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1. Global Geographical Variation in Elemental and Arsenic Species Concentration in Paddy Rice Grain Identifies a Close Association of Essential Elements Copper, Selenium and Molybdenum with Cadmium

Author

Meharg, Andrew A., Meharg, Caroline, Carey, Manus, Williams, Paul, Shi, Zhengyu, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Hossain, Mahmud, and Islam, M. Rafiqul

Published
2022
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2. Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Signes-Pastor, Antonio, Lu, Ying, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, Savage, Laurie, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., and Meharg, Andrew A.

Published
2020
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3. Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

Author

Shi, Zhengyu, Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul N., Signes-Pastor, Antonio J., Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isnanda, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Marwa, Ernest M., Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Norton, Gareth, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Zhu, Yongguan, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., Hossain, Mahmud, Islam, M. Rafiqul, Tapia, Yasna, Oporto, Carla, and Meharg, Andrew A.

Published
2020
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6. Global geographical variation in elemental and arsenic species concentration in paddy rice grain identifies a close association of essential elements copper, selenium and molybdenum with cadmium

Author

Meharg, Andrew A., Meharg, Caroline, Carey, Manus, Williams, Paul N., Shi, Zhengyu, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher T., Marwa, Enerst M., Jiujin, Xiao, Gomes Farias, Júlia, Teixeira Nicoloso, Fernando, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Green, Andy, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Hossain, Mahmud, Islam, M. Rafiqul, Meharg, Andrew A., Meharg, Caroline, Carey, Manus, Williams, Paul N., Shi, Zhengyu, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher T., Marwa, Enerst M., Jiujin, Xiao, Gomes Farias, Júlia, Teixeira Nicoloso, Fernando, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Green, Andy, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Hossain, Mahmud, and Islam, M. Rafiqul

Abstract

Despite the centrality of staple grains for human well-being, both as a source of nutrients and of toxic ions, there is little understanding of where and how elements vary, and if there are particular elements that correlate. Here, for shop bought polished (white) rice, we comprehensively characterized trace (arsenic species, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, rubidium and zinc) and macro-nutrients (calcium, chlorine, potassium, phosphorus and sulphur) for grain purchased in 18 countries, across four continents, a total of 1045 samples. This was to investigate if there were any major differences between geographic location and elemental content, and to observe if there were any patterns in elemental distribution. Greatest variation in the median was observed for the non-essential rubidium (15-fold) and arsenic species (fivefold). Rubidium was the highest in the Americas, lowest in Europe, while inorganic arsenic (iAs) and dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) were low for Africa and high in the South American and European continents. The highest concentrations of cadmium were found in Asian samples, and lowest in South America, with variation within these regions. At the extremes of individual counties, China had fivefold higher concentrations than the global median, while Tanzania was fourfold lower than this value. Calcium, potassium, molybdenum and phosphorus were the highest in European and lowest in African grain, though the fold-differences were relatively low, ~ 0.2, while iron was the highest in African grain and lowest in European, Asian and South American grain, with a ~ twofold difference. Selenium was also higher in Africa versus other regions, and copper, manganese and zinc were the highest in American grain. Factor analysis showed that copper, cadmium, molybdenum, rubidium and selenium were strongly associated together, and these element's factor loadings were diametrically opposed to less tightly associated calcium, chlorine, manganese, potassium, pho

Published
2023

8. Correction to: Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Signes-Pastor, Antonio, Lu, Ying, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, Savage, Laurie, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., and Meharg, Andrew A.

Published
2020
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11. Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

Author

Shi, Zhengyu, Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul N., Signes-Pastor, Antonio J., Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isnanda, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Marwa, Ernest M., Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Norton, Gareth, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Zhu, Yongguan, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., Hossain, Mahmud, Islam, M. Rafiqul, Tapia, Yasna, Oporto, Carla, and Meharg, Andrew A.

Abstract

One of cadmium’s major exposure routes to humans is through rice consumption. The concentrations of cadmium in the global polished (white), market rice supply-chain were assessed in 2270 samples, purchased from retailers across 32 countries, encompassing 6 continents. It was found on a global basis that East Africa had the lowest cadmium with a median for both Malawi and Tanzania at 4.9 μg/kg, an order of magnitude lower than the highest country, China with a median at 69.3 μg/kg. The Americas were typically low in cadmium, but the Indian sub-continent was universally elevated. In particular certain regions of Bangladesh had high cadmium, that when combined with the high daily consumption rate of rice of that country, leads to high cadmium exposures. Concentrations of cadmium were compared to the European Standard for polished rice of 200 μg/kg and 5% of the global supply-chain exceeded this threshold. For the stricter standard of 40 μg/kg for processed infant foods, for which rice can comprise up to 100% by composition (such as rice porridges, puffed rice cereal and cakes), 25% of rice would not be suitable for making pure rice baby foods. Given that rice is also elevated in inorganic arsenic, the only region of the world where both inorganic arsenic and cadmium were low in grain was East Africa.

Published
2024
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12. Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Signes-Pastor, Antonio, Lu, Ying, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, Savage, Laurie, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., and Meharg, Andrew A.

Abstract

Arsenic in rice grain is dominated by two species: the carcinogen inorganic arsenic (the sum of arsenate and arsenite) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Rice is the dominant source of inorganic arsenic into the human diet. As such, there is a need to identify sources of low-inorganic arsenic rice globally. Here we surveyed polished (white) rice across representative regions of rice production globally for arsenic speciation. In total 1180 samples were analysed from 29 distinct sampling zones, across 6 continents. For inorganic arsenic the global x~was 66 μg/kg, and for DMA this figure was 21 μg/kg. DMA was more variable, ranging from < 2 to 690 μg/kg, while inorganic arsenic ranged from < 2 to 399 μg/kg. It was found that inorganic arsenic dominated when grain sum of species was < 100 μg/kg, with DMA dominating at higher concentrations. There was considerable regional variance in grain arsenic speciation, particularly in DMA where temperate production regions had higher concentrations. Inorganic arsenic concentrations were relatively consistent across temperate, subtropical and northern hemisphere tropical regions. It was only in southern hemisphere tropical regions, in the eastern hemisphere that low-grain inorganic arsenic is found, namely East Africa (x~< 10 μg/kg) and the Southern Indonesian islands (x~< 20 μg/kg). Southern hemisphere South American rice was universally high in inorganic arsenic, the reason for which needs further exploration.

Published
2024
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18. Global geographical variation elemental and arsenic species concentration in paddy rice grain identifies a close association of essential elements copper, selenium and molybdenum with cadmium.

Author

Meharg, Prof. Andrew, primary, Meharg, Caroline, additional, Carey, Manus, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Shi, Zhengyu, additional, Campbell, Katrina, additional, Elliott, Christopher, additional, Marwa, Ernest, additional, Jiujin, Xiao, additional, Farias, Júlia Gomes, additional, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, additional, De Silva, P. Mangala C.S., additional, Lu, Ying, additional, Green, Andy J., additional, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, additional, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, additional, Sommella, Alessia, additional, Pigna, Massimo, additional, Brabet, Catherine, additional, Montet, Didier, additional, Hossain, Mahmud, additional, and Islam, M. Rafiqul, additional

Published
2022
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25. Mutual interactions of sulfate, oxalate, citrate, and phosphate on synthetic and natural allophanes

Author

Jara, Alejandra A., Violante, Antonio, Pigna, Massimo, and de la Luz Mora, Maria

Subjects
Adsorption -- Research, Plant-soil relationships -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

In soil environments, particularly at the soil--plant interface, organic and inorganic ligands may compete with each other for sorption sites onto soil components. The interaction between two or more ligands has a great importance for understanding the adsorption/desorption processes of a given ligand in soil. We studied the mutual interaction of sulfate (S[O.sub.4]), oxalate (OX), citrate (CIT), and phosphate (P[O.sub.4]) in binary and ternary systems on synthetic and natural allophanic samples at different pH values (4.0-7.0). The adsorption capacity of S[O.sub.4], CIT, and OX (in the order listed) was much lower than that of P[O.sub.4], but CIT decreased the zero point charge (ZPC) more than OX, meanwhile P[O.sub.4] increased the ZPC, whereas S[O.sub.4] did not change the ZPC of the sorbents. The adsorption of S[O.sub.4] was strongly inhibited in the presence of equimolar amounts of OX, CIT, or P[O.sub.4] even at low surface coverage of all the ligands. The lower the final pH of the binary systems, the greater the inhibition of S[O.sub.4] adsorption. The capacity of CIT to prevent S[O.sub.4] adsorption (ranging from 22-63%) was similar or slightly greater than that of P[O.sub.4] (ranging from 25-48%) but clearly higher than OX (ranging from 20-42%). On the contrary, S[O.sub.4] very poorly prevented the adsorption of the other ligands (usually lower than 10%). The effectiveness of the other ligands in retarding or inhibiting S[O.sub.4] adsorption on an Andisol sample containing 40% allophane decreased with increases in the reaction time. However, even after 15 d of reaction CIT (38%) prevented S[O.sub.4] adsorption more than P[O.sub.4] (27%) or OX (12%) did. Our results seem to demonstrate that changes in the electric potential of the surfaces after the addition of anions, as well as competition for adsorption sites, affected the reduction in adsorption of S[O.sub.4] and the other ligands. However, competition in adsorption with S[O.sub.4] for common adsorption sites was greater for the organic ligands than for P[O.sub.4], because the surface coverage of P[O.sub.4] was particularly low with respect to that of S[O.sub.4], CIT, and OX.

Published
2006

27. Competitive sorption of arsenate and phosphate on different clay minerals and soils

Author

Violante, Antonio and Pigna, Massimo

Subjects
Soil permeability -- Research, Soil chemistry -- Research, Phosphates -- Analysis, Earth sciences
Abstract

Sorption and desorption of As[O.sub.4] on or from different soil components may have a dominant role in regulating As mobility in soils. The objectives of this work were to provide information on the factors that influence the competitive sorption of As[O.sub.4] and P[O.sub.4] in soil. We studied the competitive sorption of P[O.sub.4] and As[O.sub.4] on selected phyllosilicates, metal oxides, synthetic organo-mineral complexes, and soil samples as affected by pH (4.0-8.0), ligands concentration, surface coverage of the oxyanions on the samples and the residence time. We found that Mn, Fe, and Ti oxides and phyllosilicates particularly rich in Fe (nontronite, ferruginous smectites) were more effective in sorbing As[O.sub.4] than P[O.sub.4]. In fact, by adding As[O.sub.4] and P[O.sub.4] as a mixture (As[O.sub.4]/P[O.sub.4] molar ratio of 1) more As[O.sub.4] than P[O.sub.4] was usually sorbed on birnessite, pyrolusite, goethite, nontronite, and ferruginous smectite, but more P[O.sub.4] than As[O.sub.4] was sorbed on noncrystalline Al precipitation products, gibbsite, boehmite, allophane, and kaolinite. For example, at pH 5.0 the sorbed As[O.sub.4]/sorbed P[O.sub.4] molar ratio (rf) was 1.81 for birnessite, 1.05 for nontronite, but was only 0.45 for kaolinite and 0.14 for allophane. For montmorillonite, illite, and vermiculite the rf values were slightly < 1. For soil samples, particularly rich in kaolinite, halloysite, allophane, and containing relatively large amounts of organic C, the rf values were usually much

Published
2002

29. Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, primary, Meharg, Caroline, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Marwa, Ernest, additional, Jiujin, Xiao, additional, Farias, Júlia Gomes, additional, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., additional, Signes-Pastor, Antonio, additional, Lu, Ying, additional, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, additional, Savage, Laurie, additional, Campbell, Katrina, additional, Elliott, Christopher, additional, Adomako, Eureka, additional, Green, Andy J., additional, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, additional, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, additional, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, additional, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, additional, Haris, Parvez I., additional, Lawgali, Youssef F., additional, Sommella, Alessia, additional, Pigna, Massimo, additional, Brabet, Catherine, additional, Montet, Didier, additional, Njira, Keston, additional, Watts, Michael J., additional, and Meharg, Andrew A., additional

Published
2019
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32. Castaldi, P., Garau, G., Lauro, GP; Pigna, M., Violante, A., Deiana, S

Author

Castaldi, P., Garau, G., Lauro, G. P, Deiana, S., PIGNA, MASSIMO, VIOLANTE, ANTONIO, Castaldi, P., Garau, G., Lauro, G. P, Pigna, Massimo, Violante, Antonio, and Deiana, S.

Abstract

Iron oxy-hydroxides in soil are known to have a large affinity for arsenate (As(V)) inorganic species. At the soil-root interface such mineral components are embedded by mucilaginous material that is secreted from continuously growing root cap cells. In order to determine the role of plant mucilages in As(V) sorption by iron oxy-hydroxides, we layered a calcium (Ca)-polygalacturonate network (CaPGA) on to amorphous iron (Fe) (III) hydroxide (ferrihydrite, Fh) particles. The scanning electron micrographs of the CaPGA network coating the ferrihydrite (Fh-CaPGA) show a regular structure with a honeycomb-like pattern where interlacing fibrils form a porous system. The FT-IR spectra of Fh-CaPGA suggest that CaPGA fibrils are retained by the surface Fe(III) nuclei of Fh through electrostatic interactions. The sorption experiments carried out at pH 4.3 and 5.8 indicated a smaller amount of As(V) sorbed by Fh-CaPGA than by Fh alone, being less after 3 and 24hours of reaction by about 70 and 30%, respectively. The sorption of As(V) by Fh was also studied in the presence of caffeic acid (CAF), an important root exudate. Simultaneous sorption kinetics show that As(V) sorption by Fh is almost independent of CAF concentration, indicating a greater affinity of arsenate ions towards the Fh surfaces. However, the amount of As(V) sorbed by the Fh coated by CaPGA, in the presence of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0mmCAF, is markedly smaller by about 20, 27 and 40%, respectively, than that found in the As(V)-CAF-Fh ternary systems. This is caused mainly by redox reactions involving CAF and the surface Fe(III) nuclei of Fh leading to the formation of CAF oxidation products which prevent As(V) sorption.

Published
2015

35. XANES and EXAFS characterisation of coprecipitated Mg, Al and As(V) layered double hydroxides (LDHs): Effect of pH and aging time

Author

Santoro, A., Terzano, R., Mangold, S., Denecke, M. A., SOMMELLA, ALESSIA, PIGNA, MASSIMO, CAPORALE, ANTONIO GIANDONATO, VIOLANTE, ANTONIO, Santoro A., Terzano R., Mangold S., Denecke M.A., Sommella A., Pigna M., Caporale A.G., Violante A., Santoro, A., Terzano, R., Mangold, S., Denecke, M. A., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Caporale, ANTONIO GIANDONATO, and Violante, Antonio

Published
2014

36. TRICHODERMA spp. INTERACTING WITH LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.) ROOTS ALLEVIATE ARSENIC PHYTOTOXICITY

Author

N. Lombardi, M. Ruocco, A. Sommella, S. M.d. GolamGousul Azam, S. Lanzuise, F. Vinale, MARRA, ROBERTA, CAPORALE, ANTONIO GIANDONATO, PIGNA, MASSIMO, WOO, SHERIDAN LOIS, VARLESE, ROSARIA, MANGANIELLO, GELSOMINA, PASCALE, ALBERTO, LORITO, MATTEO, Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale, Lombardi, N., Ruocco, M., Caporale, ANTONIO GIANDONATO, Sommella, A., GolamGousul Azam, S. M. d., Pigna, Massimo, Lanzuise, S., Woo, SHERIDAN LOIS, Vinale, F., Marra, Roberta, Varlese, Rosaria, Manganiello, Gelsomina, Pascale, Alberto, and Lorito, Matteo

Published
2014

40. Influenza del Trichoderma harzianum (T22) e T. atroviride (P1) sull’assimilazione di arsenico in piante di lattuga (Lactuca sativa L.), irrigate con soluzioni contaminate

Author

PIGNA, MASSIMO, CAPORALE, ANTONIO GIANDONATO, SOMMELLA, ALESSIA, AZAM, SHAH MD. GOLAM GOUSUL, RUOCCO, MICHELINA, LORITO, MATTEO, VIOLANTE, ANTONIO, Pigna M., Caporale A.G., Sommella A., Azam S.M.G.G., Ruocco M., Lorito M., Violante A., Pigna, Massimo, Caporale, ANTONIO GIANDONATO, Sommella, Alessia, Azam, SHAH MD. GOLAM GOUSUL, Ruocco, Michelina, Lorito, Matteo, and Violante, Antonio

Published
2013

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