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The imagery colors of traditional ethnic costumes are unique and have great reference value for modern design. In this paper, 3 representative minority costume images of Miao, Tibetan, and Korean were respectively selected as imagery sources, and 20 different structure types of patterns were chosen as the object to be colored. Image pre-processing, adaptive color extraction, and multi-dimensional features extraction were executed to build a color nexus network model. Based on the color parsing results, an algorithm for color migration of clothing images was designed and developed, which could output multiple types of color schemes. The overall rating of each color scheme was compared to introduce the optimal scheme. Also, the experimental part tested the effect of the color schemes in various scenarios. The average pre-processing time cost of a single image is 0.05 seconds, the output time of the color network diagram is 0.38 seconds, and the output time of a single-color scheme is 1.44 seconds. The study can quickly provide an auxiliary decision for contemporary pattern color design.

In order to fast identify and realistic simulate embroidery art, the respective texture characteristics of basic stitch in Simulation embroidery were extracted and preferred. Concretely, three feature extraction methods – gray co-occurrence matrix method (GLCM), Tamura method and gray difference statistics method (GDS), are combined to extract the features of embroidery needlework, and the best respected characteristics were compared and verified. Results shows that the best feature combination of needle texture in this paper is energy standard deviation, energy mean, standard deviation of moment of inertia, and mean of moment of inertia, which is defined as energy-moment of inertia feature. The proposed method effectively solves the inaccurate problem with single feature in the recognition of needle texture features, can be help for needlework recognition and virtual simulation.

In order to reduce the interference of stripe signal on the density automatic measurement of woven fabric and extend the the application scope, an adaptive Gaussian Notch Filtering (GNF) algorithm based on Fast Fourier transform is proposed. In the pre-proceesing stage, the Fourier transform was utilized to transform the woven fabric bitmap to spectral image, as to obtain the spectral characteristics of the striped fabric. The improved GNF algorithm was used to identify the peak of stripe signal, which determined the bandwidth radius and locate the stripe bright area. Based on the fused Fourier and GNF spectral map, interference frequency information was accurately removed and spatial map was restored to approximate pure color fabric image. Finally, the Morlet wavelet is utilized to analysis the density of the striped printed fabric. The experimental results show that the average subjective-objective consistency rate (AS-OCR) of the designed sample is 99.34%, and the range is 97.33%∼100%. The AS-OCR of the actual sample is 98.73%, ranging from 95.00% to 100%. The proposed method can effectively obtain the density of stripe printed woven fabric and expand the application scope of fabric density automatic detection.

The excellent mechanical properties and high-water retention of hydrogels will expand the application in the field of biomedical materials. In this work, we prepared hydrogel based on methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA), sulfobetaine and quaternized chitosan (QCS) by “one-pot” method. GelMA acts as cross-linking agent to cross-link the PSBMA network. QCS chains are interspersed in the PSBMA network. The hydrogel obtained after the polymerization initiated by ultraviolet light is further immersed in glycerin for solvent replacement. The hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties with a breaking stress of 4.73 MPa and a breaking strain of 160%. After 100 successive loading–unloading cycles, the hydrogel remains intact and the maximum load decreases slightly. In addition, the hydrogel has excellent antifreeze properties and remains flexible and transparent after being placed at − 20 °C for three days. Antibacterial experiments proved that hydrogel could effectively resist the adhesion of E. coli. In the trypsin solution, the hydrogel will be degraded, and the degradation rate can be regulated by trypsin concentration. The hydrogel also has good water retention and biocompatibility and is expected to be used in biological tissue replacement and medical devices.

Recycled polyester textile fibers stemming from waste polyester material have been applied in the textile industry in recent years. However, there are few studies focusing on the evaluation and comparison of the environmental impacts caused by the production of virgin polyester textiles and recycled polyester textiles. In this study, the carbon footprint and water footprint of virgin polyester textiles and recycled polyester textiles were calculated and compared. The results showed that the carbon footprint of the virgin polyester textiles production was 119.59 kgCO2/100 kg. Terephthalic acid production process occupied the largest proportion, accounting for 45.83%, followed by polyester fabric production process, ethylene production process, paraxylene production process, ethylene glycol production process and polyester fiber production process. The total carbon footprint of waste polyester recycling was 1154.15 kgCO2/100 kg, approximately ten times that of virgin polyester textiles production. As for the water footprint, it showed that virgin polyester fabric production and recycled polyester fabric production both had great impact on water eutrophication and water scarcity. Chemical oxygen demand caused the largest water eutrophication footprint, followed by ammonia-nitrogen and five-day biochemical oxygen demand. The water scarcity footprint of virgin polyester fabric production and recycled polyester fabric production was 5.98 m3 H2Oeq/100 kg and 1.90 m3 H2Oeq/100 kg, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of carbon footprint and water footprint with the life cycle assessment polygon method indicated that the polyester fabric production process exhibited greater environmental impacts both for virgin polyester and recycled polyester.

A significant amount of research has been published on the environmental impact assessment of cotton textiles using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. This review summarized and analysed the findings of these publications, and presented valuable insights for identifying the hotspots that have considerable potential for reducing the environmental burden of cotton textiles. The relevant papers were selected according to two criteria: life cycle assessment of cotton textiles or footprint of cotton textiles. Subsequently, key features were screened and critically analysed: functional unit, system boundary, data sources and geographic location, and impact assessment methods and impact categories. We found that there is an emerging market demand to transform conventional cotton to organic cotton. From the global perspective, a spatially explicit LCA of cotton textiles should be conducted. In addition, a comprehensive and holistic life cycle impact assessment containing more impact categories that are appropriate to cotton textiles is required. LCA is a well-justified approach among practitioners and researchers and has been widely applied to the topic of cotton textiles. This methodology should be studied and developed further to more precisely evaluate the environmental impacts of cotton textiles.

Heavy metals discharged from textile production have serious impacts on human beings and the environment. Chemical footprint (ChF) methodology is an important method in quantifying the environmental loads of discharged chemical pollutants. With the help of ChF methodology, this study used the mean impact method to assess the environmental loads of heavy metals discharged from a textile enterprise. The results showed that the ChFs of discharged heavy metals calculated based on the aquatic environment of Lake Tai and Lake Poyang were 1.43E+8L and 4.64E+8L respectively. Zinc was the largest contributor, followed by copper, lead and cadmium for the two lakes.

Currently, signed network representation has been applied to many fields, e.g., recommendation platforms. A mainstream paradigm of network representation is to map nodes onto a low-dimensional space, such that the node proximity of interest can be preserved. Thus, a key aspect is the node proximity evaluation. Accordingly, three new node proximity metrics were proposed in this study, based on the rigorous theoretical investigation on a new distance metric - signed average first-passage time (SAFT). SAFT derives from a basic random-walk quantity for unsigned networks and can capture high-order network structure and edge signs. We conducted network representation using the proposed proximity metrics and empirically exhibited our advantage in solving two downstream tasks - sign prediction and link prediction. The code is publicly available.

Social media sites are now becoming very important platforms for product promotion or marketing campaigns. Therefore, there is broad interest in determining ways to guide a site to react more positively to a product with a limited budget. However, the practical significance of the existing studies on this subject is limited for two reasons. First, most studies have investigated the issue in oversimplified networks in which several important network characteristics are ignored. Second, the opinions of individuals are modeled as bipartite states(e.g., support or not) in numerous studies, however, this setting is too strict for many real scenarios. In this study, we focus on social trust networks(STNs), which have the significant characteristics ignored in the previous studies. We generalized a famed continuous-valued opinion dynamics model for STNs, which is more consistent with real scenarios. We subsequently formalized two novel problems for solving the issue in STNs. Moreover, we developed two matrix-based methods for these two problems and experiments on real-world datasets to demonstrate the practical utility of our methods., Accepted by IJCAI 2020. SOLE copyright holder is IJCAI (international Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence)

In order to understand the impact of mechanical action on the wrinkling of cotton fabrics in a drum washer, fabric movement was observed and a movement index system was developed to characterize the textile motion. Results showed that wash load and spinning speed were the major factors influencing the smoothness of cotton fabrics, with a p value of 0.032 and 0.00 respectively at 95% confidence level. The analysis of fabric movement illustrated that when the wash load increased, the free motion region decreases and the ratio of passive motion region increase, resulting in severe wrinkling of cotton fabric.A regression model was developed to characterize the relationship between fabric movement and smoothness.. These findings help the understanding of the mechanism of wrinkling during a drum washer washing.

Developing effective network embedding methods for social trust networks (STNs) is a non-trivial problem because two key pieces of information need to be preserved simultaneously: a user's relations to latent factors and the trust transfer patterns that govern what type of relationship will form. In this study, we propose a novel social trust network embedding method (STNE) to address these issues. Specifically, we present a modified Skip-Gram model with negative sampling to jointly learn latent factor features, along with the trust transfer pattern features. Moreover, we define a flexible notion about a user's latent relationships with other users, which generates reliable negative samples for optimization. Extensive experiments on several real-world networks demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed STNE.

Traditional computer vision methods cannot match human performance well on fabric smoothness classification, as this is a subjective assessment based on sparse, comprehensive and low-cost visual perception. This paper reports a new assessment method of fabric smoothness appearance, including feature designing and wrinkle classification. A multidimensional feature was designed by generalizing vector quantization of dense scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptors for sparse coding and max pooling. Sparse coding provides clear understanding about the receptive fields of visual neurons and can build a codebook from the low features. A one-against-rest linear support vector machine (SVM) was utilized to classify the nine grades of smoothness and quantized to level 0.1 by space distance. Results showed that the proposed approach achieved remarkable classification accuracy in comparison with Bag-of-Feature (BOF) and Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) algorithms.

To ascertain anti-fatigue constituents and mechanisms of Herpetospermum caudigerum.The 80% ethanol extracts of Herpetospermum caudigerum were partitioned with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. Male Kunming mice were divided into 13 groups with 16 mice in each group: a control group fed with water, 9 groups treated with 3 fractions of Herpetospermum caudigerum (chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction) at dose of 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg for the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group, 3 herpetrione (HPE) treated groups fed with HPE at dose of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg for the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group. All animals were treated once per day for 30 days. Anti-fatigue activity was assessed through the forced swimming test and serum biochemical parameters including blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic glycogen (HG), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) determined following the recommended procedures provided by the commercial kits.Compared with the control group, the lignans extract (ethyl acetate fraction) of Herpetospermum caudigerum and HPE could signifificantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time (P0.05 or P0.01), and also increased the HG levels (P0.05 or P0.01) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and LDH, P0.05 or P0.01); BLA and MDA levels were decreased considerably in lignans extract and HPE treated groups (P0.05 or P0.01). HPE also could significantly decrease the BUN contents compared with the control group (P0.05). The chloroform and n-butanol fraction showed no effect on swimming time and biochemical parameters.The lignans extract had antifatigue activities and HPE may be partly responsible for the anti-fatigue effects of Herpetospermum caudigerum. The possible mechanisms of anti-fatigue activity were related to the decrease of BUN and BLA, the increase of the HG storage and protecting corpuscular membrane by preventing lipid oxidation via modifying several enzyme activities.

The aim of this study was to develop hyperoside (Hyp) nanocrystals to enhance its dissolution rate, oral bioavailability and anti-HBV activity. Hyp nanocrystals were prepared using high pressure homogenization technique followed by lyophilization. A Box-Behnken design approach was employed for process optimization. The physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and anti-HBV activity in vivo of Hyp nanocrystal prepared with the optimized formulation were systematically investigated. Hyp nanocrystals prepared with the optimized formulation was found to be rod shaped with particle size of 384 ± 21 nm and PDI of 0.172 ± 0.027. XRPD studies suggested slight crystalline change in drug. Dissolution rate obtained from Hyp nanocrystals were markedly higher than pure Hyp. The nanocrystals exhibited enhanced Cmax (7.42 ± 0.73 versus 3.80 ± 0.66 mg/L) and AUC0 - t (193.61 ± 16.30 versus 91.92 ± 17.95 mg·h/L) with a 210.63% increase in relative bioavailability. Hyp nanocrystals exhibited significantly greater anti-HBV activity than Hyp. These results suggested that the developed nanocrystals formulation had a great potential as a viable approach to enhance the bioavailability of Hyp.

Signed network representation is a key problem for signed network data. Previous studies have shown that by preserving multi-order signed proximity (SP), expressive node representations can be learned. However, multi-order SP cannot be perfectly encoded using limited samples extracted from random walks, which reduces effectiveness. To perfectly encode multi-order SP, we have innovatively integrated the informativeness of infinite samples to construct high-level summaries of multi-order SP without explicit sampling. Based on these summaries, we propose a method called SPMF, in which node representations are obtained using low-rank matrix approximation. Furthermore, we theoretically investigate the rationality of SPMF by examining its relationship with a powerful representation learning architecture. In sign inference and link prediction tasks with several real-world datasets, SPMF is empirically competitive compared with state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, two tricks are designed for improving the scalability of SPMF. One trick aims to filter out less informative summaries, and another one is inspired by kernel techniques. Both tricks empirically improve scalability while preserving effective performance. The code for our methods is publicly available.

Supplemental Material for The mechanism of wrinkling of cotton fabric in a front-loading washer: The effect of mechanical action by Hong Liu, Hugh Gong, Pinghua Xu, Xuemei Ding and Xiongying Wu in Textile Research Journal

Online fashion shopping platforms presenting 2D images or adjustable fitting models cannot meet individual fitting demands, especially special body types. In this paper, we present a novel virtual reconstruction system based on multiview stereo (MVS) which can rapidly output 3D point cloud and reconstruct body shape. Concretely, overlapped photos were taken with interaction from different views to cover the whole body. The larger set of disordered photos then were serialized as sequence images and a sparse set of matched key points were detected based on image scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT). Multi-View stereopsis based on image features was used to outline dense cloud points. The proposed algorithm can automatically reconstruct individual body and output dense 3D points without expensive apparatus and special scanning environment. It also can be interfaced with major measurement software for individual body measurement, which is useful to consumers for just-in-time measurements and online fashion shopping.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Herpetospermum caudigerum (HCD) is traditionally used for the treatment of liver diseases, cholic diseases, and dyspepsia as a well-known Tibetan medicine in China. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of HCD and ascertain its active ingredients and possible mechanism. Materials and methods Mice were orally administrated with different parts (seeds, testa and kernel) and fractions of HCD. The hepatoprotective activities of different parts (seeds, testa and kernel) and three fractions (petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and aqueous fraction) with different polarities of HCD and herpetrione (HPE) isolated from HCD were determined using a mouse model of CCl 4 -induced liver injury based on the analysis of serum ALT and AST activities and the changes of antioxidant parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the liver. Moreover, the chemical analysis of different parts and fractions of HCD was later analyzed by HPLC. Results Our results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction and HPE significantly alleviated liver injury as indicated by the decreased levels of serum ALT and AST and reduce the pathological tissue damage induced by CCl 4 . Moreover, they decreased the MDA content and increased the levels of SOD, GSH and GSH-Px. Chemical analysis indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction were rich in HPE. Conclusions The lignans extract of Herpetospermum caudigerum is effective for the prevention of CCl 4 -induced hepatic damage in mice and HPE may be partially responsible for the pharmacological effect of hepatoprotection. The hepatoprotective effect may be related to its free radical scavenging effect, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant activity.

Generally, image-based evaluation on the performance of textile appearance such as smoothness and pilling was interfered by fabric pattern, color, and illumination. In this paper, a new method was used to reconstruct a 3D surface of fabric based on image’s features which could eliminate the influence of surface texture. Concretely, two parallel-placed digital cameras were calibrated based on planar pattern and the captured binocular images were rectified through epipolar line. The feature points of binocular images were extracted by the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform which could detect and describe local features of images was insensitive to transformations and colors. Based on the similarity in descriptor and a geometric constraint, pairs of sparse matched points were detected and were regarded as the source points of diffusion regions. Remaining points of the overlapped areas were then matched based on normalized cross correlation in “best-first” principle. The outputs of the system included a surfac...

Cucurbitacin B (Cu B), a potent anti-cancer agent, suffers with the problems of water-insoluble, gastrointestinal side effects and non-specific toxicity via oral administration and drawbacks in patient's compliance and acceptance through injections. An integration of nanoscale carriers with mucoadhesive buccal films drug delivery system would resolve these issues effectively with greater therapeutic benefits and clinical significance. Thus, the drug loaded mucoadhesive buccal film was developed and characterized in this study and the carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) was chosen as a bioadhesive polymer, glycerol was chosen as a plasticizer and phospholipid-bile salts-mixed micelles (PL-BS-MMs) was selected as the nanoscale carriers. The CCS-films containing Cu B loaded PL-SDC-MMs was evaluated for the mechanical properties, mucoadhesion properties, in vitro water-uptake, in vitro release and morphological properties, respectively. The optimal CCS-films containing Cu B loaded PL-SDC-MMs was easily reconstituted in a transparent and clear solution with spherical micelles in the submicron range. The in vivo study revealed a greater and more extended release of Cu B from nanoscale CCS-films compared to that from a conventional CCS films (C-CCS-films) and oral marketed tablet (Hulusupian). The absorption of Cu B from CCS-films containing Cu B loaded PL-SDC-MMs resulted in 2.69-fold increased in bioavailability as compared to conventional tablet formulation and 10.46 times with reference to the C-CCS-films formulation. Thus, this kind of mucoadhesive buccal film might be an alternative safe route for delivery of Cu B with better patient compliance and higher bioavailability for the treatments.

To prepare tanshinone ⅡA loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (Tan ⅡA-NLC), and study its in vitro transdermal permeation characteristics. The Tan ⅡA-NLC was prepared by high pressure homogenization technology and optimized by Box-Behnken design-response surface method, and it was characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, zeta potention, et al. The transdermal permeation of Tan ⅡA-NLC was evaluated by using Franz diffusion cells. The results showed that, the optimal formulation was as follows: drug/lipid materials ratio 88, GMS/MCT ratio 2, emulsifier concentration 1%, average particle size (182±14) nm, polydispersity index PDI (0.190 6±0.024 5), zeta potential (－27.8± 5.4) mV, encapsulation efficiency EE (86.44%±9.26%) and drug loading DL (0.98%±0.18%), respectively. The in vitro transdermal permeation results showed that as compared with Tan ⅡA solution, Tan ⅡA-NLC had lower transdermal permeation amount after applying drug for 24 h, but its retention in the epidermis was 3.18 times that of solution. These results indicated that the prepared Tan ⅡA-NLC could effectively increase the regention of Tan ⅡA in the epidermis, and had a broad application prospect.

To study the absorption kinetics of paeoniflorin lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (Pae-LLCN) in different intestinal segments of rats and compare them with paeoniflorin(Pae) solution. Rat everted gut sac models were adopted for intestinal absorption test, and Pae content was determined by HPLC method to study the absorption characteristics of Pae-LLCN in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, and investigate the effects of different drug concentrations on intestinal absorption. Results showed that Pae-LLCN and Pae were well absorbed at different intestine segments and different concentrations. The absorption constant Ka was increased with the increasing of the drug concentration, indicating possible passive absorption. The accumulative absorption volume Q and absorption constant Ka of Pae-LLCN were higher than those of Pae at each intestinal segment(P

To established an effective GC-MS /MS method for the contents determination of the residual DEHP in injection equipment, and investigate the effect of the pretreatment on the measurement. To simulate the clinical conditions of use, under the condition of 37 degrees C balance extraction, extract liquor by chloroform extraction, then the extract followed by analysis of GC-MS /MS. The method was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. The limits of quantitation (LOQ, S/N = 5) of cyclohexanone was 0.075 μg/mL, The spiked average recoveries ranged from 92% to 98%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the method ranged from 1.01% to 1.61%, The method was simple, fast, sensitive and accurate, and may serve as a mass control method for residual DEHP in injection equipment.

Zika virus disease is an acute infectious disease caused by Zika virus transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes. To explore the therapeutic effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Zika virus disease, the treatment process of the first imported case in China was reviewed.The first imported Zika virus disease in China was admitted to Ganxian People's Hospital in Jiangxi Province on February 6th, 2016, and the patient received isolation treatment for 9 days and cured later. The effect of antiviral treatments including Xiyanping injection was evaluated based on clinical diagnosis and treatment process of the patient.A 34-year old male patient was admitted with chief complaint of fever for 9 days, orbital pain and itching rash for 4 days on February 6th, 2016. (1) Epidemiological characteristics: the patient was bitted by mosquitoes during his business trip in Venezuela since January 1st, where Zika virus disease was spreading. On January 20th he had dizziness without fever, and the symptom disappeared after taking medicines without details. Paroxysmal dizziness, chills and mild fever without myalgia was experienced on January 28th. On February 3rd small red rash appeared in the neck, spreading to anterior part of chest, limbs and trunk, and the fever, fatigue, nausea was continued, and a new symptom of paroxysmal pain in back of ears and orbits appeared, during which he had not go to hospital. The symptoms relieved on February 4th. He returned to Ganxian County on February 5th, he had yellow stool 3 times with normal temperature, without abdominal pain, and red rash still appeared in the neck. He went to Ganxian People's Hospital on February 6th, 2016. (2) Clinical manifestation: the vital signs showed a temperature of 36.8?centigrade, a pulse rate of 80 bpm, a respiratory rate of 20 bpm, and a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). It was showed by physical examination that red rash appeared in the neck, and no superficial enlarged lymph nodes were found. Bilateral conjunctival congestion was obvious, physiological reflex existed and pathological reflex was not found. (3) Auxiliary lab test and examination: no abnormal finding were revealed throughout examination and laboratory tests, including routine blood test, liver function, renal function, serum myocardial enzyme, electrolyte, blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin I (TnI), and procalcitonin (PCT), except slight prolongation in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, 38.6 s) on February 6th; and slightly dense shadow in left lung in lung CT scan, considering inflammatory changes and slight emphysema (especially in the left lower lung) as well as bilateral renal calculus on February 8th. No significant abnormalities were found in electrocardiogram and B ultrasound test of liver, spleen, and pancreas. (4) Virus confirmation: Zika virus nucleic acid was positive reported by Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on February 7th and Chinese CDC on February 9th, respectively, though Dengue virus were negative reported by Ganzhou CDC on February 6th. Right after the first diagnosis, anyone who had been in close contact with the patient received medical monitoring. (5)Treatment process: on February 6th, symptomatic treatment was prescribed since admitted into the infectious isolation wards and daily intravenous drip of Xiyanping injection 250 mg was prescribed for antiviral therapy. On February 7th, the patient had no fever, with occasional chills, neck rash was disappeared, orbital pain relieved and bilateral conjunctival hyperemia range was paler and narrowed, and his condition improved. Ibuprofen was administered for defervesce 3 times a day when his temperature reached to 37.5?centigrade at 16:00. On February 8th, the patient had no fever, times of chills was significantly reduced, without myalgia and rash, orbital pain and conjunctival hyperemia further recovered. On February 9th, bilateral eyes slightly tingling, mild conjunctival congestion, no fever chills or other discomfort was found. The chloramphenicol eye drops was prescribed for relieving sting pain with conjunctival congestion twice a day as recombinant human interferon alpha eye drops was out of store. The patient was comfortable from February 11th to February 13th. Blood and urine test for Zika were reported negative by the Chinese CDC and Jiangxi Province CDC. Because all the discharge criteria were satisfied, the patient was discharged on February 14th.At present, there is no specific effective drug to prevent and treat Zika virus disease effectually. After receiving symptomatic treatment and antiviral treatments including Xiyanping injection, the patient's symptoms were relieved. Zika virus nucleic acid in blood and urine was negative. The patient was discharged. Combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine maybe a good method to prevent and treat Zika virus disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) on dermal delivery and therapeutic effect for frostbite of nanogel containing triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (GLT).GLT nanosuspension (GLT-NS) was prepared by high pressure homogenization and then suitably gelled to obtain GLT nanogel. The effects of TUS on GLT releasing from GLT nanogel and GLT permeation through the excised rat abdominal skin were evaluated. Moreover, a comparative study was also undertaken between different treatments of frostbite in rats: topical application of GLT nanogel (alone), TUS (alone) and GLT nanogel + TUS (plus).In the in vitro release study, TUS has no influence on drug release from the nanogel. Results of the in vitro transdermal study indicated that TUS significantly increased the cumulative amount of GLT permeating across and into the skin and reduced the lag time in comparison with passive diffusion (without TUS). As evidenced by the significant increase of wound healing area and the improvement in frostbite, TUS applied with simultaneous treatment method could improve the therapeutic effect of the GLT nanogel for frostbite.The present study revealed that the TUS can be effectively used to actively enhance topical delivery of GLT from nanogel and improve the therapeutic effect for frostbite in rats.

An effective GC method was established for contents determination of the residual solvent of cyclohexanone in infusion sets for single use. The cyclohexanone in infusion sets for single use products were extracted with circular pump, using ethylalcohol as the extraction solven, then the extract followed by analysis of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate, Cyclohexanone showed good linearity in the range of (5.5-190.9) μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 0, the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.133 μg/mL and limits of quantitation (S/N = 10) was 1.33 μg/mL. The spiked average recoveries ranged from 98% to 99%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the method ranged from 1.03% to 1.98%. The method was simple, fast, sensitive and accurate, and may serve as a mass control method for residual cyclohexanone in disposable infusion sets for single use.

Herpetospermum caudigerum (HCD) is traditionally used for the treatment of liver diseases, cholic diseases, and dyspepsia as a well-known Tibetan medicine in China. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of HCD and ascertain its active ingredients and possible mechanism.Mice were orally administrated with different parts (seeds, testa and kernel) and fractions of HCD. The hepatoprotective activities of different parts (seeds, testa and kernel) and three fractions (petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and aqueous fraction) with different polarities of HCD and herpetrione (HPE) isolated from HCD were determined using a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver injury based on the analysis of serum ALT and AST activities and the changes of antioxidant parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the liver. Moreover, the chemical analysis of different parts and fractions of HCD was later analyzed by HPLC.Our results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction and HPE significantly alleviated liver injury as indicated by the decreased levels of serum ALT and AST and reduce the pathological tissue damage induced by CCl4. Moreover, they decreased the MDA content and increased the levels of SOD, GSH and GSH-Px. Chemical analysis indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction were rich in HPE.The lignans extract of Herpetospermum caudigerum is effective for the prevention of CCl4-induced hepatic damage in mice and HPE may be partially responsible for the pharmacological effect of hepatoprotection. The hepatoprotective effect may be related to its free radical scavenging effect, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant activity.

The purpose of this study was to formulate stable Ganoderma lucidum (GLT) nanogels suitable for topical delivery with a view to improve the therapeutic effect for frostbite.GLT nanosuspensions were formulated using the high-pressure homogenization technique and then suitably gelled for characterized. In order to confirm the advantages of GLT nanogel for dermal application, skin permeation studies in vitro and pharmacodynamic evaluation in vivo were studied and compared with GLT-carbopol gel.The particle size analysis and SEM studies revealed that GLT nanosuspensions were still stably kept their particle size after suitably gelled by carbopol preparation. The drug content, pH, and spreadability of the GLT nanogel was found to be 99.23 ± 1.8%, 6.07 ± 0.1, and 26.42 (g·cm)/s, which were within acceptable limits. In vitro permeation studies through rat skin indicated that the amount of GLT permeated through skin of GLT nanogel after 24 h was higher than GLT-carbopol gel, and GLT nanogel increased the accumulative amount of GLT in epidermis five times than GLT-carbopol gel. No oedema and erythema were observed after administration of GLT nanogel on the rabbits' skin. Pharmacodynamic study showed that GLT nanogel was more effective than GLT-carbopol gel in treatment of frostbite.The GLT nanogel possess superior therapeutic effect for frostbite compared with the GLT-carbopol gel, which indicates that nanogels are eligible for the use as a suitable nanomedicine for dermal delivery of poorly soluble drugs such as GLT.