Search

Schmitt's interest in international law and politics does not match a thematic and doctrinal caesura in his theoretical itinerary. This path can be considered continuous, and thus the subject of a unitary analysis. However, it would be wrong to consider it devoid of even sudden changes of direction. And it is precisely one of these turns - the origin of which is to be found in the four-year period 1933-1936 - that needs to be analysed with particular attention. An alternative had to be found to the concept of the state, which until then had best expressed a territorially concrete spatial order. It was not Nazi biologism that provided Schmitt with a cue in this direction, but the institutionalist conception. Through it, he focused on the inadequacy of the decisionist interpretation of experiences other than the modern European state, recovering the possibility of thinking of a law without a state. In addition to explaining 'what was before the state', it allows the possibility of roposing interpretative hypotheses of 'what will be after the state and beyond the state'.

Il rapporto tra scienza giuridica e tecnologie informatiche rappresenta una questione ormai ineludibile per chiunque intenda misurarsi con le istanze della società digitale. I due autori si confrontano su temi attuali e decisivi relativi all’informatica giuridica e al diritto dell’informatica, esaminando l’impatto della tecnologia sulla società nel suo complesso, sulla persona e i suoi diritti, sugli istituti e sugli strumenti del diritto. Le tematiche spaziano dalla problematica tutela dei dati personali e del right to be forgotten al riconoscimento dei diritti digitali, dal governo di dati e algoritmi alle questioni poste dall’intelligenza artificiale e dalla blockchain, dall’affermarsi pervasivo di documenti informatici, firme elettroniche e contratti telematici alla complessa protezione di opere digitali e beni informatici, dalla necessità di un’amministrazione digitale e aperta all’emersione di nuove geometrie di potere, dagli inediti bilanciamenti tra interessi ai difficili equilibri in tema di responsabilità, dalla diffusione endemica della criminalità informatica ai nuovi e cupi scenari della guerra cibernetica. L’obiettivo del volume è quello di proporre al lettore alcuni punti di osservazione privilegiati per riflettere sul destino della scienza giuridica nell’era tecnologica, avvalendosi anche dell’analisi di significativi casi di studio: regolare la dimensione digitale della vita umana costituisce una sfida impegnativa ma inevitabile, cui il diritto è chiamato a rispondere.

Excitotoxic stress has been associated with several different neurological disorders, and it is one of the main causes of neuronal degeneration and death. To identify new potential proteins that could represent key factors in excitotoxic stress and to study the relationship between polyamine catabolism and excitotoxic damage, a novel transgenic mouse line overexpressing spermine oxidase enzyme in the neocortex (Dach-SMOX) has been engineered. These transgenic mice are more susceptible to excitotoxic injury and display a higher oxidative stress, highlighted by 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine increase and activation of defense mechanisms, as demonstrated by the increase of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the nucleus. In Dach-SMOX astrocytes and neurons, an alteration of the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated subunits of glutamate receptors increases the kainic acid response in these mice. Moreover, a decrease in excitatory amino acid transporters and an increase in the system xc− transporter, a Nrf-2 target, was observed. Sulfasalazine, a system xc− transporter inhibitor, was shown to revert the increased susceptibility of Dach-SMOX mice treated with kainic acid. We demonstrated that astrocytes play a crucial role in this process: neuronal spermine oxidase overexpression resulted in an alteration of glutamate excitability, in glutamate uptake and efflux in astrocytes involved in the synapse. Considering the involvement of oxidative stress in many neurodegenerative diseases, Dach-SMOX transgenic mouse can be considered as a suitable in vivo genetic model to study the involvement of spermine oxidase in excitotoxicity, which can be considered as a possible therapeutic target.