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In this study, targeting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) related to Alzheimer's disease, a screening method, affinity ultrafiltration combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (AUF–UHPLC–Q‐TOF MS) was developed for the discovery and identification of AChE inhibitors from Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits, a medicinal and food homologous plant. The 30% ethanol extract of P. emblica fruit was incubated with AChE allowing active components to form complexes with AChE. Subsequently, the complexes were separated from the incubation and dissociated to release active components, followed by UHPLC–Q‐TOF MS analysis. Ultimately, a total of 18 compounds bound to AChE were screened out and identified. Among them, elaeocarpusin, putranjivain A, and chebulagic acid were confirmed to possess the highest affinity to AChE by molecular docking. Subsequently, the AChE inhibitory activity of commercially available chebulagic acid and corilagin was verified in vitro. Ultimately, cellular assays demonstrated that both chebulagic acid and corilagin enhanced cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner when compared to a model of AD cells induced by Aβ25–35. Moreover, it was noted that chebulagic acid exhibited superior protective effects relative to corilagin against Aβ25–35‐induced injury in PC12 cells. These findings indicate that the developed methodology is not only straightforward and rapid but also reliable, offering significant insights for the screening of active compounds from complex medicinal and food homologous plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyherbal chewable tablets of Phyllanthus emblica and Glycyrrhiza glabra were developed with the objective to formulate an effective, safe and convenient dosage form for acid-related disorders. A standard calibration curve was constructed for Polyherbal extracts through UV-Spectrophotometry, achieving an absorbance maximum at 275 nm. Compatibility between the drug and excipients was examined through FTIR studies. Various pre-compression parameters, like bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner's ratio and angle of repose, were assessed for the powder blend. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters, such as thickness, hardness, friability, and weight variation and disintegration time. The drug release study was conducted in vitro. The acid-neutralizing capacity of the formulated batches was compared with marketed formulations. The calibration curve showed a high correlation coefficient (r2=0.9972), suggesting accuracy and reliability. FTIR analysis confirmed the compatibility between the drug and excipients. Pre-compression studies revealed an acceptable range for all parameters, indicating good flow properties. For instance, Carr's Index for all batches varied from 14.31% to 24.41%, and the angle of repose ranged from 33.7 to 35.21 degrees. Post-compression parameters were within the standard limits with hardness between 4.9 to 6.1 kg/cm2 and friability less than 1% for all batches. In vitro drug release showed a gradual increase over time with PF9 achieving 98.63% release at 60 min. The acid-neutralization capacity was highest for the combined extract at 27.83±0.34 mEq/g and PF9 batch at 28.12±0.43 mEq/g, demonstrating their effectiveness in neutralizing acid. The study successfully formulated a Polyherbal chewable tablet with optimized pre and post-compression parameters. The tablet exhibited promising in vitro drug release and an efficient acid-neutralizing capacity. It holds potential as an effective treatment option for acid-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyllanthus emblica L. (syn. Emblica officinalis) fruits have been traditionally exploited to enhance the immune system and provide protection against bacterial and fungal diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic interactions between chloramphenicol and several phenolic compounds found in P. emblica fruits against bacterial strains. The combination of P. emblica fruit extracts and its phenolic compounds demonstrated synergistic antibacterial activity when used in conjunction with chloramphenicol against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The combination of MICGA with ½MICChl exhibited a significant increase in bioactivity, with a 333.33-fold enhancement against B. subtilis. Similarly, the combination of MICGA with 2MICChl displayed a bioactivity enhancement of 16.02 folds against S. aureus. The co-administration of ½MICQ and ½MICChl resulted in a significant 35.71-fold increase in bioactivity against P. aeruginosa. Similarly, the combination of MIC GA and ½MICChl exhibited a remarkable 166.66-fold enhancement in bioactivity against E. coli. The combinations of 2MICFPE and ½MICChloramphenicol, as well as ½MICGA and ½MICChl demonstrated the highest bioactivity enhancement of 17.85 folds for K. pneumoniae. This study claimed that the fruit extracts of P. emblica and its phenolic compounds could be utilized to augment the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, which have acquired resistance to bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Hyperuricemia is the cause of gout in the inflammatory joint condition. The xanthine oxidase enzyme is a therapeutic target for gout treatment because it plays a role in the generation of uric acid. Allopurinol is used to treat gout. It prevents the xanthine oxidase enzyme from producing as much uric acid. When selecting a medication, one must consider the various adverse effects of allopurinol. Phyllanthus emblica plants are among the medicinal plants that can be used as an alternative treatment for gout. Aims: To evaluate isolated compounds from the Phyllanthus emblica as antihyperuricemia candidates. Methods: The isolated compounds were characterized using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography-Densitometry. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cupric ion (CUPRAC) antioxidant capacity procedures were used to develop the antioxidant activity index. The ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase was determined using a spectrophotometer. Results: Compound 1 was indicated as rutin having antioxidant capacity with an antioxidant activity index (AAI) DPPH value of 7.89 ± 0.03 and AAI CUPRAC value of 15.83 ± 0.04 stronger than compound 2 (quercitrin) with an AAI DPPH value of 3.72 ± 0.01 and AAI CUPRAC 3.24 ± 0.03. The IC50 for quercitrin's inhibition of xanthine oxidase is 23.85 ± 2.04, which was higher than rutin’s IC50 value of 32.77 ± 4.49 µg/mL. Conclusions: Flavonol glycosides present in the ethanol extract of Phyllanthus emblica leaves gave potent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity stronger than the extract. Quercitrin gave stronger xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, but this compound has weaker antioxidant capacity compared to rutin.

Aim: A functional food, herbal jam, developed using Phyllanthus emblica (Amla fruit), Moringa oliefera (Moringa) leaves powder and Stevia rebaudiana (natural sweetener) used as sugar replacer to make low caloric jam that can boost up immunity against COVID-19. Stevia present in the jam made it suitable for diabetic patients. Experimental: A control was developed by replacing stevia with sugar with same composition. The ratios of amla and moringa were altered and the best one was selected on the bases of sensory evaluation using 9-point headonic scale. The jams were characterized at different storage days to check the stability and nutritional composition by carrying proximate analysis and mean values were compared. Results: The energy value calculations showed significant difference between the control jam (sugar based) & optimized jam (stevia based). Sensory evaluation concludes high score value of sugar based jam. Microbial analysis was done using Total Plate Count (TPC) and Yeast Mold Count (YMC). Moreover, studies are required to improve the textural attributes of stevia based jam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia, a condition characterized by hair loss, affects a significant portion of the population and has various psychological and physical impacts. This review article explores the efficacy and safety of herbal treatments for alopecia, integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific research. The article examines various herbal remedies used across cultures, such as Saw Palmetto, Ginseng, Green Tea, and Phyllanthus Emblica, delving into their bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action. Studies and case reports, adhering to APA citation style, highlight the potential of these natural remedies in promoting hair growth and managing different types of alopecia. The review also addresses the safety profile and toxicological considerations of these herbal treatments, underscoring the importance of comprehensive evaluations and standardized dosages. The integration of herbal treatments with conventional therapies is discussed as a promising avenue for enhancing treatment outcomes. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for more rigorous clinical trials, exploration of new herbal compounds, and the development of standardized, safe herbal formulations for alopecia treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of betel (Piper betle) and amla (Phyllanthus emblica) leaf extracts as feed supplement was studied on the growth and immune functions of the shrimp Penaeus monodon when exposed to a virulent strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Six experimental groups (PB-1, PB-2, PB-3 and PE-1, PE-2, PE-3) of shrimp were fed extract at varying concentrations, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%, before being compared to a control group that did not receive any extract. After a feeding trial of 4 weeks, each group of shrimp was challenged with V. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL and monitored for 2 weeks. The lowest concentration of P. betle extract and the moderate concentration of P. emblica extract in the diet induced a significant increase in shrimp growth performance parameters (final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate) and feed utilization efficiency (low feed conversion ratio, high protein efficiency ratio). The dietary extracts also exhibited a significant positive influence on the immunological parameters such as total haemocyte count, prophenoloxidase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity before and after the challenge with V. parahaemolyticus. Compared to the control group, the total Vibrio load was significantly lower in the shrimp groups fed with extracts with the highest Vibrio density found in the hepatopancreas. The cumulative mortality of shrimp fed with extracts during 14 days decreased significantly, whereas control shrimps displayed 100% mortality upon V. parahaemolyticus challenge. In summary, we propose that a diet supplemented with P. betle and P. emblica leaf extract improves the growth of shrimp, and improves their immunity as is evident from their decreased susceptibility to V. parahaemolyticus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, an important tree species with a long history of medicinal use, has risen tremendously in recent years. The rapid decline in the distribution of the species can be attributed to habitat loss, climate change, invasive species, extensive harvesting, and various other anthropogenic disturbances. In the present study, we modelled the potential habitat distribution of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry) across Asia. The current and future climatic scenarios are predicted using Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and the latest climate model Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP). The model constructed using Representative Concentration Pathway had the mean value of Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.970 and 0.975 for the Shared Socio-economic Pathway. The study indicated that some of the highly suitable habitats in Asia could become unsuitable and climatic variables combined with human activities could significantly impact species distribution in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of anemia in India is worrisome; the Government is aiming to reduce the prevalence of anemia among women at adolescent and child bearing age. A Public Health Initiative was undertaken to mainstream the use of Siddha drugs to combat anemia among the adolescent girls of Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. With the assistance from the Siddha physicians in Primary Health Centers and Government hospitals, adolescent girls with anemia were identified. After obtaining informed consent, the girls with anemia received a Siddha treatment regimen (Aṉṉapēti centūram, Bāvaṉa kaṭukkāy, Mātuḷai maṇappāku and Nellikkāy lēkiyam; ABMN) for 45 days. Deworming was done with Cuṇṭaivaṟṟal cūraṇam before the start of the treatment. The clinical and biochemical features were studied before and after ABMN treatment. Through this program, 14,179 adolescent girls were screened for anemia and 3,783 girls were found anemic; out of them 2,300 (86.85%) girls completed the 45 days program. Marked reduction of various clinical features of anemia was found with ABMN treatment. ABMN treatment improved the hemoglobin content by 24.30% (N=155), 15.96% (N=1440) and 4.29% (p=0.0005; N=705) in severe, moderate and mild anemic girls, respectively. Long term, multicentric investigations are needed to conclude the efficacy and safety of ABMN for treating iron deficiency anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is attributable towards diverse applications in various fields, recently. In this research, we report simple and eco-friendly synthesis of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles using the fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica as a reducing and capping agent. The absorbance peaks at 350 nm and 450 nm validated the nanoparticle formation in UV–visible spectrum. FTIR spectrum revealed the nature of functional groups. The crystalline properties of nanoparticles were ascertained by XRD analysis. EDX spectrum corroborated the elemental composition of nanoparticles in which chromium and oxygen constituted 68% of total weight. SEM images demonstrated agglomeration of nanoparticles resulting in the formation of large irregularly shaped flakes. Cr2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated excellent antimicrobial properties against 11 bacterial isolates and 1 fungal isolate. The largest inhibition zone (53 mm) was measured against A. baumannii while the smallest inhibition zone (26 mm) was recorded against S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 1). Nanoparticles possessed potent anti-biofilm powers with maximum (77%) inhibition of E. coli biofilms and minimum (45%) inhibition of S. enterica biofilms. Photocatalytic activity of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was evaluated to determine their efficacy in environmental bioremediation. Outcomes demonstrated degradation of methyl red (84%) but not of methylene blue dye. Furthermore, the Cr2O3 nanoparticles displayed considerable antioxidant (43%) as well as anti-inflammatory (44%) potentials. Hence, the present study accounts for the versatile applications of P. emblica-mediated Cr2O3 nanoparticles which could be pursued for future biomedical and environmental applications. Graphical Abstract

The Phyllanthus emblica L. highly medicinal value used for jaundice, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial etc., activities so for that current research explored the application of nanotechnology in developing anticancer strategies through the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using natural extracts from leaves. Various characterization techniques were employed to assess the anticancer properties against the human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. This study in UV‒visible spectroscopy AgNPs detected at 436 nm, FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of specific functional groups with high peak intensity at 3105 cm−1. In SEM measurements revealed synthesized AgNPs at 25.4 nm, TEM exposed perfectly round particles with a lattice spacing of 0.295 nm, and XRD analysis revealed reflections at (111), (200), (220), and (310) with corresponding 2θ values of 39.1°, 46.1°, 68.7°, and 79.2°, respectively, along with the observation of (311). EDX analysis confirmed the composite nature of quartz with AgNPs at a 50:50 ratio. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of AgNPs 30 nm in size. Furthermore, breast cancer one of the major disease, targeted application of our study focused anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, observed that plant extract exhibits 92% cancer cell death at 500 µg/ml, showed potential anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. In flowcytometry cancer cells phase distribution was observed at AgNPs (100 to 200 µg/ml). Prolonged exposure to the extract led to cell death and arrested the apoptotic cell death cycle after 24 hours. Research has also evaluated the potential of nanoparticles to inhibit cancer progression, revealing promising prospects for enhancing anticancer therapies. During the treatment against cancer cells observed cell deaths, concluded that green, nanotechnology potential tool for modern world.

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The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L. (FEPE) has a long history of use in Asian folk medicine. The main bioactive compounds in FEPE are polyphenols, known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic activities. The present study aimed to investigate the intervention effect of FEPE (100 and 200 mg/kg) on hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks and preliminarily explored the potential mechanism by microbiome-metabolome analysis. The results showed that a high-dose FEPE (200 mg/kg) effectively alleviated dyslipidaemic symptoms and body weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Microbiome analysis showed that FEPE altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which included an increase in specific probiotics (such as Akkermansia, Anaerovorax, and Bacteroides) and a decrease in harmful bacteria (including A2, Acetitomaculum, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group, Rikenella, and Streptococcus), as well as a reduction in the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, significant changes in the hepatic metabolome were observed, and eight key metabolites associated with betaine metabolism, lysine degradation, methionine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism pathways were primarily filtered. The correlated analysis identified several key "microbiota-metabolite" axes in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by FEPE extract. In conclusion, the present study is expected to provide a basis for treating hyperlipidemia with FEPE from the perspective of the microbiome-liver metabolome axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is attributable towards diverse applications in various fields, recently. In this research, we report simple and eco-friendly synthesis of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles using the fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica as a reducing and capping agent. The absorbance peaks at 350 nm and 450 nm validated the nanoparticle formation in UV–visible spectrum. FTIR spectrum revealed the nature of functional groups. The crystalline properties of nanoparticles were ascertained by XRD analysis. EDX spectrum corroborated the elemental composition of nanoparticles in which chromium and oxygen constituted 68% of total weight. SEM images demonstrated agglomeration of nanoparticles resulting in the formation of large irregularly shaped flakes. Cr2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated excellent antimicrobial properties against 11 bacterial isolates and 1 fungal isolate. The largest inhibition zone (53 mm) was measured against A. baumannii while the smallest inhibition zone (26 mm) was recorded against S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were < 1 µg/ml for all microbes. However, the synthesized nanoparticles did not reveal synergism with any of the selected antibiotics (FICI values > 1). Nanoparticles possessed potent anti-biofilm powers with maximum (77%) inhibition of E. coli biofilms and minimum (45%) inhibition of S. enterica biofilms. Photocatalytic activity of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was evaluated to determine their efficacy in environmental bioremediation. Outcomes demonstrated degradation of methyl red (84%) but not of methylene blue dye. Furthermore, the Cr2O3 nanoparticles displayed considerable antioxidant (43%) as well as anti-inflammatory (44%) potentials. Hence, the present study accounts for the versatile applications of P. emblica-mediated Cr2O3 nanoparticles which could be pursued for future biomedical and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound dressings developed by combining plant extracts with polymers have made a great progress in wound care treatment. One plant with remarkable healing properties is Phyllanthus emblica Linn (P. emblica), which is described as having potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of P. emblica‐loaded polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin‐based cryogels (PVA/Gel/P.emblica) through cytotoxicity and proliferation tests in HaCaT cells and examine their potential in wound dressing applications. Accordingly, PVA/Gel/P.emblica cryogels are successfully synthesized and characterization studies and in vitro cell culture studies are performed. The swelling tests and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis results show that swelling and surface area properties of cryogels increase with increasing P. emblica amounts. Morphological results display that the cryogels have a dense, interconnected pore morphology and a macroporous structure. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, trypan blue exclusion, and live–dead assay results reveal that P. emblica enhances cell proliferation, increases cell number, and improves cell viability. Based on the scanning electron microscope, immunofluorescence, and Giemsa staining images, it is observed that P. emblica promotes cell attachment, proliferation, and penetration. These findings confirm that PVA/Gel/P.emblica cryogels are suitable for use as wound dressing materials and can be developed with further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical tool extensively used for the scientific analysis of components in a mixture. Several reports attribute its high analytical potential to bioactive components from different medicinal plants. Hepatic disorders, which have been a major threat to public health for decades, affect cells, tissues, structure, or liver function. The damage caused by this can be triggered by biological causes, autoimmune diseases, excessive alcohol consumption, or the action of different compounds, for instance, few medicines. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. is a therapeutic plant that has been used to treat liver disorders in Asia for many decades now. It is mentioned in the Ayurvedic scriptures for its medicinal value. This review focuses on the intricacies of HPLC-based extraction and analysis of medicinally important phytochemicals, notably for hepatic disorders from the P. emblica plant. This will be useful for future phytochemical analysts working with medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background There are very few drugs available for healing wounds in the aged population, which is more prone to chronic cutaneous wounds that are particularly hard to heal and require a long healing process. This study which deals with age-related wound healing, investigates the healing effect of Nishamalaki, a classic antidiabetic Ayurvedic formulation comprising turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), on cutaneous wounds in aging rats. Methods Rats with excision wounds of 7 mm created on their dorsal side received Nishamalaki (500 mg/kg p.o) daily, or a combination of Nishamalaki (500 mg/kg p.o) with 1% Nishamalaki gel applied on the wound or the reference standard metformin (2 μmol) applied on the wound daily till the scabs fell off. Results All treatments enhanced the rate of formation of granulation tissue and wound contraction. All treated rats showed lower blood glucose levels compared with their 1st-day values and significantly lower blood glucose levels when compared with the Aged Control rats. A significant restoration of the aging-depleted L-hydroxyproline, hexosamine, ascorbic acid, PDGF, AMPK, and mTOR levels, and attenuation of the aging-elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels was elicited by all treatments. The treatments significantly restored the aging-depleted endogenous antioxidants. The Nishamalaki combination treatment of the oral extract and topical gel displayed a better wound-healing effect than the oral treatment alone. The histopathological studies on skin ulceration, hair follicles, granulation tissue, and collagen fiber formation of the wound tissues corroborated the biochemical findings. Conclusion Curcumin and other antioxidant polyphenolic components of Nishamalaki may be responsible for its wound-healing effect. For the first time, the present study has investigated the action of PDGF, AMPK, and mTOR on cutaneous wounds. They seem to be acting together to promote wound healing and repair. Graphical Abstract

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds produced in plants as secondary metabolites. Flavonoids have favorable biochemical effects on multiple diseases and other bioactivities. This study aimed to isolate the active compounds contained in malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves and analyze toxic properties using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method in Artemia salina leach shrimp larvae. This study used malacca leaf powder with ethyl acetate solvent then macerated. Ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and fractionated, then toxicity tests were carried out. Extracts from the evaporation results were further fractionated using solvent petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Then the ethyl acetate fraction was hydrolyzed using reflagged with 7% sulfuric acid for two hours, then the filtrate was extracted with ethanol solvent. The obtained fraction washed with aquades and dried using a vacuum desiccator. The toxicity test results showed that the flavonoid compound of malacca leaves was not toxic with a value of LC50 > 1000 ppm, an increase in the concentration of the extract was followed by an increase in the average mortality of larvae.

This study investigated the effect of Phyllanthus emblica leaves and branches mixture (PE) on growth performance, oxidative status and intestinal characteristics in broilers, as well as the in vitro antioxidant potential of PE extract (PEE). As the result of in vitro evaluation, the PEE had a total phenolic compound content of 95.5 ± 2.75 mg of Gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (DW), and a total flavonoid content of 3.04 ± 0.06 mg of quercetin equivalent/g DW. The PEE exhibited significant antioxidant activity through various mechanisms, including chelation of ferrous iron, reducing power, scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, inhibition of liposome peroxidation and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). A total of 320 Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated into four groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1%, 2% PE. Each group was fed for 35 d. The results showed that the group fed with 0.5% PE had significantly better weight gain, and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. Moreover, each PE group significantly reduced coliform and Clostridium perfringens in the ileum and caecum. Additionally, PE group with 0.5% concentration had significantly higher villus height in the jejunum compared to the other group. Furthermore, compared to the control group, each PE group had significantly lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the serum. In the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chickens, each PE group showed significantly higher mRNA levels of antioxidant-regulated genes, including Nrf2, GST, GCLC, SOD1 and HO-1. In contrast, the expression levels of NOX1 and ROMO1 genes were significantly lower. In conclusion, the inclusion of 0.5% PE in the basal diet could have a positive impact on the growth performance of broilers by modulating intestinal characteristics and oxidative status.

Background: There are very few drugs available for healing wounds in the aged population, which is more prone to chronic cutaneous wounds that are particularly hard to heal and require a long healing process. This study which deals with age-related wound healing, investigates the healing effect of Nishamalaki, a classic antidiabetic Ayurvedic formulation comprising turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), on cutaneous wounds in aging rats. Methods: Rats with excision wounds of 7 mm created on their dorsal side received Nishamalaki (500 mg/kg p.o) daily, or a combination of Nishamalaki (500 mg/kg p.o) with 1% Nishamalaki gel applied on the wound or the reference standard metformin (2 μmol) applied on the wound daily till the scabs fell off. Results: All treatments enhanced the rate of formation of granulation tissue and wound contraction. All treated rats showed lower blood glucose levels compared with their 1st-day values and significantly lower blood glucose levels when compared with the Aged Control rats. A significant restoration of the aging-depleted L-hydroxyproline, hexosamine, ascorbic acid, PDGF, AMPK, and mTOR levels, and attenuation of the aging-elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels was elicited by all treatments. The treatments significantly restored the aging-depleted endogenous antioxidants. The Nishamalaki combination treatment of the oral extract and topical gel displayed a better wound-healing effect than the oral treatment alone. The histopathological studies on skin ulceration, hair follicles, granulation tissue, and collagen fiber formation of the wound tissues corroborated the biochemical findings. Conclusion: Curcumin and other antioxidant polyphenolic components of Nishamalaki may be responsible for its wound-healing effect. For the first time, the present study has investigated the action of PDGF, AMPK, and mTOR on cutaneous wounds. They seem to be acting together to promote wound healing and repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): The objective of the study was to examine the antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory, and anti-leishmanial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the extract of Phyllanthus emblica leaves. Methods: UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM, and Zeta potential were used to examine the green synthesized nanoparticles. A DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to study the antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was conducted to observe the inhibition of protein denaturation. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani. Results: The UV-Vis spectroscopy study at the band of 440 nm confirmed the fabrication of nanoparticles. FTIR confirmed the ingredients in P. emblica leaf extract which is responsible for capping and reducing the AgNPs. FESEM reported the AgNPs synthesized in the size range of 40-50 nm. The results showed a simple and feasible approach for obtaining aqueous monodispersive AgNPs. Furthermore, the biological potential of the biosynthesized AgNPs was examined. Concerning this, the dose-dependent antioxidant potential of AgNPs was identified to be comparable to standard ascorbic acid. This also applies to the anti-inflammatory properties. The study findings indicate that all concentrations of AgNPs exhibit anti-leishmanial action. After being exposed for 72 hours, the concentration of 100 µg/mL of AgNPs exhibited the most potent anti-leishmanial activity, achieving 100% effectiveness. Further, the IC50 content of AgNPs on L. donovani after 24, 48, and 72 hours was calculated to be 45.88, 36.86, and 24.81 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The results stated that the synthesized AgNPs using P. emblica leaves have the most potent in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-leishmanial activity. Further investigation into its potential biomedical applications is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Phyllanthus emblica, which is a dual-use resource for medicine and food, is a dried and mature fruit of Phyllanthus emblica in Euphorbiaceae plant. It is rich in various compounds, including amino acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, volatile oils, etc. Phyllanthus emblica extract has various biological activities, including anti microbial infection, antioxidation, anti-tumor, lowering blood lipids and blood sugar, lowering blood pressure and tonifying. The commonly used extraction methods for different components include solvent method, ultrasonic assisted method, impregnation method, enzyme assisted method, subcritical water extraction method, microwave assisted method, reflux method, decompression method, etc. The article provides a summary of the various chemical components in Phyllanthus emblica, outlines the extraction methods for each component, discusses the optimal extraction conditions, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, summarizes the research of Phyllanthus emblica in animal husbandry, to provide reference for the application of Phyllanthus emblica extract in animal husbandry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of Phyllanthus emblica leaves and branches mixture (PE) on growth performance, oxidative status and intestinal characteristics in broilers, as well as the in vitro antioxidant potential of PE extract (PEE). As the result of in vitro evaluation, the PEE had a total phenolic compound content of 95.5 ± 2.75 mg of Gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (DW), and a total flavonoid content of 3.04 ± 0.06 mg of quercetin equivalent/g DW. The PEE exhibited significant antioxidant activity through various mechanisms, including chelation of ferrous iron, reducing power, scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, inhibition of liposome peroxidation and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). A total of 320 Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated into four groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1%, 2% PE. Each group was fed for 35 d. The results showed that the group fed with 0.5% PE had significantly better weight gain, and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. Moreover, each PE group significantly reduced coliform and Clostridium perfringens in the ileum and caecum. Additionally, PE group with 0.5% concentration had significantly higher villus height in the jejunum compared to the other group. Furthermore, compared to the control group, each PE group had significantly lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the serum. In the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chickens, each PE group showed significantly higher mRNA levels of antioxidant-regulated genes, including Nrf2, GST, GCLC, SOD1 and HO-1. In contrast, the expression levels of NOX1 and ROMO1 genes were significantly lower. In conclusion, the inclusion of 0.5% PE in the basal diet could have a positive impact on the growth performance of broilers by modulating intestinal characteristics and oxidative status. Phyllanthus emblica affects the growth performance, oxidative status and intestinal characteristics in broilers. The 0.5% PE group had significantly better weight gain and improved FCR. The 0.5% PE in the basal diet could potentially enhance growth performance by modulating intestinal characteristics and oxidative status in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), a phytohormone, has been considered as the most important native auxin. The Amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) serve as an abundance of IAA-producing sources fungus and produce significant quantities of IAA in tryptophan-added medium. Different concentration of L-tryptophan between 1, 2 and 5 mg/ml were chosen for the IAA production. The study shows that the corresponding L-tryptophan concentration was associated with a progressive rise in IAA generation. The impact on IAA production was anticipated to last up to 10 days, with the maximum IAA production being shown in an incubation period of 15 days. Four isolates in total were found to be IAA-producing strains, two of these produced IAA through medium components, and physical conditions were tuned for IAA production. The Amla stem and leaf tissues have the strongest growth-promoting effect in Aspergillus ustus (72 g/20 ml) among the isolates. The positive effects on crop development and yield are attributed to the presence of such growth-promoting fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds produced in plants as secondary metabolites. Flavonoids have favorable biochemical effects on multiple diseases and other bioactivities. This study aimed to isolate the active compounds contained in malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves and analyze toxic properties using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method in Artemia salina leach shrimp larvae. This study used malacca leaf powder with ethyl acetate solvent then macerated. Ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and fractionated, then toxicity tests were carried out. Extracts from the evaporation results were further fractionated using solvent petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Then the ethyl acetate fraction was hydrolyzed using reflagged with 7% sulfuric acid for two hours, then the filtrate was extracted with ethanol solvent. The obtained fraction washed with aquades and dried using a vacuum desiccator. The toxicity test results showed that the flavonoid compound of malacca leaves was not toxic with a value of LC50 > 1000 ppm, an increase in the concentration of the extract was followed by an increase in the average mortality of larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Wound dressings developed by combining plant extracts with polymers have made a great progress in wound care treatment. One plant with remarkable healing properties is Phyllanthus emblica Linn (P. emblica), which is described as having potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of P. emblica‐loaded polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin‐based cryogels (PVA/Gel/P.emblica) through cytotoxicity and proliferation tests in HaCaT cells and examine their potential in wound dressing applications. Accordingly, PVA/Gel/P.emblica cryogels are successfully synthesized and characterization studies and in vitro cell culture studies are performed. The swelling tests and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis results show that swelling and surface area properties of cryogels increase with increasing P. emblica amounts. Morphological results display that the cryogels have a dense, interconnected pore morphology and a macroporous structure. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, trypan blue exclusion, and live–dead assay results reveal that P. emblica enhances cell proliferation, increases cell number, and improves cell viability. Based on the scanning electron microscope, immunofluorescence, and Giemsa staining images, it is observed that P. emblica promotes cell attachment, proliferation, and penetration. These findings confirm that PVA/Gel/P.emblica cryogels are suitable for use as wound dressing materials and can be developed with further studies.

Objective: This work aimed to explore the modified pathways impacted by changes in fecal metabolites among female obese adults during the human gut model period, both in the presence and absence of individual Triphala constituent fruit extract. Methods and results: The human gut model employed individual fruit extracts from Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellerica, and T. chebula, comparing them to a control group. Fermentation used fecal samples from female obese adults over 24 h. Metabolite extraction, untargeted metabolomics, and pathway analysis identified metabolic changes. Treatments with P. emblica extract, T. bellerica extract, and T. chebula extract revealed the statistical detection of 128, 734, and 757 up-regulated metabolites, respectively, while 31, 90, and 92 down-regulated metabolites were identified. Pathway analysis revealed that P. emblica extract primarily influenced vitamin B6 metabolism, whereas the treatments with T. bellerica extract and T. chebula extract predominantly engaged glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism for metabolic regulation within the human gut model. Conclusion: By examining obese fecal metabolite changes and their association with metabolic pathway modulation through individual fruit extracts of Triphala constituents in a human gut model, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of Triphala components’ potential for managing obesity and its applications in the food industry.

[Abstract]: [Objective]: To explore the application of Quality by Design (QbD) tools in assessing geographical variations of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) from five distinct Indian states. [Methods]: In the current experiment, the Box-Behnken design with a reduced quartic model and 105 runs was employed with the use of the Design Expert software for randomized response surface mapping. Three different extraction methods (Soxhlet, maceration, and sonication) along with three solventst [distilled water, methanol, and water-methanol mixture (50 : 50 v/v)] were considered in the present study. The anti-oxidant activities, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) in the P. emblica were determined and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the major components. [Results]: The QbD overlay plot showed that the extractive value of the P. emblica was no less than 30% w/w, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) no less than 60% mcg/mL (micrograms per millilitre), TFC no less than 75 mg QE/g (milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram), and TPC no less than 80 mg GAE/g (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram). Moreover, the GC-MS data confirmed the presence of variation in the bioactives of P. emblica extracts. [Conclusion]: The model was significant in describing the variation in extractive value, DPPH, TFC, and TPC. The QbD approach may tend to prioritize thoroughness in the extraction process, ultimately resulting in improved quality in the extracted products.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a major reason for chemotherapy delays, dose reduction, or even treatment discontinuation, which may impact oncologic outcomes. We investigated the effects of quercetin and extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit (PEE), Morus alba leaf (MAE), and Ginkgo biloba leaf (GBE) on platelet recovery in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Methods: The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), quercetin content, and antioxidant activities of all the extracts were determined. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were categorized into healthy controls and CIT groups. The CIT groups was administered a cyclophosphamide solution, while the control group received a saline solution. Each group was then subdivided into five subgroups of six animals which were administered with PEE, MAE, GBE, quercetin, or a vehicle for 15 days. Results: The highest quercetin content was found in PEE, followed by MAE and GBE, which correlated with their antioxidant properties. Administration of these extracts and quercetin did not significantly change the platelet counts in healthy rats. Thrombocytopenic rats treated with PEE, MAE, and GBE also were not associated with significant changes in platelet counts. However, more rapid platelet count recovery was observed in all groups receiving extracts. On day 11, platelet counts in the PEE, MAE, and GBE groups returned to near baseline levels with a mean of 4.29 %, −40.77 %, and −14.24 %, respectively, compared to −71 % in the CIT group. In thrombocytopenic rats treated with quercetin, there was a significant increase in platelet counts on days 9 and 11, with a mean decrease of 5.41 % from baseline on day 11. Conclusion: Quercetin improved platelet recovery in the animal model of CIT. This finding merits for further investigation to better elucidate the health benefits of quercetin and quercetin-rich plants and potential pharmacokinetics underpinning their activity in thrombocytopenia.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia accounts for 1.6 million deaths per year globally. In Sri Lanka, 7.4% of adults are with raised fasting blood glucose. Phyllanthus emblica, some fruit, which is also called by Nelli, Amla or Indian Gooseberry, is traditionally believed to facilitate control of hyperglycaemia. Objectives: To systematically review the glycaemic control effect of Phyllanthus emblica. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and AGRICOLA databases were searched to select relevant studies. Studies were selected in two rounds. Three screening questions consisted of; whether study was a human study with Phyllanthus emblica included as a fruit or an ingredient, outcomes were related to glycaemic control and outcomes being reported quantitatively. Following the review of titles and abstracts, full articles were reviewed with screening questions such as, study design, participants, intervention, and findings of outcome. Two reviewers independently screened articles with the third intervening in resolving the conflicts. Meta-analysis was not performed following the heterogeneity assessments and narrative review of the findings was done. Results: Eighteen studies were selected, having respectively excluding 81, 106 and 22 studies with reference to three screening questions. Six studies were done among healthy individuals and 12 were done among patients with diabetes. The studies were conducted among the age group of 18-75 years. Sample sizes of studies ranged from 10 to 150 participants, with 951 participants in total. In three studies, Phyllanthus emblica was used as a single entity and in 15, it was one component of a combined product. Fifteen selected studies described the mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels and 13 of them showed statistically what Phyllanthus emblica or products containing it had on glycaemic control, compared to control group (p

Phyllanthus emblica (Euphorbiaceae), commonly known as synergy of food is frequently in dietary teems lime jam, prickle, vegan diet and traditional herbal medicines. The various compounds responsible for the biological activities are ascorbic acid, catechols, polyphenols, and hydrolyzable tannins. The current review article highlighted the role of metabolite profiling, marker-based quality protocols, and pharmacological activities in developing the functional food for health benefit. Considerable preclinical evidences on its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, potential and human trials on non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease, osteoarthritis and obesity have been reported about P. emblica fruits. The current challenges in the development of P. emblica based function food have critically been reviewed. The variabilities in chemical flux, biological activity at crude extract level, non-standardized formulations and non-availability of validated protocols are some major gaps in spite of large number of research reports appeared in last three decades. Further, in-depth metabolomics and bio-marker based quality assessment are required to develop the pharmacological active of the standardized P. emblica functional food and herbal medicines to unveil the importance of the phytocompound(s) in the observed health benefits.

The present study proposes valorization of amla (Phyllanthus emblica) pomace for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to provide a sustainable and low-cost precursor material for the production of nano-based biomaterials. The raw fibers were subjected to bleaching and alkali treatments to obtain cellulose, followed by acid hydrolysis for the isolation of CNC. The resultant nanocrystals were characterized for structural changes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). FTIR results showed progressive removal of noncellulosic components such as hemicellulose and lignin. This rendered CNCs with a 45% yield, negative zeta potential value of − 32.33 mV showing greater colloidal stability, and a higher crystallinity index of 45% as determined by XRD. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that isolated CNCs have higher thermal stability (> 200 °C). TEM images showed that the CNCs exhibit rod-like structures in nano-dimensions with a higher aspect ratio of 10.83. This study will not only aid in the sustainable conversion of food industry waste into a value-added product but also promote the circular economy. This may further help to reduce global emissions and address the key challenges of climatic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyllanthus emblica Linn, a prominent member of the euphorbiaceae family, exhibits extensive distribution across a multitude of tropical and subtropical nations. Referred to as "Balakka" in Indonesia, this plant assumes various names across regions, such as "kimalaka," "balakka," "metengo," "malaka," and "kemloko" in North Sumatra, Ternate, Sundanese, and Java respectively. Phyllanthus emblica thrives in tropical locales like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, while also making its presence felt in subtropical regions like India, China, Uzbekistan, and Sri Lanka. The fruits of Balakka are enriched with bioactive constituents recognized for their wide-ranging benefits, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cholesterol, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties. Comprising a spectrum of phenolic compounds (such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins, the bioactive components of Malacca fruit offer a diverse array of health-promoting attributes. In light of these insights, this review aims to comprehensively examine the pharmacological activities associated with P. emblica and delve into the intricate composition of its phytochemical constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green biomass is significant as it is a sorbent used to remove uranium(VI) from aqueous phase. The effects of solution pH (2–10), adsorbent dose (0.01–0.3gm), retention time (5–70 min), and initial concentration (10–200 mg L−1) on the uptake of uranium(VI) were investigated. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacities for Amla bark were 54.945 mg L−1. Moreover, the experimental data was best suited by a pseudo-second order kinetic model (r2 = 0.993). According to the findings of the desorption investigation, employing EDTA, the first cycle of the used sorbent recovered 74.3% of its initial uranium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyllanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry, commonly known as amla, is an important medicinal horticultural plant used in traditional and modern medicines. It bears stone fruits with immense antioxidant properties due to being one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and numerous flavonoids. This study presents the first genome sequencing of this species performed using 10x Genomics and Oxford Nanopore Technology. The draft genome assembly was 519 Mbp in size and consisted of 4,384 contigs, N50 of 597 Kbp, 98.4% BUSCO score, and 37,858 coding sequences. This study also reports the genome-wide phylogeny of this species with 26 other plant species that resolved the phylogenetic position of P. emblica. The presence of three ascorbate biosynthesis pathways including L-galactose, galacturonate, and myo-inositol pathways was confirmed in this genome. A comprehensive comparative evolutionary genomic analysis including gene family expansion/contraction and identification of multiple signatures of adaptive evolution provided evolutionary insights into ascorbate and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and stone fruit formation through lignin biosynthesis. The availability of this genome will be beneficial for its horticultural, medicinal, dietary, and cosmetic applications and will also help in comparative genomics analysis studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second biggest cause of mortality and a significant public health issue. About 70% of low- and middle-income nations' fatalities are attributed to cancer. It happens due to considerable DNA damage from therapeutic drugs, ionizing radiation, environmental toxins, and other factors. Cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, immunological therapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, radiation, and, have substantial drawbacks and potential adverse effects. In recent years, many plants have been given to cancer patients as an alternative medicine to prevent and cure cancer. These plants have significant. The main bioactive compounds responsible for chemoprotective and anticarcinogenic properties include polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and quinones are the main types of bioactive chemicals implicated in anticancer action. The primary activity of these compounds includes cell cycle arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, a decrease of cancer cell viability, and antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, apoptotic, and antioxidative effects. This review emphasizes the preclinical of phytomedicinal extracts as cancer theragnostic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary fruits and vegetables play a vital role as food and drugs and are the main sources of antioxidant defences against degenerative diseases, such as brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases, immune system deteriorations, and cancers, brought on by oxidative damage. Phyllanthus emblica is a significant herbal remedy used in conventional medicine to recover lost strength and power. In this research, the potential value of Phyllanthus emblica as a food and drug is researched. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total tannin contents as well as the nutritional value, vitamin C, vitamin E, and mineral contents of different organs of P. emblica were evaluated. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts and fractions of different organs of P. emblica were determined. A total of eleven flavonoids, simple phenolic, tannin-related phenolic, and tannin molecules were isolated from a hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves and fruits. The structures were identified by spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature values as gallic acid (1), naringenin 7-O-(6″-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), 1-O-galloyl glycerol (4), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), flavogallonic acid bislactone (6), corilagin (7), ethyl gallate (8), urolithin M5 (9), (E)-p-coumaroyl-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (10), and 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (11). Among them, compounds 3 and 10 are first isolated from the plant. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the comparative interactions between positive controls (galantamine and donepezil) and selected compounds utilizing acetylcholinesterase (4EY7) as a target receptor. Results exhibited the potency of these compounds against the target receptor. In summary, P. emblica has a wealth of minerals, vitamins C and E, and polyphenolic phytochemicals that may work together to treat infectious disease, prevent and/or treat oxidative-damage-related illnesses including Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Phyllanthus emblica stem barks are rich in antioxidants, but its utilization for antidiabetic and diabetic complications remains understudied. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of extracts from P. emblica stem barks in improving diabetic nephropathy and hyperlipidemia in vivo. Methods: P. emblica stem bark powder was dried and macerated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol simultaneously. The diabetic condition was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in male Wistar rats. Treatment interventions included the oral administration of metformin (60 mg/kg body weight) or P. emblica stem bark extracts (200 mg/kg) once a day, where the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after the treatment. Results: Rats receiving the ethyl acetate extract exhibited a significantly lower FBG than the control (113.7 ± 15.04 versus 195 ± 19.97 mg/dL; p

The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L. (FEPE) has a long history of use in Asian folk medicine. The main bioactive compounds in FEPE are polyphenols, known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic activities. The present study aimed to investigate the intervention effect of FEPE (100 and 200 mg/kg) on hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks and preliminarily explored the potential mechanism by microbiome-metabolome analysis. The results showed that a high-dose FEPE (200 mg/kg) effectively alleviated dyslipidaemic symptoms and body weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Microbiome analysis showed that FEPE altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which included an increase in specific probiotics (such as Akkermansia, Anaerovorax, and Bacteroides) and a decrease in harmful bacteria (including A2, Acetitomaculum, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group, Rikenella, and Streptococcus), as well as a reduction in the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, significant changes in the hepatic metabolome were observed, and eight key metabolites associated with betaine metabolism, lysine degradation, methionine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism pathways were primarily filtered. The correlated analysis identified several key “microbiota-metabolite” axes in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by FEPE extract. In conclusion, the present study is expected to provide a basis for treating hyperlipidemia with FEPE from the perspective of the microbiome-liver metabolome axis.

Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit that primarily contains many polyphenols, have been considered homologous food for centuries and have been used as a remedy for a variety of ailments, including maintaining brain function. It is, however, unclear what is the mechanism of protective action of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit polyphenols (PEFPs) against cognitive impairment and anxiety induced by acute paradoxical sleep deprivation (SD). Behavioral abnormalities induced by acute paradoxical SD were effectively alleviated by PEFPs, which also prevented histopathological and morphological damage to hippocampal neurons. Acute paradoxical SD-induced cognitive impairments and anxiety are treated by PEFPs through modulating a variety of biological functional modules, such as oxidative stress, inflammation/immune, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, and neurotransmitter signaling. Further results showed that PEFPs markedly counteracted oxidative stress damage and neuroinflammation by activating the Nrf2 pathway. In summary, PEFPs are attractive nutraceutical ingredients for preventing cognitive impairment and anxiety associated with sleep loss.

Phyllanthus emblica Linn, a prominent member of the euphorbiaceae family, exhibits extensive distribution across a multitude of tropical and subtropical nations. Referred to as “Balakka” in Indonesia, this plant assumes various names across regions, such as “kimalaka,” “balakka,” “metengo,” “malaka,” and “kemloko” in North Sumatra, Ternate, Sundanese, and Java respectively. Phyllanthus emblica thrives in tropical locales like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, while also making its presence felt in subtropical regions like India, China, Uzbekistan, and Sri Lanka. The fruits of Balakka are enriched with bioactive constituents recognized for their wide-ranging benefits, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties. Comprising a spectrum of phenolic compounds (such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins, the bioactive components of Malacca fruit offer a diverse array of health-promoting attributes. In light of these insights, this review aims to comprehensively examine the pharmacological activities associated with P. emblica and delve into the intricate composition of its phytochemical constituents.

Phyllanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry, commonly known as amla, is an important medicinal horticultural plant used in traditional and modern medicines. It bears stone fruits with immense antioxidant properties due to being one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and numerous flavonoids. This study presents the first genome sequencing of this species performed using 10x Genomics and Oxford Nanopore Technology. The draft genome assembly was 519 Mbp in size and consisted of 4,384 contigs, N50 of 597 Kbp, 98.4% BUSCO score, and 37,858 coding sequences. This study also reports the genome-wide phylogeny of this species with 26 other plant species that resolved the phylogenetic position of P. emblica. The presence of three ascorbate biosynthesis pathways including L-galactose, galacturonate, and myo-inositol pathways was confirmed in this genome. A comprehensive comparative evolutionary genomic analysis including gene family expansion/contraction and identification of multiple signatures of adaptive evolution provided evolutionary insights into ascorbate and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and stone fruit formation through lignin biosynthesis. The availability of this genome will be beneficial for its horticultural, medicinal, dietary, and cosmetic applications and will also help in comparative genomics analysis studies.

Phytochemicals capacity to reduce metal into nanoparticles has sparked a new eco-friendly method to build green nanotechnology. Synthesis of nanoparticles using a biological approach with valuable medicinal applications is an essential feature of modern nanotechnology. The present study attempts to synthesize silver (PE-AgNPs) and zinc oxide (PE-ZnONPs) nanoparticles using Phyllanthus emblica fruit ethanolic extract and evaluates their therapeutic potential. In our present study, the secondary metabolites of the extract were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectra (GC-MS.) Nanoparticles were characterized using analytical tools. The PE-AgNPs and PE-ZnONPs nanoparticles have shown potential inhibition activity against α-amylase (IC50 170.60 ± 0.94 and 160.82 ± 0.88 µg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 80.24 ± 1.38 and 70.02 ± 0.59 µg/mL) and increased glucose uptake (180.42 ± 0.78 and 110.52 ± 0.84 µg/mL). In-vitro MTT assay of PE-AgNPs and PE-ZnONPs nanoparticles revealed the effective anticancer potential against the A549 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 27.52 ± 1.12 and 70.64 ± 1.4 µg/mL. The synthesized bioactive compounds can be the alternative eco-friendly potential for an antidiabetic and anticancer substitute which can be further recommended for pharmacological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit consumption has been found to have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) physiological risk factors in preliminary clinical intervention trials; however, questions remain regarding the overall effectiveness of EO on CVD risk. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to: 1) systematically describe the clinical research examining EO; and 2) quantitatively assess the effects of EO on CVD physiological risk factors. Methods: The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic platforms were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until April 7, 2021. Studies were included if they involved adults (age ≥ 18 years) ingesting a form of EO fruit; included blood lipids, blood pressure, and/or inflammatory biomarkers as outcomes; had clearly defined intervention and control treatments with pre- and post-intervention data; were peer-reviewed; and were written in English. Studies were excluded if they compared EO with another risk reduction intervention without a usual care control group. RCTs were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias version 2 (ROB2) tool, qualitatively described, and quantitatively evaluated using random and fixed effect meta-analysis models. Results: A total of nine RCTs (n = 535 participants) were included for review. Included studies followed parallel-group (n = 6) and crossover (n = 3) designs, with EO dosage ranging from 500 mg/day to 1500 mg/day, and treatment duration ranging from 14 to 84 days. Meta-analyses revealed EO to have a significant composite effect at lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; Mean difference (MD) = -15.08 mg/dL [95% Confidence interval (CI) = -25.43 to -4.73], I2 = 77%, prediction interval = -48.29 to 18.13), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C; MD = -5.43 mg/dL [95% CI = -8.37 to -2.49], I2 = 44%), triglycerides (TG; MD = -22.35 mg/dL [95% CI = -39.71 to -4.99], I2 = 62%, prediction interval = -73.47 to 28.77), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; MD = -1.70 mg/L [95% CI = -2.06 to -1.33], I2 = 0%) compared with placebo. Conclusions: Due to statistical and clinical heterogeneity in the limited number of clinical trials to date, the promising effects of EO on physiologic CVD risk factors in this review should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to determine if EO offers an efficacious option for primary or secondary prevention of CVD as either monotherapy or adjunct to evidence-based dietary patterns and/or standard pharmacotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is, indisputably, the most vital component of life on earth. Water is a life elixir and its hardness is defined by the high concentration of magnesium, calcium, lead, chromium, iron, and mercury. The hardness of water limits its domestic and industrial usage severely. Therefore it is essential to suggest a simple, low-cost, and robust method for hard water treatment by evaluating the results in terms of Physicochemical parameters. In this paper, an efficient approach for hard water treatment by using synthesized carbon nanoparticles (C NPs) of Phyllanthus Emblica wood barks. The water samples are collected from the towns and villages located in Virudhunagar and Tuticorin District. For hardness treatment, in this work the physicochemical parameters considered are pH, TDS, dissolved Oxygen, Ca, Mg, Chloride, Alkalinity, and hardness levels. The experimental analysis, cleared that the proposed carbon nanoparticles synthesized from Phyllanthus Emblica wood barks are a very efficient and cost-effective solution.