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We select and characterize a sample of massive (log(M (*)/M (circle dot)) > 10.6) quiescent galaxies (QGs) at 3 < z < 5 in the latest Cosmological Evolution Survey catalog (COSMOS2020). QGs are selected using a new rest-frame color-selection method, based on their probability of belonging to the quiescent group defined by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) trained on rest-frame colors (NUV - U, U - V, V - J) of similarly massive galaxies at 2 < z < 3. We calculate the quiescent probability threshold above which a galaxy is classified as quiescent using simulated galaxies from the shark semi-analytical model. We find that, at z >= 3 in shark, the GMM/NUVU - VJ method outperforms classical rest-frame UVJ selection and is a viable alternative. We select galaxies as quiescent based on their probability in COSMOS2020 at 3 < z < 5, and compare the selected sample to both UVJ- and NUVrJ-selected samples. We find that, although the new selection matches UVJ and NUVrJ in number, the overlap between color selections is only similar to 50%-80%, implying that rest-frame color commonly used at lower-redshift selections cannot be equivalently used at z > 3. We compute median rest-frame spectral energy distributions for our sample and find the median QG at 3 < z < 5 has a strong Balmer/4000 angstrom break, and residual NUV flux indicating recent quenching. We find the number densities of the entire quiescent population (including post-starbursts) more than doubles from 3.5 +/- 2.2 x 10(-6) Mpc(-3) at 4 < z < 5 to 1.4 +/- 0.4 x 10(-5) Mpc(-3) at 3 < z < 4, confirming that the onset of massive galaxy quenching occurs as early as 3 < z < 5.

We study the total and baryonic mass distributions of the deflector SDSS J0100+1818 through a full strong lensing analysis. The system is composed of an ultra-massive early-type galaxy at z=0.581, with a total stellar mass of (1.5 +/- 0.3)x10(12)M(circle dot) and a stellar velocity dispersion of (450 +/- 40) km s(-1), surrounded by ten multiple images of three background sources, two of which are spectroscopically confirmed at z=1.880. We took advantage of high-resolution HST photometry and VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy to measure the positions of the multiple images and performed a strong lensing study with the software GLEE. We tested different total mass profiles for the lens and modeled the background sources first as point-like and then as extended objects. We successfully predict the positions of the observed multiple images and reconstruct over approximately 7200 HST pixels the complex surface brightness distributions of the sources. We measured the cumulative total mass profile of the lens and find a total mass value of (9.1 +/- 0.1)x10(12)M(circle dot), within the Einstein radius of approximately 42 kpc, and stellar-over-total mass fractions ranging from (49 +/- 12)%, at the half-light radius (R-e=9.3 kpc) of the lens galaxy, to (10 +/- 2)%, in the outer regions (R=70 kpc). These results suggest that the baryonic mass component of SDSS J0100+1818 is very concentrated in its core and that the lens early-type galaxy (or group) is immersed in a massive dark matter halo, which allows it to act as a powerful gravitational lens, creating multiple images with exceptional angular separations. This is consistent with what has been found in other ultra-high-mass candidates at intermediate redshift. We also measured the physical sizes of the distant sources, resolving them down to a few hundred parsecs. Finally, we quantify and discuss a relevant source of systematic uncertainties on the reconstructed sizes of background galaxies, associated with the adopted lens tota

© ESO, 2014. Artículo firmado por 46 autores. This study makes use of the data provided by the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey (http://www.califa.caha.es). Based on Observations collected at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC). CALIFA is the first legacy survey being performed at Calar Alto. The CALIFA collaboration would like to thank the IAA-CSIC and MPIA-MPG as major partners of the observatory, and CAHA itself, for the unique access to telescope time and support in manpower and infrastructures. The CALIFA collaboration thanks also the CAR staff for the dedication to this project, The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for comments that significantly improved the paper, Dimitri Gadotti for providing extersive help and advice with the image decomposition; Mike Dopita and Tim Heckman for their patience explaining the effects of shocks in superwinds; Daria Dubinoyska for creating undistorted ACS PSF images from the Tiny Tim images and Carotin Villforth for further help with the ACS PSF; Lia Athanassoula for help interpeting the kinematic maps: Daniel Pomarede for help getting SDvision running; Jeremy Sanders and Roderik Johnstone for help interpreting( the X-ray observations: Eva Schinnerer for pointing out the effect of beam smearing; all other interested researchers who have contributed with questions and comments following discussions and presentations of this work over the last 2 years. The numerical simulations were performed on facilities hosted by the CSC-IT Center for Science in Espoo. Finland, which are financed by the Finnish ministry of education. Funding and financial support acknowledgements.: V. W. from the European Research Council Starting Grant (RI, Wild SEDmorph), European Research Council Advanced Grant (RI. J. Dunlop) and Marie Curie Career Reintegration Grant (RI. Wild Phiz-e, We present optical integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations of the Mice, a major merger between two massive (≳10^11 M_⊙) gas-rich spirals NGC 4676A and B, observed between first passage and final coalescence. The spectra provide stellar and gas kinematics, ionised gas properties, and stellar population diagnostics, over the full optical extent of both galaxies with ~1.6 kpc spatial resolution. The Mice galaxies provide a perfect case study that highlights the importance of IFS data for improving our understanding of local galaxies. The impact of first passage on the kinematics of the stars and gas has been significant, with strong bars most likely induced in both galaxies. The barred spiral NGC 4676B exhibits a strong twist in both its stellar and ionised gas disk. The edge-on disk galaxy NGC 4676A appears to be bulge free, with a strong bar causing its “boxy” light profile. On the other hand, the impact of the merger on the stellar populations has been minimal thus far. By combining the IFS data with archival multiwavelength observations we show that star formation induced by the recent close passage has not contributed significantly to the total star formation rate or stellar mass of the galaxies. Both galaxies show bicones of high ionisation gas extending along their minor axes. In NGC 4676A the high gas velocity dispersion and Seyfert-like line ratios at large scaleheight indicate a powerful outflow. Fast shocks (vs ~ 350 km s^-1) extend to ~6.6 kpc above the disk plane. The measured ram pressure (P/k = 4.8 × 10^6 K cm^-3) and mass outflow rate (~8−20 M_⊙ yr^-1) are similar to superwinds from local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies, although NGC 4676A only has a moderate infrared luminosity of 3 × 10^10 L_⊙. Energy beyond what is provided by the mechanical energy of the starburst appears to be required to drive the outflow. Finally, we compare the observations to mock kinematic and stellar population maps extracted from a hydrodynamical merger simulation. T, Unión Europea. FP7, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), European Research Council, Marie Curie Career Reintegration, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), México, Danish National Research Foundation, University of Helsinki, Programa Ramón y Cajal, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Francia, Ministerio de Educación e Investigación = Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Alemania, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) Moncloa, España, Emmy Noether-Programme (GSF), Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, FCT-MEC, Junta de Andalucía, Marie Curie Career Integration, Junta de Andalucia, National Science Foundation (NSF), Aspen Center for Physics, German Science Foundation (GSF), Alemania, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

The 100% detection rate of Ly alpha emission in a sample of four luminous z similar to 8 galaxies with red Spitzer/IRAC colors suggests objects with unusual ionizing capabilities that created early ionized bubbles in a neutral era. Whether such bubbles reflect enhanced ionizing properties (nature) or an overdense environment (nurture), however, remains unclear. Here we aim to distinguish between these hypotheses via a search for Ly alpha emission in five fainter galaxies drawn from the CANDELS-GOODS fields using a similar IRAC excess and UV magnitudes that should reflect reduced clustering effects. Using Keck/MOSFIRE we tentatively detect >4 sigma line emission in only two targets at redshifts z(Ly alpha) = 7.1081 and 7.9622 with rest-frame EWs of 16-17 angstrom, similar to 1.5x weaker compared to their brighter counterparts. Thus, we find a reduced rate for Lya emission of 0.40(-0.25)(+0.30) compared to 1.00(-0.44)(+0.00) for more luminous examples. The lower rate agrees with predictions from simulations of a mostly neutral intergalactic medium and an intrinsic EW0, Ly alpha distribution for z similar to 6 galaxies. However, even with an extreme EW0, Ly alpha model, it is challenging to match the detection rate for the luminous objects. Spectral energy distribution fitting of our fainter sample indicates young and star-forming systems, albeit with less extreme star formation rates and ionization parameters compared to their luminous counterparts. The enhanced Ly alpha rate in luminous galaxies is thus likely a byproduct of both extreme ionizing properties as well as environmental effects. Further studies with JWST may be required to resolve the physical nature of this puzzling population.

We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a protocluster at z = 7.88 behind the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (hereafter A2744-z7p9OD). Using JWST NIRSpec, we find seven galaxies within a projected radius of 60 kpc. Although the galaxies reside in an overdensity around greater than or similar to 20x greater than a random volume, they do not show strong Ly alpha emission. We place 2 sigma upper limits on the rest-frame equivalent width alpha emission, we constrain the volume-averaged neutral fraction of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium to be x (HI) > 0.45 (68% C i). Using an empirical M (UV)-M (halo) relation for individual galaxies, we estimate that the total halo mass of the system is greater than or similar to 4 x 10(11) M (circle dot). Likewise, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion is estimated to be 1100 +/- 200 km s(-1). Using an empirical relation, we estimate the present-day halo mass of A2744-z7p9OD to be similar to 2 x 10(15) M (circle dot), comparable to the Coma cluster. A2744-z7p9OD is the highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed protocluster to date, demonstrating the power of JWST to investigate the connection between dark-matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early times with medium-deep observations at

Context. Determining when the first galaxies formed remains an outstanding goal of modern observational astronomy. Theory and current stellar population models imply that the first galaxies formed at least at z = 14 15. But to date, only one galaxy at z > 13 (GS-z13-0) has been spectroscopically confirmed.Aims. The galaxy `HD1' was recently proposed to be a z similar to 13:27 galaxy based on its potential Lyman break and tentative [O iii] 88 mu m detection with ALMA. We hereby aim to test this scenario with new ALMA Band 4 observations of what would be the [C II] 158 mu m emission if HD1 is at z similar to 13:27.Methods. We carefully analyse the new ALMA Band 4 observations and re-analyse the existing ALMA Band 6 data on the source to determine the proposed redshift.Results. We find a tentative 4 sigma feature in the Band 4 data that is spatially o ffset by 1:'' 7 and spectrally o ffset by 190 km s(-1) from the previously reported 3.8 sigma `[O III] 88 mu m' feature. Through various statistical tests, we demonstrate that these tentative features are fully consistent with both being random noise features.Conclusions. We conclude that we are more likely to be recovering noise features than both [O III] 88 mu m and [C II] 158 mu m emission from a source at z similar to 13 :27. Although we find no credible evidence of a z similar to 13 :27 galaxy, we cannot entirely rule out this scenario. Non-detections are also possible for a z similar to 13 source with a low interstellar gas-phase metallicity or ionisation parameter and/or high gas density. Moreover, the new continuum and line upper limits provide no strong evidence for or against a lower-redshift scenario. Determining where and exactly what type of galaxy HD1 is, will now likely require JWST /NIRSpec spectroscopy.

Star cluster formation in the early universe and its contribution to reionization remains largely unconstrained to date. Here we present JWST/NIRCam imaging of the most highly magnified galaxy known at z similar to 6, the Sunrise arc. We identify six young massive star clusters (YMCs) with measured radii spanning from similar to 20 down to similar to 1 pc (corrected for lensing magnification), estimated stellar masses of similar to 10(6-7) M circle dot, and ages of 1-30 Myr based on SED fitting to photometry measured in eight filters extending to rest frame 7000 angstrom. The resulting stellar mass surface densities are higher than 1000 M circle dot(,) pc(-2) (up to a few 10(5) M circle dot(,) pc(-2)), and their inferred dynamical ages qualify the majority of these systems as gravitationally bound stellar clusters. The star cluster ages map the progression of star formation along the arc, with two evolved systems (greater than or similar to 10 Myr old) followed by very young clusters. The youngest stellar clusters (< 5 Myr) show evidence of prominent H beta+[OIII] emission based on photometry with equivalent widths larger than > 1000 angstrom rest frame and are hosted in a 200 pc sized star-forming complex. Such a region dominates the ionizing photon production with a high efficiency log(xi(ion)[Hzerg(-1)]) similar to 25.7 A significant fraction of the recently formed stellar mass of the galaxy (10%-30%) occurred in these YMCs. We speculate that such sources of ionizing radiation boost the ionizing photon production efficiency, which eventually carves ionized channels that might favor the escape of Lyman continuum radiation. The survival of some of the clusters would make them the progenitors of massive and relatively metal-poor globular clusters in the local universe.

REQUIEM-2D (Resolving Quiescent Magnified Galaxies with 2D Grism Spectroscopy) comprises a sample of eight massive (log(M-* /M-circle dot) > 10.6) strongly lensed quiescent galaxies at z similar to 2. REQUIEM-2D combines the natural magnification from strong gravitational lensing with the high-spatial-resolution grism spectroscopy of the Hubble Space Telescope through a spectrophotometric fit to study spatially resolved stellar populations. We show that quiescent galaxies in the REQUIEM-2D survey have diverse formation histories with age gradients at the 1 sigma- 3 sigma level, including examples of (1) a younger central region supporting outside-in formation, (2) flat age gradients that show evidence for both spatially uniform early formation and inside-out quenching, and (3) regions at a fixed radial distance having different ages (such asymmetries cannot be recovered when averaging stellar population measurements azimuthally). The typical dust attenuation curve for the REQUIEM-2D galaxies is constrained to be steeper than Calzetti's law in the UV and generally consistent with A(V) < 1. Combined together and accounting for the different physical radial distances and formation timescales, we find that the REQUIEM-2D galaxies that formed earlier in the universe exhibit slow and uniform growth in their inner core, whereas the galaxies that formed later have rapid inner growth in their inner core with younger ages than the outskirts. These results challenge the currently accepted paradigm of how massive quiescent galaxies form, where the earliest galaxies are thought to form most rapidly. Significantly larger samples close to the epoch of formation with similar data quality and higher spectral resolution are required to validate this finding.

We present a pilot, untargeted extragalactic carbon monoxide (CO) emission-line survey using ALMACAL, a project utilizing ALMA calibration data for scientific purposes. In 33 deep (T-exp' > 40 min) ALMACAL fields, we report six CO emission-line detections above S/N > 4, one-third confirmed by MUSE observations. With this pilot survey, we probe a cosmologically significant volume of similar to 10(5) cMpc(3), widely distributed over many pointings in the southern sky, making the survey largely insusceptible to the effects of cosmic variance. We derive the redshift probability of the CO detections using probability functions from the SHARK semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. By assuming typical CO excitations for the detections, we put constraints on the cosmic molecular gas mass density evolution over the redshift range 0 < z < 1.5. The results of our pilot survey are consistent with the findings of other untargeted emission-line surveys and the theoretical model predictions and currently cannot rule out a non-evolving molecular gas mass density. Our study demonstrates the potential of using ALMA calibrator fields as a multi-sightline untargeted CO emission-line survey. Applying this approach to the full ALMACAL database will provide an accurate, free of cosmic variance, measurement of the molecular luminosity function as a function of redshift.

We study the link between galaxies and Hi-selected absorption systems at z similar to 3-4 in the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) survey, an ESO large programme consisting of integral field spectroscopic observations of 28 quasar fields hosting 61 strong absorbers with N-HI greater than or similar to 10(16.5) cm(-2). We identify 127 Ly alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) around the absorbers, corresponding to a detection rate of 82 +/- 16 percent. The luminosity function of these LAEs is approximate to 5 times higher in normalization than the field population and we detect a significant clustering of galaxies with respect to the gas, confirming that high column density absorbers and LAEs trace each other. Between 30 and 40 percent of the absorbers are associated with multiple LAEs, which lie preferentially along filaments. Galaxies in groups also exhibit a three times higher covering factor of optically thick gas compared to isolated systems. No significant correlations are identified between the emission properties of LAEs and the absorption properties of optically thick gas clouds, except for a weak preference of brighter and multiple galaxies to reside near broad absorbers. Based on the measured impact parameters and the covering factor, we conclude that the near totality of optically thick gas in the Universe can be found in the outer circumgalactic medium (CGM) of LAEs or in the intergalactic medium (IGM) in proximity to these galaxies. Thus, LAEs act as tracers of larger scale structures within which both galaxies and optically thick clouds are embedded. The patchy and inhomogeneous nature of the CGM and IGM explains the lack of correlations between absorption and emission properties. This implies that very large samples are needed to unveil the trends that encode the properties of the baryon cycle.

The distribution of gas and metals in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a critical role in how galaxies evolve. The MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey combines MUSE, ALMA, and HST observations to constrain the properties of the multiphase gas in the CGM and the galaxies associated with the gas probed in absorption. In this paper, we analyse the properties of galaxies associated with 32 strong H I Ly- alpha absorbers at redshift 0.2 (SIC) z (SIC) 1.4. We detect 79 galaxies within +/- 500 kms(-1) of the absorbers in our 19 MUSE fields. These associated galaxies are found at physical distances from 5.7 kpc and reach star formation rates as low as 0.1 M-? yr (-1). The significant number of associated galaxies allows us to map their physical distribution on the Av and b plane. Building on previous studies, we examine the physical and nebular properties of these associated galaxies and find the following: (i) 27/32 absorbers have galaxy counterparts and more than 50 per cent of the absorbers have two or more associated galaxies, (ii) the H I column density of absorbers is anticorrelated with the impact parameter (scaled by virial radius) of the nearest galaxy as expected from simulations, (iii) the metallicity of associated galaxies is typically larger than the absorber metallicity, which decreases at larger impact parameters. It becomes clear that while strong H I absorbers are typically associated with more than a single galaxy, we can use them to statistically map the gas and metal distribution in the CGM.

Cosmic dust is an essential component shaping both the evolution of galaxies and their observational signatures. How quickly dust builds up in the early Universe remains an open question that requires deep observations at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths to resolve. Here, we use Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of 45 galaxies from the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) and its pilot programs, designed to target [C II] and dust emission in UV-selected galaxies at z similar to 7, to investigate the dust content of high-redshift galaxies through a stacking analysis. We find that the typical fraction of obscured star formation integral(obs) = SFRIR/SFRUV+IR depends on stellar mass, similar to what is observed at lower redshift, and ranges from f(obs) approximate to 0.3 - 0.6 for galaxies with log(10)(M*/M circle dot) = 9.4-10.4. We further adopt the z similar to 7 stellar mass function from the literature to extract the obscured cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) from the REBELS survey. Our results suggest only a modest decrease in the SFRD between 3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 7, with dust-obscured star formation still contributing similar to 30 per cent at z similar to 7. While we extensively discuss potential caveats, our analysis highlights the continued importance of dust-obscured star formation even well into the epoch of reionization.

Aims. The general consensus is that late-type galaxies undergo intense star-formation, activity while early-type galaxies are mostly inactive. We question this general rule and investigate the existence of star-forming early-type and quiescent late-type galaxies in the local Universe. By computing the physical properties of these galaxies and by using information on their structural properties as well as the density of their local environment, we seek to understand the differences from their 'typical' counterparts.Methods. We made use of the multi-wavelength photometric data (from the ultraviolet to the sub-millimetre), for 2209 morphologically classified galaxies in the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey. Furthermore, we separated the galaxies into subsets of star-forming and quiescent based on their dominant ionising process, making use of established criteria based on the W-H alpha width and the [N-II/H alpha] ratio. Taking advantage of the spectral energy distribution fitting code CIGALE, we derived galaxy properties, such as the stellar mass, dust mass, and star-formation rate, and we also estimated the unattenuated and the dust-absorbed stellar emission, for both the young ( 200 Myr) stellar populations.Results. We find that about 47% of E/S0 galaxies in our sample show ongoing star-formation activity and 8% of late-type galaxies are quiescent. The star-forming elliptical galaxies, together with the little blue spheroids, constitute a population that follows the star-forming main sequence of spiral galaxies very well. The fraction of the luminosity originating from young stars in the star-forming early-type galaxies is quite substantial (similar to 25%) and similar to that of the star-forming late-type galaxies. The stellar luminosity absorbed by the dust (and used to heat the dust grains) is highest in star-forming E/S0 galaxies (an average of 35%) followed by star-forming Sa-Scd galaxies (27%) with this fraction becoming significantly smaller for their quies

Starch with a high amylose (AM) content (high AM starch, HAS) has attracted increasing research attention due to its industrial application potential, such as functional foods and biodegradable packaging. In the past two decades, HAS structure, functionality, and applications have been the research hotspots. However, a review that comprehensively summarizes these areas is lacking, making it difficult for interested readers to keep track of past and recent advances. In this review, we highlight studies that benefited from rapidly developing techniques, and systematically review the structure, functionality, and applications of HAS. We particularly emphasize the relationships between HAS molecular structure and physicochemical properties.

Submillimeter/millimeter observations of dusty star-forming galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have shown that dust continuum emission generally occurs in compact regions smaller than the stellar distribution. However, it remains to be understood how systematic these findings are. Studies often lack homogeneity in the sample selection, target discontinuous areas with inhomogeneous sensitivities, and suffer from modest uv coverage coming from single array configurations. GOODS-ALMA is a 1.1 mm galaxy survey over a continuous area of 72.42 arcmin(2) at a homogeneous sensitivity. In this version 2.0, we present a new low resolution dataset and its combination with the previous high resolution dataset from the survey, improving the uv coverage and sensitivity reaching an average of sigma = 68.4 mu Jy beam(-1). A total of 88 galaxies are detected in a blind search (compared to 35 in the high resolution dataset alone), 50% at S/N-peak >= 5 and 50% at 3.5 1 mJy, compact dust continuum emission at 1.1 mm prevails, and sizes as extended as typical star-forming stellar disks are rare. The S-1.1mm < 1 mJy sources appear slightly more extended at 1.1 mm, although they are still generally compact below the sizes of typical star-forming stellar disks.

The gravitationally lensed star WHL 0137-LS, nicknamed Earendel, was identified with a photometric redshift z (phot) = 6.2 +/- 0.1 based on images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Camera images of Earendel in eight filters spanning 0.8-5.0 mu m. In these higher-resolution images, Earendel remains a single unresolved point source on the lensing critical curve, increasing the lower limit on the lensing magnification to mu > 4000 and restricting the source plane radius further to r < 0.02 pc, or similar to 4000 au. These new observations strengthen the conclusion that Earendel is best explained by an individual star or multiple star system and support the previous photometric redshift estimate. Fitting grids of stellar spectra to our photometry yields a stellar temperature of T (eff) similar to 13,000-16,000 K, assuming the light is dominated by a single star. The delensed bolometric luminosity in this case ranges from log(L)=5.8 L-theta, which is in the range where one expects luminous blue variable stars. Follow-up observations, including JWST NIRSpec scheduled for late 2022, are needed to further unravel the nature of this object, which presents a unique opportunity to study massive stars in the first billion years of the universe.

The gas cycling in the circumgalactic regions of galaxies is known to be multi-phase. The MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey gathers a large multi-wavelength observational sample of absorption and emission data with the goal to significantly advance our understanding of the physical properties of such CGM gas. A key component of the MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey is the multi-facility observational campaign conducted with VLT/MUSE, ALMA, and HST. MUSE-ALMA Haloes targets comprise 19 VLT/MUSE IFS quasar fields, including 32 z(abs) = 10(18) cm(-2) from UV-spectroscopy. We additionally use a new complementary HST medium program to characterize the stellar content of the galaxies through a 40-orbit three-band UVIS and IR WFC3 imaging. Beyond the absorber-selected targets, we detect 3658 sources all fields combined, including 703 objects with spectroscopic redshifts. This galaxy-selected sample constitutes the main focus of the current paper. We have secured millimeter ALMA observations of some of the fields to probe the molecular gas properties of these objects. Here, we present the overall survey science goals, target selection, observational strategy, data processing and source identification of the full sample. Furthermore, we provide catalogues of magnitude measurements for all objects detected in VLT/MUSE, ALMA, and HST broad-band images and associated spectroscopic redshifts derived from VLT/MUSE observations. Together, this data set provides robust characterization of the neutral atomic gas, molecular gas and stars in the same objects resulting in the baryon census of condensed matter in complex galaxy structures.

We present the multiwavelength counterparts of 850-mu m selected submillimetre sources over a 2-deg(2) field centred on the North Ecliptic Pole. In order to overcome the large beam size (15 arcsec) of the 850-mu m images, deep optical to near-infrared (NIR) photometric data and arcsecond-resolution 20-cm images are used to identify counterparts of submillimetre sources. Among 647 sources, we identify 514 reliable counterparts for 449 sources (69 per cent in number), based either on probabilities of chance associations calculated from positional offsets or offsets combined with the optical-to-NIR colours. In the radio imaging, the fraction of 850-mu m sources having multiple counterparts is 7 percent. The photometric redshift, infrared luminosity, stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution to the total infrared luminosity of the identified counterparts are investigated through spectral energy distribution fitting. The SMGs are infrared-luminous galaxies at an average < z > = 2.5 with log(10)(L-IR/L-circle dot) = 11.5-13.5, with a mean stellar mass of log(10)(M-star/M-circle dot) = 10.90 and SFR of log(10)(SFR/M-circle dot yr(-1)) = 2.34. The submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) show twice as large SFR as galaxies on the star-forming main sequence, and about 40 per cent of the SMGs are classified as objects with bursty star formation. At z >= 4, the contribution of AGN luminosity to total luminosity for most SMGs is larger than 30 per cent. The FIR-to-radio correlation coefficient of SMGs is consistent with that of main-sequence galaxies at z similar or equal to 2.

We introduce an ALMA band 3 spectroscopic survey targeting the brightest submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the COSMOS field. Here we present the first results based on the 18 primary SMGs that have 870 mu m flux densities of S-870 =12.4-19.3 mJy and are drawn from a parent sample of 260 ALMA-detected SMGs from the AS2COSMOS survey. We detect emission lines in 17 and determine their redshifts to be in the range of z = 2-5 with a median of 3.3 +/- 0.3. We confirm that SMGs with brighter S(870 )are located at higher redshifts. The data additionally cover five fainter companion SMGs, and we obtain line detection in one. Together with previous studies, our results indicate that for SMGs that satisfy our selection, their brightest companion SMGs are physically associated with their corresponding primary SMGs >= 40% of the time, suggesting that mergers play a role in the triggering of star formation. By modeling the foreground gravitational fields, 2. We determine that about 90% of the primary SMGs have lines that are better described by double Gaussian profiles, and the median separation of the two Gaussian peaks is 430 +/- 40 km s(-1). This allows estimates of an average baryon mass, which, together with the line dispersion measurements, puts our primary SMGs on the similar mass-sigma correlation found on local early-type galaxies. Finally, the number density of our z > 4 primary SMGs is found to be 11 x 10(-6 )cMpc(-3), suggesting that they can be the progenitors of z similar to 3-4 massive quiescent galaxies.

Accurate models of the star formation histories (SFHs) of recently quenched galaxies can provide constraints on when and how galaxies shut down their star formation. The recent development of nonparametric SFH models promises the flexibility required to make these measurements. However, model and prior choices significantly affect derived SFHs, particularly for post-starburst galaxies (PSBs), which have sharp changes in their recent SFH. In this paper, we create mock PSBs, then use the Prospector SED fitting software to test how well four different SFH models recover key properties. We find that a two-component parametric model performs well for our simple mock galaxies, but is sensitive to model mismatches. The fixed- and flexible-bin nonparametric models included in Prospector are able to rapidly quench a major burst of star formation, but systematically underestimate the post-burst age by up to 200 Myr. We develop a custom SFH model that allows for additional flexibility in the recent SFH. Our flexible nonparametric model is able to constrain post-burst ages with no significant offset and just similar to 90 Myr of scatter. Our results suggest that while standard nonparametric models are able to recover first-order quantities of the SFH (mass, SFR, average age), accurately recovering higher-order quantities (burst fraction, quenching time) requires careful consideration of model flexibility. These mock recovery tests are a critical part of future SFH studies. Finally, we show that our new, public SFH model is able to accurately recover the properties of mock star-forming and quiescent galaxies and is suitable for broader use in the SED fitting community. https://github.com/bd-j/prospector

We present panchromatic observations and modeling of calcium-strong supernovae (SNe) 2021gno in the star-forming host-galaxy NGC 4165 and 2021inl in the outskirts of elliptical galaxy NGC 4923, both monitored through the Young Supernova Experiment transient survey. The light curves of both, SNe show two peaks, the former peak being derived from shock cooling emission (SCE) and/or shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). The primary peak in SN 2021gno is coincident with luminous, rapidly decaying X-ray emission (L-x = 5 x 10(41) erg s(-1)) detected by Swift-XRT at delta t = 1 day after explosion, this observation being the second-ever detection of X-rays from a calcium-strong transient. We interpret the X-ray emission in the context of shock interaction with CSM that extends to r < 3 x 10(14) cm. Based on X-ray modeling, we calculate a CSM mass M-CSM = (0.3-1.6) x 10(-3) M-circle dot and density n = (1-4) x 10(10) cm(-3). Radio nondetections indicate a low-density environment at larger radii (r > 10(16) cm) and mass-loss rate of M < 10(-4) M-circle dot yr(-1). SCE modeling of both primary light-curve peaks indicates an extended-progenitor envelope mass M-e = 0.02-0.05 M-circle dot and radius R-e = 30-230 R-circle dot. The explosion properties suggest progenitor systems containing either a low-mass massive star or a white dwarf (WD), the former being unlikely given the lack of local star formation. Furthermore, the environments of both SNe are consistent with low-mass hybrid He/C/O WD + C/O WD mergers.

We present structural measurements of 145 spectroscopically selected intermediate-redshift (z similar to 0.7), massive (M-star similar to 10(11) M (circle dot)) post-starburst galaxies from the SQuIGG (L) over right arrowE i-band imaging. This deep imaging allows us to probe the sizes and structures of these galaxies, which we compare to a control sample of star-forming and quiescent galaxies drawn from the LEGA-C Survey. We find that post-starburst galaxies systematically lie similar to 0.1 dex below the quiescent mass-size (half-light radius) relation, with a scatter of similar to 0.2 dex. This finding is bolstered by nonparametric measures, such as the Gini coefficient and the concentration, which also reveal these galaxies to have more compact light profiles than both quiescent and star-forming populations at similar mass and redshift. The sizes of post-starburst galaxies show either negative or no correlation with the time since quenching, such that more recently quenched galaxies are larger or similarly sized. This empirical finding disfavors the formation of post-starburst galaxies via a purely central burst of star formation that simultaneously shrinks the galaxy and shuts off star formation. We show that the central densities of post-starburst and quiescent galaxies at this epoch are very similar, in contrast with their effective radii. The structural properties of z similar to 0.7 post-starburst galaxies match those of quiescent galaxies that formed in the early universe, suggesting that rapid quenching in the present epoch is driven by a similar mechanism to the one at high redshift.

We present results from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm continuum observations of a sample of 27 star-forming galaxies at z = 2.1-2.5 from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey with metallicity and star formation rate measurements from optical emission lines. Using stacks of Spitzer, Herschel, and ALMA photometry (rest frame similar to 8-400 mu m), we examine the infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions (SED) of z similar to 2.3 subsolar-metallicity (similar to 0.5 Z (circle dot)) luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs). We find that the data agree well with an average template of higher-luminosity local low-metallicity dwarf galaxies (reduced chi (2) = 1.8). When compared with the commonly used templates for solar-metallicity local galaxies or high-redshift LIRGs and ultraluminous IR galaxies, even in the most favorable case (with reduced chi (2) = 2.8), the templates are rejected at >98% confidence. The broader and hotter IR SED of both the local dwarfs and high-redshift subsolar-metallicity galaxies may result from different grain properties or a harder/more intense ionizing radiation field that increases the dust temperature. The obscured star formation rate (SFR) indicated by the far-IR emission of the subsolar-metallicity galaxies is only similar to 60% of the total SFR, considerably lower than that of the local LIRGs with similar to 96%-97% obscured fractions. Due to the evolving IR SED shape, the local LIRG templates fit to mid-IR data overestimate the Rayleigh-Jeans tail measurements by a factor of 2-20. These templates underestimate IR luminosities if fit to the observed ALMA fluxes by >0.4 dex. At a given stellar mass or metallicity, dust masses at z similar to 2.3 are an order of magnitude higher than z similar to 0. Given the predicted molecular gas fractions, the observed z similar to 2.3 dust-to-stellar mass ratios suggest lower dust-to-molecular gas masses than in local galaxies with similar metallicities.

We investigate the strongly lensed (mu similar or equal to x10-100) Lyman continuum (LyC) galaxy, dubbed Sunburst, at z = 2.37, taking advantage of a new accurate model of the lens. A characterization of the intrinsic (delensed) properties of the system yields a size of similar or equal to 3 sq. kpc, a luminosity of M-UV = -20.3, and a stellar mass of M similar or equal to 10(9) M-circle dot; 16% of the ultraviolet light is located in a 3 Myr old gravitationally bound young massive star cluster (YMC), with an effective radius of similar to 8 pc (corresponding to 1 milliarcsec without lensing) and a dynamical mass of -107 M. (similar to the stellar mass) - from which LyC radiation is detected (lambda < 912 angstrom). The star formation rate and stellar mass surface densities for the YMC are Log(10)(Sigma(SFR)[M(circle dot)yr(-1) kpc(-2)]) similar or equal to 3.7 and Log(10)(Sigma(M)[M-circle dot pc(-2)]) similar or equal to 4.1, with sSFR > 330 Gyr(-1), consistent with the values observed in local young massive star clusters. The inferred outflowing gas velocity (>300 km s(-1)) exceeds the escape velocity of the cluster. The resulting relative escape fraction of the ionizing radiation emerging from the entire galaxy is higher than 6-12%, whilst it is greater than or similar to 46-93% if inferred from the YMC multiple line of sights. At least 12 additional unresolved star-forming knots with radii spanning the interval 3-20 pc (the majority of them likely gravitationally bound star clusters) are identified in the galaxy. A significant fraction (40-60%) of the ultraviolet light of the entire galaxy is located in such bound star clusters. In adopting a formation timescale of the star clusters of 20 Myr, a cluster formation efficiency Gamma greater than or similar to 30%. The star formation rate surface density of the Sunburst galaxy (Log(10)(Sigma(SFR)) = 0.5(-0.2)(+0.3)) is consistent with the high inferred Gamma, as observed in . local galaxies experiencing

The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical effectiveness and patient acceptability of a modified glass ionomer cement placed using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique to treat root caries, and to carry out microbiological analysis of the restored sites. Two clinically visible root surface carious lesions per participant were restored using ART. One was restored with commercial glass ionomer cement (GIC) (ChemFil® Superior, DENTSPLY, Konstonz, Germany) which acted as the control. The other carious root lesion was restored with the same GIC modified with 5% chlorhexidine digluconate (GIC-CHX; test). Patient acceptability and restoration survival rate were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. Plaque and saliva samples around the test and control restorations were collected, and microbiological analysis for selected bacterial and fungal viability were completed at baseline, and after 1, 3, and 6 months. In total, 52 restorations were placed using GIC and GIC-CHX in 26 participants; 1 patient was lost to follow-up. After reviewing the restorations during their baseline appointments, participants indicated that they were satisfied with the appearance of the restorations (n = 25, 96%) and did not feel anxious during the procedure (n = 24, 92%). Forty-eight percent (n = 12) of the GIC-CHX restorations were continuous with the existing anatomic form as opposed to six for the GIC restorations (24%), a difference which was statistically significant (p = 0.036). There was no statistically significant reduction in the mean count of the tested microorganisms in plaque samples for either type of restorations after 1, 3, or 6 months. Restoration of carious root surfaces with GIC-CHX resulted in higher survival rates than the control GIC. ART using GIC-CHX may therefore be a viable approach for use in outreach dental services to restore root surface carious lesions where dental services are not readily available, and for older people and special ne