidence at retroflexion (95%) followed by photographic evidence of intubation to D2 (84%). Conclusions OGD is the gold standard test for the investigation of upper gastrointestinal symptoms, the importance lies in the early detection of cancers which maybe amenable to endoscopic treatment. For this reason its important to adhere to guidelines to improve quality in OGD

V aktualnem besedilu se fokusiram na sodobne smernice v filozofiji (spekulativni realizem), implikacijo abjekta in estetiko campa ter produkcijo objektov iz termoreverzibilnih materialov in epoksija. Dekadentni romanopisec Joris Karl Huysmans, natančneje njegovo delo Proti toku, mi služi za analogijo ustvarjalca, potopljenega v modalnosti svojega umetniškega objekta. Definiram virtualen, navidezen kontekst, iz katerega so ti objekti ekstrahirani, in se ukvarjam z razpršeno naravo njihove distribucije. Kot ključne oporne točke pri vizualni produkciji uporabim delo Charlotte Posenenske, glasbeni video Grace Jones v režiji Nicka Hookerja, postinternet in Evo Hesse. Slednja mi je v pomoč pri odkrivanju serialnega značaja lastnega dela. Koncentriram se na princip semplanja, transgresijo, najdeni predmet in objektu določim konkretno fizično dispozicijo v prostoru. My thesis focuses on contemporary trends in philosophy (speculative realism), the implication of the abject, camp aesthetics and the production of objects from thermoreversible materials and resin. Joris-Karl Huysmans, French decadent novelist, or more precisely, his work Against Nature, provides an analogy for a creator immersed in the modality of his art object. I define the virtual context from which these objects are extracted, and deal with the dispersed nature of their distribution. Charlotte Posenenske, Grace Jones’ video directed by Nick Hooker, Postinternet and Eva Hesse are used as key points in my visual production. I rely on the latter to discover the serial character of my work. I concentrate on the principle of sampling, transgression, the found object and determine the object’s physical disposition in space.

V diplomski nalogi skušam orisati postopne mutacije sodobne umetnosti v relaciji do njenih tehnoloških okoliščin, pri čemer se posebej osredotočam predvsem na implikacije algoritmov in nevronskih mrež. Prek primerov nekaterih nedavnih umetnostnih praks ter z njimi povezanih teoretizacij ponazorim sodobne strategije mišljenja in izvajanja kulturne produkcije, ki se prilagajajo medijski krajini sedanjosti in prihodnosti, pri čemer spreminjajo odnos do avtorstva, inovacije, reprezentacije, politike in umetnostnega trga. Po kratki razlagi tehnologije nevronskih mrež v zaključku predstavim tudi svojo avtorsko prakso in načrt za samostojno razstavo, v katerem ponazorim aplikacije predlaganih strategij. In my dissertation I try to outline the gradual mutations of contemporary art in relation to its technological circumstances, with a special focus on the implications of algorithms and neural networks. Through examples of some recent art practices and related theorizations, I illustrate contemporary strategies of thinking and performing cultural production that adapt to the media landscape of the present and the future while changing attitudes towards authorship, innovation, representation, politics and the art market. After a brief explanation of neural network technology, I present my practice and a plan for a solo exhibition through which I illustrate some applications of the proposed strategies.

A phosphating process modified for a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel was performed at various temperatures and influence on the surface properties of the Domex steel covered by manganese phosphate (MnP) was investigated by electrochemical corrosion tests supported by a photo documentation performed by the SEM. Corrosion measurements were performed in 0.1M NaCl solution at 22±2 °C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentio-dynamic polarisation in order to obtain thermodynamic and kinetic corrosion characteristics and individual elements of equivalent circuits. It is that a temperature of the phosphating process has a very significant effect on protection properties of the created manganese phosphate coating on the Domex steel and needs to be strictly monitored. According to results of corrosion testing and surface morphology observations, the optimal temperature for the phosphating process on the tested Domex steel was chosen.

Corneal calcification is a vision-threatening manifestation of calcium containing agents in ocular burn. As we previously reported, our interest was sparked by a particular discrepancy of a case: A patient treated for a non-calcium containing agent in eye burn from exposure to an alkaline mixture of NaOH and KOH, who unexpectedly developed corneal calcification. This current study aims to elucidate whether the 2 min lasting irrigation with a phosphate-buffered saline itself, regardless of rinsing regimen, triggers corneal calcification. The Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT) system was used on rabbit corneas to replicate the very same phosphate-buffered saline solution the patient was treated with. The rabbit corneas were first burned with 1 M NaOH, rinsed with 4.9% phosphate-buffered saline for 2 min, and were then moisturized with an artificial tear solution for 48 h. All corneas were fluorescein-stained for photo documentation, snap-frozen, lyophilizated, and the electrolyte content was analyzed by Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The EDX analysis revealed pathological phosphorous in corneal stroma after a single rinsing with phosphate-buffered saline. Ongoing application of artificial tears containing physiological 14.581 mmol Ca2+ /l led to macroscopically visible calcification, but only in areas of induced corneal erosion. Regardless of the rinsing protocol neither 2 or 15 min of eye rinsing with phosphate containing rinsing solutions, we have given proof that corneal calcification is a foreseeable effect of the phosphate-buffered saline rinsing of mechanically epithelial damaged and chemically burnt eyes. Thus, it is crucial to legally restrict the formulations of phosphate-buffered salines in the medical treatment of eye burns, corneal erosions or chemical splashes of the eye.

Two-dimensional photographic documentation is a substantial part of post-mortem examinations for legal investigations. Additional three-dimensional surface documentation has been shown to assist in the visualization of findings and contribute to the reconstruction of the sequence of events. However, 2D photo documentation and, especially, 3D surface documentation, are time-consuming procedures that require specially trained personnel. In this study a 3D imaging system, called VirtoScan-on-Rails, was developed to automate and facilitate 3D surface documentation for photo documentation in autopsy suites. The imaging system was built to quickly acquire photogrammetric image sets of whole bodies during different stages of external and internal examinations. VirtoScan-on-Rails was set up in the autopsy suite of the Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Zurich (Zurich, Switzerland). The imaging system is based on a movable frame that carries a multi-camera array. Data quality and the applicability of the system were analyzed and evaluated within two test series. Up to 200 overlapping photographic images were acquired at consecutive image-capturing positions over a distance of approximately 2000 mm. The image-capturing process took 1 min and 23 s to acquire a set of 200 images for one side of the body. During test series one and two, 53 photogrammetric image sets taken from 31 forensic cases were successfully reconstructed. VirtoScan-on-Rails is an automated, fast and easy-to-use 3D imaging setup for autopsy suits. It facilitates documenting bodies during different stages of forensic examinations and allows standardizing the procedure of photo documentation.

Here, we provide unique photo documentation and observational evidence of rescue behaviour described for the first time in wild boar. Rescue behaviour represents an extreme form of prosocial behaviour that has so far only been demonstrated in a few species. It refers to a situation when one individual acts to help another individual that finds itself in a dangerous or stressful situation and it is considered by some authors as a complex form of empathy. We documented a case in which an adult female wild boar manipulated wooden logs securing the door mechanism of a cage trap and released two entrapped young wild boars. The whole rescue was fast and particular behaviours were complex and precisely targeted, suggesting profound prosocial tendencies and exceptional problem-solving capacities in wild boar. The rescue behaviour might have been motivated by empathy because the rescuer female exhibited piloerection, a sign of distress, indicating an empathetic emotional state matching or understanding the victims. We discuss this rescue behaviour in the light of possible underlying motivators, including empathy, learning and social facilitation.

Purpose To report the results of the survey for the role of anti-VEGF in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among the members of Indian ROP (iROP) society. Methods A questionnaire was designed in English using Google forms and its link was circulated to the members of the iROP society on their mobile numbers. The survey included questions pertaining to demographics, anti-VEGF agents, injection technique, post-injection follow-up, and documentation pertaining to their ROP practice. Anonymous responses were obtained and analyzed for individual questions. Results 226 members of the society were contacted and 157 responded (69.4%) to the survey. 137 (87.2%) respondents used anti-VEGF in the management of ROP. Aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) was the most common indication (78, 52.7%). The procedure was carried out in the main operation room (102, 70.3%) simultaneously for both the eyes (97; 68%) under topical anesthesia (134; 86.4%) by most of the respondents. One-hundred thirteen (77.9%) respondents used half of the adult dose, irrespective of the agent used; however, more than half of them preferred bevacizumab (85, 54%). 53 (36.3%) respondents followed up infants as per disease severity rather than a fixed schedule while only 33 (23%) performed photo documentation. 151 (96.2%) respondents felt the need for guidelines regarding the usage of anti-VEGF in ROP. Conclusion There is an increase in the trend towards the use of anti-VEGF in the management of severe ROP, particularly APROP. However, there are considerable variations among the ROP practitioners regarding the agent, dosage, follow-up schedule, and documentation, suggesting the need for uniform guidelines.

ObjectiveIntraocular lens (IOL) opacification may cause severe visual impairment. The pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse opacification patterns in different IOLs. Therefore, this multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted at Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany and University-Hospital Basel, Switzerland.Methods and analysisIn this study, 75 opacified IOLs were identified and classified after extraction. Macroscopical photo documentation, light and electron microscopic analysis were done.Results68 acrylic-hydrophilic single-piece-IOLs, 1 acrylic-hydrophilic 3-piece-IOL, 6 acrylic-hydrophobic 3-piece-IOLs were extracted. The dataset comprised IOLs known for opacification and IOLs not having been reported yet. 67 IOLs showed a fine-granular and 8 IOLs a crust-like opacification pattern. According to literature, 62 of the fine-granular opacified IOLs were graded into type 1 (processing/packaging-induced primary opacification) and 13 into type 2 (secondary opacification of unknown aetiology). The anterior surface of the IOLs was affected in all 75 IOLs, the posterior surface only in 23 cases. Of all 67 fine-granular IOLs, 43 had a central defect and 21 had a zone without opacification (clear islet).ConclusionIn our series, the morphology of IOL opacification did not follow the existing pathogenetic classification that strictly discriminates between primary and secondary causes. Fine-granular IOL opacification occurs with similar patterns in both type 1 and type 2 IOL opacification, while a crust-like pattern was only detected in type 2 IOL opacifications. Consequently, susceptibility of an IOL to opacification is caused by a multifactorial combination of material and processing properties as well as individual (pathological) conditions of the patient., publishedVersion

This study aims to scrutinise the aesthetic elements of fruit carvings made by Sukor Rahim during a renowned fruit carving competition, which he was crowned Flying Chef Malaysia title by the organiser. The analysis adopted the aesthetics elements principles of carving motifs approach, which was introduced in Malay Aesthetics by Ali. [1]. Three of the six principles are used to analyse the aesthetic elements of the carvings. Qualitative methods are employed to further the study, which was using (1) archival method through analysis of photo documentation of Sukor Rahim’s works and next was (2) probing the carvings using Malay Aesthetics approach to measure the aesthetic elements of the selected works. Results showed that Sukor Rahim’s works carry overarching aesthetics finesse and layered with intricate aesthetic elements which requires connoisseurship of a carving expert, thus validate Rahim’s achievement in the culinary world.

The chapter presents the necessity of and reasoning behind large-scale fire tests. It describes in detail the construction of a model two-story wood-based building which was subjected to fire in such a test. The chapter contains basic technical documentation of the wooden building, partial photo documentation from the construction, and photos from the course of the fire. The temperature was graphically recorded in each location in the building and in individual elements of its construction.

The study deals with the economic function of Muslim organizations in Germany and Austria. Sales and services are a research topic that is associated not only with organized Muslims. Other included participants are individualized and cultural Muslims. The economic activities of these organizations also have an impact on customers from non-Muslim societies. The study is based on a critical reflection of expert discussion, non-participant observations conducted during field research, analysis of photo documentation obtained by the researcher, descriptions of the visited locations, as well as the self-presentation of communities. The economic function is interrelated with other activities of the associations. Primarily, it has an impact on the organization´s educational, leisure-oriented, social, and cultural activities. Financial resources gained from renting or operating shops or services are vital to secure the operation of an association and its development. Based on the analysis of the data obtained during field research, it is possible to design a basic typology of shops and establishments. The first sphere contains groceries, greengroceries, and butcher´s shops. Tea rooms differ from restaurants or cafés in their multifunctionality. The second sphere consists of travel agencies, bookshops, household goods, and textile shops. The third type contains services related to hair care. Last but not least, the paper deals with funeral services focused on Muslim clients. Among the key variables bearing an impact on the functioning of businesses are conveniently chosen business premises and adequately established working hours. Changes in the economic activities of Muslim associations in Germany and Austria show not only the transformation of the community itself but also its immediate surroundings.