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Introduction The last thirty years has seen a change in management of renal trauma with progression more towards nonoperative management; however there is lack of guidelines of many practical aspects for conservative management of renal trauma. Here we are sharing our experience of managing isolated renal trauma over a period of five years. Materials and methods The study was conducted in a tertiary care centre of eastern part of India from April 2015–March 2020. It was a retro-prospective study and included cases of isolated blunt renal trauma managed in our hospital. Results A total of 61 cases of isolated blunt renal trauma were treated in the mentioned time period. Seventeen (28%) cases were of AAST Grade IV and five (8%) Grade V injury. Blood transfusion was required in eighteen (29%) cases during management. In eight (47%) cases of Grade IV injury and two (40%) cases of Grade V injury angioembolization was done. In two (11.7%) cases of Grade IV injury ureteral stenting was performed. Delayed surgical exploration and nephrectomy was required in one case of Grade V injury because of failed angioembolization and one Grade IV injury due to sepsis. One death was encountered in Grade V injury who had delayed presentation with haemorrhagic shock and underwent immediate surgical exploration. On follow up four patients (23%) of Grade IV injury and one patient of Grade III injury and two patients (40%) of Grade IV injury developed hypertension. The remaining patients were found to be normal. Conclusion Conservative management of renal trauma is the norm nowadays. Angioembolisation was found to be one of the strongest armamentarium when patient needs intervention. Surgery is rarely contemplated, mostly in hemodynamically unstable high grade trauma patients.

In recent years, Finite element (FE) analysis of manufacturing using not only metal forming but also other forming processes has contributed to the imporvement of these manufacturing techniques and increased knowledge regarding the deformation mechanisms that occur during forming. An analysis of spin forming using FE simulation was performed by authors. Moreover, a fuzzy algorithm to optimize spin forming was developed to decrease the processing time and the number of processing paths. The algorithm was validated as the processing time was shortened by around 15% less than in the case of the process without control. Furthermore, the forming velocity was increased by using the fuzzy control during the process. In this study, the fuzzy intelligent method for expanding the geometry of the blank in spin forming was investigated using the finite element method. It is shown that the flexibility of the fuzzy intelligent method investigated improves several experimental conditions and reduces the duration of the process.Copyright © 2004 by ASME