50 results on '"Pickett, Autumn"'
Search Results
2. 148 Supplementing Bovacillus to newly weaned beef steers during a 90-d grazing period
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Cooke, Reinaldo F, primary, Mackey, Shea, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Cappellozza, Bruno I, additional, Karisch, Brandi B, additional, and Harvey, Kelsey M, additional
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- 2024
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3. 101 Effects of moderate exercise regimen on reproductive development of replacement beef heifers reared in drylots at a high stocking density
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Pickett, Autumn, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Rahmel, Logan W, additional, Mackey, Shea, additional, Drewery, Mason, additional, Cordero, Juan, additional, Mackey, Teegan, additional, Daigle, Courtney L, additional, Martins, Thiago, additional, and Harvey, Kelsey M, additional
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. 104 Maternal pre- and post-partum supplementation of Bacillus-based DFM enhanced cow and calf performance
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Izquierdo, Vinicius S, primary, Cappellozza, Bruno I, additional, Silva, João V L, additional, Santos, Giovanna C M, additional, Miranda, Andre, additional, Bittar, João H J, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Mackey, Shea, additional, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Vendramini, João M B, additional, and Moriel, Philipe, additional
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- 2024
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5. PSIV-13 Influence of Differing Levels of Concentrate on Circulating Cytokine Concentrations in Beef Heifers
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Stockland, Erin, primary, Smith, Molly S, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, and Poole, Rebecca K, additional
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- 2023
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6. PSIII-23 Supplementing Bovacillus to Newly Weaned Cattle During a 90-Day Grazing Period
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Mackey, Shea, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Rahmel, Logan W, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Harvey, Kelsey M M, additional, Karisch, Brandi B, additional, and Cappellozza, Bruno I, additional
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- 2023
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7. 181 Effects of Moderate Exercise Regimen on Reproductive Development of Replacement Beef Heifers Reared in Drylots at a High Stocking Density
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Rahmel, Logan W, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Mackey, Shea, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Drewery, Mason, additional, Cordero, Juan, additional, Daigle, Courtney L, additional, and Harvey, Kelsey M M, additional
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- 2023
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8. 171 Supplementing Ca Salts of Soybean Oil Via Low-Moisture Molasses-Based Blocks to Improve Reproductive Performance and Overall Productivity of Beef Cows
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Pickett, Autumn, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Gonçalves, Lucas, additional, Burato, Samir, additional, Holton, Mark, additional, Dias, Nicholas Wege, additional, Pancini, Stefania, additional, Redifer, Tracey, additional, Clark-Deener, Sherrie, additional, Currin, John, additional, Stewart, Jamie L, additional, Fontes, Pedro L P, additional, and Mercadante, Vitor R G, additional
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- 2023
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9. 170 Bakery Waste Supplementation to Late Gestating Bos Indicus-Influenced Beef Cows Successfully Impacted Offspring Postnatal Performance
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de Izquierdo, Vinicius Souza, primary, Silva, Joao, additional, Palmer, Elizabeth, additional, Ranches, Juliana, additional, Bittar, Joao, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Vendramini, Joao, additional, and Moriel, Philipe, additional
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- 2023
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10. PSXII-22 Analysis of the Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome in Newly Received Feedlot Heifers According to Subsequent Incidence of Bovine Respiratory Disease
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Pickett, Autumn, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Bicalho, Rodrigo, additional, and Gouvea, Vinicius N, additional
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- 2023
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11. Bakery waste supplementation to late gestating Bos indicus-influenced beef cows successfully impacted offspring postnatal performance
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Izquierdo, Vinicius S, primary, Silva, João V L, additional, Palmer, Elizabeth, additional, Ranches, Juliana, additional, Bittar, João H J, additional, Santos, Giovanna C M, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Vendramini, João M B, additional, and Moriel, Philipe, additional
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- 2023
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12. 35 Effects of Supplementing Pre- and Pro-Biotic Feed Ingredients on Performance, Health, and Physiological Responses in Feedlot Cattle
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Pickett, Autumn, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Batista, Luis Fernando, additional, and Brandão, Alice P, additional
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- 2023
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13. 36 Productive and Physiological Responses of Feedlot Cattle Receiving Different Sources of Ca Salts of Fatty Acids in the Finishing Diet
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Colombo, Eduardo, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Mackey, Shea, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Batista, Luis Fernando, additional, Pohler, Ky, additional, Sousa, Osvaldo, additional, Cappellozza, Bruno, additional, and Brandão, Alice P, additional
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- 2023
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14. 37 Supplemented with Yucca Schidigera Extract to Feedlot Cattle Consuming Diets with or Without Monensin
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Mackey, Shea, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Mendes, Egleu, additional, Batista, Luis Fernando, additional, and Colombo, Eduardo, additional
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- 2023
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15. Inclusion of Yucca schidigera extract into finishing diets: impacts on ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle
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Mackey, Shea J, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Pickett, Autumn T, additional, Batista, Luis F D, additional, Mendes, Egleu D M, additional, Rincker, Michael J, additional, and Colombo, Eduardo A, additional
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- 2023
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16. Short communication: Analysis of the nasal microbiota in newly received feedlot heifers according to subsequent incidence of bovine respiratory disease
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Pickett, Autumn T, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Bicalho, Rodrigo, additional, and Gouvea, Vinicius N, additional
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- 2023
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17. Productive and physiological responses of feedlot cattle receiving different sources of Ca salts of fatty acids in the finishing diet
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Cooke, Reinaldo F, primary, Colombo, Eduardo A, additional, Mackey, Shea J, additional, Pickett, Autumn T, additional, Batista, Luiz Fernando D, additional, Pohler, Ky G, additional, de Souza, Osvaldo A, additional, Cappellozza, Bruno I, additional, and Brandão, Alice P, additional
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- 2023
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18. Shifts in bacterial communities in the rumen, vagina, and uterus of beef heifers receiving different levels of concentrate
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Pickett, Autumn T, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Mackey, Shea J, additional, Brandão, Alice P, additional, Colombo, Eduardo A, additional, Oliveira Filho, Ramiro V, additional, de Melo, Gabriela Dalmaso, additional, Pohler, Ky G, additional, and Poole, Rebecca K, additional
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- 2022
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19. 37 Performance, Health, and Physiological Responses of Feedlot Cattle Supplemented with Pre- and Probiotic Ingredients
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Mackey, Shea, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Batista, Luis Fernando, additional, Block, Elliot, additional, and Brandão, Alice, additional
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- 2022
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20. 36 Inclusion of Different Sources of Ca Salts of Fatty Acids on Productive Responses of Finishing Cattle
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Colombo, Eduardo, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Mackey, Shea, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Zylberlicht, Gabriel, additional, Cappellozza, Bruno, additional, Batista, Luis Fernando, additional, Pohler, Ky G, additional, and Brandão, Alice, additional
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- 2022
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21. 33 Dietary Impacts on Rumen, Vaginal, and Uterine Microbiota in Beef Heifers
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Pickett, Autumn, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Mackey, Shea, additional, Filho, Ramiro Oliveira, additional, Dalmaso, Gabriela, additional, Poole, Rebecca K, additional, and Pohler, Ky G, additional
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- 2022
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22. Supplementing Bovacillus to newly weaned beef steers during a 90-d grazing period.
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Cooke, Reinaldo F., Mackey, Shea, Pickett, Autumn, Colombo, Eduardo, Cappellozza, Bruno I., Karisch, Brandi B., and Harvey, Kelsey M.
- Subjects
CATTLE carcasses ,ANIMAL weaning ,GRAZING ,DISTILLERY by-products ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,BACILLUS licheniformis ,SOMATOMEDIN C - Abstract
This experiment compared performance, health, and physiological responses of high-risk stocker cattle receiving a Bacillus subtilis derivative during a 90-d grazing period. Crossbred steers (n = 120) were obtained from an auction yard and transported to the experimental facility. Steer shrunk body weight (BW) was recorded at arrival (d -1). This value was averaged with BW recorded on d 0 to represent initial BW (236 ± 2 kg). On d 0, steers were ranked by BW and allocated to 1 of 12 pastures (4-ha pastures; 10 steers/pasture). Pastures were randomly assigned to receive daily supplementation with dried distillers' grains at 1% of BW containing either: 1) Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis ingredient (BOV; 2 g/steer daily of Bovacillus, Chr Hansen A/S, Horsholm, Denmark) or 2) no additive (CON). Cattle received treatments from d 0 to 90 while housed in pastures containing stockpiled grass forage, as well as free-choice access to water and a commercial mineral + vitamin mix without ionophores. Steers were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs daily, and shrunk BW recorded on d 91. Blood samples were collected, and BW recorded on d 0, 14, 28, 56, and 90. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.19) for glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, P-hydroxybutyrate, haptoglobin, or insulin-like growth factor 1, whereas a treatment x day interaction indicated increased cortisol in BOV cattle on d 56 (P < 0.01). A treatment x day interaction was detected for serum concentrations of parainfluenza type 3 antibodies, which was greater in BOV steers on d 90 (P < 0.01). No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.23) for serum concentrations of antibodies against other BRD pathogen. Average daily gain (ADG) tended to be increased (P = 0.09) in BOV compared with CON steers from d 56 to d 90 (0.858 and 0.760 kg/d, respectively, although did not impact overall ADG (P = 0.48). No treatment differences were detected for steer final BW (P = 0.43). Total BW change per pasture was greater in BOV compared with CON (790 vs. 550 kg BW change; P = 0.02). No treatment differences were detected (P = 1.00) for BRD incidence, although steers removed from the experiment for health reasons tended to be increased in CON compared with BOV (P = 0.08). Despite lacking differences in health or physiological responses, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis supplementation increased overall production of BW in high-risk stocker steers during a 90-d grazing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. PSXV-26 Performance and health responses of feedlot receiving cattle supplemented with pre- and probiotic ingredients
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Mackey, Shea, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Wiegand, Jacob, additional, Pickett, Autumn, additional, Batista, Luiz Fernando Dias, additional, Alhadas, Herlon, additional, Pacheco, Marcos, additional, Proctor, Jarret, additional, Block, Elliot, additional, and Brandão, Alice, additional
- Published
- 2021
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24. PSVIII-28 Dietary impacts on rumen, vaginal, and uterine environments in beef heifers
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Pickett, Autumn, primary, Cooke, Reinaldo F, additional, Brandão, Alice, additional, Colombo, Eduardo, additional, Mackey, Shea, additional, Filho, Ramiro Oliveira, additional, de Melo, Gabriela Dalmaso, additional, Poole, Rebecca K, additional, and Pohler, Ky G, additional
- Published
- 2021
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25. 80 Evaluation of extended release eprinomectin efficacy on multiparous beef cow performance
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Zammit, Laine, primary, Powell, Jermey G, additional, Cauble, Reagan N, additional, Lester, Toby D, additional, Lichtenwalter, Callan, additional, Herring, Ellen, additional, McGuire, Clay, additional, Pickett, Autumn T, additional, Wray, Eva, additional, and Tucker, Christopher, additional
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- 2020
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26. 164 The effects of energy and lasalocid supplementation on forage intake and energetics of cattle grazing wheat pasture
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Pickett, Autumn T, primary, Kegley, Elizabeth, additional, Beck, Paul A, additional, and Gunter, Stacey A, additional
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- 2020
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27. 79 Evaluation of extended release eprinomectin efficacy on multiparous beef cow performance
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Zammit, Laine, primary, Powell, Jermey G, additional, Cauble, Reagan N, additional, Lester, Toby D, additional, Lichtenwalter, Callan, additional, Herring, Ellen, additional, McGuire, Clay, additional, Pickett, Autumn T, additional, Wray, Eva, additional, and Tucker, Christopher, additional
- Published
- 2020
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28. Effects of moderate exercise regimen on reproductive development of replacement beef heifers reared in drylots at a high stocking density.
- Author
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Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Rahmel, Logan W., Mackey, Shea, Drewery, Mason, Cordero, Juan, Mackey, Teegan, Daigle, Courtney L., Martins, Thiago, and Harvey, Kelsey M.
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HEIFERS , *WATER withdrawals , *BODY weight , *DENSITY , *PEDOMETERS , *CHILD rearing - Abstract
This experiment evaluated growth and reproductive development of beef heifers reared at a high stocking density and provided with access to an exercise area. The experiment was replicated over 2 yr, with a total of 180 Angus x Brahman heifers. Each year, 90 heifers were ranked by age (264 ± 1 d) and body weight (BW; 200 ± 2 kg) on d 0, and assigned to a) 1 of 6 drylot pens (10 x 14 m pens; 10 heifers/pen) resulting in a stocking density of 14 m²/heifer (DENS), or b) 1 of 3 paddocks (2-ha paddocks; 10 heifers/paddock) resulting in a stocking density of 2,000 m²/heifer (CON). On d 15, 3 DENS pens were randomly selected and given access to an exercise area (DENS-EX) for 1 h three times weekly. Negligible forage was available for CON heifers, whereas all heifers received the same limit fed diet which averaged 13 kg/heifer daily of a corn-based diet. Heifer shrunk BW was recorded after 16 h of feed and water withdrawal on d -3 and 225 for BW gain calculation. Heifer temperament (chute score, exit velocity, and temperament score) were evaluated on d 0 and 225. Heifers were also fitted on d 0 with a pedometer behind their shoulder and an ear tag (CowManager, Select Sires, Plain City, OH) to record behavioral responses. Each week, pedometer results were recorded, and blood samples were collected for puberty evaluation via plasma progesterone. Heifers from CON had more (P < 0.05) steps per week compared with DENS and DENS-EX (23,973, 6,706, and 12,354 steps/week, respectively; SEM = 1,247), and DENS-EX heifers had more (P < 0.05) steps per week compared with DENS. Heifers from CON spent more (P < 0.05) time ruminating and eating compared with DENS and DENS-EX. No treatment effects (P > 0.91) were detected for heifer BW gain (0.820, 0.815, and 0.824 kg/d for CON, DENS, and DENS-EX, respectively; SEM = 0.016). Heifers from DENS had greater (P ≤ 0.05) exit velocity and temperament score on d 225 compared with DENS-EX and CON. Heifers from DENS experienced delayed puberty attainment (treatment x day; P < 0.01) compared with DENS-EX and CON. A greater (P ≤ 0.05) proportion of CON heifers were pubertal by day 105 compared with DENS and DENS-EX (30.0, 11.6, and 15.0%, respectively; SEM = 6.5), whereas a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of CON and DENS-EX heifers were pubertal by d 154 compared with DENS (61.7, 66.7, and 43.3%, respectively; SEM = 6.5). Results from this experiment demonstrate that providing heifers with an exercise area alleviated the negative effects associated with high stocking density on their reproductive development. This work is supported by the USDA-NIFA AFRI program (#2021-67015-34083). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Maternal pre- and post-partum supplementation of Bacillus-based DFM enhanced cow and calf performance.
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Izquierdo, Vinicius S., Cappellozza, Bruno I., Silva, João V. L., Santos, Giovanna C. M., Miranda, Andre, Bittar, João H. J., Pickett, Autumn, Mackey, Shea, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Vendramini, João M. B., and Moriel, Philipe
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HEIFERS ,ZEBUS ,CALVES ,COWS ,HUMORAL immunity ,CATTLE crossbreeding ,BLOOD sugar - Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation of Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) on physiology and growth performance of Bos indicus-influenced cow-calf pairs. On d 0 (~139 d before expected calving date), 72 fall-calving, Brangus crossbred beef heifers (25 to 37.5% Bos indicus; 20 to 22 mo of age) pregnant with their first offspring were stratified by their initial body weight (BW; 431 ± 31 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 6.0 ± 0.36; scale 1 to 9), and randomly allocated into 1 of 12 bahiagrass pastures (1 ha and 6 heifers per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (6 pastures per treatment) and consisted of heifers supplemented with 1 kg/d of soybean hulls dry matter (DM) added (BAC) or not (CON) with a Bacillus-based DFM mixture (BovacillusTM; Chr. Hansen A/S, Horsholm, Denmark) from d 0 to 242 (139 ± 4 d prepartum to 104 ± 4 d postpartum). Calves were weaned on d 242 (96 ± 30 d of age) and then allocated into 1 of 16 drylot pens and limit-fed the same concentrate at 3.25% of BW until d 319. Maternal treatment effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.29) for herbage allowance, forage nutritive value, and heifer activity on pasture. Heifer BCS on d 39 and 63 tended (P ≤ 0.09) to be greater, whereas heifer BCS on d 91 was greater (P = 0.01) for BAC vs. CON heifers and did not differ (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments on d 179 and 242. Plasma concentrations of glucose did not differ from d 0 to 63 (P ≥ 0.14) but were greater (P = 0.005) on d 179 and tended (P = 0.09) to be greater on d 242 for BAC vs. CON heifers. First offspring BW at birth, ADG from birth to early weaning, and BW weaning did not differ (P ≥ 0.19), but BW at drylot exit (d 319) was greater (P = 0.05) for BAC vs. CON calves. Maternal treatment effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.42) for calf serum concentrations of IgG at birth, and post-vaccination plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol and haptoglobin. However, serum titers against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were greater (P = 0.04) for BAC vs. CON calves on d 287, whereas seroconversion against parainfluenza 3 virus (PI-3) was greater (P < 0.01) for BAC vs. CON calves on d 271. Thus, maternal supplementation of Bacillus-based DFM increased prepartum BCS gain and postpartum plasma concentrations of glucose of heifers and led to positive carryover effects on post-weaning BW gain and some indicators of humoral immune response to vaccination in their first offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. PSVI-2 The effect of a recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxoid on the health and growth performance of high-risk, newly received stocker cattle metaphylactically treated with tilmicosin
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Pickett, Autumn T, primary, Ball, Jase, additional, Kegley, Elizabeth, additional, Blue, Ken, additional, Hagenmaier, Jacob A, additional, Reynolds, Jana, additional, and Powell, Jeremy, additional
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- 2019
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31. Analysis of the Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome in Newly Received Feedlot Heifers According to Subsequent Incidence of Bovine Respiratory Disease.
- Author
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Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Bicalho, Rodrigo, and Gouvea, Vinicius N.
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HEIFERS , *RESPIRATORY diseases , *MANNHEIMIA haemolytica , *BOS , *BEEF cattle , *DEGREES of freedom , *SPIROCHETES - Abstract
This study compared the relative abundance of bacteria in the upper respiratory tract (RT) of newly received feedlot heifers according to incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Angus-influenced heifers (n = 76) were transported for 1,100 km (11 h) to the feedlot (d -1). At feedlot arrival (d 0), heifers were weighed [initial shrunk body weight (BW) = 234 ± 15 kg] and a nasal swab collected for analysis of the upper RT microbiome. Heifers were ranked by arrival BW and allocated into 6 pens on d 1 where they remained until d 55. Heifers were evaluated daily for BRD signs (d 0 to 55), and a final shrunk BW was recorded on d 56 (16-h feed and water deprivation). Heifers were classified according to number of antimicrobial treatments for BRD received (0, 1, or ≥ 2), or according to time of first incidence of BRD signs [no incidence (NOBRD), early incidence (EARLY; 4.1 ± 0.1 d), or late incidence (LATE; 18.5 ± 9.6 d). All data were analyzed using heifer as the experimental unit, the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS and Satterthwaite approximation to determine the denominator degrees of freedom for tests of fixed effects. The first model statement included the number of BRD treatments received, the second model statement included the time of first incidence of BRD signs. Average daily gain decreased linearly (P = 0.04) according to number of BRD treatments and was less (P = 0.04) in LATE and tended (P = 0.08) to be less in EARLY compared with NOBRD heifers. The abundance of the phyla Tenericutes increased linearly (P < 0.01), while the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, Euryarchaeota, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) according to number of BRD treatments. Heifers classified as EARLY had greater (P = 0.01) abundance of Tenericutes and less (P = 0.03) abundance of Firmicutes compared with NOBRD, as well as less (P ≤ 0.03) abundance of Euryarchaeota and Chloroflexi compared with both NOBRD and LATE heifers. The abundance of the genera Mycoplasma increased linearly (P < 0.01) while the abundance of Corynebacterium, Blautia, Jeotgalicoccus, Clostridium, and Dietzia decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.03) according to number of BRD treatments. Heifers classified as NOBRD had less (P = 0.01) abundance of Mycoplasma compared with EARLY, and greater (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of Corynebacterium, Jeotgalicoccus, Dietzia, and Planomicrobium compared with EARLY and LATE heifers. Collectively, heifers that developed BRD had altered upper RT microbiome at the time of feedlot arrival compared with heifers that remained healthy, particularly increased prevalence of Tenericutes phylum and Mycoplasma genera. Such differences in upper RT microbiome were heightened in heifers that developed BRD shortly after arrival, or that required multiple antimicrobial treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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32. Supplementing Bovacillus to Newly Weaned Cattle During a 90-Day Grazing Period.
- Author
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Mackey, Shea, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Rahmel, Logan W., Colombo, Eduardo, Pickett, Autumn, Harvey, Kelsey M. M., Karisch, Brandi B., and Cappellozza, Bruno I.
- Subjects
GRAZING ,CATTLE ,BACILLUS subtilis ,BERMUDA grass ,MINERAL waters ,BODY weight - Abstract
This experiment compared performance, health, and physiological responses of weaned cattle receiving Bacillus subtilis derivative in a 90-d grazing period. Recently weaned Angus-influenced steers (n = 120) were obtained from an auction yard on d -1 and transported 150 km to research facility. Immediately after arrival on d -1, shrunk body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were grouped with access to native forage and water. On d 0, an additional body weight was recorded and combined with d -1 values to represent initial body weight (BW; 236 ± 2 kg). Steers were ranked according to initial BW and allocated to 1 of 12 pastures (4-ha pastures; 10 steers/pasture). Pastures were randomly assigned to receive daily supplementation with dried distillers grains at 1% of BW with either: 1) Bacillus subtilis ingredient (BOV; 2 g/steer daily of Bovacillus; Chr Hansen A/S, Horsholm, Denmark), or 2) no additive (CON). Cattle received treatments for the duration of the experiment (d 0 to d 90) while housed in pastures containing stockpiled native forage, primarily Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum dilatatum, as well as free-choice access to water and a commercial mineral + vitamin mix not including ionophores. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs were assessed daily throughout the experimental period. Steer unshrunk BW was recorded on d 14, 28, 56, and 90 and shrunk BW recorded on d 91 added 8% shrink as final BW. Blood samples and fecal swabs were collected from all steers on d 0, 14, 28, 56, and 90. Average daily gain (ADG) was increased in BOV groups compared with CON (0.858 and 0.760 kg/d, respectively) from d 56 to d 90 (P = 0.09) although this BW gain was not sufficient to impact final BW. Steer BW did not differ between treatments for all days (P = 0.43). Incidence of BRD was within the expected range for high-risk stocker cattle, although the number of sick animals was not reduced due to BOV supplementation (P = 1.00). Steers not completing the trial due to health-related complications tended to be increased in CON vs. BOV (P = 0.08). Differences in percentage of steers not completing the experiment, in conjunction with treatment effects for ADG in the final third of the experiment, increased the production total BW per BOV pasture by 43% (790 vs. 550 kg BW change; P = 0.02). Bacillus subtilis supplementation was effective in increasing production BWt during a 90-d grazing period despite no observed difference in BRD incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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33. Influence of Differing Levels of Concentrate on Circulating Cytokine Concentrations in Beef Heifers.
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Stockland, Erin, Smith, Molly S., Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F., and Poole, Rebecca K.
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HEIFERS ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,CYTOKINES ,INTERFERON gamma ,MAGIC squares ,BLOOD plasma - Abstract
Components of the immune system, such as cytokines and chemokines, can influence female reproductive efficiency. Recently, studies have begun to characterize the influence of nutrition on cytokines and reproductive function. Characterizing the influence of nutritional components on shifting circulating cytokine concentrations will allow for a better understanding of reproductive efficiency in cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diet composition on cytokine concentrations in blood plasma in beef heifers. Using a 3 x 3 Latin square design, fifteen rumen-cannulated, pubertal Bos taurus-influenced heifers were fed a diet based on ranging concentrate percentages. Their treatment period consisted of 28-day feeding periods with a washout interval of 21 days. The treatment groups were fed 100% grass hay (high forage; HF), 60% grass hay with 40% corn-based concentrate (intermediate; INT), and 25% grass hay with 75% corn-based concentrate (high grain; HG) within their respective treatment group. Heifers were offered 2% of their body weight daily. Blood was collected on days 0 and 28 of the treatment period for cytokine analysis. Plasma cytokine concentrations were quantified using RayBiotech Quantibody Bovine Cytokine Array Q1 kit according to manufacturer instructions. Data analysis was conducted using orthogonal contrasts (linear and quadratic) with day 0 as independent covariates and heifers as the experimental unit. There were no significant quadratic contrasts. Concentrations of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) linearly decreased with an increased concentrate diet (P = 0.04). Concentrations of IP10 significantly differed for heifers consuming the HF diet versus the HG diet (3,069.5 ± 672.2 vs. 1,001.8 ± 669.3 pg/mL, respectively) and heifers consuming the INT diet versus the HG diet (2,886.8 ± 665.6 vs. 1,001.8 ± 669.3 pg/mL, respectively); however, there were no significant differences in IP10 concentrations between the HF and INT heifers. Interferon-gamma (IFNg) concentrations significantly differed between feeding periods with period 2 having the least circulating concentrations when compared with periods 1 and 3 (5.2 ± 66.2 vs. 183.4 ± 68.4 and 221.3 ± 67.8 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). Additionally, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) significantly differed by period with period 2 having the least circulating concentrations compared with periods 1 and 3 (862.2 ± 285.4 vs. 1675.8 ± 283.4 and 1,170.8 ± 286.9 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). Interestingly, both IP10 and MIG are chemokines, or small cytokines with chemotactic functions, that are secreted by immune cells in response to IFNg. Results suggest that heifers consuming a high concentrate diet have decreased concentrations of circulating cytokines, specifically IP10. Additionally, in the current study, cytokines that were influenced were associated with IFNg. Further research is necessary to better comprehend the dietary influence on the immune system in developing heifers and how this is associated with reproductive efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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34. 172 Effect of energy and lasalocid supplementation on stocker cattle performance grazing winter-wheat pasture
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Pickett, Autumn, primary and Gunter, Stacey, additional
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- 2019
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35. Administering the maternal bovine appeasing substance improves overall productivity and health in high-risk cattle during a 60-d feedlot receiving period
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Pickett, Autumn T, Cooke, Reinaldo F, de Souza, Izadora S, and Mackey, Shea J
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This experiment evaluated health, physiological, and performance responses of high-risk cattle administered the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS) during feedlot receiving. Angus-influenced, newly weaned male calves (n= 120) were purchased from an auction facility. Calves arrived at the research feedyard on day −1 and body weight (BW) was recorded upon arrival (199 ± 1 kg). Calves were ranked by arrival BW and received 1 of 2 treatments prior to initial processing (day 0): (1) 10 mL of an mBAS (Ferappease; FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals; College Station, TX) or (2) 10 mL of mineral oil (CON; placebo). Treatments were applied topically to the nuchal skin area (5 mL) and above the muzzle (5 mL). Calves were vaccinated against Clostridiumand respiratory pathogens, dewormed, implanted, band-castrated, and received metaphylaxis at initial processing, and then distributed into 10 drylot pens according to arrival BW and treatment (n= 12 calves/pen, 5 pens/treatment). Calves were reapplied treatments (mBAS or CON) concurrently with booster vaccination on d 14. Feed intake and incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were recorded daily. Blood and hair samples from the tail-switch were collected on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 60 for analysis of physiological variables. Calves were sampled for nasal microbiota analysis via swab on days 0, 14, and 28. Final shrunk BW was recorded on day 61 after 16 h of feed and water restriction. Calf BW gain and final BW did not differ between treatments (P≥ 0.40). Incidence of BRD was similar (P= 0.99) between mBAS and CON (56.7% for both treatments; SEM = 6.45). A greater (P= 0.04) proportion of mBAS calves diagnosed with BRD required a single antibiotic treatment to regain health (70.6 vs. 47.0%; SEM = 8.32), and mortality was greater (P= 0.03) in CON calves diagnosed with BRD (17.6 vs. 2.94%; SEM = 5.133). Relative abundance of Mycoplasmain nasal microbiota was reduced (P= 0.04) in mBAS calves compared with CON (34.7 vs. 27.4%; SEM = 2.35). Cortisol concentration in hair from the tail-switch was less (P= 0.01) on day 28 for mBAS calves compared with CON. Administering mBAS improved (P = 0.04) total pen-based liveweight change during the experiment (498 vs. 309 kg/pen; SEM = 65.2) and final pen-based total liveweight (2,676 vs. 2,484 kg/pen; SEM = 65.4). Administration of mBAS to high-risk cattle decreased physiological stress markers, reduced mortality, and increased pen-based productivity during a 60-d receiving period.Beef cattle are exposed to several stressors during the initial days in the feedlot, which impair their immunity and lead to bovine respiratory disease. This study evaluated the maternal bovine appeasing substance, an analogue of the bovine appeasing pheromone, as a strategy to alleviate such stressors and improve health and productivity of feedlot cattle.Beef cattle are exposed to several stressors during the initial days in the feedlot, which impair their immunity and lead to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Strategies to mitigate stress upon feedlot arrival are warranted, including administration of the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS). The mBAS is a mixture of fatty acids that replicate the composition of the original bovine appeasing pheromone. Administering mBAS has been shown to alleviate the physiological consequences elicited by stressful management procedures in beef cattle. In this study, male beef calves were purchased from a commercial auction facility soon after weaning, transported to the research feedyard, and assigned initial processing within a 48-h period. Calves were castrated and received a metaphylactic antibiotic treatment during initial processing, which are relevant management practices in US feedyards. In general, mBAS administration at initial processing and 14 d later decreased physiological stress markers, improved immunity parameters, and reduced mortality by 83% during a 60-d feedlot receiving period. Calf growth and BRD incidence were not affected, but the reduced mortality from mBAS administration increased total liveweight production by the end of the experiment. Therefore, this study provides additional evidence of the benefits from administering mBAS to beef cattle upon feedlot arrival.
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- 2024
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36. Supplementing a Bacillus-based probiotic to high-risk stocker cattle
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Mackey, Shea J, Cooke, Reinaldo F, Pickett, Autumn T, Cappellozza, Bruno I, Harvey, Kelsey M, and Karisch, Brandi B
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This experiment evaluated the performance, health, and physiological responses of high-risk steers receiving a Bacillus-based probiotic during a 90-d grazing period. A total of 240 Angus-influenced steers were used in this experiment that was replicated over 2 yr (120 steers/year). Each year, steers were obtained from an auction yard and transported to the experimental facility (120 km). Steer body weight (BW) was recorded at arrival (day −1), and this value was averaged with BW recorded on day 0 to represent the initial BW (236.6 ± 1.5 kg). On day 0, steers were ranked by BW and allocated to 1 of 12 pastures with stockpiled native grass (4-ha pastures; 10 steers/pasture). Pastures were randomly assigned to receive daily supplementation with dried distillers’ grains at 1% of BW containing either: 1) Bacillus subtilis+ B. licheniformisprobiotic (BOV; 2 g/steer daily of Bovacillus; Novonesis, Horsholm, Denmark) or 2) no feed additive (CON). Cattle received treatments from days 0 to 90, in addition to free-choice access to water and mineral + vitamin mix without ionophore. Steers were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs daily. Blood samples were collected and full BW was recorded on days 0, 14, 28, 56, and 90. Shrunk BW was recorded on day 91 after 16 h of feed and water restriction, and a 4% pencil shrink was used to calculate the final BW. Average daily gain (ADG) was calculated based on initial and final BW. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.73) for steer final BW and ADG. A treatment × day interaction was detected (P ≤ 0.05) for plasma haptoglobin concentration, which was greater for CON steers on days 14 and 28 (P≤ 0.02). Incidence of BRD signs did not differ (P = 0.97) between treatments (51.7% and 51.3% for BOV and CON, respectively; SEM = 7.70). However, steer mortality + removals for health complications were greater (P= 0.01) in CON compared to BOV (0.00% vs. 5.04%, respectively; SEM = 1.41). Supplementing BOV improved (P ≤ 0.04) total pasture-based liveweight change (643 vs. 502 kg/pasture, respectively; SEM = 45) and final pasture-based total liveweight (3,007 vs. 2,869 kg/pasture, respectively; SEM = 46). Collectively, supplementation with a probiotic based on B. subtilisand B. licheniformisto high-risk stocker cattle did not alleviate the incidence of BRD signs nor improved ADG, but decreased acute-phase protein response, reduced steer mortality + removal, and increased pasture-based productivity during a 90-d grazing period.Stocker cattle are exposed to several stressors within a short period of time, which impair their immunity and lead to bovine respiratory disease. This study evaluated a Bacillus-based probiotic supplement to improve immunity and productivity of high-risk stocker cattle.Stocker cattle are exposed to several stressors within a short period of time, which impair their immunity and lead to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). With the increased regulations regarding the use of antimicrobials in cattle nutrition, novel dietary strategies to improve health and productivity of stocker cattle are warranted. One example is supplementing Bacillus-based probiotics, which promote performance and immunity in high-stress cattle. In this study, steers were purchased from a commercial auction yard soon after weaning, transported to the research facility, and assigned initial processing within a 48-h period. Steers were assigned to pastures and were supplemented or not with the Bacillus-based probiotic during a 90-d grazing period. In general, supplementing steers with the Bacillus-based probiotic did not impact growth rates or BRD incidence. However, no steers that received the Bacillus-based probiotic died from BRD consequences nor were removed from the experiment due to health reasons, whereas 5% of unsupplemented steers did not complete the 90-d experiment. Consequently, pasture-based liveweight gain was increased by 28% due to Bacillus-based probiotic supplementation. Results from this study indicate that supplementing a B. subtilis + B. licheniformis probiotic could be an alternative to improve the health and overall productivity of high-risk stocker cattle.
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- 2024
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37. Maternal pre- and postpartum supplementation of a Bacillus-based DFM enhanced cow and calf performance
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Izquierdo, Vinicius S, Cappellozza, Bruno I, Silva, João V L, Santos, Giovanna C M, Miranda, André, Bittar, João H J, Pickett, Autumn, Mackey, Shea, Cooke, Reinaldo F, Vendramini, João M B, and Moriel, Philipe
- Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on the physiology and growth performance of Bos indicus-influenced cow–calf pairs. On day 0 (~139 d before expected calving date), 72 fall-calving, Brangus crossbred beef heifers (20 to 22 mo of age) pregnant with first offspring were stratified by their initial body weight (BW; 431 ± 31 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 6.0 ± 0.36; scale 1 to 9), and randomly allocated into 1 of 12 bahiagrass pastures (1 ha and six heifers per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (six pastures per treatment) and consisted of heifers supplemented with 1 kg/d of soybean hulls (dry matter, DM) that was added (BAC) or not (CON) with DFM containing Bacillus subtilisand B. licheniformis(Bovacillus; Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark). Treatments were provided from days 0 to 242 (139 ± 4 d prepartum to 104 ± 4 d postpartum). Calves were weaned on day 242 (96 ± 30 d of age) and then allocated into 1 of 16 drylot pens and fed the same concentrate at 3.25% of BW (DM) until day 319. Maternal treatment effects were not detected (P≥ 0.29) for herbage allowance and forage chemical composition. Heifer BCS on days 39 and 63 tended (P ≤ 0.09) to be greater for BAC vs. CON heifers, whereas heifer BCS on day 91 was greater (P= 0.01) for BAC vs. CON heifers. Heifer BCS did not differ (P≥ 0.20) between treatments on days 179 and 242. Plasma glucose concentration did not differ from days 0 to 63 (P≥ 0.14) but were greater (P< 0.01) on day 179 and tended (P= 0.09) to be greater on day 242 for BAC vs. CON heifers. Calf BW at birth, ADG from birth to weaning, and BW at weaning did not differ (P≥ 0.19) between treatments, but calf BW at drylot exit (day 319) was greater (P= 0.05) for BAC vs. CON calves. Maternal treatment effects were not detected (P≥ 0.42) for calf serum concentration of IgG at birth and postvaccination plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol, and haptoglobin. Serum titers against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were greater (P= 0.04) for BAC vs. CON calves on day 287, whereas seroconversion against parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3) was greater (P< 0.01) for BAC vs. CON calves on day 271. Thus, maternal supplementation of a Bacillus-based DFM increased prepartum BCS gain and postpartum plasma glucose concentration of heifers and led to positive carryover effects on postweaning BW gain and humoral immune response in their offspring.Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials offered during late gestation and early lactation of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers increased maternal body condition score at calving and led to positive effects on growth and humoral immune function in their offspring.Direct-fed microbials (DFM), such as Bacillusspp., have been shown to produce a wide variety of enzymes related to nutrient digestion and to support gastrointestinal tract immune function and integrity, leading to increased nutrient digestibility and cattle performance. Nutritional management of beef cows during gestation and early lactation has been associated with enhanced future offspring growth performance and immune response following birth. The present study combined the use of Bacillus-based DFM for pregnant heifers during critical production stages (late gestation and early lactation) to promote the overall performance of heifers and their offspring. Heifers offered Bacillus-based DFM had greater body condition score at calving and postpartum plasma concentration of glucose, whereas their offspring had similar body weight at birth, but greater growth performance when fed relatively high amounts of protein and energy in drylot compared to cohorts born from heifers that did not receive Bacillus-based DFM supplementation.
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- 2024
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38. Multiple administrations of bovine-appeasing substance during a 42-d preconditioning program followed by feedlot receiving and its effects on physiologic, health, and performance responses of feeder cattle
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Kvamme, Keenan, Marques, Rodrigo S, Alves Cruz, Vinicius, Limede Cintra, Arnaldo, Ogg, Makayla Anne, McCoski, Sarah R, Posbergh, Christian J, Bradbery, Amanda N, Mercadante, Vitor R G, Mackey, Shea J, Pickett, Autumn T, and Cooke, Reinaldo F
- Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of multiple bovine-appeasing substance (BAS) administration during a 42-d preconditioning program followed by a feedlot receiving period on productivity, health, and physiological variables of feeder cattle. Ninety calves were weaned, weighed, loaded into a livestock trailer, transported for 70 km, and unloaded at the Bozeman Agricultural Research and Teaching Farm for a 42-d preconditioning program. Upon arrival, calf body weight (BW) was recorded again, and both pre- and post-transport BWs were averaged and used as calf weaning initial BW. Calves were ranked by BW, sex, and age in a completely randomized design and assigned to receive 1) multiple administrations of BAS at weaning (day 0), days 14, 28, and before transport and feedlot entry (day 42; BAS; RSEA Group, Quartier Salignan, France; n= 9 pens/treatment), or 2) placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n= 9 pens/treatment). Treatments (5 mL) were applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal during the preconditioning period. Calves within treatment groups were ranked again by initial BW, sex, and age, in a manner that pens have similar initial BW, age, and three steers and two heifers and allocated to 1 of the18 drylot pens. On day 42, calves were combined within the treatment group, loaded into two different single double-deck commercial livestock trailers, and transported for 1,000 km (approximately 16 h). Upon arrival (day 43), calves were unloaded at the same feedyard. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 43, 46, 50, 57, 64, and 90. Average daily gain, final BW, and feed efficiency did not differ (P> 0.52) between BAS and CON calves in the preconditioning and receiving phases. A treatment × day interaction was detected (P< 0.001) for plasma haptoglobin concentrations, which was greater (P< 0.01) in CON on days 3 and 7 vs. BAS calves. During the preconditioning phase, serum NEFA concentration was reduced (P< 0.01) in BAS on day 3 compared with CON calves. A treatment × day interaction was detected (P= 0.001) for exit velocity, which was greater (P< 0.001) for CON vs. BAS calves on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 during the preconditioning phase and on day 46 of the receiving phase. Therefore, Applications of BAS reduced immunological responses and exit velocity associated with stress caused by management practices, but did not improve performance during the preconditioning and receiving phases.Multiple administrations of a bovine-appeasing substance to recently weaned calves diminished an acute-phase response and exit velocity but did not improve performance during the preconditioning and receiving phase.To mitigate stress caused by inevitable management practices and to enhance cattle health, a preconditioning program is recommended from weaning to feedlot entry. This experiment evaluated the effects of multiple bovine-appeasing substance (BAS) administrations during a preconditioning program followed by feedlot receiving on productivity and health. Applications of BAS diminished immune responses and exit velocity associated with stress caused by management practices, whereas they did not benefit performance during the preconditioning and receiving phases.
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- 2024
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39. Effects of a moderate exercise regimen on development and puberty attainment of beef heifers reared in drylots at a high stocking density
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Harvey, Kelsey M, Cooke, Reinaldo F, Pickett, Autumn T, Cordero, Juan, Drewery, Mason E, Rahmel, Logan W, Daigle, Courtney L, Martins, Thiago, and Mackey, Shea J
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This experiment evaluated growth, physiological responses, and puberty attainment in beef heifers reared in drylots with a high stocking density, and provided or not with a moderate exercise regimen. A total of 180 heifers (75% Angus × 25% Brahman) were used in this experiment replicated over 2 yr. Each year, 90 heifers were ranked by age (264 ± 1 d) and body weight (BWon day −3; 200 ± 2 kg) on day 0, and assigned to a) one of six drylot pens (10 × 14 m pens; 10 heifers per pen) with a stocking density of 14 m2/heifer (DENS), or b) one of three pastures (2-ha pastures; 10 heifers per pasture) with a stocking density of 2,000 m2/heifer (CON). Beginning on day 15, three DENS pens were given access to an exercise area (DENS-EX) 3 times/wk (1 h). Negligible forage was available for CON, whereas heifers from all treatments received the same limit-fed diet (~13 kg/heifer daily). Shrunk BW was recorded after 16 h of feed and water withdrawal on days −3 and 225 to calculate BW gain. Temperament was evaluated on days 0, 128, and 224. Heifers were fitted with a pedometer behind their shoulder on day 0 to record physical activity. Pedometer results and blood samples were collected weekly for progesterone analysis. Hair samples from the tail switch were collected every 28 d. Data were analyzed with pen or pasture as an experimental unit, via ANOVA using the MIXED or GLIMMIX procedures of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Heifers from CON had more (P< 0.01) steps per week compared with DENS and DENS-EX (23,973, 6,706, and 12,354 steps/wk, respectively; SEM = 1,247), and DENS-EX heifers had more (P< 0.01) steps per week compared with DENS. No treatment effects (P≥ 0.91) were detected for heifer BW gain (~0.820 kg/d). Hair cortisol concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in DENS and DENS-EX compared with CON beginning on day 56. Exit velocity and temperament score were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in DENS compared with DENS-EX and CON on day 224. Puberty attainment was delayed (treatment × day; P< 0.01) in DENS compared with DENS-EX and CON. A greater (P ≤ 0.05) proportion of CON were pubertal by day 105 compared with DENS and DENS-EX (30.0%, 11.6%, and 15.0%, respectively; SEM = 6.5), while a greater (P< 0.05) proportion of CON and DENS-EX were pubertal by day 154 compared to DENS (61.7%, 66.7%, and 43.3%, respectively; SEM = 6.5). Rearing replacement heifers in drylots with high stocking density has detrimental effects on their puberty attainment, and the moderate exercise regimen partially alleviated this negative outcome.Beef heifers reared in drylots with high stocking density experience less physical activity, increased chronic stress responses, and delayed puberty compared with cohorts reared on pasture. Therefore, this experiment evaluated whether a moderate exercise regimen will alleviate stress responses and hasten the reproductive development of beef heifers reared in drylots.Replacement beef heifers are often reared in drylots with high stocking density to facilitate feeding and management, or to intensify beef production as availability of grazing areas becomes limited. Studies from our group, however, demonstrated that drylot heifers experience delayed puberty attainment compared with heifers reared on pastures. This negative outcome was associated with chronic stress caused by confinement and restricted physical activity; the latter being a key animal welfare factor with direct effects on reproductive development. Based on this rationale, this experiment evaluated growth, stress-related physiological responses, and puberty attainment heifers reared in drylots and exposed or not to a moderate exercise regimen. Moreover, drylot heifers were compared to contemporary cohorts being reared on pasture. As expected, heifers reared in drylots experienced heightened stress-related physiological responses and delayed puberty attainment compared to pasture heifers. Exposing drylot heifers to the moderate exercise regimen did not alleviate the physiological consequences of chronic stress, but lessened the delay in puberty attainment compared with non-exercised drylot cohorts. Therefore, stocking density and exercise opportunities should be considered to improve heifer welfare and reproductive development in intensive drylot systems, as lack of exercise directly contributes to delayed reproductive development of drylot heifers.
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- 2024
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40. Supplementing Ca Salts of Soybean Oil Via Low-Moisture Molasses-Based Blocks to Improve Reproductive Performance and Overall Productivity of Beef Cows.
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Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Gonçalves, Lucas, Burato, Samir, Holton, Mark, Dias, Nicholas Wege, Pancini, Stefania, Redifer, Tracey, Clark-Deener, Sherrie, Currin, John, Stewart, Jamie L., Fontes, Pedro L. P., and Mercadante, Vitor R. G.
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SOY oil , *CATTLE reproduction , *COWS , *ESTRUS , *BINOMIAL distribution , *MISCARRIAGE , *ARTIFICIAL insemination , *MILKFAT , *BEEF - Abstract
This experiment evaluated reproductive and productive responses of beef cows receiving self-fed low-moisture blocks (LMB) enriched or not with Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) throughout the breeding season. Non-pregnant, suckling multiparous Angusinfluenced cows (n = 554) were assigned to a fixedtime artificial insemination (AI) protocol (day -10 to 0) followed by natural service (day 15 to 70). Cows were managed in 12 groups (46 ± 4 cows/group) maintained in individual pastures, and groups received LMB enriched with 25% (as-fed basis) of CSSO or ground corn (CON) from day -10 to 100. Both treatments were designed to yield a daily LMB intake of 0.454 kg/cow (as-fed basis). Groups were enrolled in an estrus-synchronization + fixed-time AI protocol from day -10 to 0 (AI occurred on day 0) of the experiment and beginning 15 days after AI cows were exposed to mature Angus bulls for 55 d. Pregnancy status was verified on day 55 and 100 of the experiment, and cows that gave birth during the initial two weeks were considered pregnant to fixed-time AI. Calf birthdate and weight was recorded during the subsequent breeding season. All calves were weaned at the same time, and a calf BW and age were recorded. Blood samples were also collected from a subsample of cows on days -10, 0 (fixed-time AI), and 55 (pregnancy diagnosis). All data were analyzed using group as the experimental unit and Satterthwaite approximation to determine the denominator df for the tests of fixed effects. Quantitative data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS, and binary data analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with a binomial distribution and logit link function. Data were analyzed with group (treatment x location), cow(group), and location as random variables. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies were determined if P > 0.05 and ≤ 0.10. Cows receiving CSSO had greater (P < 0.01) mean concentrations of ω-6 fatty acids in plasma samples collected on days 0 and 55. Cows receiving CSSO had greater (P = 0.05) pregnancy rate to fixed-time AI (67.2 vs. 59.3%), whereas final pregnancy rate did not differ (P = 0.92) between treatments. Pregnancy loss was less (P = 0.03) in CSSO cows (4.50 vs. 9.04%), which also calved earlier during the calving season (treatment x week; P = 0.04). Weaning rate tended to be greater (P = 0.09) in CSSO (84.8 vs. 79.4%), although calf weaning age and weight did not differ (P ≥ 0.72) between treatments. Kilos of calf weaned/cow exposed was greater (P = 0.04) in CSSO cows (234 vs. 215 kg). Therefore, supplementing CSSO to beef cows via LMB during the breeding season improved their reproductive and overall productivity during a cow-calf cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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41. Effects of Moderate Exercise Regimen on Reproductive Development of Replacement Beef Heifers Reared in Drylots at a High Stocking Density.
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Rahmel, Logan W., Cooke, Reinaldo F., Mackey, Shea, Pickett, Autumn, Colombo, Eduardo, Drewery, Mason, Cordero, Juan, Daigle, Courtney L., and Harvey, Kelsey M. M.
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HEIFERS ,WATER withdrawals ,DENSITY ,BODY weight ,PEDOMETERS ,CHILD rearing - Abstract
This experiment evaluated the physiological and reproductive responses of beef heifers reared at a high stocking density and provided with access to an exercise area. Ninety Angus × Brahman heifers were ranked by age (257 ± 2 days), body weight (BW; 216 ± 2 kg), and temperament score on day 0 and assigned to a) 1 of 6 drylot pens (10x14 m pens; 10 heifers/pen) resulting in a stocking density of 14 m2/heifer (DENS), or b) 1 of 3 paddocks (2-ha paddocks; 10 heifers/paddock) resulting in a stocking density of 2,000 m2/heifer (CON). On day 15, 3 DENS pens were randomly selected and given access to an exercise area (DENS-EX) for 1 hour three times weekly. Negligible forage was available for CON heifers, whereas all heifers received the same limit fed diet which averaged 13 kg/heifer daily of a corn-based diet. Heifer shrunk BW was recorded after 16 h of feed and water withdrawal on days -3 and 225 for average daily gain calculation. On day 0, heifers were fitted with a pedometer behind their shoulder and an ear tag (CowManager, Select Sires, Plain City, OH) to record behavioral responses. Each week, pedometer results were recorded, and blood samples were collected for puberty evaluation via plasma progesterone. Heifers from CON had more (P < 0.05) steps per week compared with DENS and DENS-EX, and DENS-EX heifers had more (P < 0.05) steps per week compared with DENS. Heifers from CON spent more (P < 0.05) time ruminating and eating compared with DENS and DENS-EX. No treatment effects (P = 0.12) were detected for heifer BW gain or temperament variables. Heifers from DENS experienced delayed puberty attainment given a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of CON heifers were pubertal by day 98 compared with DENS and DENS-EX, whereas a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of DENS-EX heifers were pubertal by day 154 compared with DENS heifers (treatment × day interaction, P < 0.01). Collectively, results from this experiment demonstrate that providing heifers reared at a high stocking density access to an exercise area does not result in similar reproductive responses as those reared on pasture at a low stocking density. This work is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (#2021-67015-34083). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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42. Bakery Waste Supplementation to Late Gestating Bos Indicus-Influenced Beef Cows Successfully Impacted Offspring Postnatal Performance.
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de Souza Izquierdo, Vinicius, Silva, Joao, Palmer, Elizabeth, Ranches, Juliana, Bittar, Joao, Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Vendramini, Joao, and Moriel, Philipe
- Subjects
HEIFERS ,COWS ,BOS ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,HUMORAL immunity ,RESPIRATORY syncytial virus - Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and immune function of Bos indicus-influenced offspring born to cows offered prepartum supplementation of bakery waste containing 2 concentrations of crude fat. On day 0 (~90 d before calving), 108 Brangus crossbred cows were stratified by body weight (BW; 551 ± 65 kg) and body condition score (BCS, 5.5 ± 0.9) and were randomly allocated into 1 of 18 bahiagrass pastures (6 cows and 4.3 ha/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (6 pastures/treatment) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation (NOSUP) and 1 kg/d of low-fat (LFAT; 6.4% crude fat) or high-fat (HFAT; 10.7% crude fat) bakery waste-based supplement from day 0 to 70. Calves were weaned on day 292. Then, 15 heifers/treatment were randomly selected, acclimated for 7 d, and assigned to drylot pens from day 300 to 345. Heifers were vaccinated against respiratory pathogens on days 300 and 315. Cow BCS on day 70 was the least (P ≤ 0.05) for NOSUP cows and did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) between LFAT and HFAT cows. Cow BCS on day 140 (start of breeding season) was greater (P = 0.05) for HFAT vs. NOSUP cows and intermediate (P ≥ 0.35) for LFAT cows. Plasma concentrations of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in HFAT cows did not differ (P ≥ 0.76) compared with LFAT cows on day 70, were greater (P ≤ 0.05) compared with NOSUP cows on day 70 and were the greatest on day 140 (P ≤ 0.05). Percentage of cows pregnant on day 292 did not differ (P ≥ 0.26) among treatments but more HFAT cows calved (P ≤ 0.05) their second offspring from day 429 to 450 compared with NOSUP and LFAT cows. First offspring BW on day 292 were greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for LFAT calves and least for NOSUP calves. Maternal treatments did not impact (P ≥ 0.11) post-weaning average daily gain (ADG) and total DM intake. Average plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.03) for NOSUP vs. HFAT heifers and intermediate for LFAT heifers (P ≥ 0.26). Final serum titers against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were greater (P ≤ 0.08) for LFAT vs. HFAT heifers and intermediate (P ≥ 0.27) for NOSUP heifers. Therefore, crude fat concentration in bakery waste offered to late-gestating beef cows had variable effects on offspring performance. Lowfat bakery waste led to greatest offspring preweaning growth whereas high-fat bakery waste enhanced maternal reproductive success and offspring post-weaning humoral immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Effects of Supplementing Pre- and Pro-Biotic Feed Ingredients on Performance, Health, and Physiological Responses in Feedlot Cattle.
- Author
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Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Colombo, Eduardo, Batista, Luis Fernando, and Brandão, Alice P.
- Subjects
- *
FEEDLOTS , *BEEF cattle , *HEALTH of cattle , *ANIMAL health , *LIVER abscesses , *BACILLUS subtilis , *TYLOSIN - Abstract
This experiment examined the effects of a synbiotic supplement (yeast-derived prebiotic + Bacillus subtilis probiotic), which replaced or was fed with feed-grade antimicrobials (monensin and tylosin), on performance and health responses of feedlot cattle. Angus-influenced steers (n = 192) from 4 different sources were weaned and transported 800 km to an experimental feedlot. Steers arrived on d 0 and a shrunk body weight (BW) was recorded. Steers were then ranked by source and shrunk BW and allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (8 steers/pen). Steers a received free-choice diet of 3 treatments: 1) monensin and tylosin (RT; 360 mg/steer/day from Rumensin and 90 mg/steer/day from Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), 2) yeast-derived ingredient and B. subtilis probiotic (CC;8 g·steer-1·day-1 of Celmanax and 28 g·steer-1·day-1 of Certillus; Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ), or 3) a combination of RT and CC (RTCC). Animals were adapted to diets in a stepwise manner which consisted of a receiving diet (d 0 to 56), two step-up diets (step-up: d 57 to 63; step-up 2: d 64 to 70), and a final diet (d 71 to slaughter). The cattle were slaughtered in four groups according to BW and balanced by treatments. More specifically, 33 steers were slaughtered on d 200, 33 steers on d 230, 63 steers on d 257, and 63 steers on d 285. Upon slaughter, hot carcass weight, backfat thickness, Longissimus muscle area, USDA marbling score, USDA yield/quality grades, and liver abscess score were recorded. Overall, feed intake during the duration of the experimental period (d 0 to slaughter) was greater (P < 0.01) in CC compared with RT and RTCC. However, no differences were observed for ADG (P = 0.61), final BW (P = 0.67), or morbidity (P = 0.15). With increases in intake but no differences in ADG the CC group had lower feed efficiency (P = 0.02) when compared with RT and RTCC. Upon slaughter, CC had higher marbling scores compared with RT (P = 0.04). Both the CC and RTCC cattle had larger Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.07) and more carcasses grading choice or better (P < 0.01) when compared with RT. Whereas, hot carcass weight, backfat thickness, and yield grade did not differ among treatments (P = 0.20). There was tendency observed for liver abscesses (P = 0.09) to be greater in CC compared with RT and RTCC. Overall, supplementing feedlot steers with RT and CC improved feed intake and some carcass measures despite the decreased feed efficiency experienced by these cattle but combining CC and RT did not yield any additional performance or health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Supplemented with Yucca Schidigera Extract to Feedlot Cattle Consuming Diets with or Without Monensin.
- Author
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Mackey, Shea, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Pickett, Autumn, Mendes, Egleu, Batista, Luis Fernando, and Colombo, Eduardo
- Subjects
CATTLE nutrition ,MONENSIN ,BEEF cattle ,MAGIC squares ,ANIMAL health ,BODY weight - Abstract
This experiment compared performance and physiological responses of feedlot cattle receiving a saponin containing feed ingredient manufactured from purified extract of Yucca schidigera [Micro-Aid (MA); DPI Global, Porterville, CA] which replaced or was fed in conjunction with feed-grade antimicrobials. Yearling, Angus-influenced steers (n = 20) arrived at the experimental feedlot on d -19 and a shrunk body weight (BW; 309 ± 4 kg) was immediately recorded. Steers were ranked by BW and allocated to 4 groups of 30 steers each. Groups were housed in of 4 drylot pens equipped with GrowSafe automated feeding systems (4 bunks/pen) during the experiment (d -15 to 69). On d 0 groups were randomly assigned to receive a total mixed ration containing: monensin and tylosin (RT; 360 mg/steer daily from Rumensin and 90 mg/steer daily from Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) and/or 4 g/steer daily of MA in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. During the experimental period non-supplemented (CON) steers received a total mixed ration containing no additives. Individual feed intake was recorded daily, and steer BW was recorded every 28 d and before slaughter. Steers were slaughtered according to BW and slaughter groups were balanced by treatments (36 steers on d 120, 36 steers on d 146, and 48 steers on d 174). Carcass traits were recorded upon slaughter. On d 55 eight rumen-cannulated heifers were housed with yearling steers (1 pair/pen). Pairs rotated among groups every 21 d, resulting in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design (n = 8 per treatment) with a 5-day washout between rotations. Rumen fluid was collected from pairs on d 55, 75, 90,110, 125, 145, 160, and 180 (beginning and end of each 21-day rotation) and pH was recorded immediately after collection. No RT × MA treatment interactions were detected (P > 0.10). Feed intake was decreased (P < 0.01) in steers receiving RT, whereas feed efficiency was greater (P = 0.02) in steers receiving RT. Carcass variables including hot carcass weight, backfat thickness, Longissimus muscle area, marbling, yield grade, and percent of carcasses grading choice or better did not differ among treatments (P = 0.17). Rumen fluid pH was greater (P = 0.04) in steers receiving RT. Steers receiving MA had greater (P = 0.03) rumen fluid pH and decreased (P = 0.04) rumen fluid viscosity. Collectively, supplementing feedlot cattle with Yucca schidigera extract improved rumen pH and viscosity, but failed to impact performance or carcass measures in feedlot cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Productive and Physiological Responses of Feedlot Cattle Receiving Different Sources of Ca Salts of Fatty Acids in the Finishing Diet.
- Author
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Colombo, Eduardo, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Mackey, Shea, Pickett, Autumn, Batista, Luis Fernando, Pohler, Ky, Sousa, Osvaldo, Cappellozza, Bruno, and Brandão, Alice P.
- Subjects
FATTY acids ,SOMATOMEDIN C ,BEEF cattle ,FAT ,SALTS ,DIET ,NEEDLE biopsy ,BLOOD cholesterol - Abstract
This experiment compared productive and physiological responses in feedlot cattle receiving a finishing diet that included Ca salts of palm oil (CSPALM), or a blend of Ca salts of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oils (CSMIX). Ninety yearling steers were housed in 15 pens equipped with Calan-gate feeders (6 steers/pen). Steers within each pen were ranked by shrunk body weight (BW; 410 ± 3.3 kg) on d 0 and assigned to receive a total-mixed ration (TMR) containing (as-fed basis) 2% of CSMIX (n = 30), 2% of CSPALM (n = 30), or no supplemental fat (CON; n = 30). Individual TMR intake was evaluated weekly. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 28, 56, 119, and 147. Samples of the Longissimus muscle (LM) were collected on d 84 via needle biopsy. Upon slaughter on d 148, hot carcass weight (HCW) was recorded and used to determine final BW (63% dressing), whereas one LM steak sample (2.54 cm) was removed from the right side of each carcass. Steer ADG was greater (P = 0.02) for CSMIX compared with CSPALM and tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for CSMIX compared with CON. Feed efficiency was greater (P = 0.05) for CSMIX compared with CSPALM and CON, and carcass LM area was less (P = 0.01) for CSPALM compared with CSMIX and CON. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.21) for TMR intake, final BW, and other carcass merit traits including marbling. Mean plasma cholesterol concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in CSMIX and CSPALM compared with CON, and expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein in the LM was greater (P = 0.04) in CSPALM compared with CSMIX and CON. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.15) for plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and leptin, nor for other LM genes associated with marbling and muscle growth. Concentrations of total fatty acids (FA) in plasma and in LM steaks were greater (P < 0.01) in CSMIX compared with CSPALM and CON, and greater (P < 0.01) in the LM steaks of CSPALM steers compared with CON. Moreover, steers receiving CSMIX had greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of polyunsaturated and ω-6 FA in plasma samples and LM steaks compared with CSPALM and CON. Collectively, supplementing CSMIX improved performance traits and FA profile in the LM of feedlot steers, but the same responses were not observed when CSPALM was offered. The advantages noted from CSMIX supplementation appear to be resultant from the nutraceutical benefits of increased polyunsaturated ω-6 FA supply to the finishing diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Bakery waste supplementation to late gestating Bos indicus-influenced beef cows successfully impacted offspring postnatal performance
- Author
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S. Izquierdo, Vinicius, L. Silva, João V, Palmer, Elizabeth, Ranches, Juliana, Bittar, João H J, Santos, Giovanna C M, Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F, Vendramini, João M B, and Moriel, Philipe
- Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and immune function of beef calves born to cows supplemented with bakery waste containing two concentrations of crude fat. On day 0 (~90 d before calving), 108 multiparous Brangus crossbred cows were stratified by body weight (BW; 551 ± 65 kg) and body condition score (BCS, 5.5 ± 0.9) and randomly allocated into 1 of 18 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (6 cows and 4.3 ha per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (6 pastures per treatment) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation (NOSUP) and isocaloric and isonitrogenous supplementation of low-fat (LFAT; 6.4% crude fat) or high-fat (HFAT; 10.7% crude fat) bakery waste from days 0 to 70 (1 kg DM per cow per day). Calves were weaned on day 292 (201 ± 17 d of age). Then, 15 heifers per treatment were randomly selected and assigned to drylot pens from days 300 to 345 and vaccinated against respiratory pathogens on days 300 and 315. Cow BCS near calving (day 70) was the least (P ≤ 0.05) for NOSUP cows and did not differ (P = 0.12) between LFAT and HFAT cows. Cow BCS at the start of the breeding season (day 140) was greater (P = 0.05) for HFAT vs. NOSUP cows and intermediate (P ≥ 0.35) for LFAT cows. Plasma concentrations of total polyunsaturated fatty acids in HFAT cows did not differ (P ≥ 0.76) compared with LFAT cows but were greater (P ≤ 0.05) compared to NOSUP cows on day 70. Final pregnancy percentage did not differ (P ≥ 0.26) among treatments, but a greater percentage of HFAT cows calved (P ≤ 0.05) their second offspring during the first 21 d of the calving season compared to NOSUP and LFAT cows (bred by natural service). Weaning BW was the greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for LFAT and least for NOSUP calves. Maternal treatments did not impact (P≥ 0.11) postweaning growth and total DM intake of calves. Average plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P= 0.03) for NOSUP vs. HFAT calves and intermediate for LFAT calves (P ≥ 0.26). Serum titers against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were greater or tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.08) for HFAT vs. LFAT calves and intermediate (P≥ 0.27) for NOSUP calves at the end of preconditioning. Thus, supplemental fat concentration fed to late-gestating beef cows had variable effects on calf performance. Low-fat bakery waste led to the greatest calf preweaning growth, whereas high-fat bakery waste enhanced maternal reproduction and had minor benefits to calf humoral immune function.Bakery waste supplementation to late-gestating beef cows modulates offspring preweaning growth and immune function according to its crude fat concentration.This study evaluated the effect of bakery waste supplementation during the last trimester of gestation in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows and the subsequent impact on their offspring. Brangus cows were allocated to one of three prepartum treatments consisting of no prepartum supplementation, 1 kg/d of bakery waste with low or high concentration of crude fat. Prepartum supplementation of bakery waste, regardless of crude fat concentration, increased maternal plasma concentrations of ω-6 fatty acids during gestation and body condition score at calving. Offspring birth weights were not affected but offspring born to cows that received prepartum supplementation of bakery waste, regardless of crude fat concentration, were heavier at weaning compared to no prepartum supplementation. However, the greatest improvements to weaning weights were observed for offspring born to cows fed low-fat vs. high-fat bakery waste. In contrast, high-fat bakery waste supplementation during late gestation alleviated physiological stress and improved humoral immune response to vaccination during preconditioning compared to low-fat bakery waste supplementation. Thus, altering the crude fat concentration of bakery waste provided to Bos indicus-influenced beef cows during the third trimester of gestation can be implemented to modulate offspring preweaning growth or postweaning immune function.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Dietary impacts on rumen, vaginal, and uterine environments in beef heifers.
- Author
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Pickett, Autumn, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Brandão, Alice, Colombo, Eduardo, Mackey, Shea, Oliveira Filho, Ramiro, Dalmaso de Melo, Gabriela, Poole, Rebecca K., and Pohler, Ky G.
- Subjects
- *
HEIFERS , *MAGIC squares , *BODY weight , *HAY , *CORN - Abstract
This experiment examined the effects of diet composition on rumen, vaginal, and uterine environments in beef heifers. Fifteen rumen-cannulated, pubertal Angus-influenced heifers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design (28-d periods and 21-d washout intervals). Dietary treatments included (as-fed) diets based on 100% grass hay (HF), 61% grass hay + 39% corn-based concentrate (INT), or 25% grass hay + 75% corn-based concentrate (HG). Treatments were offered individually to heifers once daily at 2% of their body weight. Heifers also received 280 g/d of a mineral mix containing melengestrol acetate. Rumen, vaginal, and uterine fluid samples were collected on d 0 and 28 of each period for pH measurement. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) using results from d 0 as independent covariates, and heifer as the experimental unit. Rumen pH on d 0 did not differ (P = 0.97) among treatments (7.197, 7.194, and 7.188 for HF, INT, and HG, respectively; SEM = 0.038). Ruminal pH on d 28 was greater (P = 0.01) in HF compared with INT and HG (6.805, 6.628, and 6.380, respectively; SEM = 0.049), and greater (P < 0.01) in INT compared with HG. Vaginal and uterine pH on d 0 did not differ (P = 0.24) among HF, INT, and HG (6.914, 6.965, 6.780 of vaginal pH, respectively, SEM = 0.082; 6.644, 6.760, 6,592 of uterine pH, respectively, SEM = 0.079). Uterine and vaginal pH on d 28 also did not differ (P = 0.64) among HF, INT, and HG heifers (6.926, 6.937, 6.918 of vaginal pH, respectively, SEM = 0.051; 6.567, 6.507, and 6.457 of uterine pH, respectively, SEM = 0.084). Therefore, dietary composition impacted rumen pH of beef heifers as expected, but without consequences to their vaginal and uterine pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Performance and health responses of feedlot receiving cattle supplemented with preand probiotic ingredients.
- Author
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Mackey, Shea, Cooke, Reinaldo F., Colombo, Eduardo, Wiegand, Jacob, Pickett, Autumn, Dias Batista, Luiz Fernando, Alhadas, Herlon, Pacheco, Marcos, Proctor, Jarret, Block, Elliot, and Brandão, Alice
- Subjects
PREBIOTICS ,PROBIOTICS ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,ANIMAL health ,HEALTH of cattle ,MONENSIN ,BACILLUS subtilis ,TYLOSIN - Abstract
This experiment compared performance and health responses of feedlot cattle receiving a synbiotic supplement (yeast-derived prebiotic + Bacillus subtilis probiotic), which replaced or were fed in conjunction with feed-grade antimicrobials (monensin and tylosin) during a 56-d receiving period. Angus-influenced steers (n = 192) from 4 different sources were transported for 800 km, and arrived on the experimental feedlot on d 0 when shrunk body weight (BW) was recorded. Steers were ranked by source and shrunk BW, and were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens. Pens were assigned to receive a free-choice diet containing: 1) monensin and tylosin (RT; 360 mg/steer daily from Rumensin and 90 mg/steer daily from Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), 2) yeast-derived ingredient and B. subtilis probiotic (CC; 18 g/steer daily of Celmanax and 28 g/steer daily of Certillus; Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ), or 3) monensin and tylosin combined with yeast-derived and B. subtilis ingredients (RTCC) as in RT and CC. Feed intake was greater (P < 0.01) in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (7.34, 6.15, 6.22 kg of dry matter/head daily, respectively; SEM = 0.29). Average daily gain tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (1.23, 1.16, 1.16 kg/d, respectively; SEM = 0.03). Feed efficiency was less in CC compared with RT and RTCC cattle (0.160, 0.173, 0.171 kg/kg, respectively; SEM = 0.003). Incidence of bovine respiratory disease did not differ (P = 0.37) between treatments (25.9, 20.2, and 15.5% for CC, RT, and RTCC, respectively; SEM = 5.2) during the 56-d receiving period. Collectively, replacing RT with CC improved feed intake and BW gain during a 56-d receiving period, despite reducing feed efficiency. Combining RT and CC ingredients, however, did not yield additional productive and health benefits to receiving cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Effects of Lasalocid and Energy Supplementation on Forage Intake, Energy Metabolism, and Performance of Cattle Grazing Wheat Pasture
- Author
-
Pickett, Autumn Tayler
- Subjects
- Cattle, Greenhouse gases, Methane, Nutrition, Production, Animal Experimentation and Research, Animal Studies, Beef Science
- Abstract
Cattle grazing wheat pasture have the potential to gain BW exceptionally well, but excessive nitrogen intake results in increased excretion and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Supplemental concentrates with the addition of an ionophore given to ruminants grazing wheat is a potential practice for producers to increase nitrogen efficiency while decreasing GHG emissions. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to quantify the effects of energy (2.95 kg/d) and lasalocid (200 mg/hd/d) supplementation on nutrient intake, energy metabolism, respiratory gas fluxes, and performance of grazing cattle. Methane emissions were not affected (P = 0.58) by treatment, hence methane intensity (P = 0.07) and yield (P
- Published
- 2020
50. Influence of differing levels of concentrate on circulating cytokine concentrations in beef heifers.
- Author
-
Stockland EL, Smith MS, Pickett AT, Cooke RF, and Poole RK
- Abstract
Components of the immune system (e.g., cytokines and chemokines) can influence reproductive efficiency. Characterizing the influence nutrition has on shifts in circulating cytokine concentrations will allow for a better understanding of reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. This study aimed to determine the effect of diet composition on circulating cytokine concentrations of beef heifers. Using a 3 × 3 Latin square design, pubertal Bos taurus -influenced rumen-cannulated heifers ( n = 15) were fed a diet based on different concentrate percentages. The treatment period consisted of 28-d feeding periods with a washout interval of 21 d. Treatment groups were fed 100% grass hay (high forage; HF), 60% grass hay with 40% corn-based concentrate (intermediate; INT), and 25% grass hay with 75% corn-based concentrate (high grain; HG). Heifers were offered 2% of their body weight in feed daily. Blood was collected on days 0 and 28 of the treatment period for cytokine analysis. Plasma cytokine concentrations were quantified using RayBiotech Quantibody Bovine Cytokine Array Q1 kit according to manufacturer instructions. Concentrations of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) linearly decreased with an increased concentrate diet ( P = 0.037). Concentrations of IP10 differed for heifers consuming HF diet vs. HG diet (3,069.52 vs. 1,001.84 ± 669.01 pg/mL, respectively) and heifers consuming INT diet vs. HG diet (2,886.77 vs. 1,001.84 ± 669.01 pg/mL, respectively); however, there were no significant differences in IP10 concentrations between HF and INT heifers. There was a tendency for interleukin-1 family member 5 (IL1F5) concentrations to be lower for heifers consuming the HG diet compared to INT diet ( P = 0.08). Results suggest that heifers consuming a high-concentrate diet have lower concentrations of IP10 and IL1F5. Additional research is necessary to better understand the dietary influence on the immune system in developing heifers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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