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1. Robotic Monitoring of Habitats: The Natural Intelligence Approach

Author

Franco Angelini, Pierangela Angelini, Claudia Angiolini, Simonetta Bagella, Fabio Bonomo, Marco Caccianiga, Cosimo Della Santina, Daniela Gigante, Marco Hutter, Thrishantha Nanayakkara, Paolo Remagnino, Diego Torricelli, and Manolo Garabini

Subjects
Environment monitoring and management, legged robots, field robots, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In this paper, we first discuss the challenges related to habitat monitoring and review possible robotic solutions. Then, we propose a framework to perform terrestrial habitat monitoring exploiting the mobility of legged robotic systems. The idea is to provide the robot with the Natural Intelligence introduced as the combination of the environment in which it moves, the intelligence embedded in the design of its body, and the algorithms composing its mind. This approach aims to solve the challenges of deploying robots in real natural environments, such as irregular and rough terrains, long-lasting operations, and unexpected collisions, with the final objective of assisting humans in assessing the habitat conservation status. Finally, we present examples of robotic monitoring of habitats in four different environments: forests, grasslands, dunes, and screes.

Published
2023
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2. Diversity of European habitat types is correlated with geography more than climate and human pressure

Author

Marco Cervellini, Michele Di Musciano, Piero Zannini, Simone Fattorini, Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro, Emiliano Agrillo, Fabio Attorre, Pierangela Angelini, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Laura Casella, Richard Field, Jan‐Christopher Fischer, Piero Genovesi, Samuel Hoffmann, Severin D. H. Irl, Juri Nascimbene, Duccio Rocchini, Manuel Steinbauer, Ole R. Vetaas, and Alessandro Chiarucci

Subjects
anthropogenic impact, biodiversity conservation, environmental predictors, European habitat directive, habitat richness, terrain ruggedness index, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Habitat richness, that is, the diversity of ecosystem types, is a complex, spatially explicit aspect of biodiversity, which is affected by bioclimatic, geographic, and anthropogenic variables. The distribution of habitat types is a key component for understanding broad‐scale biodiversity and for developing conservation strategies. We used data on the distribution of European Union (EU) habitats to answer the following questions: (i) how do bioclimatic, geographic, and anthropogenic variables affect habitat richness? (ii) Which of those factors is the most important? (iii) How do interactions among these variables influence habitat richness and which combinations produce the strongest interactions? The distribution maps of 222 terrestrial habitat types as defined by the Natura 2000 network were used to calculate habitat richness for the 10 km × 10 km EU grid map. We then investigated how environmental variables affect habitat richness, using generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and boosted regression trees. The main factors associated with habitat richness were geographic variables, with negative relationships observed for both latitude and longitude, and a positive relationship for terrain ruggedness. Bioclimatic variables played a secondary role, with habitat richness increasing slightly with annual mean temperature and overall annual precipitation. We also found an interaction between anthropogenic variables, with the combination of increased landscape fragmentation and increased population density strongly decreasing habitat richness. This is the first attempt to disentangle spatial patterns of habitat richness at the continental scale, as a key tool for protecting biodiversity. The number of European habitats is related to geography more than climate and human pressure, reflecting a major component of biogeographical patterns similar to the drivers observed at the species level. The interaction between anthropogenic variables highlights the need for coordinated, continental‐scale management plans for biodiversity conservation.

Published
2021
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3. A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe

Author

Marco Cervellini, Piero Zannini, Michele Di Musciano, Simone Fattorini, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Duccio Rocchini, Richard Field, Ole R. Vetaas, Severin D.H. Irl, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Samuel Hoffmann, Jan-Christopher Fischer, Laura Casella, Pierangela Angelini, Piero Genovesi, Juri Nascimbene, and Alessandro Chiarucci

Subjects
biogeography, biogeographical boundaries, biodiver, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Published
2020
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4. Habitat type and island identity as drivers of community assembly in an archipelago

Author

Piero Zannini, Riccardo Guarino, Laura Casella, Marco Caccianiga, Marco Cervellini, Mirko Enea, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Bruno Foggi, Alessandro Chiarucci, Daniele Viciani, Fabrizio Buldrini, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Pierangela Angelini, Salvatore Pasta, Chiarucci A., Buldrini F., Cervellini M., Guarino R., Caccianiga M., Foggi B., Viciani D., Lazzaro L., Casella L., Angelini P., Cerabolini B.E.L., Pasta S., Enea M., Zannini P., Chiarucci, Alessandro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Cervellini, Marco, Guarino, Riccardo, Caccianiga, Marco, Foggi, Bruno, Viciani, Daniele, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Casella, Laura, Angelini, Pierangela, Cerabolini, Bruno Enrico Leone, Pasta, Salvatore, Enea, Mirko, and Zannini, Piero

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biogeographic patterns, islands, plot data, species-area relationships, Identity (social science), islands, Plant Science, species-area relationships, biogeographic patterns, Type (biology), Habitat, island, Settore BIO/03 - Botanica Ambientale E Applicata, Archipelago, biogeographic pattern, Ethnology, plot data
Abstract

Aim: Ecoinformatics offer new opportunity to test islands as biogeographic and eco- logical models. In this paper we predicted three hypotheses: (1) plot-based data issu- ing from vegetation surveys can be used to predict Island Species-Area Relationships (ISARs) or island similarity; (2) the habitat area is an independent predictor of species richness patterns within island; (3) species richness and composition are more de- pendent on habitat type than island identity in land-bridge islands. Area: Tuscan Archipelago, Italy. Methods: We assembled a database of all the vegetation plots available for the archi- pelago. For the first hypothesis we calculated ISARs, using Arrhenius model, and Beta Diversity, using Jaccard dissimilarity, on both published floras and cumulative plot data. For the second hypothesis, we modelled Habitat Species-Area Relationships (HSARs), using Arrhenius model. For the third hypothesis, we used additive partition- ing of species richness, NMDS and PERMANOVA. Results: Island Species-Area Relationships based on plot data mirrored those on pub- lished floras, but absolute values of c and z parameters were different. Beta diversity based on plot data resembled those of published floras, but was higher. Species rich- ness was significantly related to the habitat area. The total species richness of the archipelago was linked to large scale drivers, such as island identity, while plot species composition was driven by both habitat type and island identity. Conclusions: Data assembled issuing from vegetation surveys are useful to describe biogeographic patterns. Species richness in the archipelago is driven by spatial fac- tors such as the amount of habitats and the differences among islands, while the spe- cies composition of local assemblages is largely driven by habitat filters rather than by island identity, as expected in land-bridge islands.

Published
2021

5. A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe

Author

Piero Zannini, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Piero Genovesi, Ole R. Vetaas, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Simone Fattorini, Richard Field, Samuel Hoffmann, Severin D. H. Irl, Jan-Christopher Fischer, Laura Casella, Alessandro Chiarucci, Duccio Rocchini, Pierangela Angelini, Michele Di Musciano, Juri Nascimbene, Marco Cervellini, Cervellini M., Zannini P., Di Musciano M., Fattorini S., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Rocchini D., Field R., Vetaas O.R., Irl S.D.H., Beierkuhnlein C., Hoffmann S., Fischer J.-C., Casella L., Angelini P., Genovesi P., Nascimbene J., and Chiarucci A.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Redefining, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biodiver, biogeographical boundaries, Vector map, regionalisation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Biogeographical boundarie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biodiversity monitoring, Biogeographical boundaries, Habitat, Regionalisation, Ecology, computer.file_format, Grid, Grid based, Data Paper (Biosciences), Geography, lcsh:Biology (General), Habitats Directive, Raster graphics, computer, Cartography
Abstract

Background Biogeographical units are widely adopted in ecological research and nature conservation management, even though biogeographical regionalisation is still under scientific debate. The European Environment Agency provided an official map of the European Biogeographical Regions (EBRs), which contains the official boundaries used in the Habitats and Birds Directives. However, these boundaries bisect cells in the official EU 10 km × 10 km grid used for many purposes, including reporting species and habitat data, meaning that 6881 cells overlap two or more regions. Therefore, superimposing the EBRs vector map over the grid creates ambiguities in associating some cells with European Biogeographical Regions. New information To provide an operational tool to unambiguously define the boundaries of the eleven European Biogeographical Regions, we provide a specifically developed raster map of Grid-Based European Biogeographical Regions (GB-EBRs). In this new map, the borders of the EBRs are reshaped to coherently match the standard European 10 km × 10 km grid imposed for reporting tasks by Article 17 of the Habitats Directive and used for many other datasets. We assign each cell to the EBR with the largest area within the cell. publishedVersion

Published
2020

6. How to improve the distribution maps of habitat types at national scale

Author

M Massimi, Emanuela Carli, Fabio Attorre, Pierangela Angelini, Laura Casella, and Emiliano Agrillo

Subjects
vegetation databases, Occupancy, habitat mapping, Biodiversity, Distribution (economics), 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, area of occupancy, forests, grasslands, habitats directive, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Vegetation, Geography, 030301 anatomy & morphology, Habitat, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Conservation status, Habitats Directive, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, Scale (map)
Abstract

Annex I habitat types are a key factor for biodiversity conservation in Europe and distribution maps are essential for assessing their conservation status. We aim to increase the responsiveness to habitat knowledge needs and to propose the use of data collected at local scale for assessing a key indicator such as the Area of Occupancy (AOO) of habitats. In this paper, starting from the 4th Report of Habitats Directive data, we present a multi-source approach that allows national habitat distribution maps to be refined and their AOO estimated, by combining certified available information on habitat maps and vegetation databases. For the first time a comprehensive up-to-date knowledge on habitat distribution at national scale is now available; our approach will be an essential tool for the implementation of the Habitats Directive and to achieve the goals of EU biodiversity strategy in Italy.

Published
2020

7. The use of large databases to characterize habitat types: the case of Quercus suber woodlands in Europe

Author

Nicola Alessi, Laura Casella, Guillermo Crespo, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Tiago Monteiro-Henriques, Federico Fernández-González, Olivier Argagnon, Carlos Neto, Pierangela Angelini, Emiliano Agrillo, Fabio Attorre, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, vegetation databases, Structure and function, Vegetation classification, Biodiversity, Context (language use), Woodland, Quercus suber, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Vegetation classifcation, vegetation classification, General Environmental Science, media_common, biology, Database, European Vegetation Archive, habitats directive, Quercus suber woodlands, structure and function, biology.organism_classification, Habitats Directive, Geography, Habitat, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vegetation databases, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, computer, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The conservation of habitat types has been recognized to be of relevant importance for the conservation of biodiversity and is a major concern in the European Union. With the 92/43/EEC Habitats Directive, the European Commission targeted these habitat types, which conservation must be ensured by Member States. In this context, the Habitat type 9330 “Quercus suber forests” is intended to ensure the conservation of cork oak woodlands in Europe. To support the enhancement of nature conservation policies, in this study we provide a classification of cork oak woodlands in Europe using a large vegetation database. We identify four major groups with clear biogeographic differences and characterize them by lists of indicator species. We also provide distribution maps based on occurrence data and the modelled potential area of distribution as an additional tool for conservation. This study offers a contribution to the comparative description of the European Q. suber woodlands subtypes and to establish a protocol for habitat monitoring and assessment.

Published
2018

8. European Vegetation Archive (EVA): an integrated database of European vegetation plots

Author

Ioannis Tsiripidis, Dmytro Dubyna, Emin Uğurlu, Federico Fernández-González, Svetlana Aćić, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Anna Kuzemko, Jiří Danihelka, Wolfgang Willner, Christian Berg, Mirjana Ćuk, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Erwin Bergmeier, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Vadim Prokhorov, Deniz Işık Gürsoy, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Hristo Pedashenko, John Janssen, Martin Kleikamp, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Martin Jiroušek, S. M. Yamalov, Viktor Onyshchenko, Ilona Knollová, Urban Šilc, Jörg Ewald, Henry Brisse, Xavier Font, Didem Ambarlı, John S. Rodwell, Andraž Čarni, Tatiana Rogova, Lynda Weekes, Solvita Rūsiņa, Gunnar Seidler, Tetiana Dziuba, Milan Chytrý, Desislava Sopotlieva, Risto Virtanen, Nikolai Ermakov, Riccardo Guarino, Maria Pilar Rodríguez-Rojo, Florian Jansen, Michele De Sanctis, Zygmunt Kącki, Domas Uogintas, Itziar García-Mijangos, Ute Jandt, Jürgen Dengler, Úna FitzPatrick, Jens-Christian Svenning, Eszter Ruprecht, Idoia Biurrun, Kiril Vassilev, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Stephan M. Hennekens, Tomáš Peterka, Laura Casella, Zvjezdana Stančić, Jonathan Lenoir, Iva Apostolova, Flavia Landucci, Milan Valachovič, Fabio Attorre, Joop H.J. Schaminée, Renata Ćušterevska, Corrado Marcenò, Valentin Golub, Grzegorz Swacha, János Csiky, Patrice de Ruffray, Tatiana Lysenko, Vitaliy Kolomiychuk, Rense Haveman, Luis Carlón, Emiliano Agrillo, Ali Kavgaci, W. Bernhard Dickoré, Els De Bie, Željko Škvorc, Vassiliy Martynenko, Dana Michalcová, Roberto Venanzoni, Rosario G. Gavilán, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Pierangela Angelini, Giuliano Fanelli, Jozef Šibík, Juan Antonio Campos, Yulia Vashenyak, Rasmus Ejrnæs, Adrian Indreica, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Daniel Krstonošić, Zora Dajić Stevanović, Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Knollová, I., Dengler, J., Jansen, F., Landucci, F., Schaminée, J., Aćić, S., Agrillo, E., Ambarlı, D., Angelini, P., Apostolova, I., Attorre, F., Berg, C., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Botta-Dukát, Z., Brisse, H., Campos, J., Carlón, L., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., Dajić Stevanović, Z., Danihelka, J., De Bie, E., de Ruffray, P., De Sanctis, M., Dickoré, W., Dimopoulos, P., Dubyna, D., Dziuba, T., Ejrnaes, R., Ermakov, N., Ewald, J., Fanelli, G., Fernández-González, F., Fitzpatrick, Ú., Font, X., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R., Golub, V., Guarino, R., Haveman, R., Indreica, A., Işık Gürsoy, D., Jandt, U., Janssen, J., Jiroušek, M., Kącki, Z., Kavgacı, A., Kleikamp, M., Kolomiychuk, V., Krstivojević Ćuk, M., Krstonošić, D., Kuzemko, A., Lenoir, J., Lysenko, T., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Michalcová, D., Moeslund, J., Onyshchenko, V., Pedashenko, H., Pérez-Haase, A., Peterka, T., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Rodríguez-Rojo, M., Rodwell, J., Rogova, T., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Seidler, G., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Škvorc, Ž., Sopotlieva, D., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J., Swacha, G., Tsiripidis, I., Turtureanu, P., Uğurlu, E., Uogintas, D., Valachovič, M., Vashenyak, Y., Vassilev, K., Venanzoni, R., Virtanen, R., Weekes, L., Willner, W., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, International Association for Vegetation Science, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Ecoinformatic, 01 natural sciences, Ecoinformatics, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetació, Ecology, Environmental resource management, PE&RC, Vegetation plot, Europe, Centralized database, Geography, Cartografia de la vegetació, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, medicine.symptom, Geographic coordinate system, Europa, Releve, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, European Vegetation Survey, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biodiversity informatics, 010603 evolutionary biology, Plot (graphics), Relevé, Database, Phytosociological data, Vegetation database, medicine, biodiversity informatics, database, ecoinformatics, european vegetation survey, international association for vegetation science, phytosociological data, relevé, vegetation database, vegetation plot, ecology, nature and landscape conservation, management, monitoring, policy and law, Vegetatie, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Vegetation mapping, Vegetation, business.industry, 15. Life on land, Defensie, Taxon, Biodiversity informatic, Integrated database, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, business, Vegetation (pathology), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Biurrun, Idoia/0000-0002-1454-0433; Rojo, Maria Pilar Rodriguez/0000-0001-5449-9386; Ermakov, Nikolai/0000-0001-7550-990X; De Sanctis, Michele/0000-0002-7280-6199; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Virtanen, Risto/0000-0002-8295-8217; Agrillo, Emiliano/0000-0003-2346-8346; Onyshchenko, Viktor/0000-0001-9079-7241; Marceno, Corrado/0000-0003-4361-5200; Willner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-1591-8386; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Federico/0000-0003-1234-4065; Jansen, Florian/0000-0002-0331-5185; Swacha, Grzegorz/0000-0002-6380-2954; Dengler, Jurgen/0000-0003-3221-660X; Guarino, Riccardo/0000-0003-0106-9416; Sopotlieva, Desislava/0000-0002-9281-7039; Venanzoni, Roberto/0000-0002-7768-0468; Chytry, Milan/0000-0002-8122-3075; Kuzemko, Anna/0000-0002-9425-2756; Danihelka, Jiri/0000-0002-2640-7867; Kuzemko, Anna/0000-0002-9425-2756; Venanzoni, Roberto/0000-0002-7768-0468; Gavilan, Rosario G./0000-0002-1022-445X; Jansen, Florian/0000-0002-0331-5185; Wohlgemuth, Thomas/0000-0002-4623-0894; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Sibik, Jozef/0000-0002-5949-862X; Casella, Laura/0000-0003-2550-3010; Lenoir, Jonathan/0000-0003-0638-9582; Attorre, Fabio/0000-0002-7744-2195; Kacki, Zygmunt/0000-0002-2241-1631; Jandt, Ute/0000-0002-3177-3669; Carni, Andraz/0000-0002-8909-4298; Jirousek, Martin/0000-0002-4293-478X; GARCIA-MIJANGOS, ITZIAR/0000-0002-6642-7782; Campos, Juan Antonio/0000-0001-5992-2753; Fanelli, Giuliano/0000-0002-3143-1212; Haveman, Rense/0000-0001-9127-4549; Acic, Svetlana/0000-0001-6553-3797; De Bie, Els/0000-0001-7679-743X; Font, Xavier/0000-0002-7253-8905; Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold/0000-0001-8591-7149; Martynenko, Vasiliy/0000-0002-9071-3789; Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja/0000-0001-6601-9597; Ejrnaes, Rasmus/0000-0003-2538-8606; Carlon Ruiz, Luis/0000-0003-3442-8710; Angelini, Pierangela/0000-0002-5321-9757; Silc, Urban/0000-0002-3052-699X; Landucci, Flavia/0000-0002-6848-0384; Ewald, Jorg/0000-0002-2758-9324; Dziuba, Tetiana/0000-0001-8621-0890 WOS: 000368074600018 The European Vegetation Archive (EVA) is a centralized database of European vegetation plots developed by the IAVS Working Group European Vegetation Survey. It has been in development since 2012 and first made available for use in research projects in 2014. It stores copies of national and regional vegetation-plot databases on a single software platform. Data storage in EVA does not affect on-going independent development of the contributing databases, which remain the property of the data contributors. EVA uses a prototype of the database management software TURBOVEG 3 developed for joint management of multiple databases that use different species lists. This is facilitated by the SynBioSys Taxon Database, a system of taxon names and concepts used in the individual European databases and their corresponding names on a unified list of European flora. TURBOVEG 3 also includes procedures for handling data requests, selections and provisions according to the approved EVA Data Property and Governance Rules. By 30 June 2015, 61 databases from all European regions have joined EVA, contributing in total 1 027 376 vegetation plots, 82% of them with geographic coordinates, from 57 countries. EVA provides a unique data source for large-scale analyses of European vegetation diversity both for fundamental research and nature conservation applications. Updated information on EVA is available online at http://euroveg.org/eva-database. Czech Science Foundation (Centre of Excellence PLADIAS) [14-36079G] Our major thanks go to thousands of European vegetation scientists of several generations who collected the original vegetation-plot data in the field, published them or made their unpublished data available to others, and to those who spent myriad hours digitizing data and managing the contributing databases. EVA data management has been partly funded by the Czech Science Foundation (Centre of Excellence PLADIAS, 14-36079G).

Published
2016

9. Italian National Vegetation Database (BVN/ISPRA)

Author

Laura Casella, Pietro Massimiliano Bianco, Emi Morroni, and Pierangela Angelini

Subjects
Geographic information system, Database, business.industry, Spatial database, Land-use planning, Vegetation, computer.software_genre, Geography, Georeference, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Christian ministry, Natura 2000, Scale (map), business, computer, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The BVN project aims to develop a Georeferenced National Vegetation Database, by digitizing and compiling vegetation plot data, from published and unpublished sources. The aim is to provide data for vegetation mapping projects and/or nature conservation and research programs (NATURA 2000, land planning, biodiversity studies, etc.). This geodatabase is an initiative of the National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), a public body reporting to the Ministry of Environment, performing technical, scientific and research activities on environmental issues. A key tool in the activity of the Institute is the “Nature Map” Project, the vegetation map of Italy at the scale 1:50.000 using the Corine Biotopes/Palaearctic/EUNIS classifications. In order to complete the project, since 2004 a large number of vegetation-floristic data have been collected on the national territory (currently the project has covered half of the territory) on ground control points and from literature sources and managed in a Geographic Information System. This geodatabase constitutes the core of the project; the final format will be available online for consultation and upon request for scientific purposes. The BVN is developed using TURBOVEG, in agreement with the activities of the European Vegetation Survey. The geodatabase currently comprises 4400 releves and it is growing rapidly. This report describes the available content in the Italian National Vegetation Database (BVN/ISPRA; GIVD ID EU-IT-010).

Published
2012

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