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The development of using mitochondrial transplantation in medical therapy are currently discussed. According to the endosymbiotic theory, the movement of mitochondria between different cells is possible. Therefore, an idea of transferring the mitochondria purified from the cells with a limited lifespan to shorten the lifespan of immortal cancer cells was generated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) is a kind of primary cell with a limited lifespan. In the present study, the mitochondria purified from HUVEC were applied to alter the malignance of B16F10 melanoma cell. In the comparison of the basic function of mitochondria, HUVEC mitochondria exhibited a higher mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), while the lower levels in ATP, mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) and mitochondrial protein (mt-protein) as compared to melanoma B16F10. After transplanted the B16F10 with HUVEC mitochondria, the migration, invasion, and the proteins involved in cancer stemness were decreased, however, the proteins involved in cell proliferation, such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 were increased. In addition, the levels of ATP, mt-DNA and mt-protein of B16F10 were also reduced. As for the dynamics of mitochondria, the reduced expressions of DRP1 and LC3 II revealed that transferred mitochondria can attenuate the mitophagy of B16F10. In mice, inoculated the B16F10 carrying the transplanted HUVEC mitochondria resulted in the larger size of tumor, which is corresponded to the higher levels of cyclin D1 and E1. Interestingly, the lower expressions of N-cadherin, α-SMA and MMP-9 reveled the tumor were decreased in mesenchymal characteristics. Therefore, despite the HUVEC mitochondria did not inhibit the proliferation of B16F10, the metastatic characteristic was reduced.

Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome are distinct neurodevelopmental disorders that are associated with the deletion of the chromosomal 15q11-13 region or uniparental disomy of chromosome 15. In this article, we applied SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR and melting curve analysis assay for rapid genotyping of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene methylation status and for detecting aberrations in copy number in a single tube. A single pair of primers was designed to create a 357 bp fragment containing the cytosine phosphodiester guanine islands in the SNRPN promoter and to amplify both unmethylated and methylated sequences. Genotypes were identified based on the TC value for copy number changes and the characteristic melting temperature of methylated cytosine phosphodiester guanine. Genotyping of SNRPN was performed on blood samples of 20 individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome, 3 individuals with Angelman syndrome, and 20 unaffected individuals. The promoter methylation status and the copy number changes were successfully determined and compared with standard methylation-specific PCR, and were validated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. This single-tube, SYBR Green I, real-time PCR with melting curve assay is rapid, reliable, sensitive, and easy to perform. It is suitable for high-throughput analysis as an alternative technique for quantitative and qualitative analysis of target genes.

In this paper, the reliable SiN x /AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs on silicon substrate with improved trap-related characteristics have been well demonstrated. The devices with our proposed treatment method showed less deep-level traps and more Si surface donors at SiN x -AlGaN interface. The trap related device characteristics are also improved by using our optimized treatment method. The devices with proposed treatment method exhibit less current collapse and better positive bias temperature stability of threshold voltage. All the results suggest that the proposed treatment method is very effective to improve the slow-trap related device reliability.

Color shift on off-axis angles is key issue of the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polarizer. In this paper, color shift issues on various azimuthal and viewing angles of back light unit assembled with CLC polarizers are analyzed by optical simulation. We found that smaller NZ value of quarter-wave plate (QWP) of our samples will compensate the color shift issue more efficiently. Although abnormal dispersion type QWP gives the best performance at the on-axis viewing angles, at large viewing angle its color shift is depending on azimuthal angle and bandwidth of CLC polarizers. Besides, a single layer type CLC polarizer of gradient pitch over a shorter bandwidth has better color coordinate property also be performed.