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1. Impact of Gender on the Characteristics of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Included in the RaDiCo-ILD Cohort

Author: Sandrine Hirschi, Sonia Gueguen, M. Chevereau, Serge Amselem, Anne-Sophie Gamez, Martine Reynaud-Gaubert, Philippe Bonniaud, Dominique Israel-Biet, Annick Clement, I. Dufaure-Garé, Sylvain Marchand-Adam, Lidwine Wemeau-Stervinou, David Montani, Vincent Cottin, Jacques Cadranel, Hilario Nunes, Sébastien Quétant, Bruno Crestani, Stéphane Jouneau, Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée - UMR 754 (IVPC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hypoxie et Poumon : pneumopathologies fibrosantes, modulations ventilatoires et circulatoires (H&P), UFR SMBH-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires (PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pathologies Respiratoires : Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux [CHU Grenoble], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), CHU Strasbourg, Hypertension pulmonaire : physiopathologie et innovation thérapeutique (HPPIT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] (CHU), CHU Trousseau [APHP], French National Research Agency under the 'cohorts' programme of the Investissements d'Avenir (Investments for the Future) French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-COHO-0003], ANR-10-COHO-0003,RADICO,Cohorte nationale maladies rares(2010), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre Constitutif de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares [AP-HP Tenon], Centre national de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares [Lyon] (CRMPM)-Service de Pneumologie - Oncologie Thoracique - Maladies Pulmonaires Rares [CHU Tenon], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Centre national de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares [Lyon] (CRMPM)-Service de Pneumologie = Pneumologie - Oncologie Thoracique - Maladies Pulmonaires Rares [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], Centre de référence national pour les maladies respiratoires rares de l’enfant RespiRare [CHU Trousseau], Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, and Cohortes - Cohorte nationale maladies rares - - RADICO2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0003 - COHO - VALID
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Vital capacity, Registry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Pulmonary function testing, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rare Diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Honeycombing, Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, 10. No inequality, Emphysema, Patient characteristics, business.industry, Interstitial lung disease, Gender, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030228 respiratory system, Cohort, Quality of Life, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Female, France, business, Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Abstract: Background: There is growing evidence of gender-specific phenotypic differences among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which may affect patient outcomes. Objectives: We present the characteristics of patients with IPF at inclusion in the French Rare Disease Cohort – Interstitial Lung Disease (RaDiCo-ILD) with the aim of characterizing gender-specific phenotypic differences. Methods: Patients with IPF who were enrolled in the national, multicentre RaDiCo-ILD cohort were included. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores, pulmonary function, chest imaging, and IPF treatment were collected at inclusion and described by gender. Results: The cohort included 724 patients with IPF (54% of RaDiCo-ILD cohort), of whom 82.9% were male. The proportion of male and female patients with a prior history of smoking was 75.0% and 26.8%, respectively. Emphysema was present in 17.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0, 24.0) of men and 5.4% (95% CI: 1.2, 9.6) of women. At inclusion, females had poorer HRQoL than males based on St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores (48.5 [95% CI: 43.9, 53.0] and 41.5 [39.4, 43.6], respectively). The mean forced vital capacity per cent predicted was 77.7% (95% CI: 76.2, 79.3) and 87.4% (83.4, 91.4) for males and females, respectively. Honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was present in 70.8% (95% CI: 61.0, 80.6) of males and 45.8% (95% CI: 35.1, 56.5) of females. Conclusions: This analysis of patients with IPF at inclusion in the RaDiCo-ILD cohort provides evidence that comorbid emphysema, lung volume reduction, and honeycombing on HRCT are more common characteristics of males than females.
Published: 2022

2. Title: AA amyloidosis complicating monoclonal gammopathies, an unusual feature validating the concept of 'monoclonal gammopathy of inflammatory significance'? Authors: Alexandre Terré¹ , ¹³ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-9068, Magali Colombat²

Author: Terré, Alexandre, Colombat, Magali, Cez, Alexandre, Martin, Claire, Diet, Carine, Brechignac, Sabine, Oghina, Silvia, Bodez, Diane, Faguer, Stanislas, Savey, Léa, Galland, Joris, Boffa, Jean‐jacques, Grateau, Gilles, Jaccard, Arnaud, Buob, David, Georgin‐lavialle, Sophie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et des Amyloses [CHU Tenon] (CeréMAIA), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de Néphrologie et Dialyses [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Saint-Louis de La Rochelle (CH La Rochelle), CHU Henri Mondor, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre cardiologique du Nord (CCN), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Dupuytren [CHU Limoges], Service de Pathologie [CHU Tenon], HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Service de Département de Néphrologie = Service de Néphrologie et Dialyses [CHU Tenon], Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Monoclonal gammopathies, Mass-spectrometry, AL amyloidosis, paraproteinemia, AA amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathies AA amyloidosis, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; IntroductionAL amyloidosis is caused by the proliferation of an immunoglobulin-secreting B cell clone. AA amyloidosis is a rare complication of chronic inflammation. However, some patients present with diseases combining monoclonal immunoglobulin production and chronic inflammation. The aim of this work was to describe cases of AA amyloidosis associated with monoclonal gammopathies.Patients and methodsWe reviewed all patients reported in French national amyloid centres presenting with AA amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy and performed a literature review. The quality of AA amyloidosis diagnosis and the causal relationship with monoclonal gammopathy were assessed.ResultsIn total, four patients from our centres and eight from the literature fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The haematological disorders presenting with monoclonal gammopathy were as follows: Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (n = 8), Schnitzler syndrome (n = 2), multiple myeloma (n = 1) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (n = 1). Treatment strategies varied among the cases, with the treatment of the haematological disorder in 4 and anti-inflammatory treatment in 2.ConclusionMonoclonal gammopathies might be a rare and poorly known cause of AA amyloidosis. Such monoclonal gammopathies could be named “monoclonal gammopathies of inflammatory significance.”
Published: 2021

3. Regulatory T Cells Increase After rh-MOG Stimulation in Non-Relapsing but Decrease in Relapsing MOG Antibody-Associated Disease at Onset in Children

Author: Philippe Horellou, Aliénor de Chalus, Laetitia Giorgi, Carole Leroy, Pascale Chrétien, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Christine Bourgeois, Xavier Mariette, Ché Serguera, Roger Le Grand, Kumaran Deiva, Service de neurologie [Le Kremlin Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Médecine Interne - Immunologie Clinique [AP-HP Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies (IDMIT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Lymphocyte Activation, multiple sclerosis, Autoantigens, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, neuroinflammation, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, immune system diseases, Immunology and Allergy, auto-immune diseases, Age of Onset, Child, Original Research, biology, Age Factors, FOXP3, hemic and immune systems, regulatory T lymphocytes, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Disease Susceptibility, Antibody, Adolescent, Immunology, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Autoimmune Diseases, Immunophenotyping, 03 medical and health sciences, acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS), Antigen, medicine, Humans, Neuroinflammation, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune disease, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, RC581-607, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract: BackgroundMyelin oligodendrocytes glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) represent 25% of pediatric acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS); 40% of them may relapse, mimicking multiple sclerosis (MS), a recurrent and neurodegenerative ADS, which is MOG-Abs negative.AimsTo identify MOG antigenic immunological response differences between MOGAD, MS and control patients, and between relapsing versus non-relapsing subgroups of MOGAD.MethodsThree groups of patients were selected: MOGAD (n=12 among which 5 relapsing (MOGR) and 7 non-relapsing (MOGNR)), MS (n=10) and control patients (n=7). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected at the time of the first demyelinating event were cultured for 48 h with recombinant human (rh)-MOG protein (10 μg/ml) for a specific stimulation or without stimulation as a negative control. The T cells immunophenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. CD4+ T cells, T helper (Th) cells including Th1, Th2, and Th17 were analyzed by intracellular staining of cytokines. Regulatory T cells (Tregs, Foxp3+), CD45RA-Foxp3+ Tregs and subpopulation naive Tregs (CD45RA+Foxp3int), effector Tregs (CD45RA-Foxp3high) and non-suppressive Tregs (CD45RA-Foxp3int) proportions were determined.ResultsThe mean onset age of each group, ranging from 9.9 to 13.8, and sex ratio, were similar between MOGR, MOGNR, MS and control patients as analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. When comparing unstimulated to rh-MOG stimulated T cells, a significant increase in the proportion of Th2 and Th17 cells was observed in MOGAD. Increase of Th17 cells was significant in MOGNR (means: 0.63 ± 0.15 vs. 1.36 ± 0.43; Wilcoxon-test p = 0.03) but not in MOGR. CD4+ Tregs were significantly increased in MOGNR (means: 3.51 ± 0.7 vs. 4.59 ± 1.33; Wilcoxon-test p = 0.046) while they decreased in MOGR. CD45RA-Foxp3+ Tregs were significantly decreased in MOGR (means: 2.37 ± 0.23 vs. 1.99 ± 0.17; paired t-test p = 0.021), but not in MOGNR. MOGR showed the highest ratio of effector Tregs/non suppressive-Tregs, which was significantly higher than in MOGNR.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CD4+ Th2 and Th17 cells are involved in the pathophysiology of MOGAD in children. The opposite response of Tregs to rh-MOG in MOGNR, where CD4+ Tregs increased, and in MOGR, where CD45RA-Foxp3+ Tregs decreased, suggests a probable loss of tolerance toward MOG autoantigen in MOGR which may explain relapses in this recurrent pediatric autoimmune disease.
Published: 2021

4. Benefits and risks of bronchoalveolar lavage in severe asthma in children

Author: Blandine Prevost, Nadia Nathan, Laura Berdah, Raja Ben Tkhayat, Harriet Corvol, Jocelyne Just, Jessica Taytard, Centre de référence national pour les maladies respiratoires rares de l’enfant RespiRare [CHU Trousseau], Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Equipe de Statistique Appliquée (UMRS 1158) (ESA), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Service d'Allergologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Mucoviscidose: physiopathologie et phénogénomique [CRSA], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Severe asthma, Asthma management, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, Bronchoscopy, Internal medicine, Original Research Articles, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Flexible bronchoscopy, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Asthma symptoms, respiratory system, University hospital, Asthma, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, Bronchoalveolar lavage, 030228 respiratory system, business, Tracheobronchial malacia
Abstract: Background Although bronchoscopy can be part of the exploration of severe asthma in children, the benefit of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is unknown. The present study aimed to decipher whether systematic BAL during a flexible bronchoscopy procedure could better specify the characteristics of severe asthma and improve asthma management. Material and methods The study took place in two departments of a university hospital in Paris. Children who underwent flexible bronchoscopy for the exploration of severe asthma between April 2017 and September 2019 were retrospectively included. Results In total, 203 children were included, among whom 107 had a BAL. BAL cell count was normal in most cases, with an increasing number of eosinophils with age, independently from the atopic status of the patients. Compared with bronchial aspiration only, BAL increased the rate of identified bacterial infection by 1.5. Nonatopic patients had more bacterial infections (p, Bronchoalveolar lavage can help characterise severe asthma in children. However, it can be poorly tolerated and, in most cases, its impact on the patient's management remains limited. https://bit.ly/39XOlMt
Published: 2021

5. Use of ruxolitinib in COPA syndrome manifesting as life-threatening alveolar haemorrhage

Author: Yanick J. Crow, Hugues Begueret, Serge Amselem, Hubert Ducou Le Pointe, Michael Fayon, Marie-Louise Frémond, Gillian I. Rice, Nadia Nathan, Darragh Duffy, Emilie Filhol-Blin, Laura Berdah, Nicolas Richard, Vincent Bondet, Chiara Sileo, Annick Clement, Marie Legendre, Aurore Coulomb, Bénédicte Neven, Sylvie Roullaud, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier d'Angoulême (CH Angoulême), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester [Manchester], Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service de Radiologie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Edinburgh, Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier d'Angoulême, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-16-CE17-0005,GENMSMD,Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme(2016), and ANR-16-CE17-0010,IFNX,Investigation des interferonopathies type I humaine(2016)
Subjects: Lung Diseases, massive haemoptysis, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Ruxolitinib, Hemosiderosis, paediatric interstitial lung disease, Arthritis, Hemorrhage, Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, Nitriles, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, rare lung diseases, business.industry, Interstitial lung disease, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, systemic disease and lungs, Pyrimidines, 030228 respiratory system, Pulmonary haemosiderosis, Coatomer, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Immunology, Pyrazoles, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, paediatric lung disaese, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: COPA (coatomer subunit α) syndrome is a newly recognised cause of interstitial lung disease in children and adults, frequently associated with arthritis and renal dysfunction. We report a 11-year-old girl with disease limited to major pulmonary haemosiderosis manifesting at the age of 2 years, due to a heterozygous p.(Arg233His) mutation in COPA. Her interferon (IFN) signature was elevated (10.312 and 12.429, healthy COPA screening. Functional tests can help to personalise patient therapy.
Published: 2019

6. Autoinflammatory diseases: State of the art

Author: Antoine Fayand, Léa Savey, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, François Rodrigues, Gilles Grateau, Claude Bachmeyer, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et des Amyloses [CHU Tenon] (CeréMAIA), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Familial Mediterranean fever, Still Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Humans, Medicine, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Mevalonate kinase deficiency, business.industry, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases, Autoantibody, Disease Management, General Medicine, Adenitis, medicine.disease, Pharyngitis, 3. Good health, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, medicine.symptom, business, Periodic fever syndrome
Abstract: Autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by innate immunity abnormalities. In autoinflammatory diseases (AID), inflammatory blood biomarkers are elevated during crisis without infection and usually without autoantibodies. The first 4 described AID were familial Mediterranean fever, cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome (CAPS) or NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NRLP3-AID), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) and TNFRSF1A-receptor associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS). Since their description 20 years ago, and with the progresses of genetic analysis, many new diseases have been discovered; some with recurrent fever, others with predominant cutaneous symptoms or even immune deficiency. After describing the 4 historical recurrent fevers, some polygenic inflammatory diseases will also be shortly described such as Still disease and periodic fever with adenitis, pharyngitis and aphtous (PFAPA) syndrome. To better explore AID, some key anamnesis features are crucial such as the family tree, the age at onset, crisis length and organs involved in the clinical symptoms. An acute phase response is mandatory in crisis.
Published: 2019

7. Paediatric sarcoidosis

Author: Nadia Nathan, Chiara Sileo, Alain Calender, Yves Pacheco, Paul-André Rosental, Catherine Cavalin, Odile Macchi, Dominique Valeyre, Annick Clement, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie de l'immunodépression associée aux réponses inflammatoires systémiques - EA 7426 (PI3), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Hypoxie et Poumon : pneumopathologies fibrosantes, modulations ventilatoires et circulatoires (H&P), UFR SMBH-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po (CHSP), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po (Sciences Po) (CHSP), Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Clinique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales (IRISSO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Pneumologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Immunovirologie et polymorphisme génétique, Université de Nantes (UN), Service des maladies respiratoires, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Groupe Hospitalier Avicenne-Jean Verdier-René Muret, CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques (Sciences Po) (LIEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, disease, Granuloma, Adolescent, Sarcoidosis, Infant, Interstitial lung disease, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary, 030228 respiratory system, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Disease Progression, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Lung, Children
Abstract: International audience; Paediatric sarcoidosis is an extremely rare disease characterized by a granulomatous inflammation. The estimated incidence is 0.6–1.02/100,000 children, but in the absence of international registers, the disease is probably under-reported. Its pathophysiologic basis is not clearly understood but the current hypothesis is a combination of a genetic predisposition and an environmental exposure that could be either organic or mineral. Contrary to adult forms of the disease, general symptoms are often at the forefront at diagnosis. In its most frequent form, paediatric sarcoidosis is a multi-organ disorder affecting preferentially the lungs, the lymphatic system and the liver, but all organs can be affected. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on sarcoidosis in children, providing a summary of the data available from cohort studies on the presentation, the management and the evolution of the disease in this specific population.
Published: 2019

8. Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease: Outcomes and Risk Factors in a Large Cohort of French Patients

Author: Dominique Debray, Loïc Guillot, Harriet Corvol, Annick Clement, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Trousseau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), French CF Modifier Gene Study Investigators, BOELLE, Pierre-Yves, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Mucoviscidose: physiopathologie et phénogénomique [CRSA], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], and CHU Trousseau [APHP]
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cystic Fibrosis, Meconium Ileus, Cystic fibrosis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Child, Adverse effect, Retrospective Studies, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Hepatology, business.industry, cirrhosis, Incidence, Liver Diseases, Incidence (epidemiology), Ursodeoxycholic Acid, portal hypertension, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Ursodeoxycholic acid, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, meconium ileus, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, France, liver disease, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related liver disease (CFLD) is a common symptom in patients with CF. However, its prevalence, risk factors, and evolution are unclear. We analyzed a large database of patients with CF to investigate the incidence of CFLD, its related risk factors, and the use and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. We retrospectively analyzed 3,328 CF patients with pancreatic insufficiency born after 1985 and recruited into the French CF Modifier Gene Study since 2004. We determined liver status, age at CFLD and severe CFLD onset, sex, CFTR genotype, history of meconium ileus, treatment with UDCA, and respiratory and nutritional status. The incidence of CFLD increased by approximately 1% every year, reaching 32.2% by age 25. The incidence of severe CFLD increased only after the age of 5, reaching 10% by age 30. Risk factors for CFLD and severe CFLD were male sex, CFTR F508del homozygosity, and history of meconium ileus. Increasingly precocious initiation of UDCA treatment did not change the incidence of severe CFLD. Finally, patients with severe CFLD had worse lung function and nutritional status than other CF patients. Conclusion: CFLD occurs not only during childhood but also later in the lifetime of patients with CF; male sex, CFTR F508del homozygosity, and history of meconium ileus are independent risk factors for CFLD development; earlier use of UDCA over the last 20 years has not changed the incidence of severe CFLD, leading to questions about the use of this treatment in young children given its possible adverse effects.
Published: 2018

9. Proteasomal degradation of NOD2 by NLRP12 in monocytes promotes bacterial tolerance and colonization by enteropathogens

Author: Normand, Sylvain, Waldschmitt, Nadine, Neerincx, Andreas, Martinez-Torres, Ruben Julio, Chauvin, Camille, Couturier-Maillard, Aurelie, Boulard, Olivier, Cobret, Laetitia, Awad, Fawaz, Huot, Ludovic, Ribeiro-Ribeiro, Andre, Lautz, Katja, Ruez, Richard, Delacre, Myriam, Bondu, Clovis, Guilliams, Martin, Scott, Charlotte, Segal, Anthony, Amselem, Serge, Hot, David, Karabina, Sonia, Bohn, Erwin, Ryffel, Bernhard, Poulin, Lionel F, Kufer, Thomas A, Chamaillard, Mathias, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University College of London [London] (UCL), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Cologne, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO), University of Hohenheim, We thank Yvonne Postma for technical assistance., Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Trafic, Signalisation et Ciblage Intracellulaires, Institut Curie, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology [Ghent, Belgium], VIB Inflammation Research Center [Ghent, Belgium], UCL, Dept Med, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), and UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau]
Subjects: Male, MONARCH-1, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein, ATG16L1, PROTEIN, MESH: Mice, Knockout, ACTIVATION, Mice, ATTENUATES COLON INFLAMMATION, MESH: Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, MESH: Inflammation/immunology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Enterobacteriaceae Infections/immunology, MESH: HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism, Mice, Knockout, CITROBACTER-RODENTIUM, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, NF-kappa B, MESH: HEK293 Cells, MESH: Immune Tolerance/immunology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, SENSORS NOD1, MESH: NF-kappa B/metabolism, Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine, MESH: Citrobacter rodentium/immunology, MESH: Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/metabolism, EXPRESSION, MESH: Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Science, MESH: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/metabolism, DENDRITIC CELLS, Article, Cell Line, MESH: Bacterial Capsules/metabolism, Immune Tolerance, MESH: Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology, Animals, Humans, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, MESH: Mice, Bacterial Capsules, Inflammation, MESH: Humans, MUTATIONS, MESH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology, Ubiquitination, Biology and Life Sciences, MESH: Inflammation/microbiology, MESH: Male, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, MESH: Cell Line, HEK293 Cells, Citrobacter rodentium, MESH: Ubiquitination, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Mutations in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 12 (NLRP12) cause recurrent episodes of serosal inflammation. Here we show that NLRP12 efficiently sequesters HSP90 and promotes K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of NOD2 in response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP). This interaction is mediated by the linker-region proximal to the nucleotide-binding domain of NLRP12. Consequently, the disease-causing NLRP12 R284X mutation fails to repress MDP-induced NF-κB and subsequent activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. While NLRP12 deficiency renders septic mice highly susceptible towards MDP, a sustained sensing of MDP through NOD2 is observed among monocytes lacking NLRP12. This loss of tolerance in monocytes results in greater colonization resistance towards Citrobacter rodentium. Our data show that this is a consequence of NOD2-dependent accumulation of inflammatory mononuclear cells that correlates with induction of interferon-stimulated genes. Our study unveils a relevant process of tolerance towards the gut microbiota that is exploited by an attaching/effacing enteric pathogen., Mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 12 (NLRP12) are known to effect inflammatory processes. Here the authors show that NLRP12-mediated proteasomal degradation of NOD2 in monocytes promotes bacterial tolerance and colonisation in a model of enteric infection.
Published: 2018

10. Breath holding and tidal breathing nasal NO to screen children for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Author: Aline Tamalet, Estelle Escudier, Nicole Beydon, Guillaume Thouvenin, Marie Legendre, Service de physiologie, unité fonctionnelle d’explorations respiratoires [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau]
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Nitric Oxide, Gastroenterology, Bronchiectasis & Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Tidal breathing, medicine, Humans, In patient, Child, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Retrospective Studies, Alternative methods, business.industry, Kartagener Syndrome, Exhalation, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical Practice, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, 030228 respiratory system, Breath Tests, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Nitric Oxide (NO), business
Abstract: International audience; Nasal Nitric Oxide (nNO) measurement is recommended to screen for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) in subjects with suggestive history and symptoms. Clinical use of alternative methods (ie breath hold (BH), tidal breathing (TB)) in children unable to perform the gold standard slow Exhalation against a Resistance (ER) method has not been sufficiently evaluated. We extracted retrospectively (2013-2019) 454 files (374 subjects) containing nNO results. Median [IQR] age at inclusion was 7.0 [4.7 - 11.0] years, 105 (28.1%) children were younger than 5 years. ER or BH methods were more frequently mastered by children older than 5 years compared to younger children (69.4% and 52.7% versus 21% and 5.6%, respectively, P < 0.0001), the latter succeeding only in TB measurement in 77.4% of cases. In 130 files with both ER and BH measurements (nNO-ER and nNO-BH), nNO-BH was 102 [96.2;108.3]% that of nNO-ER. In 175 files including nNO-ER and nNO-TB measurements, nNO-TB was 64.4 [IQR: 53.7;80.4]% that of nNO-ER with an excellent correlation between nNO values (r = 0.94 [95%CI 0.91;0.95]; P
Published: 2021

11. Central nervous system candidiasis beyond neonates: Lessons from a nationwide study

Author: Berengere Gruson, Taieb Chouaki, Xavier Cazals, Olivier Lortholary, Claire Rivoisy, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Fanny Lanternier, Louis Bernard, Fabrice Chrétien, Grégory Jouvion, Agnès Lefort, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Hélène Chaussade, Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de neuroradiologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie [Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), CHU Amiens-Picardie, French Mycosis Study Group: The following investigators participated in data collection: Florence Ader, and Florence Persat (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Lyon), Marlène Amara and Noémie Degunzburg (Centre Hospitalier, Versailles), Eric Bailly (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Tours), Julie Bonhomme (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Caen), Nathalie Bourgeois, Anne-Sophie Brunel, and Laurence Lachaud (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Montpellier), Damier Bouhour (Centre Hospitalier, Bourg en Bresse), Laure Chaput and Frédéric Pene (Hôpital Cochin, Paris), Emmanuel Chatelus, Aurélien Guffroy, and Valérie Letscher-Bru (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Strasbourg), Arnaud Fekkar (Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris), Eglantine Haustraetee and Renaud Verdon (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Caen) Christophe Hennequin and Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand (Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris), Benoît Henry, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, and Véronique Morel (Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris), Julien Jaubert, Julie Mathieu-Streit, andML Xelot (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint Denis de la Réunion), Yoann Zerbib (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Amiens)., Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Paris (UP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Gastroenterology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, central nervous system fungal infections, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Endocarditis, hematologic neoplasms, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Child, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Candida, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, 030306 microbiology, Lumbar puncture, business.industry, Candidiasis, inherited CARD9 deficiency, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Disseminated Candidiasis, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Infective endocarditis, Epidemiological Monitoring, endocarditis, Female, France, business, Meningitis
Abstract: Though candidiasis is the most frequent invasive fungal infection, Candida spp. central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare but severe. To further describe clinico-patho-radiological presentations of this entity, we report a retrospective study from January 2005 to December 2018 including patients aged ≥ 28 days with proven or probable CNS candidiasis in France. Twenty-four patients were included. Seventeen patients (70%) had CNS localization secondary to disseminated candidiasis (10 with hematologic malignancies [HM]; the seven other patients had infective endocarditis [IE]). Among patients with HM, seven previously had lumbar puncture for intrathecal chemotherapy, the three others had IE. Among patients with disseminated infection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidenced meningitis (17%), micro-abscesses (58%), or vascular complications (67%). Seven patients (30%) had isolated CNS involvement related to neurosurgery (n = 2), CARD9 deficiency (n = 2), intravenous drug use, diabetes mellitus, or no identified predisposing condition (n = 1 each). All evaluated patients with isolated CNS involvement had meningitis on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intracranial hypertension. For the latter patients, MRI evidenced meningitis (71%) or abscesses (57%). Among all patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture grew Candida spp. in 31% of cases. CSF βDGlucan or mannan Ag were positive in respectively 86% and 80% of cases. Mortality attributed to CNS candidiasis was 42%: 53% in case of disseminated infection (70% for HM) and 14% in case of localized infection. CNS candidiasis are isolated or occur during disseminated infection in patients with HM and lumbar puncture for intrathecal chemotherapy or during IE. Clinical, radiological finding and outcome highly vary according to CNS localized versus disseminated candidiasis. Lay Summary Candida is a yeast and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Candida central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare, severe, and poorly described. We report a retrospective study from January 2005 to December 2018 including patients aged ≥ 28 days with proven or probable CNS candidiasis in France. Twenty-four patients were included (14 men, median age 51 years). Seventeen patients had CNS localization secondary to disseminated candidiasis from blood to CNS (10 with hematologic malignancies [HM], the seven other patients had infective endocarditis [IE]). Seven patients had isolated CNS involvement related to neurosurgery (n = 2), CARD9 deficiency (n = 2), intravenous drug use (n = 1), diabetes mellitus (n = 1), or no identified risk factor (n = 1). During Candida CNS infections, brain lesions were meningitis abscesses or vascular complications. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture grew Candida spp. in 31% of cases. Forty-two percent of patients died from infection: 53% in case of disseminated infection (70% for HM) and 14% in case of localized infection.
Published: 2021

12. RaDiCo, the French national research program on rare disease cohorts

Author: Serge, Amselem, Sonia, Gueguen, Jérôme, Weinbach, Annick, Clement, Paul, Landais, Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Rare Disease European Joint Program, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, e-Cohorts, Interoperability, Rare diseases, Europe, European Reference Networks, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Humans, Cloud computing, Mutualized platform, Infrastructure-as-a service, France, GDPR, Health Data Hub
Abstract: International audience; Background: Rare diseases (RDs) affect nearly 3 million people in France and at least 26-30 million people in Europe. These diseases, which represent a major medical concern, are mainly of genetic origin, often chronic, progressive, degenerative, life threatening and disabling, accounting for more than one third of all deaths occurring during infancy. In this context, there are needs for coordinated information on RDs at national/international levels, based on high quality, interoperable and sharable data. The main objective of the RaDiCo (Rare Disease Cohorts) program, coordinated by Inserm, was the development of RD e-cohorts via a national platform. The cohort projects were selected through a national call in 2014. The e-cohorts are supported by an interoperable platform, equivalent to an infrastructure, constructed on the "cloud computing" principle and in compliance with the European General Data Protection Regulation. It is dedicated to allow a continuous monitoring of data quality and consistency, in line with the French Health Data Hub. Results: Depending on cohorts, the objectives are to describe the natural history of the studied RD(s), identify the underlying disease genes, establish phenotype-genotype correlations, decipher their pathophysiology, assess their societal and medico-economic impact, and/or identify patients eligible for new therapeutic approaches. Inclusion of prevalent and incident cases started at the end of 2016. As of April 2021, 5558 patients have been included within 13 RD e-cohorts covering 67 diseases integrated in 10 European Reference Networks and contributing to the European Joint Program on RDs. Several original results have been obtained in relation with the secondary objectives of the RaDiCo cohorts. They deal with discovery of new disease genes, assessment of treatment management, deciphering the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, genotype-phenotype relationships, development and validation of questionnaires relative to disease burden, or methodological aspects. Conclusion: RaDiCo currently hosts 13 RD e-cohorts on a sharable and interoperable platform constructed on the "cloud computing" principle. New RD e-cohorts at the European and international levels are targeted.
Published: 2021

13. Low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome: Prevalence, clinical features, and comorbidities

Author: Bertrand Condat, Yves Chrétien, Magalie Picon-Coste, Olivier Chazouillères, David Zanditenas, Lionel Arrivé, Chantal Housset, Pascal Potier, Karima Ben Belkacem, Farid Gaouar, Catherine Dong, Marie-Pierre Hauuy, Raoul Poupon, Anware Maftouh, Véronique Barbu, Christophe Corpechot, Béatrice Noblinski, HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares - Maladies Inflammatoires des Voies Biliaires et Service d’Hépatologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Radiologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Hôpital Saint Camille, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, FDR, false discovery rate, medicine.medical_treatment, CBD, common bile duct, UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cholestasis, Pregnancy, Internal Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, LPAC, Young adult, Family history, lcsh:RC799-869, ICP, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, 030304 developmental biology, Cancer, 0303 health sciences, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Hepatology, medicine.diagnostic_test, LPAC, low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis, business.industry, GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase, Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Gallstones, ABCB4, medicine.disease, Metabolic syndrome, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, 3. Good health, Cholecystitis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Cholecystectomy, lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, ABCB4, ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4, business, Research Article, ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Abstract: Background & Aims Low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome, a rare genetic form of intrahepatic cholelithiasis in adults, is still poorly understood. We report the results of the largest-ever case-control study of patients with LPAC syndrome aiming to assess the prevalence, clinical features, and comorbidities of the disease. Methods We included all LPAC cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2016 in 11 French centres. Controls consisted of all patients who underwent a cholecystectomy for common gallstone disease in a single non-academic centre over 1 year. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the clinical features associated with LPAC syndrome across several patient strata with increasing levels of diagnostic confidence. The ratio between the incident cases of LPAC syndrome and the total number of cholecystectomies for gallstones was used to assess the relative prevalence of the disease. Results In this study, 308 cases and 206 controls were included. LPAC syndrome accounted for 0.5–1.9% of all patients admitted with symptomatic gallstone disease. Age at first symptoms, Graphical abstract, Highlights • Low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome affects approximately 1% of adults with symptomatic cholelithiasis. • Normal weight, common bile duct stones, and lack of cholecystitis are clinical features significantly associated with this syndrome. • ABCB4 variants in patients with LPAC may be associated with an increased personal or family risk of hepato-biliary cancer.
Published: 2021

14. Short and long-term evaluation of the impact of proton minibeam radiation therapy on motor, emotional and cognitive functions

Author: Charlotte Lamirault, Dalila Labiod, Rémi Dendale, Catherine Nauraye, David Hardy, Nicole El Massioui, Marine Le Dudal, Frederic Pouzoulet, Yolanda Prezado, Annalisa Patriarca, Grégory Jouvion, Marjorie Juchaux, Valérie Doyère, Plateforme de Radiothérapie Expérimentale, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut Curie [Paris], Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie [Paris], Centre de prothonthérapie d'Orsay Institut Curie, Neuropathologie expérimentale / Experimental neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité d'Embryologie, Histologie et Anatomie Pathologique, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Signalisation, radiobiologie et cancer, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was performed with financial support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Grant number ANR-2017-ERC2-0010-001) and SIRIC 2018-2022: INCa-DGOS-Inserm_12554. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 817908)., ANR-17-ERC2-0010,PROTONMBRT,Fractionnement spatial de la dose en proton thérapie: une nouvelle approche thérapeutique(2017), European Project: 817908,H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC),PROTONMBRT(2019), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, Organs at Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Emotions, Motor Activity, Impulsivity, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Memory, Radioresistance, Internal medicine, Proton Therapy, Medicine, Animals, Proton therapy, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, business.industry, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Brain, Translational research, 3. Good health, Motor coordination, Term (time), Rats, Radiation therapy, 030104 developmental biology, Preclinical research, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most frequently used methods for cancer treatment. Despite remarkable advancements in RT techniquesthe treatment of radioresistant tumours (i.e. high-grade gliomas) is not yet satisfactory. Finding novel approaches less damaging for normal tissues is of utmost importance. This would make it possible to increase the dose applied to tumours, resulting in an improvement in the cure rate. Along this line, proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel strategy that allows the spatial modulation of the dose, leading to minimal damage to brain structures compared to a high dose (25 Gy in one fraction) of standard proton therapy (PT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether pMBRT also preserves important cerebral functions. Comprehensive longitudinal behavioural studies were performed in irradiated (peak dose of 57 Gy in one fraction) and control rats to evaluate the impact of pMBRT on motor function (motor coordination, muscular tonus, and locomotor activity), emotional function (anxiety, fear, motivation, and impulsivity), and cognitive function (learning, memory, temporal processing, and decision making). The evaluations, which were conducted over a period of 10 months, showed no significant motor or emotional dysfunction in pMBRT-irradiated rats compared with control animals. Concerning cognitive functions, similar performance was observed between the groups, although some slight learning delays might be present in some of the tests in the long term after irradiation. This study shows the minimal impact of pMBRT on the normal brain at the functional level.
Published: 2020

15. Mutations in COPA lead to abnormal trafficking of STING to the Golgi and interferon signaling

Author: Nicolas Manel, Siham Boulisfane-El Khalifi, Mary Brennan, Darragh Duffy, Nadia Nathan, Serge Amselem, Kathryn J. McKenzie, Maria José Martin-Niclos, Jonny Hertzog, Carolina Uggenti, Marie Legendre, Stéphanie Chhun, Caroline Thumerelle, Luis Seabra, Marie-Louise Frémond, Vincent Bondet, Bénédicte Neven, Joseph A. Marsh, Marie Wislez, Catherine McDougall, Marine Depp, Jan Rehwinkel, Gillian I. Rice, Aurore Coulomb L'Hermine, Yanick J. Crow, Lucienne Chatenoud, Melvin Le Bihan, Thierry Jo Molina, Karen J. Mackenzie, Alice Lepelley, Edwin Carter, Jonathan Marey, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Immunité et cancer (U932), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie [Paris], MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine [Edinburgh] (IGMM), University of Edinburgh-Medical Research Council, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester [Manchester], Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Royal Hospital for Sick Children [Edinburgh], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Service de pathologie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de pneumologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Département de Pathologie [CHU Necker], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), M.-L. Frémond received a grant from the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (000427993) and acknowledges La Fondation Square. Y.J. Crow acknowledges the European Research Council (GA309449 and 786142-E-T1IFNs), and a state subsidy managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01). Y.J. Crow and D. Duffy acknowledge the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant CE17001002). J.A. Marsh is supported by a Medical Research Council Career Development Award (MR/M02122X/1) and is a Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine Research Prize Fellow. N. Manel was supported by LABEX DCBIOL (ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043), ANR-17-CE15-0025-01, ANR-18-CE92-0022-01, Fondation BMS, Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ECTZ71745), Sidaction (VIH2016126002), and Ile-de-France Emergence. M. Le Bihan received a doctoral fellowship from Ile-de-France ARDoc. The project was supported by MSDAVENIR (Devo-Decode Project)., We thank Immunoqure AG for provision of antibodies for the Simoa assay., ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), ANR-17-CE15-0025,STINGCHECK,Mécanismes des points de contrôle du senseur de l'immunité innée STING(2017), ANR-18-CE92-0022,cGAS-Vac,Analyses fonctionnelles de la voie cGAS/STING au cours d'infections bactériennes et infections virales et implications pour le développement de vaccins innovants(2018), European Project: 309449,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111109,T1-IFN(2013), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Oxford, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Vougny, Marie-Christine, Instituts Hospitalo-Universitaires - Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine - - Imagine2010 - ANR-10-IAHU-0001 - IAHU - VALID, Initiative d'excellence - Paris Sciences et Lettres - - PSL2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Mécanismes des points de contrôle du senseur de l'immunité innée STING - - STINGCHECK2017 - ANR-17-CE15-0025 - AAPG2017 - VALID, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Analyses fonctionnelles de la voie cGAS/STING au cours d'infections bactériennes et infections virales et implications pour le développement de vaccins innovants - - cGAS-Vac2018 - ANR-18-CE92-0022 - AAPG2018 - VALID, and Definition and characterization of type I interferonopathies - T1-IFN - - EC:FP7:ERC2013-03-01 - 2018-02-28 - 309449 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Protein subunit, Immunology, Mutant, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Gene silencing, Mutation, HEK 293 cells, Golgi apparatus, eye diseases, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Sting, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, symbols, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Heterozygous missense mutations in coatomer protein subunit α, COPA, cause a syndrome overlapping clinically with type I IFN-mediated disease due to gain-of-function in STING, a key adaptor of IFN signaling. Recently, increased levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were described in COPA syndrome. However, the link between COPA mutations and IFN signaling is unknown. We observed elevated levels of ISGs and IFN-α in blood of symptomatic COPA patients. In vitro, both overexpression of mutant COPA and silencing of COPA induced STING-dependent IFN signaling. We detected an interaction between COPA and STING, and mutant COPA was associated with an accumulation of ER-resident STING at the Golgi. Given the known role of the coatomer protein complex I, we speculate that loss of COPA function leads to enhanced type I IFN signaling due to a failure of Golgi-to-ER STING retrieval. These data highlight the importance of the ER-Golgi axis in the control of autoinflammation and inform therapeutic strategies in COPA syndrome.
Published: 2020

16. The Wide Spectrum of COVID-19 Clinical Presentation in Children

Author: Julien Jegard, Aurélie Schnuriger, Guillaume Aubertin, Chiara Sileo, Thibault Lecarpentier, Harriet Corvol, Guillaume Thouvenin, Nicolas Richard, Jessica Taytard, Nadia Nathan, Blandine Prevost, Laura Berdah, Isabelle Guellec, Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), Mucoviscidose: physiopathologie et phénogénomique [CRSA], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal pain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), MIS-C, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, children, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, infants, lcsh:R, COVID-19, General Medicine, acute respiratory distress syndrome, medicine.disease, Obesity, Acute chest syndrome, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cohort, Presentation (obstetrics), medicine.symptom, business, PIMS-TS
Abstract: Background: Ten months after its appearance in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 25 million patients worldwide. Because children were first identified as potential spreaders of the virus, schools were closed in several countries. However, it rapidly became evident that the number of hospitalized children infected by SARS-CoV-2 was dramatically lower than that of adults. To date, only hypotheses have been raised to explain this difference, so it is of great importance to describe the presentation of this disease among children. Here, we describe a wide spectrum of COVID-19 manifestation in children in a dedicated pediatric unit in France. Methods: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who were diagnosed on the basis of either positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs and/or typical aspects in chest-computed tomography (CT) were included between March and May 2020 in Paris. Results: Twenty-three patients were included on the basis of positive RT-PCR (n = 20) and/or typical aspects in CT (n = 4). The median age was 4.9 years [0.1&ndash, 17.6]. Patients were grouped by age (&lt, 2 years old: n = 14, 61%, 2&ndash, 10 years old: n = 2, 9%, &gt, 10 years old: n = 7, 30%). Overweight or obesity was reported in only three patients. At presentation, the most frequent symptom in the overall cohort was fever (n = 18, 78%), followed by acute rhinitis (n = 9, 64%) and cough (n = 7, 50%) in the under 2-year-old group and cough (n = 4, 57%), fatigue, dyspnea and abdominal pain (n = 3, 43% each) in the over 10-year-old group. Five patients required ICU treatment, four of whom were aged &gt, 10 years, two presented with acute myocarditis, and two were sickle cell disease patients who presented with acute chest syndrome. Discussion and conclusion: The youngest patients seem to present milder forms of COVID-19 without the need for ICU treatment and with a shorter length of hospitalization. More severe evolutions were observed in teenagers, with, however, favorable outcomes. Given the context of closed schools and confinement, the infection of these children suggests intra-familial transmission that needs to be further assessed. This description might help to understand the intriguing differences in COVID-19 severity across age-classes.
Published: 2020

17. LACC1 deficiency links juvenile arthritis with autophagy and metabolism in macrophages

Author: Gaëlle Quiniou, Agnès Duquesne, Michelle Ainouze, Samir Merabet, Mathias Faure, Sébastien Viel, Flora Magnotti, Jonathan Reboulet, Yanick J. Crow, Cécile Dumaine, Jean-Paul Larbre, Thomas Henry, Thierry Walzer, Gillian I. Rice, Tilmann Kallinich, Rémi Pescarmona, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Guillaume Sarrabay, Marion Moreews, Eda Tahir Turanli, Ommar Omarjee, Yvan Jamilloux, Isabelle Melki, Christophe Malcus, Alexandre Belot, Françoise Bleicher, Mathieu Gerfaud-Valentin, Anne-Laure Mathieu, Cécile Frachette, CNRS, UMR5242, Inst Genom Fonctionnelle Lyon,Ecole Normale Super, Université de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de référence des rhumatismes inflammatoires et maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares de l’enfant / National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children [Lyon] (RAISE), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et des Amyloses [CHU Tenon] (CeréMAIA), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Interne [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), University of Manchester [Manchester], Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratory of neurogenetics and neuroinflammation (Equipe Inserm U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Edinburgh, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Groupe de recherche clinique Amylose AA Sorbonne Université (GRC 28 - GRAASU), Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Médecine Interne = Hôpital de jour de médecine [CHU Tenon], Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), and HAL-SU, Gestionnaire
Subjects: Male, Proteomics, Inflammasomes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Innate immunity and inflammation, Arthritis, Autophagy-Related Proteins, Apoptosis, Bioinformatics, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Monocytes, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, Loss of Function Mutation, Lipid droplet, Immunology and Allergy, Macrophage, Medicine, Exome, Child, Medicine(all), [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, 0303 health sciences, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Homozygote, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, NF-kappa B, Inflammasome, Cell Differentiation, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Mitochondria, Pedigree, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, Signal Transduction, Adolescent, Immunology, MEDLINE, Inflammation, Biology, Receptors for Activated C Kinase, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Immune system, Text mining, Rheumatology, Autophagy, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Human disease genetics, 030304 developmental biology, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Bacteria, business.industry, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Macrophages, Adenylate Kinase, Lipid Droplets, medicine.disease, Arthritis, Juvenile, Metabolism, Interferons, business, Lysosomes
Abstract: Juvenile arthritis represents the most common rheumatic manifestation in children. LACC1 deficiency has been identified as a monogenic cause of juvenile arthritis. In this issue, Omarjee et al. demonstrate a new role of LACC1 in autophagy and metabolism in macrophages., Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children, and its etiology remains poorly understood. Here, we explored four families with early-onset arthritis carrying homozygous loss-of-expression mutations in LACC1. To understand the link between LACC1 and inflammation, we performed a functional study of LACC1 in human immune cells. We showed that LACC1 was primarily expressed in macrophages upon mTOR signaling. We found that LACC1 deficiency had no obvious impact on inflammasome activation, type I interferon response, or NF-κB regulation. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and biochemical assays, we showed that autophagy-inducing proteins, RACK1 and AMPK, interacted with LACC1. Autophagy blockade in macrophages was associated with LACC1 cleavage and degradation. Moreover, LACC1 deficiency reduced autophagy flux in primary macrophages. This was associated with a defect in the accumulation of lipid droplets and mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that LACC1-dependent autophagy fuels macrophage bioenergetics metabolism. Altogether, LACC1 deficiency defines a novel form of genetically inherited juvenile arthritis associated with impaired autophagy in macrophages.
Published: 2020

18. Association of Maternal First Trimester Serum Levels of Free Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Hypospadias: A Population Based Study

Author: Myriam Rachid, Aliénor de Chalus, Liza Ali, Sophie Dreux, Matthieu Peycelon, Léa Carlier, Alaa El Ghoneimi, Christine Grapin, Nathalie Lelong, Adeline Bonnard, Alexandra Benachi, Georges Audry, Jean-Pierre Siffroi, Françoise Muller, M. Francesca Monn, Marie Legendre, Annabel Paye-Jaouen, Babak Khoshnood, Alexandra Lecourbe, Muriel Houang, Service de Chirurgie Viscerale et Urologie Pediatriques, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (CRMERC), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Riley Children's Hospital at Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Equipe 1 : EPOPé - Épidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (CRESS - U1153), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Service de biochimie-hormonologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université de Paris (UP), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction [AP-HP Hôpital Antoine Béclère], AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) Sante Publique France (Saint-Maurice, France)
Subjects: Adult, Male, endocrine system, placenta, Urology, beta subunit, 030232 urology & nephrology, Physiology, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Placenta, medicine, Humans, Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human, chorionic gonadotropin, human, hypospadias, reproductive and urinary physiology, Beta human chorionic gonadotropin, Testosterone, Retrospective Studies, Pregnancy, Fetus, biology, urogenital system, business.industry, Incidence, Infant, Newborn, androgens, Prognosis, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Pregnancy Trimester, First, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypospadias, embryonic structures, biology.protein, Female, France, pregnancy, business, Biomarkers, ATP synthase alpha/beta subunits, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Purpose:Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates fetal testosterone production and contributes to normal development of male genitalia. Using population based data we hypothesized that differences in maternal free beta human chorionic gonadotropin may be associated with hypospadias.Materials and Methods:Data were obtained from the Paris Registry of Congenital Malformations (REMAPAR) (2011 to 2016). The initial study population included 3,172 pregnant women who gave birth to a singleton live born male infant with a congenital malformation. After exclusion of cases with unknown beta human chorionic gonadotropin and those with chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, the study population included 194 boys with isolated hypospadias and 1,075 controls. For cases with operative notes (125) we obtained data on type (proximal/distal) of hypospadias. Using quantile regression we compared median values of multiple of median beta human chorionic gonadotropin measured for first trimester Down syndrome screening (10th to 13th gestational weeks) for overall as well as by type of hypospadias vs controls. We also considered possible effects of placental dysfunction (maternal age, intrauterine growth retardation and preterm births) as potential confounding factors.Results:Overall the median beta human chorionic gonadotropin multiple of median was comparable for women who had an infant with hypospadias vs controls (0.99 vs 0.95, p=0.3). However, proximal hypospadias was associated with a statistically significant higher median multiple of median than distal hypospadias or unspecified (1.49 vs 0.92 vs 1.05, p=0.02). The estimates were comparable after adjustment for placental dysfunction.Conclusions:Our findings support the hypothesis that an alteration in maternal beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels is associated with hypospadias. However, this association appears to be limited to proximal hypospadias.
Published: 2020

19. A 14q distal chromoanagenesis elucidated by whole genome sequencing

Author: Flavie Diguet, Pierre-Antoine Rollat-Farnier, Alexandra Afenjar, Sandra Chantot Bastaraud, Marie-France Portnoï, Damien Sanlaville, Solveig Heide, Caroline Schluth-Bolard, Pauline Marzin, Jean-Pierre Siffroi, Flavie Ader, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microcephaly, Developmental Disabilities, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chromosome Disorders, Biology, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14, Whole genome sequencing, 0303 health sciences, Coloboma, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genome, Human, 030305 genetics & heredity, Breakpoint, Infant, Chromosome, Karyotype, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Hypotonia, Phenotype, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Chromoanagenesis represents an extreme form of genomic rearrangements involving multiple breaks occurring on a single or multiple chromosomes. It has been recently described in both acquired and rare constitutional genetic disorders. Constitutional chromoanagenesis events could lead to abnormal phenotypes including developmental delay and congenital anomalies, and have also been implicated in some specific syndromic disorders. We report the case of a girl presenting with growth retardation, hypotonia, microcephaly, dysmorphic features, coloboma, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. Karyotype showed a de novo structurally abnormal chromosome 14q31qter region. Molecular characterization using SNP-array revealed a complex unbalanced rearrangement in 14q31.1-q32.2, on the paternal chromosome 14, including thirteen interstitial deletions ranging from 33 kb to 1.56 Mb in size, with a total of 4.1 Mb in size, thus suggesting that a single event like chromoanagenesis occurred. To our knowledge, this is one of the first case of 14q distal deletion due to a germline chromoanagenesis. Genome sequencing allowed the characterization of 50 breakpoints, leading to interruption of 10 genes including YY1 which fit with the patient's phenotype. This precise genotyping of breaking junction allowed better definition of genotype-phenotype correlations.
Published: 2020

20. Identifying and Avoiding tcDNA-ASO Sequence-Specific Toxicity for the Development of DMD Exon 51 Skipping Therapy

Author: Philippine, Aupy, Lucía, Echevarría, Karima, Relizani, Faouzi, Zarrouki, Adrian, Haeberli, Marek, Komisarski, Thomas, Tensorer, Grégory, Jouvion, Fedor, Svinartchouk, Luis, Garcia, Aurélie, Goyenvalle, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Handicap neuromusculaire : Physiopathologie, Biothérapie et Pharmacologies appliquées (END-ICAP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Saclay, SYNTHENA AG, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neuropathologie expérimentale / Experimental neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP), and Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933)
Subjects: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, splice switching, sequence-specific toxicity, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, preclinical, tcDNA-ASOs, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, antisense oligonucleotides, Article
Abstract: International audience; Tricyclo-DNA (tcDNA) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) hold promise for therapeutic splice-switching applications and the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in particular. We have previously reported the therapeutic potential of tcDNA-ASO in mouse models of DMD, highlighting their unique pharmaceutical properties and unprecedented uptake in many tissues after systemic delivery, including the heart and central nervous system. Following these encouraging results, we developed phosphorothioate (PS)-modified tcDNA-ASOs targeting the human dystrophin exon 51 (H51). Preliminary evaluation of H51 PS-tcDNA in mice resulted in unexpected acute toxicity following intravenous administration of the selected candidate. In vivo and in vitro assays revealed complement activation, prolonged coagulation times, and platelet activation, correlating with the observed toxicity. In this study, we identify a novel PS-tcDNA sequence-specific toxicity induced by the formation of homodimer-like structures and investigate the therapeutic potential of a detoxified PS-tcDNA targeting exon 51. Modification of the H51-PS-tcDNA sequence, while maintaining target specificity through wobble pairing, abolished the observed toxicity by preventing homodimer formation. The resulting detoxified wobble-tcDNA candidate did not affect coagulation or complement pathways any longer nor activated platelets in vitro and was well tolerated in vivo in mice, confirming the possibility to detoxify specific tcDNA-ASO candidates successfully.
Published: 2020

21. Slug, a Cancer‐Related Transcription Factor, is Involved in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Transdifferentiation Induced by Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor‐BB During Atherosclerosis

Author: Ledard, Nahema, Liboz, Alexandrine, Blondeau, Bertrand, Babiak, Mégane, Moulin, Célia, Vallin, Benjamin, Guillas, Isabelle, Mateo, Véronique, Jumeau, Claire, Blirando, Karl, Meilhac, Olivier, Limon, Isabelle, Glorian, Martine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement = Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Diabète athérothrombose et thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien (CYROI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), and Dieu-Nosjean, Marie-Caroline
Subjects: animal structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Becaplermin, Dinoprostone, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Vascular Disease, La R eunion (O.M.), Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, atherogenesis inflammation vascular smooth muscle --CYROI, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Cells, Cultured, Original Research, Sainte Clotilde, Myosin Heavy Chains, Cardio‐Oncology Spotlight, fungi, atherogenesis, Atherosclerosis, Rats, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], inflammation, vascular smooth muscle, Cell Transdifferentiation, embryonic structures, Snail Family Transcription Factors, vascular smooth muscle --CYROI, Signal Transduction
Abstract: International audience; Background Heart attacks and stroke often result from occlusive thrombi following the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in plaque vulnerability because of their switch towards a proinflammatory/macrophage-like phenotype when in the context of atherosclerosis. The prometastatic transcription factor Slug/Snail2 is a critical regulator of cell phenotypic transition. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of Slug in the transdifferentiation process of VSMCs occurring during atherogenesis. Methods and Results In rat and human primary aortic smooth muscle cells, Slug protein expression is strongly and rapidly increased by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). PDGF-BB increases Slug protein without affecting mRNA levels indicating that this growth factor stabilizes Slug protein. Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation experiments reveal that PDGF-BB triggers a rapid accumulation of Slug in VSMC nuclei. Using pharmacological tools, we show that the PDGF-BB-dependent mechanism of Slug stabilization in VSMCs involves the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Immunohistochemistry experiments on type V and type VI atherosclerotic lesions of human carotids show smooth muscle-specific myosin heavy chain-/Slug-positive cells surrounding the prothrombotic lipid core. In VSMCs, Slug siRNAs inhibit prostaglandin E2 secretion and prevent the inhibition of cholesterol efflux gene expression mediated by PDGF-BB, known to be involved in plaque vulnerability and/or thrombogenicity. Conclusions Our results highlight, for the first time, a role of Slug in aortic smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation and enable us to consider Slug as an actor playing a role in the atherosclerotic plaque progression towards a life-threatening phenotype. This also argues for common features between acute cardiovascular events and cancer.
Published: 2020

22. Epidemiology and Infection COVID-19: relationship between atmospheric temperature and daily new cases growth rate

Author: Rouen, A., ADDA, J., Roy, O., Rogers, E., Lévy, P., Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Service de Santé Publique [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, seasonality, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, COVID-19, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Atmospheric temperature
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)) first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and rapidly spread across the globe. Since most respiratory viruses are known to show a seasonal pattern of infection, it has been hypothesised that SARS-CoV-2 may be seasonally dependent as well. The present study looks at a possible effect of atmospheric temperature, which is one of the suspected factors influencing seasonality, on the evolution of the pandemic.Basic procedures: Since confirming a seasonal pattern would take several more months of observation, we conducted an innovative day-to-day micro-correlation analysis of nine outbreak locations, across four continents and both hemispheres, in order to examine a possible relationship between atmospheric temperature (used as a proxy for seasonality) and outbreak progression. Main findings: There was a negative correlation between atmospheric temperature variations and daily new cases growth rates, in all nine outbreaks, with a median lag of 10 days.Principal conclusions: The results presented here suggest that high temperatures might dampen SARS-CoV-2 propagation, while lower temperatures might increase its transmission. Our hypothesis is that this could support a potential effect of atmospheric temperature on coronavirus disease progression, and potentially a seasonal pattern for this virus, with a peak in the cold season and rarer occurrences in the summer. This could guide government policy in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres for the months to come.
Published: 2020

23. Genetic Pathways Implicated in Male Genitalia Differentiation

Author: Peycelon, Matthieu, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université, Jean-Pierre Siffroi, STAR, ABES, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Hypospadias, Disorders of sex development, Whole exome sequencing, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Androgen receptors, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Anomalies du développement génital, Séquençage génome entier, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Steroidogenic factor 1, Récepteurs aux androgènes, Hormone chorionique gonadotrophique
Abstract: Background. Hypospadias is the most common malformation affecting the male genitalia. Although the causes remain often unknown, endocrine, vascular and environmental factors have been implicated. However, the genetic basis is probably underestimated. Objectives. To study the genetic factors implicated in sexual differentiation. Methods. A cohort of 284 children born with hypospadias has been established since 2011. DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts obtained after a foreskin biopsy. Sanger sequencing of AR, MAMLD1 and NR5A1, SNP-array analysis, and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) were performed. A second cohort of 1,311 pregnant women was established to evaluate an association between maternal fhCGb and hypospadias. Results. No mutation in AR and MAMLD1 was found. Non-described variations of AR, MAMLD1 and NR5A1 were identified without any splicing activity. Some polymorphisms in AR gene had a MAF significantly higher (p, Introduction. L’étiopathogénie de l’hypospadias reste largement discutée, faisant intervenir des facteurs endocriniens, génétiques, vasculaires et environnementaux. Objectifs. Étudier les mécanismes génétiques impliquées dans la différenciation sexuelle masculine. Matériels et méthodes. Une cohorte de 284 patients a été établie depuis 2011 pour séquençage de l’ADN lymphocytaire, préputial et urothélial de trois gènes candidats (NR5A1, MAMLD1, AR). Une analyse pangénomique (puce à ADN et Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)) a été réalisée. Le registre REMAPAR a été utilisé pour analyser l’association entre hormone chorionique gonadotrophique (hCGb) maternelle et hypospadias. Résultats. Des polymorphismes dans AR ont une fréquence allélique significativement plus élevée (p
Published: 2019

24. Whole exome sequencing in three families segregating a pediatric case of sarcoidosis

Author: Annick Clement, Yves Pacheco, Jean-François Bernaudin, Gilles Devouassoux, Adrien Buisson, Clarice X. Lim, Dominique Valeyre, Vincent Cottin, Claire Bardel, Alain Calender, Serge Lebecque, Pascal Sève, Pierre Antoine Rollat Farnier, Stéphane Pinson, Harriet Corvol, Abderrazzaq Bentaher, Pascal Roy, Rola Abou Taam, Thomas Weichhart, Nadia Nathan, Véronique Houdouin, Service de Génétique [CHU Lyon] (Centre de pathologie de l'Est), Hospices civils de Lyon (HCL), Physiopathologie de l'immunodépression associée aux réponses inflammatoires systémiques - EA 7426 (PI3), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Service de Biostatistiques [Lyon], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte [CHU Necker] (MaMEA Necker), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pneumologie [Hôpital Croix Rousse, CHU Lyon], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU Lyon], Service de Pneumologie [Hôpital Louis Pradel – CHU Lyon] (Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares), CHU Lyon-Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Médecine Interne [Hôpital Croix Rousse, CHU Lyon], CHU Lyon-Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Service d'histologie et biologie des tumeurs [CHU Tenon] (ER2-UPMC), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics [Vienna, Austria], Institute of Medical Genetics [Vienna, Austria]-Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Hypoxie et Poumon : pneumopathologies fibrosantes, modulations ventilatoires et circulatoires (H&P), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-UFR SMBH, Communautés d’universités et établissements Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Chimie ParisTech-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Service de Pneumologie [AP-HP Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This study was performed with the grant named ‘High Throughput sequencing and rare disease’ from the 'Fondation Maladies Rares' (FMR - France) and financial support from the INNOVARC - DGOS ref. 12–027-0309., GSF (Groupe Sarcoïdose France), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Lyon, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna-Institute of Medical Genetics [Vienna, Austria], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), BMC, BMC, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP]
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Proband, Candidate gene, lcsh:Internal medicine, Sarcoidosis, lcsh:QH426-470, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome-wide association study, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Biology, Candidate genes, 03 medical and health sciences, Exome Sequencing, Genetics, Humans, Allele, Child, lcsh:RC31-1245, Gene, Exome, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Base Sequence, Genetic Variation, Whole-exome sequencing (WES), Human genetics, Pedigree, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Research Article
Abstract: Background Sarcoidosis (OMIM 181000) is a multi-systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown origin. Despite multiple genome-wide association (GWAS) studies, no major pathogenic pathways have been identified to date. To find out relevant sarcoidosis predisposing genes, we searched for de novo and recessive mutations in 3 young probands with sarcoidosis and their healthy parents using a whole-exome sequencing (WES) methodology. Methods From the SARCFAM project based on a national network collecting familial cases of sarcoidosis, we selected three families (trios) in which a child, despite healthy parents, develop the disease before age 15 yr. Each trio was genotyped by WES (Illumina HiSEQ 2500) and we selected the gene variants segregating as 1) new mutations only occurring in affected children and 2) as recessive traits transmitted from each parents. The identified coding variants were compared between the three families. Allelic frequencies and in silico functional results were analyzed using ExAC, SIFT and Polyphenv2 databases. The clinical and genetic studies were registered by the ClinicalTrials.gov - Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) (https://clinicaltrials.gov) receipt under the reference NCT02829853 and has been approved by the ethical committee (CPP LYON SUD EST – 2 – REF IRB 00009118 – September 21, 2016). Results We identified 37 genes sharing coding variants occurring either as recessive mutations in at least 2 trios or de novo mutations in one of the three affected children. The genes were classified according to their potential roles in immunity related pathways: 9 to autophagy and intracellular trafficking, 6 to G-proteins regulation, 4 to T-cell activation, 4 to cell cycle and immune synapse, 2 to innate immunity. Ten of the 37 genes were studied in a bibliographic way to evaluate the functional link with sarcoidosis. Conclusions Whole exome analysis of case-parent trios is useful for the identification of genes predisposing to complex genetic diseases as sarcoidosis. Our data identified 37 genes that could be putatively linked to a pediatric form of sarcoidosis in three trios. Our in-depth focus on 10 of these 37 genes may suggest that the formation of the characteristic lesion in sarcoidosis, granuloma, results from combined deficits in autophagy and intracellular trafficking (ex: Sec16A, AP5B1 and RREB1), G-proteins regulation (ex: OBSCN, CTTND2 and DNAH11), T-cell activation (ex: IDO2, IGSF3), mitosis and/or immune synapse (ex: SPICE1 and KNL1). The significance of these findings needs to be confirmed by functional tests on selected gene variants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0338-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

25. New data in causes of autoinflammatory diseases

Author: Guillaume Sarrabay, Véronique Hentgen, Caroline Galeotti, David Saadoun, Linda Rossi-Semerano, Sophie Georgin-Laviallec, Léa Savey, Isabelle Touitou, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et des Amyloses [CH Versailles] (CeRéMAIA - Hôpital André Mignot), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), CHU Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (Rheumatology Department), Department of Rheumatology, Departement Hospitalo- Universitaire - Inflammation, Immunopathologie, Biothérapie [Paris] (DHU - I2B), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Science Politique (UP1 UFR11), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (I3), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: NF, Autoimmunity, Behcet's disease, Disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Rheumatology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, TNFAIP3, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Otulin-related autoinflammatory syndrome, business.industry, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases, Ubiquitination, medicine.disease, Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Otulin deficiency, 3. Good health, HA20, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Immunology, Autoinflammation, Cytokines, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, Haploinsufficiency, business
Abstract: International audience; The spectrum of factors known to mediate autoinflammation has broadened recently to include not only interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon, but also abnormalities that impair NF-κB pathway negative regulation. The NF-κB pathway is activated upon contact of a ligand with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and plays a pivotal role in triggering the inflammatory process by producing major cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF. Negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway, which is essential to stop the inflammatory process, depends on the level of ubiquitination of the proteins associated with TNFR1 and of other intermediate compounds. A20 and otulin are proteins that influence the level of ubiquitination, and a deficiency in either can result in NF-κB activation with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Similar to Behçet's disease, A20 haploinsufficiency manifests as oral and genital ulcers and, more rarely, as uveitis. However, transmission is dominant, symptom onset occurs at a younger age, and severe gastrointestinal involvement is at the forefront of the clinical picture. Clinical presentations are extremely diverse. Over their lifetime, affected patients simultaneously or sequentially experience autoinflammatory and autoimmune manifestations. Mild immune deficiency predominantly affecting humoral responses is less common. Otulin deficiency results in systemic inflammatory manifestations at a very young age, with panniculitis, lipodystrophy, and inflammatory bowel disease. The main differential diagnosis is proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome. The treatment of A20 haploinsufficiency and otulin deficiency is challenging and remains unstandardized. The symptoms respond to high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. TNF antagonists and IL-1 antagonists have shown some measure of efficacy.
Published: 2019

26. Follow-Up and Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Review and Experience of Our Reference Centers

Author: Virginie Escabasse, Laurence Bassinet, Françoise Zerah-Lancner, Isabelle Honoré, Jean-François Papon, Marie Devars du Mayne, Bruno Crestani, Estelle Escudier, Emilie Bequignon, Laurence Dupuy, Marie Legendre, André Coste, Bernard Maitre, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), CHU Henri Mondor, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de physiologie, explorations fonctionnelles [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Pneumologie [CHI Créteil], CHI Créteil, Service de pneumologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires (PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis, Inflammation, Remodeling in cardiovascular, respiratory and renal diseases (Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Meatus, Chronic rhinosinusitis, lcsh:Medicine, primary ciliary dyskinesia, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Medicine, Sampling (medicine), 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Sinus (anatomy), Primary ciliary dyskinesia, business.industry, chronic rhinosinusitis, lcsh:R, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Work-up, 3. Good health, Surgery, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Sputum, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis is the foremost manifestation in adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). We present a retrospective series of 41 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PCD followed in our reference centers. As part of the diagnostic work up in our centers, sinus computed tomography scans (CTs) are systematically performed. All patients also undergo a sampling of purulent secretions sampled from the middle meatus under endoscopic view for bacteriological analysis. In our series, CT opacities were consistent in all the patients, as well as mainly partial and located in ethmoid cells (100% of patients) and in maxillary sinuses (85.4% of patients), and stayed stable over time. In the 31 patients who had purulent secretions, bacteriological culture showed at least one bacterium in 83.9% (n = 26). There was no significant difference in positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients &gt, 40 years old versus those &lt, 40 (p = 0.17, Fisher). Surgical management was performed in only 19% of patients in order to improve sinonasal mechanical drainage. Our data support the hypothesis that the sinuses can be considered as a bacterial reservoir. From this retrospective study, we have introduced several changes into our routine clinical practice in our reference centers. Based on our analyses, medical and surgical treatments benefit from incorporating bacteriological information and sinonasal symptoms much more than CT scan evaluation alone. All patients now undergo systematically an annual simultaneous bacteriological sampling of the middle meatus and sputum to follow the relationship between ENT and lung disease and to help to antibiotic therapy strategy.
Published: 2019

27. Contribution of functionally assessed GHRHR mutations to idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency in patients without GH1 mutations

Author: Merih Berberoğlu, Régis Coutant, Şenay Savaş Erdeve, Cécile Brachet, Caroline Thalassinos, Frédéric Brioude, Michel Polak, Erdal Kurnaz, Sabrina Belkacem, Claudine Heinrichs, Aude Soleyan, Zeynep Şıklar, Nathalie Collot, Philippe Chanson, Jean-Claude Carel, Zehra Aycan, Marie-Laure Sobrier, Serge Amselem, Géraldine Viot, Noureddine Kaffel, Stanislas Lyonnet, Philippe Duquesnoy, Eliane Khallouf, Marie Legendre, Enzo Cohen, Soumeya Fedala, Sophie Rose, Florence Dastot, Frédérique Gatelais, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Lamine Debaghine [Alger, Algérie] (HLD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bab El Oued [Alger, Algérie] (CHU Bab El Oued), UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Hôtel-Dieu de France (HDF), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre (CHU Paris Centre), Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola [Brussels, Belgium]. (HUERF), Complexe Médical Multidisciplinaire [Sfax, Tunisia] (C2M), Ankara University School of Medicine [Turkey], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Dupuis, Christine, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Service de Génétique [Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health, Children Research Hospital, Service de Génétique Médicale [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Children's University Hospital Queen Fabiola [Bruxelles, Belgium], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Receptors, Neuropeptide, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA Mutational Analysis, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, medicine.disease_cause, molecular epidemiology, MESH: Genotype, Exon, Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone, Cyclic AMP, IGHD, MESH: Human Growth Hormone, Missense mutation, MESH: DNA Mutational Analysis, Idiopathic Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency, Genetics (clinical), genotype‐phenotype correlation, MESH: Cyclic AMP, MESH: Genetic Association Studies, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Human Growth Hormone, MESH: Receptors, Neuropeptide, 030305 genetics & heredity, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Amino Acid Substitution, Pedigree, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], functional studies, Female, MESH: Mutation, Genotype, MESH: Pedigree, Genetic counseling, GHRHR, Biology, genotype-phenotype correlation, MESH: Dwarfism, Pituitary, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Amino Acid Sequence, Dwarfism, Pituitary, Gene, Alleles, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Molecular epidemiology, MESH: Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone, MESH: Alleles, MESH: Male, Amino Acid Substitution, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) is a rare condition mainly caused by mutations in GH1. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of GHRHR mutations to IGHD in an unusually large group of patients. All GHRHR coding exons and flanking intronic regions were sequenced in 312 unrelated patients with nonsyndromic IGHD. Functional consequences of all newly identified missense variants were assessed in vitro (i.e., study of the expression of recombinant GHRHRs and their ability to activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway). Genotype-phenotype correlation analyses were performed according to the nature of the identified mutation. We identified 20 different disease-causing GHRHR mutations (truncating and missense loss-of-function mutations), among which 15 are novel, in 24 unrelated patients. Of note, about half (13/24) of those patients represent sporadic cases. The clinical phenotype of patients with at least one missense GHRHR mutation was found to be indistinguishable from that of patients with bi-allelic truncating mutations. This study, which unveils disease-causing GHRHR mutations in 8% (24/312) of IGHD cases, identifies GHRHR as the second IGHD gene most frequently involved after GH1. The finding that 8% of IGHD cases without GH1 mutations are explained by GHRHR molecular defects (including missense mutations), together with the high proportion of sporadic cases among those patients, has important implications for genetic counseling.
Published: 2019

28. Autoinflammation secondaire à des défauts d’ubiquitination dans la voie NFKB : haploinsuffisance de A20 (HA20) et déficit en Otuline (Otulinopénie)

Author: Isabelle Koné-Paut, Véronique Hentgen, Caroline Galeotti, Linda Rossi-Semerano, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, David Saadoun, Léa Savey, Guillaume Sarrabay, Isabelle Touitou, Departement Hospitalo- Universitaire - Inflammation, Immunopathologie, Biothérapie [Paris] (DHU - I2B), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (I3), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP]
Subjects: 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030212 general & internal medicine, 3. Good health
Abstract: Resume A cote des voies desormais classiques de l’autoinflammation que sont celles de l’interleukine1 (IL-1) et des interferons, le champ s’elargit avec la description de defauts de regulation negative de la voie NFKB. La voie NFKB, activee des le contact d’un ligand sur le recepteur 1 du tumor necrosis factor (TNFR1), joue un role critique pour engager le processus inflammatoire car elle produit des cytokines majeures comme l’IL-1, l’interleukine 6 et le TNF ; sa regulation negative est essentielle a l’arret du processus inflammatoire et depend du niveau d’ubiquitination des proteines associees au TNFR1 et d’autres composes intermediaires. A20 et Otuline sont des proteines qui modifient l’ubiquitination et leur defaut peut entrainer une activation de la voie NFKB avec production excessive de cytokines proinflammatoires. L’haploinsuffisance d’A20 comme la maladie de Behcet inclut l’aphtose bipolaire et plus rarement l’uveite, mais elle s’en distingue par sa transmission dominante, un debut des symptomes plus precoce, et une atteinte digestive severe au premier plan. Son heterogeneite clinique est tres importante, les patients atteints presentant au cours de leur vie de facon concomitante ou successive des manifestations autoinflammatoires, auto-immunes voire plus rarement un deficit immunitaire discret, essentiellement humoral. Le deficit en Otuline se caracterise par des manifestations systemiques inflammatoires tres precoces associees a une panniculite avec lipodystrophie et une colite inflammatoire ; son principal diagnostic differentiel etant le syndrome PRAAS : proteasome autoinflammatory associated syndrome. Le traitement de ces affections est difficile et non codifie a ce jour avec une corticosensibilite a haute dose, et une efficacite modeste des anti-TNF et des anti-IL1.
Published: 2019

29. A Novel 3q29 Deletion in Association With Developmental Delay and Heart Malformation—Case Report With Literature Review

Author: Adela Chirita Emandi, Andreea Iulia Dobrescu, Gabriela Doros, Capucine Hyon, Diana Miclea, Calin Popoiu, Maria Puiu, Smaranda Arghirescu, West University of Timișoara [Roumanie] (WUT), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Proband, Candidate gene, Microcephaly, Heart malformation, 3q29 microdeletion syndrome, 3q29, Case Report, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Pediatrics, cytogenetics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, cardiac malformation, Genetics, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, business.industry, behavior, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, Phenotype, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, SNP array
Abstract: International audience; 3q29 deletion syndrome is a rare disorder, causing a complex phenotype. Clinical features are variable and relatively non-specific. Our report aims to present an atypical, de novo deletion in chromosome band 3q29 in a preschool boy, first child of healthy non-consanguineous parents, presenting a particular phenotype (microcephaly, “full moon” face, flattened facial profile, large ears, auricular polyp, and dental dystrophies), motor and cognitive delay, characteristics of autism spectrum disorder and aggressive behavior. He also presented intrauterine growth restriction (birth weight 2,400 g) and a ventricular septal defect. SNP Array revealed a 962 kb copy number loss, on the chromosome 3q29 band (195519857–196482211), consistent with 3q29 microdeletion syndrome. FISH analysis using a RP11-252K11 probe confirmed the deletion in the proband, which was not present in the parents. Although the patient's deletion is relatively small, it partly overlaps the canonical 3q29 deletion (defined between TFRC and DLG1 gene) and extends upstream, associating a different facial phenotype compared to the classic 3q29 deletion, nonetheless showing a similar psychiatric disorder. This deletion is different from the canonical region, as it does not include the PAK2 and DLG1 genes, considered as candidates for causing intellectual disability. Thus, narrowing the genotype-phenotype correlation for the 3q29 band, FBX045 is suggested as a candidate gene for the neuropsychiatric phenotype.
Published: 2019

30. SHH medulloblastoma in a young adult with a TCF4 germline pathogenic variation

Author: Lydie Burglen, Olivier Ayrault, Irina Giurgea, Maud Blanluet, Franck Bielle, François Doz, David Gentien, Audrey Rapinat, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Olivier Delattre, Badreddine Mohand Oumoussa, Diane Doummar, Gaëlle Pierron, Christine Bourneix, Stéphane Clemenceau, Elodie Girard, Franck Bourdeaut, Celio Pouponnot, Mamy Andrianteranagna, UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Genetique et Biotherapies des Maladies Degeneratives et Proliferatives du Systeme Nerveux (Inserm U745), Institut des sciences du Médicament -Toxicologie - Chimie - Environnement (IFR71), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble (ESPE Grenoble), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de neurogénétique moléculaire, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Service: neuropédiatrie pathologie du développement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Signalisation cellulaire et neurobiologie (SNC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signalisation normale et pathologique de l'embryon aux thérapies innovante des cancers, Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de recherche translationnelle, Institut Curie, Service de Génétique Oncologique, Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Génétique Somatique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neuropathologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Grenoble Alpes - École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble (UGA ESPE Grenoble), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], UMS omique (OMIQUE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signalisation normale et pathologique de l'embryon aux thérapies innovantes des cancers, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie [Paris], Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Département de Recherche Translationnelle
Subjects: Medulloblastoma, 0303 health sciences, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, TCF4, Biology, medicine.disease, Germline, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Variation (linguistics), medicine, Neurology (clinical), Young adult, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

31. Risk estimation of uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 or 15 in a fetus with a parent carrying a non‐homologous Robertsonian translocation. Should we still perform prenatal diagnosis?

Author: Sébastien Schmitt, Philippe Vago, Marie-Laure Maurin, Gregory Egea, Denise Molina Gomes, Emmanuelle Haquet, Marine Lebrun, Jacques Puechberty, François Vialard, Olivier Pichon, Perrine Malzac, Philippe Jonveaux, Martine Doco-Fenzy, Paul Kuentz, Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud, Kamran Moradkhani, Jean-Paul Bonnefont, Caroline Janel, Jean-Michel Dupont, Pierre Boisseau, Jean-Pierre Siffroi, Cédric Le Caignec, Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem, Damien Sanlaville, Chantal Missirian, Carole Goumy, Agnès Guichet, Marie-Christine Manca-Pellissier, Renaud Touraine, Laurence Cuisset, Pascale Saugier-Veber, Nicolas Gruchy, Houda Hamdi-Rozé, Bénédicte Duban-Bedu, Bruno Delobel, N. Joye, Isabelle Creveaux, Ines Harzallah, Frédéric Bilan, Philippe Gosset, Marie-Pierre Audrézet, Laboratoire de cytogénétique [CHU Nantes] (Service de génétique médicale), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Depatment Biochemical Genetics, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Physiopathologie et pharmacologie cellulaires et moléculaires, Université de Nantes (UN)-IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gatonero SA, Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service d'histologie, embryologie et cytogénétique [Béclère], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Espace éthique méditerranéen, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Génétique, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de génétique [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital Robert Debré, Hôpital Robert Debré-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service de génétique [Angers], Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Laboratoire de Biochimie, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Histologie Embryologie Cytogénétique, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Faculté de Médecine, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Centre de Génétique Chromosomique [Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul], Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul-Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Génétique Médicale, CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Département de biologie de la reproduction et de gynécologie [CHIPS, Poissy], Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye - CHIPS [Poissy], CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain, Gamètes, implantation, gestation (GIG), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Hémostase et Remodelage Vasculaire Post-Ischémie (HERVI - EA 3801), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Constitutionnelle [Hospices civils de Lyon], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de génétique médicale - Unité de génétique clinique [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Saint-Etienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), CHU Saint-Etienne-Hôpital Nord - Saint-Etienne, Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye - CHIPS [Poissy], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), GHICL-Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul-GHICL, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Robertsonian translocation, Chromosomal translocation, Prenatal diagnosis, 030105 genetics & heredity, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, medicine.disease_cause, Risk Assessment, Translocation, Genetic, Miscarriage, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, Genetics (clinical), Retrospective Studies, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15, Fetus, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chromosome, Uniparental Disomy, medicine.disease, Uniparental disomy, 3. Good health, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Female, business
Abstract: International audience; Objective: Uniparental disomy (UPD) testing is currently recommended during pregnancy in fetuses carrying a balanced Robertsonian translocation (ROB) involving chromosome 14 or 15, both chromosomes containing imprinted genes. The overall risk that such a fetus presents a UPD has been previously estimated to be around ~0.6‐0.8%. However, because UPD are rare events and this estimate has been calculated from a number of studies of limited size, we have reevaluated the risk of UPD in fetuses for whom one of the parents was known to carry a nonhomologous ROB (NHROB).Method: We focused our multicentric study on NHROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15. A total of 1747 UPD testing were performed in fetuses during pregnancy for the presence of UPD(14) and/or UPD(15).Result: All fetuses were negative except one with a UPD(14) associated with a maternally inherited rob(13;14).Conclusion: Considering these data, the risk of UPD following prenatal diagnosis of an inherited ROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15 could be estimated to be around 0.06%, far less than the previous estimation. Importantly, the risk of miscarriage following an invasive prenatal sampling is higher than the risk of UPD. Therefore, we do not recommend prenatal testing for UPD for these pregnancies and parents should be reassured.
Published: 2019

32. Extreme Short Stature and Severe Neurological Impairment in a 17-Year-Old Male With Untreated Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Due to POU1F1 Mutation

Author: Hussein Majdoub, Serge Amselem, Marie Legendre, Shoshana Rath, Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover, Dani Bercovich, Clalit Health Services [Haifa, Israel], Pediatric Endocrine Clinic [Haifa, Israel], Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], Ha’Emek Medical Center [Afula, Israel], Pediatric Endocrine Institute [Afula, Israel], Tel-Hai College, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Couvet, Sandrine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Somatotropic cell, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Case Report, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, POU1F1 gene, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, medicine.disease_cause, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Frameshift mutation, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, Endocrinology, 0302 clinical medicine, Thyrotropic cell, Internal medicine, medicine, Central hypothyroidism, GH deficiency, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Mutation, lcsh:RC648-665, business.industry, central hypothyroidism, congenital hypothyroidism, CH, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, medicine.disease, Prolactin, 3. Good health, Congenital hypothyroidism, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, business, GHD
Abstract: International audience; Background: POU1F1 is an essential transcription factor for the differentiation, proliferation and survival of somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and thyrotrophs. Mutations in the POU1F1 gene are characterized by growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin, and prolactin deficiencies, commonly presenting with growth retardation and central hypothyroidism. Since the first report in 1992, more than 25 mutations have been identified in POU1F1.Case Description: We describe a 17-year-old male who presented to our Pediatric Endocrinology clinic with extreme short stature (height 81.7 cm, −9.3 SD), cognitive impairment, deaf-mutism, and neurological disabilities. L-thyroxine supplemental therapy, which had been initiated at the age of 6 months but ceased due to non-compliance, was reintroduced at presentation. GH therapy was initiated at 19 years of age, resulting in 42 cm linear growth, to a final height of 124 cm. Sequencing of POU1F1 revealed a previously described homozygous insertion mutation—c.580_581insT, p (Thr194Ilefs*7)—in exon 4 causing a frameshift that introduces a stop codon 7 amino acids downstream, leading to a severely truncated protein lacking the homeodomain.Conclusion: This case report sheds light on the natural history of untreated patients with POU1F1 mutations and raises awareness for early diagnosis and adequate treatment of central congenital hypothyroidism and GH deficiency.
Published: 2019

33. Association of Vasculitis and Familial Mediterranean Fever

Author: Gilles Grateau, Stéphanie Ducharme-Bénard, David Saadoun, S. Abbara, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Service de Médecine Interne = Hôpital de jour de médecine [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Service de médecine interne [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Médecine Interne [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunology, MEFV, Familial Mediterranean fever, autoinflammatory syndrome, Gastroenterology, Behçet disease, vasculitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, familial Mediterranean fever, Internal medicine, Intussusception (medical disorder), Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Age of Onset, business.industry, Polyarteritis nodosa, Disease Management, medicine.disease, Autoinflammatory Syndrome, 3. Good health, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, IgA vasculitis, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Disease Susceptibility, Systematic Review, lcsh:RC581-607, Vasculitis, business, 030215 immunology, Systemic vasculitis
Abstract: International audience; Certain types of vasculitis occur more frequently and present differently in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We assessed the characteristics of patients with FMF and systemic vasculitis through a systematic review of the literature. Medline was searched by two independent investigators until December 2017. We screened 310 articles and selected 58 of them (IgA vasculitis n = 12, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) n = 25, Behçet's disease (BD) n = 7, other vasculitis n = 14). Clinical case reports were available for 167 patients (IgA vasculitis n = 46, PAN n = 61, BD n = 46, other vasculitis n = 14), and unavailable for 45 patients (IgA vasculitis n = 38, PAN n = 7). IgA vasculitis was the most common vasculitis in FMF patients with a prevalence of 2.7-7%, followed by PAN with a prevalence of 0.9-1.4%. Characteristics of FMF did not differ between patients with and without vasculitis. Patients with FMF and IgA vasculitis displayed more intussusception (8.7%) and possibly less IgA deposits on histological analysis than patients with IgA vasculitis alone. Patients with FMF and PAN had a younger age at vasculitis onset (mean age = 17.9 years), as well as more perirenal hematomas (49%) and CNS involvement (31%) than patients with PAN alone. Glomerular involvement was noted in 33% of patients diagnosed with PAN, suggesting an alternative diagnosis. Sequencing of the MEFV gene confirmed the presence of two pathogenic variants in 73% of FMF patients with IgA vasculitis or PAN. The majority of patients with BD were from one case series, and presented more skin, gastrointestinal, and CNS involvement than patients with isolated BD. In conclusion, FMF, particularly when supported by two pathogenic MEFV mutations, could predispose to IgA vasculitis, or a PAN-like vasculitis with more perirenal bleeding and CNS involvement.
Published: 2019

34. FcRn-Dependent Transcytosis of Monoclonal Antibody in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro: A Prerequisite for a New Delivery Route for Therapy?

Author: Estelle Escudier, Bruno Louis, André Coste, Daniel Isabey, Lucie Thomas, Christelle Angely, Mathieu Bottier, Jean-François Papon, Christine Dhommée, Emilie Bequignon, Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Faculté de médecine (UPEC Médecine), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale [CHU Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Tours, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Receptors, Fc, lcsh:Chemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Delivery Systems, Nasal polyps, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, neonatal Fc receptor, Chemistry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cell Differentiation, General Medicine, respiratory system, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Transcytosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], monoclonal antibodies, medicine.drug_class, transcytosis, Nose, Monoclonal antibody, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, Catalysis, Article, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Neonatal Fc receptor, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Organic Chemistry, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Epithelial Cells, human nasal epithelial cells, medicine.disease, Mucus, Epithelium, 030104 developmental biology, HEK293 Cells, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Respiratory epithelium, Nasal administration
Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising therapies to treat airway chronic inflammatory disease (asthma or nasal polyps). To date, no study has specifically assessed, in vitro, the potential function of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in IgG transcytosis through the human nasal airway epithelium. The objective of this study was to report the in vitro expression and function of FcRn in nasal human epithelium. FcRn expression was studied in an air&ndash, liquid interface (ALI) primary culture model of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) from polyps. FcRn expression was characterized by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and immunolabeling. The ability of HNECs to support mAb transcytosis via FcRn was assessed by transcytosis assay. This study demonstrates the expression of FcRn mRNA and protein in HNEC. We report a high expression of FcRn in the cytosol of ciliated, mucus, and basal cells by immunohistochemistry with a higher level of FcRn proteins in differentiated HNEC. We also proved in vitro transepithelial delivery of an IgG1 therapeutic mAb with a dose&ndash, response curve. This is the first time that FcRn expression and mAb transcytosis has been shown in a model of human nasal respiratory epithelium in vitro. This study is a prerequisite for FcRn-dependent nasal administration of mAbs.
Published: 2019

35. How can we make pregnancy safe for women with Turner syndrome?

Author: Valérie Bernard, Bruno Donadille, Sophie Christin-Maitre, Service d'Endocrinologie, diabétologie et endocrinologie de la reproduction [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP]
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Turner syndrome, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Reproductive technology, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, aortic dissection, education, Contraindication, Genetics (clinical), [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Aortic dissection, fertility, Pregnancy, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Oocyte Donation, business.industry, Obstetrics, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, medicine.disease, mortality, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Blood pressure, Female, pregnancy, business, Postpartum period
Abstract: International audience; Pregnancy is a crucial issue in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). Although natural pregnancies have been reported in 4-7% of TS patients, most women will need assisted reproductive technologies (ART) with oocyte donation. The main issue is the maternal mortality rate that is higher than in the general population. It is related to cardiovascular anomalies and particularly aortic dissection. TS, per se, is not a contraindication for pregnancy, but a multidisciplinary screening is mandatory before initiating a pregnancy. It includes repeated aortic diameters evaluation, blood pressure measurement and biological testing evaluating thyroid and liver functions, as well as blood glucose level. In order to make the pregnancy safe, contraindications of pregnancy should be respected and identification of high-risk patients for cardiovascular events should be performed. Hypertension and pre-eclampsia prevention may benefit from beta-blockers and aspirin, respectively. Collaborations between endocrinologists, cardiologists, and obstetricians are mandatory during pregnancy and even in the postpartum period. Counseling the patients about the risks of pregnancy, screening them and spreading the international guidelines to physicians taking care of patients with TS are the three pillars of a safe pregnancy.
Published: 2019

36. Pulmonary Fibrosis in Children

Author: Guillaume Thouvenin, Chiara Sileo, Hubert Ducou Le Pointe, Effrosyne Manali, Nadia Nathan, Aurore Coulomb L'Hermine, Annick Clement, Laura Berdah, Pierre-Louis Leger, Spyros Papiris, Céline Delestrain, Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Service de pathologie [CHU Trousseau], Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], COST Action European network for translational research in children's and adult interstitial lung disease (COST-ILD) project CA16125Legs Poix from the Chancellerie des Universites, Paris 1305, 1405, 1015, 2077, DP2017/1860European Commission 305653Respirer c'est GrandirBelleherbe Association, ANR-10-COHO-0003,RADICO,Cohorte nationale maladies rares(2010), and European Project: 305653,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1,CHILD-EU(2012)
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Medicine, Review, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, children, Usual interstitial pneumonia, Pulmonary fibrosis, medicine, usual interstitial pneumonia, 030304 developmental biology, interstitial lung disease, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Adult patients, pulmonary fibrosis, business.industry, lcsh:R, Interstitial lung disease, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, business
Abstract: International audience; Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a very rare condition in children, which may be observed in specific forms of interstitial lung disease. None of the clinical, radiological, or histological descriptions used for PF diagnosis in adult patients, especially in situations of idiopathic PF, can apply to pediatric situations. This observation supports the view that PF expression may differ with age and, most likely, may cover distinct entities. The present review aims at summarizing the current understanding of PF pathophysiology in children and identifying suitable diagnostic criteria. View Full-Text
Published: 2019

37. Expression of SAA1, SAA2 and SAA4 genes in human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages

Author: Jumeau, Claire, Awad, Fawaz, Assrawi, Eman, Cobret, Laetitia, Duquesnoy, Philippe, Giurgea, Irina, Valeyre, Dominique, Grateau, Gilles, Amselem, Serge, Bernaudin, Jean-François, Karabina, Sonia-Athina, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de pneumologie [Avicenne], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hypoxie et Poumon : pneumopathologies fibrosantes, modulations ventilatoires et circulatoires (H&P), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-UFR SMBH, Service de Médecine Interne [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, Physiology, Interleukin-1beta, Gene Expression, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Monocytes, Dexamethasone, White Blood Cells, Animal Cells, Immune Physiology, Interleukin-1alpha, Medicine and Health Sciences, Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays, Immune Response, Innate Immune System, Healthy Volunteers, Precipitation Techniques, Liver, Cytokines, Medicine, Cellular Types, Research Article, Immune Cells, Science, Immunology, Research and Analysis Methods, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Immunoprecipitation, Humans, Immunoassays, Secretion, Inflammation, Serum Amyloid A Protein, Blood Cells, Interleukin-6, Macrophages, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Molecular Development, Gene Expression Regulation, Immune System, Immunologic Techniques, Physiological Processes, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) is increased in various inflammatory conditions. The human SAA protein family comprises the acute phase SAA1/SAA2, known to activate a large set of innate and adaptive immune cells, and the constitutive SAA4. The liver synthesis of SAA1/SAA2 is well-established but there is still an open debate on extrahepatic SAA expression especially in macrophages. We aimed to investigate the ability of human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages to express SAA1, SAA2 and SAA4 at both the transcriptional and protein levels, as previous studies almost exclusively dealt with monocytic cell lines. Monocytes and derived macrophages from healthy donors were stimulated under various conditions. In parallel with SAA, pro-inflammatory IL1A, IL1B and IL6 cytokine expression was assessed. While LPS alone was non-effective, a combined LPS/dexamethasone treatment induced SAA1 and to a lesser extent SAA2 transcription in human monocytes and macrophages. In contrast, as expected, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was strongly induced following stimulation with LPS, an effect which was dampened in the presence of dexamethasone. Furthermore, in monocytes polarized towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, SAA expression in response to LPS/dexamethasone was potentiated; a result mainly seen for SAA1. However, a major discrepancy was observed between SAA mRNA and intracellular protein levels under the experimental conditions used. Our results demonstrate that human monocytes and macrophages can express SAA genes, mainly SAA1 in response to an inflammatory environment. While SAA is considered as a member of a large cytokine network, its expression in the monocytes-macrophages in response to LPS-dexamethasone is strikingly different from that observed for classic pro-inflammatory cytokines. As monocytes-macrophages are major players in chronic inflammatory diseases, it may be hypothesized that SAA production from macrophages may contribute to the local inflammatory microenvironment, especially when macrophages are compactly organized in granulomas as in sarcoidosis.
Published: 2019

38. Chronic interstitial lung diseases in children: diagnosis approaches

Author: Keren Borensztajn, Annick Clement, Nadia Nathan, Laura Berdah, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires (PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Legs Poix from the Chancellerie des Universites, Paris 1305, 1015, 1405, 2077, DP2017/1860Respirer c'est GrandirBelleherbe Association, European Project: 305653,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1,CHILD-EU(2012), Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Genetic counseling, surfactant, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Molecular genetics, medicine, diagnosis approach, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Mass Screening, In patient, genetics, Intensive care medicine, Child, Lung, Heterogeneous group, business.industry, Disease expression, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Interstitial lung disease, Environmental Exposure, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Prognosis, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, Pediatric interstitial lung disease, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, classification, business, Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: Children interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory disorders characterized by inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma. They include ILD related to exposure/environment insults, ILD related to systemic diseases processes, ILD related to primary lung parenchyma dysfunctions and ILD specific to infancy. Areas covered: This review provides an update on chILD pathophysiology and diagnosis approaches in immunocompetent children. It includes current information on genetic causes. Expert commentary: ChILD covers a large spectrum of entities with heterogeneous disease expression. Various classifications have been reported, but none of them seems completely satisfactory. Recently, progress in molecular genetics has allowed identifying some genetic contributors, with, so far, a lack of correlations between gene disorders and disease expression. Despite improvements in patient management, chILD prognosis is still burdened by significant morbidity and mortality. Ongoing international collaborations will allow gathering larger longitudinal cohorts of patients to improve disease knowledge and personalized care. The overall goal is to help the children with ILD to reach the adulthood transition in a better condition, and to structure genetic counseling for their family.
Published: 2018

39. Disease-causing variants in TCF4 are a frequent cause of intellectual disability: lessons from large-scale sequencing approaches in diagnosis

Author: Anne Boland, Alain Verloes, Jean-François Deleuze, Amélie Piton, Robert Olaso, Jean-Louis Mandel, Laura Mary, Laurence Faivre, Christine Coubes, Bénédicte Gérard, Elise Schaefer, David Geneviève, Claire Feger, Irina Giurgea, Estelle Colin, Francesca Mattioli, Salima El Chehadeh, Dana Timbolschi, Yline Capri, Jennifer Fabre-Teste, Elsa Nourisson, Elisabeth Flori, Magalie Barth, Laurence Perrin, Claire Redin, Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique [CHU Strasbourg], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-CHU Strasbourg, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de génétique médicale, CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), MitoVasc - Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique, Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Service de cytogénétique, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Physiopathologie, conséquences fonctionnelles et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de génétique [Robert Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service d'hématologie et immunologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Inst MitoVasc, Equipe MitoLab, Université d'Angers (UA), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU de Montpellier], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Intellectual disability, Disease, 030105 genetics & heredity, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, Transcription Factor 4, MESH: Young adult, MESH: Child, Hyperventilation, 10. No inequality, Child, MESH: Transcription factor 4 / genetics, Genetics (clinical), MESH: Hyperventilation / genetics, Sanger sequencing, Mutation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, TCF4, 3. Good health, Phenotype, MESH: Facies, Child, Preschool, Cohort, symbols, Female, MESH: Hight-throughput Nucleotide sequencing, Adult, MESH: Mutation, Adolescent, MESH: Phenotype, Article, MESH: Child, preschool, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Young Adult, Genetics, medicine, Humans, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Hyperventilation / diagnosis, business.industry, Facies, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Intellectual Disability / pathology, Human genome, business, Large-Scale Sequencing, MESH: Female
Abstract: IF 3.636 (2017); International audience; High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of human genome coding regions allows the simultaneous screen of a large number of genes, significantly improving the diagnosis of non-syndromic intellectual disabilities (ID). HTS studies permit the redefinition of the phenotypical spectrum of known disease-causing genes, escaping the clinical inclusion bias of gene-by-gene Sanger sequencing. We studied a cohort of 903 patients with ID not reminiscent of a well-known syndrome, using an ID-targeted HTS of several hundred genes and found de novo heterozygous variants in TCF4 (transcription factor 4) in eight novel patients. Piecing together the patients from this study and those from previous large-scale unbiased HTS studies, we estimated the rate of individuals with ID carrying a disease-causing TCF4 mutation to 0.7%. So far, TCF4 molecular abnormalities were known to cause a syndromic form of ID, Pitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), which combines severe ID, developmental delay, absence of speech, behavioral and ventilation disorders, and a distinctive facial gestalt. Therefore, we reevaluated ten patients carrying a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in TCF4 (eight patients included in this study and two from our previous ID-HTS study) for PTHS criteria defined by Whalen and Marangi. A posteriori, five patients had a score highly evocative of PTHS, three were possibly consistent with this diagnosis, and two had a score below the defined PTHS threshold. In conclusion, these results highlight TCF4 as a frequent cause of moderate to profound ID and broaden the clinical spectrum associated to TCF4 mutations to nonspecific ID.
Published: 2018

40. Homozygous missense mutation L673P in adenylate kinase 7 (AK7) leads to primary male infertility and multiple morphological anomalies of the flagella but not to primary ciliary dyskinesia

Author: Marhaba Chaudhry, Sergey N. Savinov, Serge Amselem, Alain Schmitt, Christophe Arnoult, Jean-Philippe Wolf, Laurence Stouvenel, Lucie Thomas, Patrick Lorès, Maëlle Givelet, Mélanie Bonhivers, Zeinab Sakheli, Pierre F. Ray, Emmanuel Dulioust, Estelle Escudier, Gérard Gacon, Bruno Louis, Alex Mitsialis, Aminata Touré, Denis Dacheux, Jean-François Papon, Baptiste Rode, Elma El Khouri, Charles Coutton, Angeles Fernandez-Gonzales, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques Respiratoires, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10, AGeing and IMagery (AGIM), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique fonctionnelle des trypanosomatides (GFT), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Histologie Embryologie - Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité-AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Boston Children's Hospital, AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France., AP-HP Hôpital Armand-Trousseau [Paris], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau], Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Axoneme, Adult, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutation, Missense, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biology, Flagellum, medicine.disease_cause, Asthenozoospermia, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Male infertility, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Genetics, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Infertility, Male, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Mutation, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Cilium, Adenylate Kinase, Homozygote, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Cell biology, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, 030104 developmental biology, Sperm Tail, Motile cilium, Ciliary Motility Disorders
Abstract: Motile cilia and sperm flagella share an extremely conserved microtubule-based cytoskeleton, called the axoneme, which sustains beating and motility of both organelles. Ultra-structural and/or functional defects of this axoneme are well-known to cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections, chronic otitis media, situs inversus, male infertility and in most severe cases, hydrocephalus. Only recently, mutations in genes encoding axonemal proteins with preferential expression in the testis were identified in isolated male infertility; in those cases, individuals displayed severe asthenozoospermia due to Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the sperm Flagella (MMAF) but not PCD features. In this study, we performed genetic investigation of two siblings presenting MMAF without any respiratory PCD features, and we report the identification of the c.2018T > G (p.Leu673Pro) transversion in AK7, encoding an adenylate kinase, expressed in ciliated tissues and testis. By performing transcript and protein analyses of biological samples from individual carrying the transversion, we demonstrate that this mutation leads to the loss of AK7 protein in sperm cells but not in respiratory ciliated cells, although both cell types carry the mutated transcript and no tissue-specific isoforms were detected. This work therefore, supports the notion that proteins shared by both cilia and sperm flagella may have specific properties and/or function in each organelle, in line with the differences in their mode of assembly and organization. Overall, this work identifies a novel genetic cause of asthenozoospermia due to MMAF and suggests that in humans, more deleterious mutations of AK7 might induce PCD.
Published: 2018

41. Tumor necrosis receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS): State of the art

Author: Georgin-Lavialle, S., Kone-Paut, I., Delaleu, J., Sarrabay, G., Grateau, G., Touitou, I., Hentgen, V., CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et des Amyloses [CH Versailles] (CeRéMAIA - Hôpital André Mignot), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: Fever, Interleukin1, Inflammasomes, Interleukine 1, TNFRSF1A, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases, Syndrome auto-inflammatoire, TRAPS, Inflammasome, Biological Factors, TRAPS syndrome, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Mutation, Autoinflammatory syndrome, Humans, Glucocorticoids, TNFRFS1A, Interleukin-1
Abstract: International audience; Tumour necrosis receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a rare cosmopolitan dominant autosomal disease that belongs to the group of recurrent autoinflammatory syndromes. TRAPS is characterized by recurrent bouts of fever lasting more than 7 days, with arthralgia, myalgia, abdominal pain, erythematous rash and sometimes ocular symptoms. During flares, raised inflammatory markers are constant. The age of onset may occur during childhood but also during adulthood. TRAPS is caused by mutations in the TNF receptor 1 (TNFRSF1A) gene that may occur in most of the populations over the world. In the majority of patients, history shows affected relatives, even if sporadic cases do exist. Management of TRAPS usually involves corticosteroid therapy during inflammatory flares. The most severe cases require a treatment with biological agents (mainly interleukin 1 inhibitors). The prognosis of TRAPS is overall good; the main risk is represented by the development of secondary inflammatory amyloidosis. This risk is greatest in patients with structural mutations leading to conformation abnormalities of the TNFRSF1A receptor. Regular clinical and biological monitoring is essential in the follow-up of TRAPS patients.; Le syndrome périodique associé au récepteur du facteur de nécrose tumorale (TRAPS) est une maladie autosomique dominante cosmopolite « ultra » rare qui appartient au groupe des fièvres récurrentes auto-inflammatoires interleukine 1 dépendantes. Le TRAPS se caractérise par des accès récurrents de fièvre d’une durée classique de plus de 7 jours, d’arthromyalgies, de douleurs abdominales, d’éruptions cutanées et parfois de signes oculaires. Il existe toujours un syndrome inflammatoire biologique en poussée. L’âge de début des signes cliniques peut se situer au cours de l’enfance comme à l’âge adulte. Le TRAPS est causé par des mutations du gène codant le récepteur 1 du TNF (TNFRSF1A). Ces mutations ont été décrites de manière ubiquitaire et dans la majorité des cas il s’agit de cas familiaux. La prise en charge du TRAPS est le plus souvent symptomatique par corticoïdes au cours des accès inflammatoires. Seules les cas les plus sévères nécessitent une prise en charge par biothérapie (dont en premier lieu les inhibiteurs de l’interleukine 1). Le pronostic du TRAPS est généralement bon, le risque principal étant l’apparition d’une amylose inflammatoire secondaire. Ce risque est majeur chez les patients qui ont des mutations structurelles entraînant une anomalie de conformation du récepteur TNFRSF1A et une évolution inflammatoire chronique. Une surveillance clinique et biologique régulière est indispensable dans le suivi d’un patient atteint de TRAPS.
Published: 2018

42. Mutations involving the SRY-related gene SOX8 are associated with a spectrum of human reproductive anomalies

Author: Aleksandar Rajkovic, S. Christin-Maitre, Anu Bashamboo, Liliana Dain, Caroline Schluth-Bolard, McLean Whi, ossetti R, Caroline Eozenou, Svetlana A. Yatsenko, Inas Mazen, Etienne Patin, Selma F. Witchel, Ralf Jauch, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Joelle Bignon-Topalovic, Kristian Almstrup, Ken McElreavey, Marie-Charlotte Dumargne, Louis-Sylvestre C, Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud, de Malleray Pichard C, Jean-Pierre Siffroi, Célia Ravel, Violeta A. Chiauzzi, Capucine Hyon, John C. Achermann, Hassan Rouba, Stuart A. MacGowan, Reyes-ugica M, Andrew J. Duncan, Eduardo H. Charreau, Leila Fusee, Marie-France Portnoi, Sandra Rojo, Luca Persani, Raja Brauner, Validire P, Yogesh Srivastava, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC [Etats-Unis], Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine [Guangzhou, China], Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Service de gynécologie et d'endocrinologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), National Research Centre [Cairo, Egypt], Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Dundee, Actions Concertees Interpasteuriennes (ACIP) and a research grant from the European Society of Pediatric Endocrinology to A.B. A research grant from the EuroDSD in the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 under grant agreement No. 201444 as well as grant No. 295097 as part of the EU call FP7-INCO-2011–6 to A.B. and K.McE. A Franco-Egyptian AIRD-STDF grant to A.B., K.M. and I.M. Chinese Government Scholarship and University of the Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) for financial and infrastructure support to Y.S. 2013 MOST China-EU Science and Technology Cooperation Program, Grant No. 2013DFE33080, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31471238) and a 100 talent award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to R.J. Innovation Fund Denmark (grant # 14–2013-4) to K.A. The human embryonic and fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust (grant # 099175/Z/12/Z) Human Developmental Biology Resource (www.hdbr.org). J.C.A. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow in Clinical Science (098513/Z/12/Z) and received support from the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London. R.R. is a fellow supported by the Italian Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy (grant # GR-2011–02351636). This work is supported by the COST Action DSDnet BM1303. This work was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Laboratoire d’Excellence Revive, Investissement d’Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-73). Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by Laboratoire d'Excellence Revive, Investissement d'Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-73., ANR-10-LABX-0073,REVIVE,Stem Cells in Regenerative Biology and Medicine(2010), European Project: 201444,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,EURODSD(2008), European Project: 295097,EC:FP7:INCO,FP7-INCO-2011-6,GM_NCD_IN_CO(2011), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Endocrinologie, diabétologie et endocrinologie de la reproduction [CHU Saint-Antoine], University of Milan, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et d'Endocrinologie de la Reproduction [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], and ANR: 10-LABX-0073,REVIVE,Stem Cells in Regenerative Biology and Medicine(2010)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, 46, XX Disorders of Sex Development, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Medical and Health Sciences, Male infertility, XY, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], 0302 clinical medicine, Missense mutation, Related gene, Child, MUTATION, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Genetics & Heredity, SOXE Transcription Factors, Sexual differentiation in humans, General Medicine, Articles, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1 [https], Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Biological Sciences, Medicina Básica, medicine.anatomical_structure, Testis determining factor, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], DISORDER OF SEX DEVELOPMENT, Biología Reproductiva, SOX8, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, OLIGOSPERMIA, Infertility, Gonad, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Adolescent, Mutation, Missense, Locus (genetics), Biology, INFERTILITY, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, XX Disorders of Sex Development, SRY, medicine, Humans, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Molecular Biology, Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY, Oligospermia, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Missense
Abstract: SOX8 is an HMG-box transcription factor closely related to SRY and SOX9. Deletion of the gene encoding Sox8 in mice causes reproductive dysfunction but the role of SOX8 in humans is unknown. Here, we show that SOX8 is expressed in the somatic cells of the early developing gonad in the human and influences human sex determination. We identified two individuals with 46, XY disorders/differences in sex development (DSD) and chromosomal rearrangements encompassing the SOX8 locus and a third individual with 46, XY DSD and a missense mutation in the HMG-box of SOX8. In vitro functional assays indicate that this mutation alters the biological activity of the protein. As an emerging body of evidence suggests that DSDs and infertility can have common etiologies, we also analysed SOX8 in a cohort of infertile men (n=274) and two independent cohorts of women with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI; n=153 and n=104). SOX8 mutations were found at increased frequency in oligozoospermic men (3.5%; P < 0.05) and POI (5.06%; P=4.5×10-5) as compared with fertile/normospermic control populations (0.74%). The mutant proteins identified altered SOX8 biological activity as compared with the wild-type protein. These data demonstrate that SOX8 plays an important role in human reproduction and SOX8 mutations contribute to a spectrum of phenotypes including 46, XY DSD, male infertility and 46, XX POI. Fil: Portnoi, Marie France. Inserm; Francia. Sorbonne Université. Faculté de Medecine; Francia. Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Francia Fil: Dumargne, Marie Charlotte. Instituto Pasteur; Francia Fil: Rojo, Sandra. Instituto Pasteur; Francia Fil: Witchel, Selma F.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos Fil: Duncan, Andrew J.. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; Reino Unido Fil: Eozenou, Caroline. Instituto Pasteur; Francia Fil: Bignon Topalovic, Joelle. Instituto Pasteur; Francia Fil: Yatsenko, Svetlana A.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos Fil: Rajkovic, Aleksandar. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos Fil: Reyes Mugica, Miguel. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos Fil: Almstrup, Kristian. Rigshospitalet; Dinamarca Fil: Fusee, Leila. Instituto Pasteur; Francia Fil: Srivastava, Yogesh. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Chantot Bastaraud, Sandra. Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Francia Fil: Hyon, Capucine. Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Francia. Inserm; Francia Fil: Louis Sylvestre, Christine. Institut Mutualiste Montsouris; Francia Fil: Validire, Pierre. Institut Mutualiste Montsouris; Francia Fil: de Malleray Pichard, Caroline. Hôpital Cochin; Francia Fil: Ravel, Celia. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes; Francia Fil: Christin Maitre, Sophie. Inserm; Francia. Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Francia Fil: Brauner, Raja. Universite de Paris; Francia Fil: Rossetti, Raffaella. Università degli Studi di Milano; Italia. Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Italia Fil: Persani, Luca. Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Italia. Università degli Studi di Milano; Italia Fil: Charreau, Eduardo Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Administracion Nacional de Laboratorios E Institutos de Salud "dr. Carlos G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia. Departamento de Investigacion.; Argentina Fil: Dain, Liliana Beatriz. Administracion Nacional de Laboratorios E Institutos de Salud "dr. Carlos G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia. Departamento de Investigacion.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Chiauzzi, Violeta Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Administracion Nacional de Laboratorios E Institutos de Salud "dr. Carlos G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia. Departamento de Investigacion.; Argentina Fil: Mazen, Inas. National Research Centre ; Egipto Fil: Rouba, Hassan. Institut Pasteur du Maroc; Marruecos Fil: Schluth Bolard, Caroline. Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant; Francia Fil: Mac Gowan, Stuart. University of Dundee; Reino Unido Fil: Mc Lean, W. H. Irwin. University of Dundee; Reino Unido Fil: Patin, Etienne. Instituto Pasteur; Francia Fil: Rajpert De Meyts, Ewa. Rigshospitalet; Dinamarca Fil: Jauch, Ralf. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Achermann, John C.. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; Reino Unido Fil: Siffroi, Jean Pierre. Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Francia Fil: Mc Elreavey, Ken. Instituto Pasteur; Francia Fil: Bashamboo, Anu. Inserm; Francia. Instituto Pasteur; Francia
Published: 2018

43. Clinical overview of auto-inflammatory diseases

Author: Georgin-Lavialle, S., Rodrigues, F., Hentgen, V., Fayand, A., Quartier, P., Bader-Meunier, B., Bachmeyer, C., Savey, L., Louvrier, C., Sarrabay, G., Melki, I., Belot, Alexandre, Koné-Paut, I., Grateau, G., CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Département d'Immunologie, hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatriques [Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades - APHP], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares. Pathologie moleculaire, etudes fonctionnelles et banque de données génétiques (LGMR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-IFR3, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Réponse immunitaire innée dans les maladies infectieuses et auto-immunes – Innate immunity in infectious and autoimmune diseases, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de néphrologie, rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital Mère Enfant, Service de Pédiatrie Générale et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Médecine interne, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (CHV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Bicêtre
Subjects: Inflammation, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases, Maladies auto-inflammatoires, Auto-inflammatory diseases, Maladies médiées par les interférons, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Immunity, Innate, Maladies médiées par l\textquoterightinterleukine-1, Diagnosis, Differential, Fièvres récurrentes monogéniques, Monogenic recurrent fevers, Interferon-mediated disease, Mutation, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Interleukin-1 mediated-disease, Humans, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Abstract: International audience; Monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases are characterized by genetic abnormalities coding for proteins involved in innate immunity. They were initially described in mirror with auto-immune diseases because of the absence of circulating autoantibodies. Their main feature is the presence of peripheral blood inflammation in crisis without infection. The best-known auto-inflammatory diseases are mediated by interleukines that consisted in the 4~following diseases familial Mediterranean fever, cryopyrinopathies, TNFRSF1A-related intermittent fever, and mevalonate kinase deficiency. Since 10~years, many other diseases have been discovered, especially thanks to the progress in genetics. In this review, we propose the actual panorama of the main known auto-inflammatory diseases. Some of them are recurrent fevers with crisis and remission; some others evaluate more chronically; some are associated with immunodeficiency. From a physiopathological point of view, we can separate diseases mediated by interleukine-1 and diseases mediated by interferon. Then some polygenic inflammatory diseases will be shortly described: Still disease, Schnitzler syndrome, aseptic abscesses syndrome. The diagnosis of auto-inflammatory disease is largely based on anamnesis, the presence of peripheral inflammation during attacks and genetic analysis, which are more and more performant.
Published: 2018

44. Functional characterization of tektin-1 in motile cilia and evidence for TEKT1 as a new candidate gene for motile ciliopathies

Author: Alexandre Benmerah, Estelle Escudier, Christine Bole-Feysot, Véronique Baudouin, Thérèse Reboul, Patrick Nitschké, Marie Legendre, Marion Delous, Sophie Saunier, Meriem Garfa-Traore, Rebecca Ryan, Madeline Louise Reilly, Marion Failler, Serge Amselem, Emilie Filhol, Laboratoire des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire [SFR Necker], Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker (SFR Necker - UMS 3633 / US24), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plate Forme Paris Descartes de Bioinformatique (BIP-D), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Bioinformatics Core Facility (INSERM U1163), Sorbonne Paris Cité-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Néphrologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Benmerah, Alexandre, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and UF de Génétique moléculaire [CHU Trousseau]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Axoneme, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Ciliopathies, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 0302 clinical medicine, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Exome, Child, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Zebrafish, Genetics (clinical), Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Cilium, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, General Medicine, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Phenotype, Microtubule Proteins, Motile cilium, Female, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Ciliary Motility Disorders, Cerebellar Ataxia, Ciliary dyskinesia, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Bone and Bones, Craniosynostoses, 03 medical and health sciences, Exome Sequencing, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cilia, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Tektin, Proteins, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Cytoskeletal Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Mutation, Cranioectodermal Dysplasia, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; A child presenting with Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS), characterized by renal, retinal and skeletal involvements, was also diagnosed with lung infections and airway ciliary dyskinesia. These manifestations suggested dysfunction of both primary and motile cilia, respectively. Targeted exome sequencing identified biallelic mutations in WDR19, encoding an IFT-A subunit previously associated with MZSDS-related chondrodysplasia, Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia and cranioectodermal dysplasia, linked to primary cilia dysfunction, and in TEKT1 which encodes tektin-1 an uncharacterized member of the tektin family, mutations of which may cause ciliary dyskinesia. Tektin-1 localizes at the centrosome in cycling cells, at basal bodies of both primary and motile cilia and to the axoneme of motile cilia in airway cells. The identified mutations impaired these localizations. In addition, airway cells from the affected individual showed severe motility defects without major ultrastructural changes. Knockdown of tekt1 in zebrafish resulted in phenotypes consistent with a function for tektin-1 in ciliary motility, which was confirmed by live imaging. Finally, experiments in the zebrafish also revealed a synergistic effect of tekt1 and wdr19. Altogether, our data show genetic interactions between WDR19 and TEKT1 likely contributing to the overall clinical phenotype observed in the affected individual and provide strong evidence for TEKT1 as a new candidate gene for primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Published: 2018

45. Should 45,X/46,XY boys with no or mild anomaly of external genitalia be investigated and followed up?

Author: Clémentine Dupuis, Juliane Leger, Sabine Baron, Catherine Naud-Saudreau, Bruno Donadille, Jean-Claude Carel, Régis Coutant, Delphine Zenaty, Marc de Kerdanet, Sophie Christin-Maitre, Claire Bouvattier, Chantal Metz-Blond, Laurence Dumeige, Blandine Esteva, Capucine Hyon, Dinane Samara-Boustani, Marc Nicolino, Jean-Pierre Siffroi, Laetitia Martinerie, Livie Chatelais, Pôle médico-chirurgical de pédiatrie et de génétique clinique, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'endocrinologie, gynécologie et diabétologie pédiatriques [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatriques [AP-HP Hôpital Robert-Debré], Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CH Bretagne Sud, Université de Caen Normandie - UFR Santé (UNICAEN Santé), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatriques, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie, diabétologie et endocrinologie de la reproduction [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance [APHP Robert Debré], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), PremUp Foundation, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-CHI Créteil-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)
Subjects: Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gonadal dysgenesis, Physiology, Sex Chromosome Disorders, XY, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Monosomy, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Medicine, Fertility preservation, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Sex Chromosome Aberrations, Growth Disorders, Azoospermia, 2. Zero hunger, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Male Phenotype, Mosaicism, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Prenatal diagnosis, Short stature, Chromosomes, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Humans, Genitalia, Retrospective Studies, Chromosomes, Human, X, Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY, business.industry, Puberty, Infant, Newborn, Disorder of Sex Development, Infant, medicine.disease, Newborn, Body Height, Karyotyping, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Objective Few studies of patients with a 45,X/46,XY mosaicism have considered those with normal male phenotype. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of 45,X/46,XY boys born with normal or minor abnormalities of external genitalia, notably in terms of growth and pubertal development. Methods Retrospective longitudinal study of 40 patients followed between 1982 and 2017 in France. Results Twenty patients had a prenatal diagnosis, whereas 20 patients had a postnatal diagnosis, mainly for short stature. Most patients had stunted growth, with abnormal growth spurt during puberty and a mean adult height of 158 ± 7.6 cm, i.e. −2.3 DS with correction for target height. Seventy percent of patients presented Turner-like syndrome features including cardiac (6/23 patients investigated) and renal malformations (3/19 patients investigated). Twenty-two patients had minor abnormalities of external genitalia. One patient developed a testicular embryonic carcinoma, suggesting evidence of partial gonadal dysgenesis. Moreover, puberty occurred spontaneously in 93% of patients but 71% (n = 5) of those evaluated at the end of puberty presented signs of declined Sertoli cell function (low inhibin B levels and increased FSH levels). Conclusion This study emphasizes the need to identify and follow-up 45,X/46,XY patients born with normal male phenotype until adulthood, as they present similar prognosis than those born with severe genital anomalies. Currently, most patients are diagnosed in adulthood with azoospermia, consistent with our observations of decreased testicular function at the end of puberty. Early management of these patients may lead to fertility preservation strategies.
Published: 2018

46. Pulmonary hemosiderosis in children with Down syndrome: a national experience

Author: Aurelia Alimi, Jessica Taytard, Rola Abou Taam, Véronique Houdouin, Aude Forgeron, Marc Lubrano Lavadera, Pierrick Cros, Isabelle Gibertini, Jocelyne Derelle, Antoine Deschildre, Caroline Thumerelle, Ralph Epaud, Philippe Reix, Michael Fayon, Sylvie Roullaud, Françoise Troussier, Marie-Catherine Renoux, Jacques de Blic, Sophie Leyronnas, Guillaume Thouvenin, Caroline Perisson, Aimé Ravel, Annick Clement, Harriet Corvol, Nadia Nathan, for the French RespiRare® group, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte [CHU Necker] (MaMEA Necker), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RespiRare - Centre pédiatrique de pneumologie et de référence pour les maladies pulmonaires rares [AP-HP Hôpital Robert Debré], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pédiatrie [CH Le Mans], Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de pédiatrie [CHRU Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Département de pédiatrie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CHRU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Créteil] (RespiRare), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU de Lille), Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evaluation et modélisation des effets thérapeutiques, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Lyon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon (CHU Lyon), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CH Angoulême], Centre Hospitalier d'Angoulême (CH Angoulême), Département de pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), French RespiRare® group, ANR-10-COHO-0003,RADICO,Cohorte nationale maladies rares(2010), European Project: 305653,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1,CHILD-EU(2012), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Bernardo, Elizabeth, Cohortes - Cohorte nationale maladies rares - - RADICO2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0003 - COHO - VALID, Orphans Unite: chILD better together –European Management Platform for Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases - CHILD-EU - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2012-12-01 - 2016-11-30 - 305653 - VALID, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (U933), RespiRare - Centre pédiatrique de pneumologie et de référence pour les maladies pulmonaires rares [AP-HP Hôpital Armand-Trousseau], AP-HP Hôpital Armand-Trousseau [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Département de Pédiatrie [CH Le Mans], Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier d'Angoulême, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie / Nantes - Angers (CRCNA), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Hôpital Laennec-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Sorbonne Universités, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, and ANR-10-COHO-03/10-COHO-0003,RADICO,Cohorte nationale maladies rares(2010)
Subjects: Lung Diseases, Male, Pediatrics, Down syndrome, lcsh:Medicine, Autoimmunity, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Celiac disease, Pharmacology (medical), Young adult, Child, Children, Genetics (clinical), education.field_of_study, Interstitial lung disease, General Medicine, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, Vasculitis, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Hemosiderosis, Adolescent, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Population, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Pulmonary hypertension, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 030225 pediatrics, Humans, education, Lung, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Pulmonary hemosiderosis, 030228 respiratory system, business, Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Abstract: Background Pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare and complex disease in children. A previous study from the French RespiRare® network led to two important findings: 20% of the children presented with both pulmonary hemosiderosis and Down syndrome (DS), and at least one tested autoantibody was found positive in 50%. This study investigates the relationships between pulmonary hemosiderosis and DS. Methods Patients younger than 20 years old and followed for pulmonary hemosiderosis were retrieved from the RespiRare® database. Clinical, biological, functional, and radiological findings were collected, and DS and non-DS patients’ data were compared. Results A total of 34 patients (22 girls and 12 boys) were included, among whom nine (26%) presented with DS. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.1 ± 3.27 years old for non-DS and 2.9 ± 3.45 years old for DS patients. DS patients tended to present a more severe form of the disease with an earlier onset, more dyspnoea at diagnosis, more frequent secondary pulmonary hypertension, and an increased risk of fatal evolution. Conclusions DS patients have a higher risk of developing pulmonary hemosiderosis, and the disease seems to be more severe in this population. This could be due to the combination of an abnormal lung capillary bed with fragile vessels, a higher susceptibility to autoimmune lesions, and a higher risk of evolution toward pulmonary hypertension. A better screening for pulmonary hemosiderosis and a better prevention of hypoxia in DS paediatric patients may prevent a severe evolution of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0806-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

47. In situ analysis by SEM-EDX spectroscopy of 10 sarcoidosis cases from MINASARC study

Author: Catherine Cavalin, Nathalie Freymond, Olivia Freynet, Michel Vincent, C. Chemarin, Paul-André Rosental, F. Arbib, Ana-Maria Sfarghiu, Marianne Kambouchner, Christophe Pison, Jean-François Mornex, Mickaël Catinon, Françoise Thivolet, Jean-François Bernaudin, Dominique Valeyre, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques [Louis Pradel - CHU Lyon], Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service d’anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales (IRISSO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clinique de pneumologie, CHU Grenoble, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires (PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Rétrovirus et Pathologie Comparée (RPC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Études sociales et politiques des populations de la protection sociale et de la santé, Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des maladies respiratoires, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Avicenne-Jean Verdier-René Muret, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Hôpital avicenne, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Avicenne-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Avicenne, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Groupe Hospitalier Avicenne-Jean Verdier-René Muret, Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: medicine.diagnostic_test, Scanning electron microscope, business.industry, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inorganic exposome, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine.disease, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Tissue sections, medicine.anatomical_structure, In situ analysis, Biopsy, medicine, Sarcoidosis, Lymph, sarcoidosis, Nuclear medicine, business, MINARSAC, Lymph node, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Introduction: MINASARC is a case-control study designed to assess the inorganic “exposome” by a specific questionnaire concomitantly with the mineralogical analysis (MA) of Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) by transmission electron microscopy (MA-TEM) and paraffin embedded biopsy by scanning electron microscopy (MA-SEM). We report the results obtained by MA-SEM from 10 sarcoidosis cases. Objectives: To compare the results of MA-SEM and MA-TEM. Methods: 5 mediastinal lymph nodes obtained by endobronchial ultrasound trans-bronchial needle aspiration (EBUS/TBNA) and 5 bronchial biopsies (BB) were studied by SEM-EDX. Results: * + to ++++: level of particles load Discussion and conclusion: MA-SEM on tissue sections is feasible and may give potential interesting results. In one manicurist (n°4), it identified silica particles in the lymph node and a high level in BAL. In a fire safety worker (n°10), it identified steel particles associated to a steel overload in the BAL. However, we have to be cautious for interpretation of EBUS/TBNA collected samples, as we identified FeCrNi and TiNi particles compatible with metal particles release from needles used for TBNA, as already reported [Gounant et al., Chest 2010]. MA-SEM on paraffin embedded biopsies allows to determine the chemical composition of particles observed in the preserved structures of tissues. It offers additional information on the patient9s exposure to inorganic dusts.
Published: 2017

48. Genetic Pathways Implicated in Male Genitalia Differentiation

Author: Matthieu Peycelon, Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique (UMRS_933), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université, and Jean-Pierre Siffroi
Subjects: Hypospadias, Disorders of sex development, Anomalies du développement génital, Séquençage génome entier, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Steroidogenic factor 1, Whole exome sequencing, Récepteurs aux androgènes, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Androgen receptors, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Hormone chorionique gonadotrophique
Abstract: Background. Hypospadias is the most common malformation affecting the male genitalia. Although the causes remain often unknown, endocrine, vascular and environmental factors have been implicated. However, the genetic basis is probably underestimated. Objectives. To study the genetic factors implicated in sexual differentiation. Methods. A cohort of 284 children born with hypospadias has been established since 2011. DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts obtained after a foreskin biopsy. Sanger sequencing of AR, MAMLD1 and NR5A1, SNP-array analysis, and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) were performed. A second cohort of 1,311 pregnant women was established to evaluate an association between maternal fhCGb and hypospadias. Results. No mutation in AR and MAMLD1 was found. Non-described variations of AR, MAMLD1 and NR5A1 were identified without any splicing activity. Some polymorphisms in AR gene had a MAF significantly higher (p

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