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Objectives: Gerontological education and intergenerational contact are proven strategies for effectively combating ageism. In this context, this study investigates the association between gerontological education, intergenerational contact, and ageism among dental students. Methods: Gerontological education from students' perspective, intergenerational contact, and ageism were assessed using a questionnaire containing sociodemographical aspects and an ageism scale (ASDS‐Braz). The sample included students enrolled in the final year of dental programs at three public universities in southern Brazil. A multilevel Poisson regression was conducted to assess factors associated with ASDS‐Braz scores. Results: A modest correlation was identified between dental schools in terms of reducing ageism, and a weak correlation was found between self‐reported race and ageism. Notably, statistically significant findings were observed across family relationship with older individuals: students who reported having a poor relationship with older adults in their families presented 45% higher ageism scores than did those with an excellent relationship. Conclusion: The results suggested that while some gerontological education was reported by the participants, it may not be sufficient to prepare dental students to provide effective oral healthcare to older adults and to reduce ageism among them. Additionally, reinforcing positive aspects of intergenerational relationships may be an additional strategy in combating ageism within this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of facial type and anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy of complete denture wearers on residual ridge height, masticatory performance, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and satisfaction levels.Materials and Methods: A total of 56 edentulous patients (mean age of 67.1 years) were radiographically evaluated prior to rehabilitation to determine residual ridge height in the maxilla and mandible, facial type, and anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. Masticatory performance tests with 40 chewing cycles were applied. The Dental Impact on Daily Living questionnaire was used to measure OHRQoL and satisfaction. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression.Results: Dolichofacial participants presented with significantly higher bone height than mesofacial and brachyfacial types in the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible and had more mandibular bone than mesofacial types in the premolar region. Class II patients presented significantly higher bone height than Class I participants in the anterior maxilla. Dolichofacial patients performed significantly better than brachyfacial patients in the masticatory performance test. Class I patients achieved more homogenous artificial food trituration than Class III patients (P < .05). High OHRQoL scores were reported in appearance and general performance irrespective of facial type or anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy.Conclusion: Dolichofacial patients had superior masticatory performance compared to brachyfacial patients. Class III patients showed a reduced capacity to homogenize the food bolus. Mesofacial, dolichofacial, and Class III patients reported the best perceptions of their OHRQoL. Anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy seems to be the main factor contributing to mastication impairments in totally edentulous patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate etiologies and diagnoses of maxillofacial trauma in emergency services in Brazil over a period of 10 years. Additionally, associations among sex, age, accident location, and dependent variables were analyzed. Understanding the epidemiology of trauma and the physiology of aging is important in maintaining health and bettering service for the elderly population. Materials and methods The primary mode of investigation was analysis of medical records from 2003 to 2013. These researchers recorded the diagnosis and etiology of the trauma, the location where the accident occurred, and the sex and age of the participants. Variable categories were compared using Chi-squared distribution, and logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors. Results Of the 677 individuals analyzed, the female sex was predominant (57.61%) and the most prevalent age ranges were between 60 and 69 years (40.18%) and between 70 and 79 years (35.16%). Chi-squared distribution showed that men suffered more fractures (18.47%, p = 0.028) and women suffered more contusions (21.54%, p = 0.028). With regard to the various etiologies related to the traumas, traffic accidents (17.77%, p < 0.001) and aggression (17.42%, p < 0.001) were more frequent in males, and falls (83.03%, p < 0.001) were more frequent in females. The primary etiologies for maxillofacial trauma in the elderly population were falls, and the primary diagnoses were fractures. Conclusion A deeper understanding of the physiological changes associated with aging, and preventive action to reduce falls, traffic accidents, and aggression in this population could be beneficial with regard to quality of life for elderly persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of facial type and anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy of complete denture wearers on residual ridge height, masticatory performance, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and satisfaction levels., Materials and Methods: A total of 56 edentulous patients (mean age of 67.1 years) were radiographically evaluated prior to rehabilitation to determine residual ridge height in the maxilla and mandible, facial type, and anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. Masticatory performance tests with 40 chewing cycles were applied. The Dental Impact on Daily Living questionnaire was used to measure OHRQoL and satisfaction. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression., Results: Dolichofacial participants presented with significantly higher bone height than mesofacial and brachyfacial types in the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible and had more mandibular bone than mesofacial types in the premolar region. Class II patients presented significantly higher bone height than Class I participants in the anterior maxilla. Dolichofacial patients performed significantly better than brachyfacial patients in the masticatory performance test. Class I patients achieved more homogenous artificial food trituration than Class III patients (P < .05). High OHRQoL scores were reported in appearance and general performance irrespective of facial type or anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy., Conclusion: Dolichofacial patients had superior masticatory performance compared to brachyfacial patients. Class III patients showed a reduced capacity to homogenize the food bolus. Mesofacial, dolichofacial, and Class III patients reported the best perceptions of their OHRQoL. Anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy seems to be the main factor contributing to mastication impairments in totally edentulous patients.

Background: It is well known that the use of denture cleansers can reduce Candida albicans biofilm accumulation; however, the efficacy of citric acid denture cleansers is uncertain. In addition, the long-term efficacy of this denture cleanser is not well established, and their effect on residual biofilms is unknown. This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of citric acid denture cleanser treatment on C. albicans biofilm recolonization on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface., Methods: C. albicans biofilms were developed for 72 h on PMMA resin specimens (n = 168), which were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 cleansing treatments (CTs) overnight (8 h). CTs included purified water as a control (CTC) and two experimental groups that used either a 1:5 dilution of citric acid denture cleanser (CT5) or a 1:8 dilution of citric acid denture cleanser (CT8). Residual biofilms adhering to the specimens were collected and quantified at two time points: immediately after CTs (ICT) and after cleaning and residual biofilm recolonization (RT). Residual biofilms were analyzed by quantifying the viable cells (CFU/mL), and biofilm architecture was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Denture cleanser treatments and evaluation periods were considered study factors. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05)., Results: Immediately after treatments, citric acid denture cleansing solutions (CT5 and CT8) reduced the number of viable cells as compared with the control (p < 0.01). However, after 48 h, both CT groups (CT5 and CT8) showed biofilm recolonization (p < 0.01). Residual biofilm recolonization was also detected by CLSM and SEM analysis, which revealed a higher biomass and average biofilm thickness for the CT8 group (p < 0.01)., Conclusion: Citric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

The ability of Candida albicans to form biofilms on denture surfaces is a significant cofactor in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. In this study, we applied a differential staining approach and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyse the effect of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate on the viability, removal and morphology of C. albicans forming biofilms on denture acrylic using an in vitro model. Immediately after treatment, to distinguish live from dead C. albicans cells in the remaining biofilms, the specimens were stained differentially and analysed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Moreover, morphological alterations of fungal cells were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. All disinfectant solutions killed all remaining fungal cells on the specimens. Interestingly, 4% chlorhexidine did not remove these cells from the acrylic resin surface whereas sodium hypochlorite solutions (1% and 2%) provided almost complete biofilm removal. Furthermore, treating the specimens with sodium hypochlorite induced cell morphology alterations, as seen in the residual fungal cells. Finally, according to our findings, it can be suggested that sodium hypochlorite solutions are the first choice as denture cleanser when compared with 4% chlorhexidine because those solutions not only killed C. albicans biofilms but also removed them from the heat-polymerised acrylic resin., (© 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated cycles of five chemical disinfectant solutions on the roughness and hardness of three hard chairside reliners., Methods: A total of 180 circular specimens (30 mm x 6 mm) were fabricated using three hard chairside reliners (Jet; n = 60, Kooliner; n = 60, Tokuyama Rebase II Fast; n = 60), which were immersed in deionised water (control), and five disinfectant solutions (1%, 2%, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; 2% glutaraldehyde; 4% chlorhexidine gluconate). They were tested for Knoop hardness (KHN) and surface roughness (microm), before and after 30 simulated disinfecting cycles. Data was analysed by the factorial scheme (6 x 2), two-way analysis of variance (anova), followed by Tukey's test., Results: For Jet (from 18.74 to 13.86 KHN), Kooliner (from 14.09 to 8.72 KHN), Tokuyama (from 12.57 to 8.28 KHN) a significant decrease in hardness was observed irrespective of the solution used on all materials. For Jet (from 0.09 to 0.11 microm) there was a statistically significant increase in roughness. Kooliner (from 0.36 to 0.26 microm) presented a statistically significant decrease in roughness and Tokuyama (from 0.15 to 0.11 microm) presented no statistically significant difference after 30 days., Conclusions: This study showed that all disinfectant solutions promoted a statistically significant decrease in hardness, whereas with roughness, the materials tested showed a statistically significant increase, except for Tokuyama. Although statistically significant values were registered, these results could not be considered clinically significant.