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Objectives This study was aimed to determine the effects of modeling resins on the surface microhardness of composites. Materials and Methods Six resin-based composites (Charisma Smart, Estellite Asteria, CeramX-One SphereTEC, Admira Fusion, Filtek Ultimate, and Clearfil Majesty Es-2) and three wetting agents (Modeling Liquid, Composite Primer, and Modeling Resin) were investigated. In all, 240 specimens were prepared, and wetting agents were applied prior to light curing in the experimental groups. After 24 hours, specimens were polished and Vickers microhardness (VHN) values were measured. Statistical Analysis Shapiro–Wilk and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analyses (p < 0.05). Results Both modeling resin and composites were determined to be effective factors (p < 0.001). The control group showed the highest VHN (70.37 ± 7.94), followed by Modeling Liquid (64.68 ± 12.07), Composite Primer (59.84 ± 6.33), and Modeling Resin (58 ± 3.52b; p < 0.001). Filtek Ultimate showed the highest VHN (76.62 ± 9.78c), whereas Charisma Smart (58.87 ± 7.95), and Clearfil Majesty (67.27 ± 2.58) showed the lowest (p < 0.001). Clearfil Majesty–Modeling Liquid (46.62 ± 5.33) and Charisma Smart–Composite Primer (50.81 ± 0.39) combinations showed the lowest VHN, whereas Filtek Ultimate–control (87.15 ± 2.12) and Filtek Ultimate–Modeling Liquid (84.24 ± 3.11) showed the highest (p < 0.001). Conclusion All tested modeling resins decreased VHN value, and the amount of reduction varied among composites and wetting agents. It might be safer not to use wetting agents unless they are necessary.

The aim of this study was to compare, under varying conditions, the dentin shear bond strength (SBS) of three solvent-containing (acetone, ethanol, and water) self-etch adhesive with acetone-contai...

Maxillary midline (major) diastemas are common aesthetic problems for the patients. Recently, it is easier to get rid of those unwilling spaces aesthetically with the help of newly developed restorative materials. Major diastema may frequently occur due to high frenulum junctions thus causing unaesthetic outlook for some patients. In this case report a maxillary major diastema due to high frenulum was closed non-invasively with direct, prepless composite resin restorations. In this case frenectomy, office bleaching and direct prepless restorations was respectively planned. Six weeks were waited for periodontal tissue healing after frenectomy operation and then bleaching procedure was done using 40% hydrogen peroxide gel ( Opalescence Xtra Boost, Ultradent, USA ). Following vital bleaching; after 2 weeks, universal adhesive agent (Universal bond, Kuraray Noritake, Japan) was applied to the etched enamel surfaces (36% phosphoric acid etching with DeTrey Conditioner 36, Dentsply, Germany). Direct composite resin restorations was done using “A1B” and “NE” shades ( Estelite Asteria, Tokuyama Dental, Japan ). Polishing discs (SofLex, 3M ESPE, USA), interdental strips (Epitex, GC, Japan) and two spiral polishing twists (Twist Dia, Kuraray, Japan) was used during the finishing and polishing stages. The success of the final restorations were assessed in 3 month, 9 month and 18 month follow ups.

Objectives: Lately, computer-aided design (CAD) computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems with simplified procedures for indirect restoration have gained rapid improvements and commenced to be used in daily practice of dental clinicians. The aim of this pilot in vitro study was to analyze the bonding efficiency and observation of the failure mode of hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM block materials after termo-cycling, with different immediate dentin sealing (IDS) techniques. Materials and Methods: Eighteen freshly extracted human molars were selected, and mounted with acrylic resin, fixed the root up to 2.0 mm under the cementoenamel junction. Standardized, flat, nonretentive, midcoronal dentin surfaces were prepared. Using the stratified random sampling process, all teeth (N=18) were divided into groups of three by approximately similar sizes; afterwards, these teeth were randomly distributed into the test groups 1, 2 and 3 (n = 6). The specimens from groups 2 and 3 received IDS, whereas delayed dentin sealing was carried out for specimens group 1. For IDS materials, universal adhesive system G-Premio Bond (GC, Tokyo, Japan) and highly filled flowable resin composite G-aenial Universal Flo (GC, Tokyo, Japan) were used. All block material specimens were prepared using the cutting instrument (IsoMet 1000; Buehler, USA) and were fitted with a standardized 3x3-mm3 cubes cutted out of a CAD/CAM block of hybrid ceramic (Cerasmart, GC; Tokyo, Japan). Dual-polymerized resin cement G-CEM Link Force (GC, Tokyo, Japan) was utilized to lute restoration materials for all groups. To test the shear bond strength (SBS) each of the specimens was placed in a jig with 90o to the vertical plane and tested a universal testing machine (Shimadzu AG-IS; Shimadzu Corp). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data of the SBS. Results were evaluated statistically significant for p0,05). Bond failure rates showed similar results in all groups, where the most frequent failure pattern detected was ‘adhesive type’. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this in vitro pilot study, the following conclusion was drawn: Different IDS procedures tested does not statistically (p, Amaç: Günümüz diş hekimliği pratiğinde indirekt restorasyonların üretiminde CAD/CAM teknolojisinin kullanımı oldukça yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu pilot çalışmada dentin yüzeylerine uygulanan farklı IDS prosedürlerinin, hibrit seramik CAD/CAM restoratif materyalin dentine bağlanma dayanımına etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 18 tane yeni çekilmiş büyük azı dişi mine sement sınırının 2 mm altından akrilik rezin içerisine gömülerek sabitlendi. Tüm dişler (N=18) düz dentin yüzeyleri oluşturulacak şekilde prepare edildi. Birbirine yakın boyutlardaki dişler rastgele olmak üzere eşit sayıdaki 3 test grubuna (n=6) ayrıldı. Grup 2 ve Grup 3 örneklerine IDS tekniği uygulanırken Grup 1 örneklerine bu teknik uygulanmadı. IDS tekniğinde yüksek miktarda doldurucu içeren G-Premio Bond (GC, Tokyo, Japonya) universal adezivi ve G-aenial Universal Flo (GC, Tokyo, Japan) akışkan kompozit rezini kullanıldı. Tüm hibrit seramik CAD/CAM blok materyal (Cerasmart, GC; Tokyo, Japan) örnekleri kesme cihazında (IsoMet 1000; Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) 3x3 mm3 lük küpler halinde hazırlandı. Tüm örneklerin simantasyonunda dual polimerize rezin siman G-CEM Link Force (GC, Tokyo, Japonya) kullanıldı. Makaslama bağlantı kuvvetlerinin hesaplanmasında tüm örnekler için universal test cihazı (Shimadzu AG-IS; Shimadzu Corp) kullanıldı. Tüm veriler İstatistiksel olarak tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılarak değerlendirildi.. Sonuçlar p0,05). Bütün örneklerin kopma yerleri optik mikroskopta değerlendirilmiş ve tüm gruplarda en sık ‘adeziv kopma’ gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu in vitro pilot çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde, düz dentin yüzeylerine farklı immediat dentin kapama prosedürleri uygulanması, tümü G-CEM Link Force ile simante edilen hibrit seramik CAD/CAM materyalinin dentine olan makaslama bağlantı kuvvetini etkilememiştir.

The aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxicity of three different nano composite resins (CRs) on human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cell lines. These CRs selected were nanohybrid organic monomer-based Admira Fusion (AF), nanohybrid Bis-(acryloyloxymethyl) tricyclo 5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 decane-based Charisma Topaz (CT), and supra nano filled resin-based Estelite Quick Sigma (EQS). MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of CRs at 24 h and one week. AF and EQS applied on hGF cells at 24 h and one week demonstrated similar cytotoxic outcomes. Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells at one week was higher than 24 h (p = 0.04). Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells was higher at 24 h (p = 0.002) and one week (p = 0.009) compared to control. All composites showed higher cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells at one week than the 24 h (AF, p = 0.02, CT, p = 0.02, EQS, p = 0.04). AF and EQS demonstrated lower cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells than the control group at 24 h (AF, p = 0.01, EQS, p = 0.001). CT was found more cytotoxic on hPDLF cells than the control (p = 0.01) and EQS group (p = 0.008) at one week. The cytotoxicity of CRs on hGF and hPDLF cells vary, according to the type of composites, cell types, and exposure time.

One of the most critical steps of the resin restoration technique is adhesion. Mechanical stress during the restoration can displace or even causes fracture the restoration. Recently, new self-etch adhesive materials can reach optimal shear bond strengths although they aren’t as good as etch and rinse technique, which is gold standard. Their solvent type may classify adhesives into many groups.Aim: This study evaluated the effect of solvents to shear bond strength (SBS) and how they have been effected by the aging procedure; immediate and after thermo-cycle. Material and methods: Forty intact human molars were randomly divided in 4 groups. While 2 groups were restored by using ethanol/water containing adhesive (Tetric N-Bond Universal, Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) the others were restored by using 3 different solvent containing adhesive (Optibond All-in-one, Kerr, USA) which include; acetone, ethanol and water. And both of two groups were subdivided as immediate and after termocycled aging. Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) was used as composite in all groups. The immediate groups were tested after 24 hour following the polymerization and the termocycled groups were tested after 10000-termocycled application. P

Objective: This case report represents a direct, prepless treatment of discolored anterior teeth due to Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) defect following microabrasion and vital bleaching.Methods: Following clinical and radiological examinations, the discolored, teeth were microabraded with a microabrasive agent containing 6.6% HCI (hydrochloric acid) and silicone carbide particles. Then the teeth were bleached by using 40% hydrogen peroxide. Finally direct composite restorations were performed with A2 shade. Polishing procedure was done by using polishing discs and spiral wheels.Result: The restorations were evaluated in terms of retention, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, anatomical form, secondary caries, surface texture, shade match, and postoperative sensitivity according to ‘The Modified United States Public Health Service’ (USPHS) criterias at 3rd, 9th and 18th months. Nevertheless, it was detected slight abrasion at 18-month follow-up on the labial surfaces of teeth #11 and #21, all the scores were considered as acceptable.Conclusion: The microabrasion, vital bleaching and direct composite restoration combination is considered as a promising treatment method for MIH effected teeth under the conditions of this study.

In this study, the thermal behavior in terms of glass transition (T g), degradation, and thermal stability of four commercial new-generation posterior bulk fill composites (Surefill SDR, Dentsply; Quixfill, Dentsply; Xtrabase, Voco; and Xtrafill, Voco) activated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The activation energies (E a) for the decomposition of the dental resins were calculated based on the Kissinger and Doyle kinetic models from the peaks of the endothermic curves obtained when the specimens were heated at four different temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min−1) during DSC. The results show that the Xtrabase composite displayed the highest T g (120 °C at a 5 °C min−1 heating rate) and E a (157.64 kJ mol−1) values associated with thermal degradation from the main chain of the polymer.

The objective of this study was to investigate the full in-vitro analyses of new-generation bulk-fill dental composites cured by halogen light (HLG). Two types' four composites were studied: Surefill SDR (SDR) and Xtra Base (XB) as bulk-fill flowable materials; QuixFill (QF) and XtraFill (XF) as packable bulk-fill materials. Samples were prepared for each analysis and test by applying the same procedure, but with different diameters and thicknesses appropriate to the analysis and test requirements. Thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis; the Vickers microhardness (VHN) was measured after 1, 7, 15 and 30days of storage in water. The degree of conversion values for the materials (DC, %) were immediately measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface morphology of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) analyses. The sorption and solubility measurements were also performed after 1, 7, 15 and 30days of storage in water. In addition to his, the data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and both the Newman Keuls and Tukey multiple comparison tests. The statistical significance level was established at p

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı diş fırçası ve beyazlatıcı etkili dişmacunları ile fırçalama sonrası dört farklı kompozitin (hibrid, nanohibrid, nanofil ve siloran yapıda) yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve mikro sertliğinin in vitro incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 80 adet örnek; Kontrol, Colgate Hareketli Beyazlatıcı Diş fırçası (CWT), Opalescence Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunu (OWT) ve Beyond Pearl White Diş Macunu (BPW) olmak üzere 4 ana gruba ayrıldı (n=20). Kontrol grubundaki örnekler 2 hafta boyunca distile suda bekletildi. Deney gruplarında ise; CWT ile sadece distile su ile fırçalama yapılırken; OWT ve de BPW dişmacunları ile ise günde 2 dakikadan 14 gün boyunca fırçalama yapıldı. 14 gün sonra yüzey pürüzlülüğü değeri (Sa) temassız üç boyutlu lazer profilometresi ile değerlendirilirken; yüzey sertlik değerleri Vickers testi ile ölçüldü. SEM incelemesi, x750 büyütmede yapıldı. İstatistiksel olarak Kruskal Wallis, post Hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison, Mann Whitney U testleri grupların karşılaştırılmasında kullanıldı. İstatistiksel değerlendirme p, Purpose: Purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the effect of brushing and two different whitening toothpaste brushing on surface roughness and microhardness of four different type of composites (hybrid, nanohybrid, nanofilledand silorane based composites). Material and Methods: 80 composite samples were prepared. Samples were classified into 4 main groups (n=20): Control,Colgate Motion Whitening Toothbrush (CWT),Opalescence Whitening Toothpaste (OWT) and Beyond Pearl White Toothpaste (BPW). Control group was stored in distilled water for 14 day, as baseline. CWT brushing were applied 2 minutes a day with distilled water or OWT or BPW for 14 days. After 14 days, surface roughness (Sa) was measured by noncontact 3D laser profilometer and surface hardness (VHN) were measured by Vickers tester. SEM Evaluation was done under x750. Kruskal Wallis, post Hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison, Mann Whitney U tests were used in the comparison of groups. Statistical significance level was established at p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal, spectral, and surface properties of four different bulk fill materials – SureFil SDR (SDR, Dentsplay DETREY), QuixFil (QF, Dentsplay DETREY), X-tra base (XB, Voco) X-tra fil (XF, Voco) – polymerized by light-emitting diode (LED). Resin matrix, filler type, size and amount, and photoinitiator types influence the degree of conversion. LED-cured bulk fill composites achieved sufficient polymerization. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed different patterns of surface roughness, depending on the composite material. Bulk fill materials showed surface characteristics similar to those of nanohybrid composites. Based on the thermal analysis results, glass transition (Tg) and initial degradation (Ti) temperatures changed depending on the bulk fill resin composites.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of IPS Empress ceramic onlays luted with two dual-cured adhesive resin cements for endodontically treated teeth. Twenty molar teeth were restored with all-ceramic restorations luted randomly with Maxcem or Clearfil Esthetic Cement and DC Bond Kit luting systems (n = 10 each) in 20 patients. The restorations were assessed using modified US Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years. A statistically significant deterioration was found for the criteria marginal integrity, anatomical form, and surface roughness. For luting of ceramic onlays, no difference between the two luting systems was detected.

Background: The effect of bleaching on enamel surfaces, as well as exploring methods of preventing the weakening of bond strength of two different adhesives to bleached enamel surfaces. Objective: This study compared the shear bond strength (SBS) of two different adhesives on bleached enamel immediately after bleaching, with a 1-week delay, and following application of an antioxidizing agent after bleaching. Materials and Methods : The enamel surfaces of 140 incisors were divided into 14 groups. Two unbleached enamel groups (n = 20) were prepared as negative controls of the Adper Single Bond 2 total.etch and Clearfil Tri S Bond self.etch adhesives. The remaining surfaces were randomly divided into two bleaching groups treated with 35% Beyond Max (n = 60) and 38% Opalescence Xtra Boost (n = 60). Each bleaching group was then divided into two subgroups using the total and self.etch adhesive systems. Specimens were bonded immediately after bleaching, after treatment with 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) gel, or after 1-week of immersion in artificial saliva. All groups were restored with composite resin. After thermocycling, SBS was measured and data were analyzed. Results : In the control groups, there was no statistically.significant difference in SBS between self.and total-etch adhesives. Among all bleaching groups, no statistically.significant differences in SBS were noted, although the SA.treated delayed bonding (1-week) groups had the highest values. The lowest values were noted for the groups bonded immediately after bleaching. Key words: Antioxidant effect, bleaching agents, dental adhesives, dental enamel, shear bond strength