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1. Adversarial Pruning: A Survey and Benchmark of Pruning Methods for Adversarial Robustness

Author

Piras, Giorgio, Pintor, Maura, Demontis, Ambra, Biggio, Battista, Giacinto, Giorgio, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Recent work has proposed neural network pruning techniques to reduce the size of a network while preserving robustness against adversarial examples, i.e., well-crafted inputs inducing a misclassification. These methods, which we refer to as adversarial pruning methods, involve complex and articulated designs, making it difficult to analyze the differences and establish a fair and accurate comparison. In this work, we overcome these issues by surveying current adversarial pruning methods and proposing a novel taxonomy to categorize them based on two main dimensions: the pipeline, defining when to prune; and the specifics, defining how to prune. We then highlight the limitations of current empirical analyses and propose a novel, fair evaluation benchmark to address them. We finally conduct an empirical re-evaluation of current adversarial pruning methods and discuss the results, highlighting the shared traits of top-performing adversarial pruning methods, as well as common issues. We welcome contributions in our publicly-available benchmark at https://github.com/pralab/AdversarialPruningBenchmark

Published
2024

2. HO-FMN: Hyperparameter Optimization for Fast Minimum-Norm Attacks

Author

Mura, Raffaele, Floris, Giuseppe, Scionis, Luca, Piras, Giorgio, Pintor, Maura, Demontis, Ambra, Giacinto, Giorgio, Biggio, Battista, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Gradient-based attacks are a primary tool to evaluate robustness of machine-learning models. However, many attacks tend to provide overly-optimistic evaluations as they use fixed loss functions, optimizers, step-size schedulers, and default hyperparameters. In this work, we tackle these limitations by proposing a parametric variation of the well-known fast minimum-norm attack algorithm, whose loss, optimizer, step-size scheduler, and hyperparameters can be dynamically adjusted. We re-evaluate 12 robust models, showing that our attack finds smaller adversarial perturbations without requiring any additional tuning. This also enables reporting adversarial robustness as a function of the perturbation budget, providing a more complete evaluation than that offered by fixed-budget attacks, while remaining efficient. We release our open-source code at https://github.com/pralab/HO-FMN.

Published
2024

3. Over-parameterization and Adversarial Robustness in Neural Networks: An Overview and Empirical Analysis

Author

Chen, Zhang, Demetrio, Luca, Gupta, Srishti, Feng, Xiaoyi, Xia, Zhaoqiang, Cinà, Antonio Emanuele, Pintor, Maura, Oneto, Luca, Demontis, Ambra, Biggio, Battista, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, 68T10, I.5
Abstract

Thanks to their extensive capacity, over-parameterized neural networks exhibit superior predictive capabilities and generalization. However, having a large parameter space is considered one of the main suspects of the neural networks' vulnerability to adversarial example -- input samples crafted ad-hoc to induce a desired misclassification. Relevant literature has claimed contradictory remarks in support of and against the robustness of over-parameterized networks. These contradictory findings might be due to the failure of the attack employed to evaluate the networks' robustness. Previous research has demonstrated that depending on the considered model, the algorithm employed to generate adversarial examples may not function properly, leading to overestimating the model's robustness. In this work, we empirically study the robustness of over-parameterized networks against adversarial examples. However, unlike the previous works, we also evaluate the considered attack's reliability to support the results' veracity. Our results show that over-parameterized networks are robust against adversarial attacks as opposed to their under-parameterized counterparts.

Published
2024

4. AttackBench: Evaluating Gradient-based Attacks for Adversarial Examples

Author

Cinà, Antonio Emanuele, Rony, Jérôme, Pintor, Maura, Demetrio, Luca, Demontis, Ambra, Biggio, Battista, Ayed, Ismail Ben, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Adversarial examples are typically optimized with gradient-based attacks. While novel attacks are continuously proposed, each is shown to outperform its predecessors using different experimental setups, hyperparameter settings, and number of forward and backward calls to the target models. This provides overly-optimistic and even biased evaluations that may unfairly favor one particular attack over the others. In this work, we aim to overcome these limitations by proposing AttackBench, i.e., the first evaluation framework that enables a fair comparison among different attacks. To this end, we first propose a categorization of gradient-based attacks, identifying their main components and differences. We then introduce our framework, which evaluates their effectiveness and efficiency. We measure these characteristics by (i) defining an optimality metric that quantifies how close an attack is to the optimal solution, and (ii) limiting the number of forward and backward queries to the model, such that all attacks are compared within a given maximum query budget. Our extensive experimental analysis compares more than $100$ attack implementations with a total of over $800$ different configurations against CIFAR-10 and ImageNet models, highlighting that only very few attacks outperform all the competing approaches. Within this analysis, we shed light on several implementation issues that prevent many attacks from finding better solutions or running at all. We release AttackBench as a publicly-available benchmark, aiming to continuously update it to include and evaluate novel gradient-based attacks for optimizing adversarial examples., Comment: https://attackbench.github.io

Published
2024

5. Phase transitions of Fe$_2$O$_3$ under laser shock compression

Author

Amouretti, A., Crépisson, C., Azadi, S., Cabaret, D., Campbell, T., Chin, D. A., Colin, B., Collins, G. R., Crandall, L., Fiquet, G., Forte, A., Gawne, T., Guyot, F., Heighway, P., Lee, H., McGonegle, D., Nagler, B., Pintor, J., Polsin, D., Rousse, G., Shi, Y., Smith, E., Wark, J. S., Vinko, S. M., and Harmand, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We present in-situ x-ray diffraction and velocity measurements of Fe$_2$O$_3$ under laser shock compression at pressures between 38-116 GPa. None of the phases reported by static compression studies were observed. Instead, we observed an isostructural phase transition from $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ to a new $\alpha^\prime$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ phase at a pressure of 50-62 GPa. The $\alpha^\prime$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ phase differs from $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ by an 11% volume drop and a different unit cell compressibility. We further observed a two-wave structure in the velocity profile, which can be related to an intermediate regime where both $\alpha$ and $\alpha^\prime$ phases coexist. Density functional theory calculations with a Hubbard parameter indicate that the observed unit cell volume drop can be associated with a spin transition following a magnetic collapse., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

6. Robustness-Congruent Adversarial Training for Secure Machine Learning Model Updates

Author

Angioni, Daniele, Demetrio, Luca, Pintor, Maura, Oneto, Luca, Anguita, Davide, Biggio, Battista, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Machine-learning models demand for periodic updates to improve their average accuracy, exploiting novel architectures and additional data. However, a newly-updated model may commit mistakes that the previous model did not make. Such misclassifications are referred to as negative flips, and experienced by users as a regression of performance. In this work, we show that this problem also affects robustness to adversarial examples, thereby hindering the development of secure model update practices. In particular, when updating a model to improve its adversarial robustness, some previously-ineffective adversarial examples may become misclassified, causing a regression in the perceived security of the system. We propose a novel technique, named robustness-congruent adversarial training, to address this issue. It amounts to fine-tuning a model with adversarial training, while constraining it to retain higher robustness on the adversarial examples that were correctly classified before the update. We show that our algorithm and, more generally, learning with non-regression constraints, provides a theoretically-grounded framework to train consistent estimators. Our experiments on robust models for computer vision confirm that (i) both accuracy and robustness, even if improved after model update, can be affected by negative flips, and (ii) our robustness-congruent adversarial training can mitigate the problem, outperforming competing baseline methods.

Published
2024

7. $\sigma$-zero: Gradient-based Optimization of $\ell_0$-norm Adversarial Examples

Author

Cinà, Antonio Emanuele, Villani, Francesco, Pintor, Maura, Schönherr, Lea, Biggio, Battista, and Pelillo, Marcello

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Evaluating the adversarial robustness of deep networks to gradient-based attacks is challenging. While most attacks consider $\ell_2$- and $\ell_\infty$-norm constraints to craft input perturbations, only a few investigate sparse $\ell_1$- and $\ell_0$-norm attacks. In particular, $\ell_0$-norm attacks remain the least studied due to the inherent complexity of optimizing over a non-convex and non-differentiable constraint. However, evaluating adversarial robustness under these attacks could reveal weaknesses otherwise left untested with more conventional $\ell_2$- and $\ell_\infty$-norm attacks. In this work, we propose a novel $\ell_0$-norm attack, called $\sigma$-zero, which leverages a differentiable approximation of the $\ell_0$ norm to facilitate gradient-based optimization, and an adaptive projection operator to dynamically adjust the trade-off between loss minimization and perturbation sparsity. Extensive evaluations using MNIST, CIFAR10, and ImageNet datasets, involving robust and non-robust models, show that $\sigma$-zero finds minimum $\ell_0$-norm adversarial examples without requiring any time-consuming hyperparameter tuning, and that it outperforms all competing sparse attacks in terms of success rate, perturbation size, and efficiency., Comment: Code available at https://github.com/Cinofix/sigma-zero-adversarial-attack

Published
2024

9. Improving Fast Minimum-Norm Attacks with Hyperparameter Optimization

Author

Floris, Giuseppe, Mura, Raffaele, Scionis, Luca, Piras, Giorgio, Pintor, Maura, Demontis, Ambra, and Biggio, Battista

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Evaluating the adversarial robustness of machine learning models using gradient-based attacks is challenging. In this work, we show that hyperparameter optimization can improve fast minimum-norm attacks by automating the selection of the loss function, the optimizer and the step-size scheduler, along with the corresponding hyperparameters. Our extensive evaluation involving several robust models demonstrates the improved efficacy of fast minimum-norm attacks when hyper-up with hyperparameter optimization. We release our open-source code at https://github.com/pralab/HO-FMN., Comment: Accepted at ESANN23

Published
2023
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10. Samples on Thin Ice: Re-Evaluating Adversarial Pruning of Neural Networks

Author

Piras, Giorgio, Pintor, Maura, Demontis, Ambra, and Biggio, Battista

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Neural network pruning has shown to be an effective technique for reducing the network size, trading desirable properties like generalization and robustness to adversarial attacks for higher sparsity. Recent work has claimed that adversarial pruning methods can produce sparse networks while also preserving robustness to adversarial examples. In this work, we first re-evaluate three state-of-the-art adversarial pruning methods, showing that their robustness was indeed overestimated. We then compare pruned and dense versions of the same models, discovering that samples on thin ice, i.e., closer to the unpruned model's decision boundary, are typically misclassified after pruning. We conclude by discussing how this intuition may lead to designing more effective adversarial pruning methods in future work.

Published
2023

11. Raze to the Ground: Query-Efficient Adversarial HTML Attacks on Machine-Learning Phishing Webpage Detectors

Author

Montaruli, Biagio, Demetrio, Luca, Pintor, Maura, Compagna, Luca, Balzarotti, Davide, and Biggio, Battista

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Machine-learning phishing webpage detectors (ML-PWD) have been shown to suffer from adversarial manipulations of the HTML code of the input webpage. Nevertheless, the attacks recently proposed have demonstrated limited effectiveness due to their lack of optimizing the usage of the adopted manipulations, and they focus solely on specific elements of the HTML code. In this work, we overcome these limitations by first designing a novel set of fine-grained manipulations which allow to modify the HTML code of the input phishing webpage without compromising its maliciousness and visual appearance, i.e., the manipulations are functionality- and rendering-preserving by design. We then select which manipulations should be applied to bypass the target detector by a query-efficient black-box optimization algorithm. Our experiments show that our attacks are able to raze to the ground the performance of current state-of-the-art ML-PWD using just 30 queries, thus overcoming the weaker attacks developed in previous work, and enabling a much fairer robustness evaluation of ML-PWD., Comment: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security (AISec '23), November 30, 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark

Published
2023
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14. A Suicide Attempt Multicomponent Intervention Treatment (SAMIT Program): study protocol for a multicentric randomised controlled trial

Author

Anna Beneria, Anna Motger-Albertí, Marta Quesada-Franco, Gara Arteaga-Henríquez, Olga Santesteban-Echarri, Pol Ibáñez, Gemma Parramon-Puig, Pedro Sanz-Correcher, Igor Galynker, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Luis Pintor, Pol Bruguera, and María Dolores Braquehais

Subjects
Suicide attempt, Medically Serious Suicide Attempts (MSSA), Psychotherapy, Intervention, Randomised controlled trial, Psychotherapeutic intervention, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Suicide has become a first-order public health concern, especially following the negative impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the general population. Few studies have analysed the effects of early psychotherapeutic interventions on subjects who have attempted suicide, and even fewer have focused on those hospitalized in non-psychiatric units after a Medically Serious Suicide Attempt (MSSA). The main aim of this study is to describe the protocol designed to evaluate the effectiveness of individual psychological treatment for patients hospitalized after an MSSA. The secondary objectives of the study are: (1) to evaluate the impact on quality of life and other psychosocial variables of patients with a recent MSSA who receive early psychological intervention; (2) to analyse the biological, psychological, and clinical impact of early psychotherapeutic treatment on subjects hospitalized after an MSSA. Methods A longitudinal randomised controlled trial will be conducted with patients over 16 years of age admitted to two general hospitals. The case intervention group will enrol for 8-sessions of individual psychotherapy, Suicide Attempts Multi-component Intervention Treatment (SAMIT), combining Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT), and Narrative approaches, while the control group will receive a treatment-as-usual intervention (TAU). Longitudinal assessment will be conducted at baseline (before treatment), post-treatment, and 3, 6, and 12 months after. The main outcome variable will be re-attempting suicide during follow-up. Discussion Some psychotherapeutic interventions, usually implemented in outpatient, have proven to be effective in preventing suicidal behaviours. The combination of some of these may be a powerful treatment for preventing future SA in patients hospitalised after an MSSA, which is the most severely suicidal subgroup. Moreover, assessment of the biological, clinical and psychometric impact of this new intervention on patients during the first year after the attempt may help understand some of the multi-level factors associated with the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in MSSAs. The prevalence of high suicide rates requires the design of effective psychological interventions for their prevention, and also in order to design new pharmacological and psychological treatments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06238414. Date of registration: 1st February 2024, final update is protocol version 3.0, 19th March 2024.

Published
2024
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15. Didáctica y estudio del cómic-ensayo, de Gustav Doré a Fréderic Pajak / Didactics and Study of the Comic-Essay, from Gustav Doré to Frédéric Pajak

Author

Ivan Pintor Iranzo

Subjects
comic, essay, iconology, editing, aby warburg., Language and Literature
Abstract

Resumen: El presente artículo se plantea como una propedéutica al estudio del cómic ensayo o ensayo gráfico, desde su nacimiento con autoconsciencia hasta la actualidad. Con la voluntad de trazar una genealogía de obras significativas, el artículo incide en aquellos aspectos formales relacionados con estrategias de montaje que resultan relevantes en la forma-ensayo a partir de desarrollos de investigación en el campo del cine. Además, y de manera central, se propone una metodología, basada sobre todo en la iconología de Aby Warburg para el estudio del ensayo como fórmula didáctica y de transmisión de la tradición en el contexto de las formas de no ficción en el cómic. Abstract: This paper serves as an introduction to the study of the graphic essay or comic essay, tracing its evolution from its self-aware inception to the present day. With the intention of establishing a genealogy of significant works, the article emphasizes formal aspects related to montage strategies that are relevant to the essay form, drawing from research developments in the field of cinema. Furthermore, at its core, it proposes a methodology primarily based on Aby Warburg's iconology for the examination of the essay as a didactic formula and a means of transmitting tradition within the context of non-fiction forms in comics. comic; essay; iconology; editing; Aby Warburg.

Published
2024
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16. Exploring post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma in adult animation: a comprehensive analysis of Flee, Waltz witn Bashir and L'Image Manquante

Author

Marta Lopera-Mármol, Jesús López-González, and Ivan Pintor Iranzo

Subjects
ptsd, trauma, animation, conflict, representation, cine, Drawing. Design. Illustration, NC1-1940, Visual arts, N1-9211
Abstract

Animation has been employed as a productive and subtle means to represent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and historical trauma. The aim of this article is to study the narrative, visual, and psycho-affective strategies of both phenomena through the films Flee (Jonas Poher Rasmussen, 2021), Waltz with Bashir (Ari Folman, 2008), and L'Image Manquante (Rithy Panh, 2013). The ability of animated images to reconstruct moments for which there is no visual testimony, as well as their capacity to evoke the experience of traumatic events, emerges as the center of a specific aesthetic approach to history, forming a type of cinema of the real (Zylberman, 2022). Contrary to the tradition of documentary and visual essay, there is a more frequent expressive use of evocative mechanisms, dreamlike images combined with archival material, and forms of re-enactment of real events that necessarily do not involve the use of actors. The evocation of painful experiences establishes a visual framework in which the viewer becomes the epicenter of the affective staging of trauma and PTSD, prioritizing poetic construction.

Published
2024
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17. School Teachers' Behavior in Remote Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Indonesia Perspective

Author

Patiro, Shine Pintor Siolemba and Budiyanti, Hety

Abstract

This study aims to uncover the extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in understanding, explaining, and predicting elementary school teachers' behavior in Indonesia to use online learning technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. The TAM model in this study is extended by accounting for four additional variables, which are subjective norms, and job relevance as a predictor of perceived usefulness, also, computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety to predict perceived ease of use. This study uses an online survey method with a purposive sampling technique involving 475 elementary school teachers located in Jakarta, Palu, and Sorong (some of the big cities in Indonesia). The data analysis technique is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of IBM SPSS AMOS 21 software. The results of this study show that the TAM model developed in this study can explain and predict the intentions of elementary school teachers in using online learning technology during the COVID-19 pandemic as indicated by the support of the hypotheses tested in this study. Overall, TAM is a very popular model for understanding, explaining, and predicting the use of new technology systems. The implications and limitations of this study are also discussed in this article.

Published
2022

19. Minimizing Energy Consumption of Deep Learning Models by Energy-Aware Training

Author

Lazzaro, Dario, Cinà, Antonio Emanuele, Pintor, Maura, Demontis, Ambra, Biggio, Battista, Roli, Fabio, and Pelillo, Marcello

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Deep learning models undergo a significant increase in the number of parameters they possess, leading to the execution of a larger number of operations during inference. This expansion significantly contributes to higher energy consumption and prediction latency. In this work, we propose EAT, a gradient-based algorithm that aims to reduce energy consumption during model training. To this end, we leverage a differentiable approximation of the $\ell_0$ norm, and use it as a sparse penalty over the training loss. Through our experimental analysis conducted on three datasets and two deep neural networks, we demonstrate that our energy-aware training algorithm EAT is able to train networks with a better trade-off between classification performance and energy efficiency., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Paper accepted at the 22nd International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP) 2023

Published
2023

21. Evaluation of the Energy Potential of Agro-industrial Waste from Mangifera indica L. in Zamora, Mexico: Perspectives for the Management of Solid and Liquid Biofuels

Author

López-Sosa, Luis Bernardo, Santibáñez-Rocha, Gustavo Alberto, Morales-Máximo, Mario, González-Carabes, Ricardo, Rutiaga-Quiñones, José Guadalupe, Bustamante, Carlos Alberto García, Pintor-Ibarra, Luis Fernando, Ramos, Ismael Santos, Reyes, Cecilia Irene Villaseñor, del Carmen Rodríguez Magallón, María, and Trujillo, Saúl Leonardo Hernández

Published
2024
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23. Saved by Faith Not Your Body: Towards The Theology of Disability

Author

Pintor Marihot Sitanggang

Subjects
body of christ, disable people, imago dei, perfect creation, the church, Christianity, BR1-1725
Abstract

This article describes that the perfection of God’s creation was guaranteed by faith, must be hold and lived in the life of the believers. Physical weakness (difable) is not a condition cause decreasing the perfection of God’s creation. Difable is not decreasing or weakening the existence and essence of human being as the body of Christ which was loved and saved by the blood of Christ. This article used the library research in theology, explored the love of God in the life of human being. The result showed that the church must develop the ministries of educating and empowering disable people (people with the special need). They are perfect as the body of Christ because the God itself is perfect. God is perfect so the creation is perfect too. Human being was perfected by the love of God.

Published
2024
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24. DisneyHint: Lean and coaching-based employee suggestion system for the human challenges of Industry 4.0

Author

Juliana Salvadorinho, Paulo Pintor, Tiago Bastos, and Leonor Teixeira

Subjects
employee suggestion system, disney strategy, industry 4.0, voice behaviour, employee engagement, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8, Social Sciences, Commerce, HF1-6182, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Purpose: This paper presents the concept of an Employee Suggestion System (ESS) that integrates a strategy originated from Neuro-Linguistic Programming with application in Coaching (Disney Strategy) to face the human challenges of Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: A four-phase methodology was followed, starting with a systematic literature review of the ESS to obtain a theoretical perspective about this concept and its characteristics. Subsequently, 30 interviews were carried out to recognize the ESSs of three partner companies and, as well as to perceive the receptivity of the new concept of ESS. Finally, the concept of the system was modelled, prototyped and tested and combines the Japanese (Kaizen Teian) and American ESS (Kaizen Teian adapted to the western industry) approaches. Findings: Given the existing systems in organizations, the platform presented brings more maturity to the suggestions made (through the Disney strategy applied in Coaching), greater visibility of their status and evaluation, and greater promotion of workforce engagement (through the promotion of voice behaviour). At the same time, it supports the collection of tacit ideas from employees, preserving organizational knowledge and, therefore, a source of competitive advantage. Originality/value: This paper presents a digital tool with Lean origins, which includes Coaching principles, essential in empowering the workforce (through the voice behaviour) and preserving organizational knowledge. It is a platform built in a way adapted to today's Lean shop floor and intends to prove itself as a resource to promote happy, engaged and committed employees.

Published
2024
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25. Serpine1 mRNA confers mesenchymal characteristics to the cell and promotes CD8+ T cells exclusion from colon adenocarcinomas

Author

Salvador Polo-Generelo, Cristina Rodríguez-Mateo, Belén Torres, José Pintor-Tortolero, José A. Guerrero-Martínez, Julian König, Jesús Vázquez, Elena Bonzón-Kulichenco, Javier Padillo-Ruiz, Fernando de la Portilla, José C. Reyes, and José A. Pintor-Toro

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Abstract Serine protease inhibitor clade E member 1 (SERPINE1) inhibits extracellular matrix proteolysis and cell detachment. However, SERPINE1 expression also promotes tumor progression and plays a crucial role in metastasis. Here, we solve this apparent paradox and report that Serpine1 mRNA per se, independent of its protein-coding function, confers mesenchymal properties to the cell, promoting migration, invasiveness, and resistance to anoikis and increasing glycolytic activity by sequestering miRNAs. Expression of Serpine1 mRNA upregulates the expression of the TRA2B splicing factor without affecting its mRNA levels. Through transcriptional profiling, we found that Serpine1 mRNA expression downregulates through TRA2B the expression of genes involved in the immune response. Analysis of human colon tumor samples showed an inverse correlation between SERPINE1 mRNA expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration, unveiling the potential value of SERPINE1 mRNA as a promising therapeutic target for colon tumors.

Published
2024
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26. A Survey on Reinforcement Learning Security with Application to Autonomous Driving

Author

Demontis, Ambra, Pintor, Maura, Demetrio, Luca, Grosse, Kathrin, Lin, Hsiao-Ying, Fang, Chengfang, Biggio, Battista, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Reinforcement learning allows machines to learn from their own experience. Nowadays, it is used in safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving, despite being vulnerable to attacks carefully crafted to either prevent that the reinforcement learning algorithm learns an effective and reliable policy, or to induce the trained agent to make a wrong decision. The literature about the security of reinforcement learning is rapidly growing, and some surveys have been proposed to shed light on this field. However, their categorizations are insufficient for choosing an appropriate defense given the kind of system at hand. In our survey, we do not only overcome this limitation by considering a different perspective, but we also discuss the applicability of state-of-the-art attacks and defenses when reinforcement learning algorithms are used in the context of autonomous driving.

Published
2022

27. Structures, processes and outcomes between first referral and referral hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary preplanned analysis of the FALCON and ChEETAh randomised trials

Author

Rajeev Sharma, Neha Mishra, Simon Cousens, Sanjay Gupta, Thomas Pinkney, Neil Smart, Jonathan Cook, David Jayne, Hemanth Kumar, Peter Brocklehurst, Mohammed Bashir, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Philip Alexander, Laura Magill, Mark Monahan, Rachel Moore, Stephen Tabiri, Joseph Yorke, Dion Morton, Aneel Bhangu, Bryar Kadir, Naveen Sharma, Punam Mistry, Joshua Arthur, Muneer A Malik, Tracy Roberts, Elisee Rwagahirima, Christian Urimubabo, Ewen Harrison, Vijay Kumar, Julia Brown, Pollyanna Hardy, Amit Mahajan, Pratik Solanki, James Glasbey, Himani Gupta, Omar Omar, Joana Simoes, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Omolara Faboya, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Anita Thomas, David Lissauer, Zainab Imam, George Ihediwa, Zainab O Imam, Felix M Alakaloko, Pradeep Zechariah, Suraj Surendran, Olatunji O Lawal, Mohammed Adnan, Savleen Kaur, Faustin Ntirenganya, JC Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Emmy Runigamugabo, Djifid Morel Seto, Paul Wondoh, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Florence Dedey, Enoch Tackie, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Anthony Davor, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Muhammad Daniyan, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Adedeji Fatuga, Muzzammil Abdullahi, Manish Pathak, Prashant Singh, Rita Jain, Kwaku Boakye-Yiadom, Kazeem Atobatele, Ayokunle Ogunyemi, Olabode Oshodi, Christopher Bode, Omobolaji O Ayandipo, Akinlabi E Ajao, Godwin Akaba, Gabriella Hyman, Deepak Singh, Olukemi Akande, Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah, Naseem Akhtar, José A Flores, Donna Smith, Olatunji Lawal, Hadijat Olaide Raji, Zafar Khan, Matthew Francis, Emmanuel Williams, Pardeep Kumar, Oliver Samuel, María Paz Muñoz, Arun Chaturvedi, Sameer Gupta, Puneet Prakash, John Raphael, Funmilola Wuraola, Olalekan Olasehinde, Murlidhar V Pai, Deepak Jain, Anwar Sadat Seidu, Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe, Jideofor Okechukwu Ugwu, Lukmon Amosu, Akan Inyang, Michael Amoah, Boateng Nimako, Dhruva Ghosh, Neil Winkles, Olabisi O Osagie, Karolin Kroese, Olubunmi Ogein, Mustapha Yakubu, Vasanth Mark Samuel, Cecil Thomas, Enono Yhoshu, Vishal Michael, William Bhatti, Swati Daniel, Jyoti Dhiman, Atul Suroy, Christopher O Bode, George C Ihediwa, Adaiah Soibi-Harry, Benedetto Osunwusi, Elizabeth Li, Sonia Mathai, Deepak Singla, Farhanul Huda, Aisha Mustapha, Anisah Yahya, Samuel Mensah, Puneet Pareek, Bernard Ofori, Souliath Lawani, Oluwafunmilayo Adeniyi, Opeyemi Rebecca Akinajo, Richard Ofosu-Akromah, Olumide Adeniyi, Adewale O. Adisa, Natacha Boumas, Fareeda Galley, Frank Enoch Gyamfi Parvez D Haque, Antonio Ramos de la Medina, Chukwuma Okereke, Ronald Tubasime, Felicity Brant, Sohini Chakrabortee, Parvez D Haque, Emily Heritage, Carmela Lapitan, Rachel Lillywhite, Pierre Sodonougbo, Pamphile Assouto, Michel Fiogbe, Houenoukpo Koco, Serge Metchinhoungbe, Hodonou Sogbo, Hulrich Behanzin, Yannick Tandje, Sosthène Kangni, Cyrile Kpangon, Marcelin Akpla, Hugues Herve Chobli, Blaise Kovohouande, Gérard Agboton, Rene Ahossi, Raoul Baderha Ngabo, Nathan Bisimwa, Covalic Melic Bokossa Kandokponou, Mireille Dokponou, Francis Moïse Dossou, Corinne Dzemta, Antoine Gaou, Roland Goudou, Emmanuel Hedefoun, Sunday Houtoukpe, Felix Kamga, Eric Kiki- Migan, Ismaïl Lawani, René Loko, Afissatou Moutaïrou, Pencome Ogouyemi, Fouad Soumanou, Pia Tamadaho, Mack-Arthur Zounon, Luke Aniakwo Adagrah, Bin Baaba Alhaji Alhassan, Mabel Pokuah Amoako-Boateng, Anthony Baffour Appiah, Alvin Asante-Asamani, Benedict Boakye, Samuel A Debrah, Donald Enti, Rahman Adebisi Ganiyu, Patience Koggoh, Richard Kpankpari, Isabella Naa M. Opandoh, Meshach Agyemang Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku Manu, Martin Tangnaa Morna, John Nkrumah, Michael Nortey, Emmanuel Owusu Ofori, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, Esther Adjei-Acquah, Eric Agyemang Vera Agyekum, Rebecca Adjeibah Akesseh, Forster Amponsah-Manu, Ato Oppong Acquah, Leslie Issa Adam-Zakariah, Esther Asabre, Ruby Acheampong Boateng, Barbara Koomson, Ataa Kusiwaa, Emmanuel Yaw Twerefour, James Ankomah, Frank Assah-Adjei, Anthony Appiah Boakye, Godfred Fosu, Godwin Serbeh, Kofi Yeboah Gyan, Isaac Omane Nyarko, Zelda Robertson, Ralph Armah, Christopher Asare, Delali Akosua Gakpetor, Victoria Sena Gawu, Ambe Obbeng, Doris Ofosuhene, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Diana Puozaa, Arkorful Ebenezer Temitope, Regina Acquah, James Amoako, Akosua Dwamena Appiah, Mark Aseti, Charles Banka, Samuel Dadzie, Derick Essien, Romeo Hussey, Jemima Kwarteng, Naa Anyekaa Sowah, Grace Yeboah, Cynthia Yeboah, Kwame Gyambibi Addo, Enoch Appiah Akosa, Percy Boakye, Christian Larbi Coompson, Brian Gyamfi, Bismark Effah Kontor, Christian Kyeremeh, Ruth Manu, Elijah Mensah, Friko Ibrahim Solae, Gideon Kwasi Toffah, Dorcas Otuo Acheampong, Jane Acquaye, Michael Adinku, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Emmanuel Gyimah Amankwa, George Amoah, Juliana Appiah, Alex Ayim, Emmanuel Kafui Ayodeji, Jonathan Boakye-Yiadom, Edward Amoah Boateng, Christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong, Naabo Nuhu Noel Hamidu, Iddrisu Haruna, Naa Kwarley, Agbenya Kobla Lovi, Bertina Beauty Nyadu, Dominic Opoku, Anita Osabutey, Robert Sagoe, Samuel Tuffour, Yaa Tufour, Francis Akwaw Yamoah, Abiboye Cheduko Yefieye, Nii Armah Adu-Aryee, Faisal Adjei, Erica Akoto, Elikem Ametefe, Joachim Kwaku Amoako, Godsway Solomon Attepor, George Darko Brown, Benjamin Fenu, Philemon Kwame Kumassah, David Olatayo Olayiwola, Theodore Wordui, Nelson Agboadoh, Fatao Abubakari, Cletus Ballu, Charles Gyamfi Barimah, Guy Casskey Boateng, Prosper Tonwisi Luri, Abraham Titigah, Frank Owusu, Raphael Adu-Brobbey, Abdul-Hamid Labaran, Junior Atta Owusu, Vivian Adobea, Amos Bennin, Fred Dankwah, Stanley Doe, Ruth Sarfo Kantanka, Ephraim Kobby, Kennedy Kofi Korankye Hanson Larnyor, Edwin Osei, Prince Yeboah Owusu, Clement Ayum Sie-Broni, Marshall Zume, Francis Atindaana Abantanga, Darling Ramatu Abdulai, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Emmanuel Ayingayure, Imoro Osman, Sheba Kunfah, Gbana Limann, Shamudeen Alhassan Mohammed, Sheriff Mohammed, Yakubu Musah, Emmanuel Abem Owusu, Abdul-Hafiz Saba, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli, Arun Gautham, Alice Hepzibah, Grace Mary, Dimple Bhatti, Karan Bir, Tapasya Dhar, Sunita Goyal, Goyal Ankush, Monika Hans, Parvez Haque, Samuel Konda, Anil Luther, Shalini Makkar, Kavita Mandrelle, Partho Mukherjee, Reuben Rajappa, Ravinder Thind, Alen Thomas, Arti Tuli, Sreejith Veetil, Esther Daniel Mark Jesudason, K Priyadarshini, Latha Madankumar, Rohin Mittal, Ida Nagomy, Rajesh Selvakumar, Bharat Shankar, Moonish Sivakumar, Rajeevan Sridhar, Devabalan Titus, Manisha Aggarwal, Parth Dhamija, Vinoth Kanna, Ashwani Kumar, Gurtaj Singh, Josy Thomas, Amos Dasari, Priya Jacob, Elizabeth Kurien, Arpit Mathew, Danita Prakash, Anju Susan, Rose Varghese, Rahul Alpheus, Ashish Choudhrie, Nitin Peters, Subrat Raul, Rakesh Vakil, Wenceslao Ángeles Bueno, Francisco Barbosa Camacho, Aldo Bernal Hernández, Ana Bogurin Arellano, Edgar Cortes Torres, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Erick González García de Rojas, Alejandro González Ojeda, Bertha Guzmán Ramírez, Michel Hernández Valadez, Diego Luna Acevedo, Rubén Morán Galaviz, Oscar Olvera Flores, José Pérez Navarro, Kevin Pintor Belmontes, Fernando Ramirez Marbello, Luis Ramírez-González, Laura Reyes Aguirre, Ramona Rojas García, Eduardo Valtierra Robles, Reyes Cervantes Ortiz, Gonzalo Hernandez Gonzalez, Rosa Hernandez Krauss, Luis Hernández Miguelena, Marco Hurtado Romero, Isaac Baltazar Gomez, Celina Cuellar Aguirre, Alejandro Cuevas Avendaño, Luis Dominguez Sansores, Hector Ortiz Mejia, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del Campo, Claudia Caballero Cerdan, David Dominguez Solano, Rafael Toriz Garcia, Mariana Barreto Gallo, Ana Cortes Flores, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Monica Jimenez Velasco, Rozana Reyes Gamez, Roque Lincona Menindez, Alberto Navarrete Peón, Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Gonzalez Vazquez, Maria Martínez Lara, Laura Martinez Perez Maldonado, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la Fuente, Antonio Ramos De la Medina, Khadija Ado, Mohammed Aliyu, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Mahmoud Magashi, Abubakar Muhammad, Saminu Muhammad, Bello Muideen, Idris Takai, Onyekachi Ukata, Opeoluwa Adesanya, David Awonuga, Olushola Fasiku, Chidiebere Ogo, Moruf Abdulsalam, Abimbola Adeniran, Grace Eke, Esther Momson, Francisca Nwaenyi, Olufunmilade Omisanjo, Yusuf Oshodi, Yemisi Oyewole, Omotade Salami, Omolara Williams, Victoria Adeleye, Opeyemi Akinajo, David Akinboyewa, Iyabo Alasi, Oluwole Atoyebi, Olanrewaju Balogun, Orimisan Belie, Andrew Ekwesianya, Francis Ezenwankwo, Adesola Jimoh, Jubril Kuku, Oluwaseun Ladipo- Ajayi, Ayomide Makanjuola, Olayanju Mokwenyei, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Ojewola, Abraham Oladimeji, Thomas Olajide, Oluwaseun Oluseye, Aloy Ugwu, Ochomma Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Kenneth Ugwuanyi, Chuka Ugwunne, Akeem Adeleke, Wilson Adenikinju, Akinfolarin Adepiti, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Samuel Ajekwu, Olusegun Ajenjfuja, Jerrie Akindojutimi, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Olusegun Alatise, Olubukola Allen, Micheal Archibong, Olukayode Arowolo, Deborah Ayantona, Ademola Ayinde, Olusegun Badejoko, Tajudeen Badmus, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Emeka Igbodike, Omotade Ijarotimi, Adedayo Lawal, Fayowole Nana, Tunde Oduanafolabi, Olaniyi Olayemi, Stephen Omitinde, Owolabi Oni, Chigozie Onyeze, Ernest Orji, Adewale Rotimi, Abdulkadir Salako, Olufemi Solaja, Oluwaseun Sowemimo, Ademola Talabi, Mohammed Tajudeen, Francis Adebayo, Oseremen Aisuodionoe- Shadrach, Lazarus Ameh, Ndubuisi Mbajiekwe, Felix Ogbo, Samson Olori, Samuel Sani Abu Sadiq, Nancy Tabuanu, Martins Uanikhoba, Godwin Chiejina, Ekpo Edet, Mary Isa, Faith Iseh, Adams Marwa, Sunday Ogbeche, Edima Olory, Gabriel Udie, Joseph Udosen, Usang Usang, Olukayode Abayomi, Rukiyat Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adebayo, Olanrewaju Amusat, Kelvin Egbuchulem, Hyginus Ekwuazi, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Lawal, Solomon Olagunju, Peter Osuala, Bamidele Suleman, Augustine Takure, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Nurudeen Adeleke, Muideen Adesola, Rafiat Afolabi, Sulaiman Agodirin, Isiaka Aremu, Jibril Bello, Saheed Lawal, Abdulwahab Lawal, Hadijat Raji, Olayinka Sayomi, Asimiyu Shittu, Jude Ede, Sebastian Ekenze, Vincent Enemuo, Matthew Eze, Uchechukwu Ezomike, Emmanuel Izuka, Okezie Mbadiwe, Ngozi Mbah, Uba Ezinne, Iweha Ikechukwu, Okoi Nnyonno, Philemon Okoro, Igwe Patrick, Oriji Vaduneme, Abhulimen Victor, Salathiel Kanyarukiko, Francine Mukaneza, Deborah Mukantibaziyaremye, Aphrodis Munyaneza, Gibert Ndegamiye, Ronald Tubasiime, Moses Dusabe, Emelyne Izabiriza, Hope Lydia Maniraguha, Christophe Mpirimbanyi, Josiane Mutuyimana, Olivier Mwenedata, Francine Uwizeyimana, Job Zirikana, Aime Dieudonne Hirwa, Elysee Kabanda, Salomee Mbonimpaye, Christine Mukakomite, Piolette Muroruhirwe, Georges Bucyibaruta, Gisele Juru Bunogerane, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Jean de Dieu Haragirimana, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Violette Mukanyange, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Emmanuel Mutabazi, Isaie Ncogoza, Jeannette Nyirahabimana, Mary Augusta Adams, Richard Crawford, Chikwendu Jeffrey Ede, Maria Fourtounas, Morapedi Kwati, Mpho Nosipho Mathe, Ncamsile Anthea Nhlabathi, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe Nxumalo, Paddy Pattinson, Nnosa Sentholang, Mmule Evelyn Sethoana, Maria Elizabeth Stassen, Laura Thornley, Cheryl Birtles, Mathete Ivy, Cynthia Mbavhalelo, Zain Ally, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Maria Picciochi, Michael Bahrami-Hessari, Didier Ahogni Benin, Aristide Ahounou, K. Alassan Boukari, Oswald Gbehade, Thierry K Hessou, Sinama Nindopa, M.J. Bienvenue Nontonwanou, Nafissatou Orou Guessou, Arouna Sambo, Sorekou Victoire Tchati, Affisatou Tchogo, Semevo Romaric Tobome, Parfait Yanto, Isidore Gandaho, Armel Hadonou, Simplice Hinvo, Montcho Adrien Hodonou, Sambo Bio Tamou, Marie-Claire Kouroumta, Enrif Malade, Anne stredy Mkoh Dikao, Joel Nzuwa Nsilu, Nathan Bisimwa Mitima, Cyrille Kpangon, Stephane Laurent Loupeda, Mamonde Victorin Agbangla, Sena Emmanuel Hedefoun, Thierry Mavoha, Juvenal Ngaguene, Janvier Rugendabanga, Rish Romaric Soton, Martin Totin, Mouhamed Agbadebo, Irene Akpo, Hubert Dewamon, Martin Djeto, Aissatou Hada, Monsede Hollo, Albert Houndji, Anasthasie Houndote, Sylvestre Hounsa, Expedit Kpatchassou, Hugues Yome, Mohamed Moussa Alidou, Bonheur Dossou Yovo, Robert Guinnou, Souleymane Hamadou, Nabil Moussa, Boniface Cakpo, Lolyta Etchisse, Emery Hatangimana, Moise Muhindo, Katia Sanni, Agossou Barthelemy Yevide, Hermann Agossou, Fiston Basirwa Musengo, Bill Armstrong Alia, Arnaud Alitonou, Lucien Agbanda, Julien Attinon, Marcel Gbassi, Nounagnon Rene Hounsou, Derick Esssien, Yakubu Mustapha, Kojo Nunoo-Ghartey, Luke A Aniakwo, Margarey N M Adjei, Yvonne Adofo-Asamoah, Meshach M Agyapong, Thomas Agyen, Baba A B Alhassan, Mabel P Amoako-Boateng, Josephine Ashong, Joseph K Awindaogo, Benjamin B Brimpong, Makafui S C J K Dayie, Wendy W Ghansah, Jude E Gyamfi, Vincent Kudoh, Philip Mensah, Isabella N Morkor Opandoh, Martin T Morna, Emelia Odame, Emmanuel O Ofori, Sandra Quaicoo, Elizabert M Quartson, Cynthia Teye-Topey, Makafui Yigah, Safia Yussif, Vera O Agyekum-Gyimah, Eric Agyemang, Arko Akoto- Ampaw, Temitope E Arkorful, Moses A Dokurugu, Nanabanyin Essel, Aja Ijeoma, Emmanuel L Obiri, Karen N D Quarchey, Leslie Adam-Zakariah, Aaron B Andoh, Ruby A Boateng, Atta Kusiwaa, Adeline Naah, Ato Oppon-Acquah, Benjamin A Oppong, Emma A Agbowada, Ameley Akosua, O Lawrence Dorcas Acheampong, Frank E Gyamfi, Bertina B Nyadu, Samira Abdulai, Nii A Adu-Aryee, Joachim K Amoako, Nicholas T Aperkor, Wilfred K Asman, Godsway S Attepor, Antoinette A Bediako-Bowan, George D Brown, Victor K Etwire, Benjamin S Fenu, Philemon K Kumassah, Linda A Larbi-Siaw, Josephine Nsaful, David O Olatola, Sandra E Tsatsu, Iddrisu I A Abdul-Aziz, Johnson Akunyam, Gilbert A G Anasara, Charles G Barimah, Guy C Boateng, Ponala W Kwabena, Seidu M Kwarteng, Prosper T Luri, Kennedy Ngaaso, David K D Ogudi, Collins Kyeremeh, Clement Sie-Broni, Saba Abdul-Hafiz, Daniel K Acquah, Shamsudeen M Adams, Mohammed S Alhassan, Munira Amadu, Samuel A Asirifi, Martin Awe, Millicent Azanlerigu, Mathias K Dery, Yenli Edwin, Abantanga Atindaana Francis, Aloysius Maalekuu, Hawa Malechi, Ibrahim Mohammed, Kareem Mumuni, Bernard A Ofori, Jonathan I K Quansah, Napoleon Bellua Sam, Anwar S Seidu, Shekira Yahaya, Emmanuel Kojo Acquah, Jaabir Alhassan, Christian L Coompson, Addo K Gyambibi, Ametepe Jeffery-Felix, Bismark E Kontor, Gifty Naah, Carmen Noufuentes, Abraham Sakyi, Ramkaran Chaudhary, Sanjeev Misra, Dharma R Poonia, Kirti K Rathod, Mahaveer S Rodha, Nivedita Sharma, Subhash C Soni, Vaibhav K Varsheney, Jeevan R Vishnoi, Deepak K Garnaik, Manoj J Lokavarapu, Rohit Ranjan, Rajkumar K Seenivasagam, Shanky Singh, Raunak Verma, Suzan John, Jeffery A Kalyanapu, Ananta Kutma, Sanish Philips, Arun K Gautham, Deepak S Singh, Eunice S Abraham, Chetana Chetana, Prashant Dummala, Chinta S Gold, Jurgen Jacob, Jeremiah N Joseph, Elizabeth N Kurien, Priya Mary, Arpit J Mathew, Amy E Mathew, Danita D Prakash, Ashwin Sukumar, Niyah Syam, Alisha Bhatt, Dhruva N Ghosh, Ankush Goyal, Monika A Hans, Jyoti Jyoti, Karan Kumar, Vivin Daniel Sam, Ravinder Singh Thind, Sreejith K Veetil, Rahul Williams, D Sreekar, Esther R Daniel, Smitha E Jacob, Mark R Jesudason, Pushplatha Kumari, Soosan Prasad, Srujan Sharma, Moonish V Sivakumar, Paul Trinity, Sudheer Kanchodu, K Leshiini, Sundeep S Saluja, Ashok K Attri, Ishan Bansal, Monika Gureh, Simran Kapoor, Harmanjot Kaur, Simrandeep Singh, Viju John, Nivesh Agrawal, Uttkarsh Kumar, S Abhishek, Vikram Sehrawat, Gaurav Thami, Stanley Mathew, P S Prabhu, P T Sundeep, Shiv Rajan, Mohit Singh, Abhilasha Tripathi, Philip V Alexander, A Vijay, Moloti Kichu* Ismavel, Carolin V Solomi, Rahul A Alpheus, Ashish Victor Choudhrie, Rashmi Jacob Gunny, Susan Joseph, Nitin J Peters, Neha Pundir, Ram Samujh, Hafsa I Ahmed, Gowhar Aziz, Nisar A Chowdri, Rayees A Dar, Robindera Kour, Imtiyaz Mantoo, Asif Mehraj, Fazl Q Parray, Najmus Saqib, Zamir A Shah, Rauf A Wani, Komal Rautela, Nishu Singh, Priyanka Chowdhury, Sona Chowdhury, Pragyanmai Nayak, Bipradas Roy, Andrea S Alvarez Villaseñor, Kriscia V Ascencio Díaz, Victor J Avalos Herrera, Francisco J Barbosa, Elyoenai Bonilla Ahumada, Irma V Brancaccio, Miguel A Calderón, Guadalupe Castillo Cardiel, Guillermo A Cervantes, Gabino Cervantes Guevara, Enrique Cervantes Perez, Maria Chávez, Jonathan M Chejfec, Luis R Cifuentes, Ana O Cortés, Edgar J Cortes, Tania A Cueto, Andrea E Cueto, Esteban Cueva Martinez, Paulina Domínguez Barradas, Isaac Esparza Estrada, Paola Flores Becerril, Luis A García, Benjamín García Reyna, Eduardo Gómez Sánchez, Jaime L González, Eduardo González Espinoza, Fanny Y González, Cristhian S Guerrero, José A Guzmán, Bertha G Guzmán, Mario J Guzmán, DanielA Hérnandez Alva, SilviaA Ibarra Camargo, JuanC Ibarrola Peña, Martin Islas Torres, Jorge Jiménez Tornero, ZayraM Lara Pérez, Roberto Mares País, MelP Mellado Tellez, RobertoC Miranda Ackerman, Damián Mora Santana, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Rodrigo Nájar Hinojosa, Cesar Nuño Escobar, Itzel Ochoa Rodríguez, Angelica Ortega Barreiro, Jacqueline Osuna Rubio, Luis RPacheco Vallejo, VíctorH Pérez Bocanegra, JoseV Pérez Navarro, Francisco JPlascencia Posada, MaríaA Quirarte Hernández, LuisR Ramirez Gonzalez, Emilio AReyes Elizalde, EveliaV Romo Ascencio, Cornelio Ruelas Bravo, CarlosB Ruiz Velasco, JoséA Sánchez Martínez, Guillermo Sanchez Villaseñor, JoséI Sandoval Pulido, AlejandroG Serrano García, LuisO Suárez Carreón, JuanJ Tijerina Ávila, JesusO Vega Gastelum, MelissaL Vicencio Ramirez, MariaF Zarate Casas, CarlosJ Zuloaga, Fernández del Valle, JesusAntonion Aguilar Mata, MiguelAntonio Calderon Vanegas, RocioGuadalupe Cano Arias, Carlos Colunga Tinajero, Fernanda Diaz Samano, Fernando Duque Zepeda, BrendaVanessa Enriquez Barajas, Gerardo Gallardo Banuelos, MarijoseDe CristoGonzalez Calvillo, Francisco Ibanez Ortiz, Maryzela Lazo Ramirez, Gerardo Lopez Arroyo, LauraOlivia Montano Angeles, DavidGiovannyI Morales Iriarte, AngeloFernando Mortola Lomeli, Jose EstebanOrozco Navarro, Jaime Orozco Perez, Damaris Orozco Ramirez, LauraGabriela Pena Baolboa, Jesus Pizarro Lozano, Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes, Monica N Castillo, Ana CamilleG Dominguez, Dorihela H Mellado, Jesus FlavioM Morales, Luzdel CarmenM Namur, Jose AlbertoA Pesquera, LauraMartinez Perez Maldonado, Antonio RamosDe laMedina, Katya Bozada-Gutierrez, AnaFlorencia Casado-Zarate, Roberto Delano-Alonso, Jose Herrera-Esquivel, Mucio Moreno-Portillo, Mario Trejo-Avila, Roland Kevin CethorthFonseca, Edgard Efren LozadaHernandez, Bruno Crocco Quiros, JairoArturo Rodriguez Ramirez, Gabriela Ambriz-González, MitziR Becerra Moscoso, Ishtar Cabrera-Lozano, AnaB Calderón-Alvarado, FranciscoJ León-Frutos, ErickE Villanueva-Martínez, Aisha Abdullahi, Maimuna Abubakar, MohammedS Aliyu, Mudi Awaisu, Fadimatu Bakari, Abigail Olajumoke Balogun, Ahmad Bello, Kehinde Michael Duromola, Stephen G Gana, Mukoro Duke George, Justina Gimba, Isaac Gundu, Lambert Onahi Iji, Aminat O Jimoh, Afolabi K Koledade, Ahmad T Lawal, Bilkisu K Lawal, Stanley Emeka Nwabuoku, Oluseyi O Ogunsua, Ifeanyi Fidelis Okafor, Ethos Ike Okorie, Nasir Oyelowo, Ibrahim A Saidu, Tunde T Sholadoye, Ibrahim Sufyan, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Aliyu Muhammad Tukur, Ahmad Shehu Umar, Aminatu M Umar, Hajara Umaru-Sule, Mohammed Usman, Alfa Yakubu, Salisu Abeku Yusuf, Abdulhafiz A Abdulkarim, Lawal Barau Abdullahi, Khadija A Ado, Nura U Aliyu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka Anyanwu, Sulaiman M Daneji, Mahmoud Kawu Magashi, Mohammad A Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Saminu S Muhammad, Bello Abodunde Muideen, Calistus U Nwachukwu, Suleiman B Sallau, Abdulrahman A Sheshe, Abdulmajeed Soladoye, Idris Usman Takai, Garzali I Umar, Abubakar Yahaya, Lubabatu Abdulrasheed, Joel A Adze, Lydia R Airede, Bashiru Aminu, Stephen B Bature, Firdaws Bello-Tukur, Damai Chinyio, SharonA N Duniya, Moses C Galadima, Babatunde K Hamza, Samaila Joshua, Stephen A Kache, Williams Y Kagomi, Ifeanyi A Kene, Jamila Lawal, Jerry G Makama, Caleb Mohammed, Amina A Mohammed-Durosinlorun, Deborah Nuwam, Abdulrasheed Sani, Salome Tabara, Mathew C Taingson, Emmanuel Usam, Josiah Yakubu, Folasade Adegoke, Oluwasuyi Ige, Tunde A Odunafolabi, Chukwuma E Okereke, Oluwafemi O Oladele, Oluwaseun H Olaleye, Oyetunde O Olubayo, Olukayode P Abiola, Henry O Abiyere, Idowu O Adebara, GbadeboT C Adeleye, Adebayo A Adeniyi, Olumide E Adewara, Olabisi T Adeyemo, Ademola A Adeyeye, Abimbola L Ariyibi, Babatunde S Awoyinka, Olumide M Ayankunle, Olakunle F Babalola, Adewumi Bakare, TajudeenI B Bakare, Oluseyi O Banjo, Peter A Egharevba, Oluwafemi S Fatudimu, John A Obateru, Oluremi J Odesanya, Owolabi D Ojo, Abiodun I Okunlola, Cecilia K Okunlola, Adewale T Olajide, Tesleem O Orewole, Adedayo I Salawu, Moruf A Abdulsalam, Aderinsola T Adelaja, Olalekan T Ajai, Noble Anyanwu, Kazeem M Atobatele, Oludayo Oluwaseyi Bakare, Omolara M Faboya, Francisca C Nwaenyi, Ayokunle A Ogunyemi, Mobolaji A Oludara, Olufunmilade A Omisanjo, Chinonso U Onyeka, Olabode A Oshodi, Yusuf A Oshodi, Omotade S Salami, Omolara M Williams, Esther Abunimye, Adebunmi Adeoluwa, Adedotun Adesiyakan, Victoria Ibukunoluwa Adeyeye, Moses Vincent Agbulu, David O Akinboyewa, Iyabo O Alasi, Michael Amao, Christiana Ashley-Osuzoka, Oluwole A Atoyebi, Olanrewaju S Balogun, Maryam Oluwatobi Busari, Nnamdi Jonathan Duru, Glory Bassey Edet, Olumide A Elebute, Francis Chinonso Ezenwankwo, Adedeji L Fatuga, Christianah Gbenga-Oke, Emmanuel Sylvester Inyang, Adesola I Jimoh, Jubril Oladayo Kuku, OluwaseunA Ladipo-Ajayi, Abdulrazzaq O Lawal, Christian Chigoze Makwe, Chinelo Victoria Mgbemena, Samuel U Nwokocha, Moses Adebisi Ogunjimi, Ephraim Okwudiri Ohazurike, Rufus W Ojewola, Moyosoluwa Eunice Badedale, Chike J Okeke, Adeyemi A Okunowo, Abraham T Oladimeji, Thomas O Olajide, Olabisi Olanrewaju, Olawunmi Olayioye, Oluwaseun O Oluseye, Stephen Olutola, Kenneth Onyekachi, Adeola Ayoola Orowale, Emili Osariemen, Adedapo Olumide Osinowo, Emmanuel Owie, Christianah Bidemi Oyegbola, Justina OSeyi-Olajide, AdaiahP Soibi-Harry, Manuella Talla Timo, Aloy Okechukwu Ugwu, Emmanuel Ojo Williams, Innocent O Duruewuru, Ochonma A Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Hyginus Ekwunife, James J Emeka, Chimdiebele Daisy Nwosu, Sylvester O Obiechina, Ahuizechukwu E Obiesie, Celestine I Okafor, Theophilus O Okonoboh, Odili A Okoye, Onyekachi A Onu, Chukwudubem C Onyejiaka, Chisom Faith Uche, JosephO Ugboajah, Akeem A Adeleke, Akinfolarin C Adepiti, Adewale A Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz O Adesunkanmi, Adewale O Adisa, Samuel C Ajekwu, Olusegun K Ajenifuja, Olusegun I Alatise, Tajudeen A Badmus, Tajudeen O Mohammed, Abdulkadir A Salako, Oludayo A Sowande, Ademola O Talabi, Funmilola O Wuraola, Paul Aderemi Adegoke, Abidemi Akinloye, Ayodeji Akinniyi, Joseph Ejimogu, Ideyonbe Samuel Eseile, Olakayode Olaolu Ogundoyin, Amos Okedare, Dare Isaac Olulana, Omolara Omotola, Francis Sanwo, Collins C Adumah, Adewale O Ajagbe, Olugbenga P Akintunde, Opeyemi Q Asafa, Kehinde Awodele, Amogu K Eziyi, Adeniyi O Fasanu, Olufemi O Ojewuyi, Abiodun R Ojewuyi, Abisola E Oyedele, Oluwaseun A Taiwo, Habiba I Abdullahi, Nathaniel D Adewole, Teddy E Agida, Eunice E Ailunia, Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Godwin O Akaba, Janet Alfred, Terkaa Atim, Kehinde G Bawa, John Y Chinda, Esther B Daluk, Sefiu B Eniola, Augusta O Ezenwa, Stephen E Garba, Philip M Mshelbwala, Ngozi O Ndukwe, Idoko P Ogolekwu, Alexander A Ohemu, Samuel A Sani, Salisu Suleiman, Helen Sunday, Nancy O Tabuanu, Aminu M Umar, Peter I Agbonrofo, Alexander I Arekhandia, Morrison E Edena, Raymond A Eghonghon, Joel E Enaholo, Genesis Ida, Stanley N Ideh, Oseihie I Iribhogbe, Omorodion O Irowa, Maradona E Isikhuemen, Oluwatomi R Odutola, Kester O Okoduwa, Scott O Omorogbe, David Oruade, Osasumwen T Osagie, Osarenkhoe Osemwegie, RukiyatA Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adekola Adebayo, Oluwasanmi A Ajagbe, Gboyega Ajibola, Kelvin I Egbuchulem, Hyginus O Ekwuazi, Adegbolahan Fakoya, Oluwasegun C Idowu, David O Irabor, Taiwo A Lawal, Olakayode O Ogundoyin, Oluwabukade Ojediran, Naomi Olagunju, Akinsola T Sanusi, Augustine O Takure, Lukman Olajide Abdur-Rahman, Mary Oluwadamilola Adebisi, Nurudeen Abiola Adeleke, Rafiat Tinuola Afolabi, Isiaka Ishola Aremu, Jibril Oyekunle Bello, Robiat Bello, Saheed Abolade Lawal, Adeolu Ojajuni, Sabur Oyewale, Victor Abhulimen, Patrick O Igwe, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya Iweha, Raphael E John, Nnyonno Okoi, Philemon E Okoro, Vaduneme Kingsley Oriji, Ibiene T Oweredaba, Japhet Mizero, Immaculee Mutimamwiza, Francoise Nirere, Irenee Niyongombwa, Jean Paul Majyabere, Anastase Byaruhanga, Rongin Dukuzimana, Jean Aimable Habiyakare, Marie Gloriose Nabada, Marcel Uwizeye, Mathias Ruhosha, Joselyne Igiraneza, Faustine Ingabire, Aloys Karekezi, Jean pierre Masengesho, Lydia Mukamazera, Clemence Mukangabo, Jean Paul Niyomuremyi, Gabriel Ntwari, Celestin Seneza, Divine Umuhoza, Pierrine Nyirangeri, Jean Claude Uwimana, Isaie Sibomana, Desire Rubanguka, Josine Umuhoza, Roda Uwayezu, Leoncie Uzikwambara, Herbert Butana, Moise Dusabeyezu, Athanasie Mukasine, Jean N Utumatwishima, Mediatrice Batangana, Jeande Dieu Haragirimana, AllenJ C Ingabire, Espoir Mwungura, Dancilla Nyirasebura, Christian Jean Urimubabo, Anaclet Dusabimana, Sam Kanyesigye, Robert Munyaneza, Jean Yves Shyirakera, Aimee Domingo, Philip Munda, Chido Nyatsambo, Victor Ojo, Rudo Pswarayi, and Soeren Laurberg

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published
2024
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28. El análisis de la intervención urbanística en Cartolandia a través del método de la foto-voz

Author

Renato Pintor-Sandoval and Jhon Jaime Correa-Ramírez

Subjects
Tijuana, Cartolandia, foto-voz, intervención urbanística, Social Sciences
Abstract

El presente trabajo abordó las distintas percepciones de las personas desalojadas en 1972 del asentamiento irregular de Cartolandia, establecido en 1955 en Tijuana, Baja California, México. Para esto, se empleó la metodología de la foto-voz que permite a los entrevistados recordar distintos pasajes y dar voz a las fotografías seleccionadas. Este método participante es útil en los estudios del rescate de la memoria oral al mostrar las emociones, sucesos, anécdotas, y la retroalimentación de las vivencias de los actores. Se concluye que el proceso de gentrificación contribuyó a que en la ciudad se rediseñara el entramado urbanístico a futuro; sin embargo, para los desplazados, persiste el estigma social y el resquebrajamiento de su comunidad e identidad, aspectos que antes los caracterizaban.

Published
2024
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29. Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort studyResearch in context

Author

Carlos J. Pérez Rivera, Nicolás Lozano-Suárez, Alejandro Velandia-Sánchez, Maria Paula Vargas-Cuellar, Luisa Fernanda Rojas-Serrano, Camilo A. Polanía-Sandoval, Daniela Lara-Espinosa, Laura García-Zambrano, Maria Paz Bohórquez-Tarazona, Silvia Valentina Agudelo-Mendoza, Paulo A. Cabrera-Rivera, Leonardo Briceno-Ayala, Camilo Andres Polania-Sandoval, María Paula Vargas-Cuéllar, Paulo Andrés Cabrera-Rivera, Danna Cruz-Reyes, Juan Guillermo Barrera Carvajal, Luis Felipe Cabrera-Vargas, Oscar Guevara, Laura Cristina Arce Polania, Laura Natalia Buendía Barrios, María Isabel Cristina Camargo Areyanes, Felipe Casas, Valeria Cormane Alfaro, Juan P. García-Méndez, Bayron Guerra, Sharon V. Idarraga-Ayala, Akram Kadamani Abiyomaa, Christopher Montoya, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, María Alejandra Pineda, Juliana Pinzón-Luna, Isabella Roa Bastidas, Carlos Fernando Roman Ortega, Juan D. Saavedra Henao, Laura Carolina SanJuan-Arias, Vanessa Barreto, Julian Corso, Mariana Maksoud-Garcia, Eliana Pineda Mateus, Alejandra Vega Zabaraín, Fabien Mantilla-Sylvain, Nicolas Perez, Sergio Alzate-Ricaurte, Monica Bejarano, Isabella Caicedo Holguin, Alberto Federico García, Stefania Rodriguez Sanchez, Felipe Bernal Santos, Carlos Luna Jaspe, Maria Camila Luna-Jaspe Roa, Maria Paula OLIVERA Bolívar, MariaFernanda Valdivieso Diaz, Yuli Agudelo, Maria Paula Castillo-Aristizábal, Juan Pablo Hoyos Burgos, Maria Clara Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Gabriel Arroyave, Felipe Buitrago Preciado, Lina María Cardona González, Juan Camilo Correa-Cote, Karen Lorena Franco Arias, Juan Felipe Llano Sierra, Gustavo López, Cesar Mancero, Sebastian Parra, Beatriz Ramirez Gonzalez, Daniela Sierra, Maria Camila Amaya Muñoz, Ashley Blanco-Ramírez, Paul Anthony Camacho, Jorge Campillo, Andrea Ximena Carvajal Mejia, María Alejandra González Yamil, Juan Carlos Osorno Villegas, Eduardo Rubio, Santiago Sánchez Herrera, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Tatiana Agudelo, Valentina Andrade, Laura Arango Pérez, Anibal Ariza-Gutiérrez, Jacobo Berrio, Natalia Cantillo Torres, Maria Valeria Chamorro-Rodríguez, Lucia Conde, Oscar Hernando Feo Lee, María Camila González Nieto, Laura Cecilia Ibañez-Pintor, Catalina Ochoa, Juan Ospina, Juan José Pérez-Ocampo, Esteban Portilla Rojas, Daniela Saaibi Rey, Eduardo Serrano, Sharon Michelle Solorza Velásquez, Angélica María Toro Cubides, Raúl Aguiar, Diego Armando Beltrán Rincón, Juan Sebastian Figueroa, Rafael Figueroa-Casanova, Maria Fernanda Gonzalez Mosos, Marcia Gabriela Gómez, Susana Osorno, Laura Laura Palacio, Jose Venegas, Liliana Marcela Caicedo Ramírez, Diana Catalina Cardona Gomez, Daniel Alejandro Fernandez Bolaños, Adriana Fernández-Diago, Victor David Olave Montaño, César Pastás, Silvia Marcela Amorocho, Jorge Barbosa-Santibañez, Vladimir Baron, Alejandra Cartagena-Alvarado, Maria Castillo, Maria Carolina Castillo-Florez, Omar David Dimian Mayorga, Elena Leonor Delgado-Nieto, Ernesto Fajardo, Omar Leonardo Gomez Polania, Tania Gonzalez, Daniel Felipe Guzman Mesa, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Jaime A. Leal, Camilo Medina, Jorge Navarro-Alean, Maria Antonia Ocampo, Guillermo Oliveros, Maria Ortiz, Jorge I. Ortiz-Mahecha, Katherine Parra Abaunza, Felipe Antonio Pulido Reyes, Natalia Rivera-Rincón, Carlos Alfonso Rodriguez Pinedo, Lizeth Rodriguez Sanchez, Juan Javier Romero, Juan Carlos Sabogal Olarte, Javier Mauricio Salgado Tovar, Guillermo Andrés Torres, Linda Vallejo, Felipe Vargas-Barato, Ana María Vargas Patiño, Juan Pablo Villate León, Miguel Angel Montañez Aldana, Chiara Norato, Hugo Rojas Borda, Miguel Á Romero Núñez, Alejandro Sánchez, Jose Támara López, Jose Támara P, Wilmer Fernando Botache Capera, Rolando Medina Rojas, Juan Torres, Gina Catalina Trujillo, Gabriela Estefanía Cubillos Saavedra, Francisco García-Laverde, Jussef Camilo Naffah Enciso, Julian Arango Betancur, Adriana Cortés-Coronado, Susana Sepúlveda Tamayo, Valentina Arboleda Cardenas, Luis Guillermo García-Barrero, Jhonatan Enrique Garzón-Galindo, Lina Fernanda Torres Parada, Alejandro Arias Quintero, David Cano, Kevin Fernando Montoya Quintero, Santiago Nieto Muñoz, Paula Saza Mejía, Jesus David Gomez Barrios, María Angélica Jimeno, Ghandi Ignacio Restrepo Hernandez, Adrian Rodríguez-Sequea, Juan Carlos Varón Cotes, Hanner Enrique Acevedo Reyes, Claudia Marcela Barandica Bolaño, Maria Camila Sierra-Cote, Laura Daniela Angarita Vargas, Alix Yurany Báez Ramírez, Jose Armando Rodriguez Suarez, David Leonardo Sánchez, Silvia Natalia Sandoval Rangel, Edwin Ulloa Hurtado, Olga Esther Hernández Almanza, Rosalba Inmaculada Martínez Zubiria, Angel Alexis Muegues Salas, Diego Alexander Becerra Cardona, Fabio Hernán Cárdenas Santamaría, Juan Daniel Echeverri Castaño, Juan Sebastián Echeverri Uribe, María Helena Gaitán Buitrago, Luis Felipe Galvis Valencia, Andrea Henao Sabogal, David Felipe López Atehortúa, Juan Manuel Molina Uribe, Edwin Enrique Peñate Suárez, Heiller Torres Valencia, Marcela Velásquez Salazar, Catalina Correa, Hans García, Juan Hernández Leal, Paula Tatiana Muñoz Vargas, Dínimo José Bolívar Sáenz, Camilo Andrés Caicedo Medina, Camilo Andres Garcia Riaño, Stephanye Carrillo Gonzalez, Jaime Lorduy Gómez, Carlos Torres Madrid, Walter Torres Villa, Juan Sebastian Luengas Orozco, Camilo Avendaño Capriles, Carolina Diaz Blanco, Maria Lucía Brieva Hoyos, Paola Andrea Cantillo Moreno, Sofía Carolina Granados Mendoza, José Dario Vizcaino Lara, Karla Lizeth Babativa Peñuela, Paula Andrea Jiménez Bahamón, Jhonier Estiven Maldonado Rico, Duvan Ernesto Martínez Cortes, José Alfredo Orjuela Aragón, Lizeth Daniela Castro Roa, Julieth Sarmiento Gallego, Marta Maria Herazo Meza, Anlly Caterin Hernández Castillo, Rosa Gabriela Rojas Moncada, Lucia Fernanda Casanova Bermeo, Oscar Fernando Cortés Otero, Nicolás Diaz Pinilla, Harrison Rene Herrera Delgado, Simon Alberto Macías Segura, David Ramiro Muñoz Castrillón, Luis Ramiro Nuñez Romero, Cesar Andrés Polania Andrade, Hector Alejandro Valdez Toro, Ana María Cardozo Parrado, Jose Gonzalo Moros, Paula Andrea Nieto, Jorge Mario Patarroyo, Jose Luis Perilla Martínez, María del Pilar Torres Gutierrez, Erika Johana Benito Flórez, Mariana Vergel Gómez, Diana Ximena Robayo Rodriguez, Diego Fernando Salcedo Miranda, Maria Alejandra Triviño Cortés, William Baquero Sastre, Juan Sebastian Bonett, Eliana Cortes, Pedro Fernando Duque, Carlos Enrique Gutierrez, Piedad Echeverry, Andrés Felipe Motta Amar, Lorena Torres, Jeremias Carvajal Bautista, David Mauricio Figueroa Bohórquez, Manuel Latorre Quintana, Diego Fernando Olivera Briñez, Marcel Leonardo Quintero Contreras, Raúl Vera Gamboa, Mariana Arias Zapata, Cristhian Daniel Benavides Caipe, Luisa Fernanda Betancur Acevedo, Valentina Botero Zuluaga, Vanessa Figueroa-Espinoza, Arbey Leandro Londoño-Patiño, Santiago Moncayo-Gonzalez, Laura Sofia Puerta Suárez, Paula Camila Vargas-Arboleda, Lisbet Sofia Gonzalez Cera, Katerine Henao Toro, Leobardo de Jesus Ortiz Pino, Sergio Andrés Vasquez Vargas, Lency Naranjo Zuluaga, Jaime Chamorro Garzón, Adriana Paola Franco Rodriguez, Nataly Johana Acosta Alape, Andrés Felipe Arbelaez Mariño, Juan José Mora Herrera, Javier Felipe Ayala Muñoz, Yeiny Carina Camacho Pinzon, José Francisco Cárdenas Chacón, Liliana Andrea Peña Arenas, Gustavo Adolfo Rodriguez Camargo, Carlos Alberto Sánchez Arango, Daniel Mauricio Bolaños Ñañez, Diana Sofía Garcés-Palacios, María Alejandra Ñañez Pantoja, Omar Alejandro Ortega-Valencia, María Paula Gamboa Bernal, Juan David Lotero Gómez, Juan Sebastián Martínez-Gutiérrez, Daniel Morales-Gómez, Lina Pardo-Jiménez, Leon Miguel Fonseca Galindo, Angélica Maria Garcia Ramirez, Juan David Saurith Ramirez, Ivan Ricardo Barrero Montoya, Santiago Cadena Espitia, Salomé Pallares Rojas, Laura Camila Zapata Berrio, Diana Andrea Benavides Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Gonzalez, Sharon Valentina Idarraga, Óscar Eduardo Márquez Rodríguez, Ivi Yohana Marrugo Prieto, Laura Vanessa Soledad Machado, Rubén Luna, Nicolás Navarro Pulido, Federico Javier Nuñez Ricardo, Andrea Elena García López, Fernando Girón Luque, Nasly Patiño Jaramillo, Néstor Fabian Pedraza Alonso, Javier Yecid Acuña Acuña Rivera JY, Oscar Alexander Guevara Cruz, Juan Sebastián Martínez Buitrago, Nathalia Montoya Oviedo, Marcia Roxana Santafe Guerrero, Juanita Carolina Chaves Cortés, Francisco Mauricio Rincón Tello, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Nicolas Andres Cortes Mejia, Camilo Ernesto Garzon Mesa, Alejandra Moncada Pabon, Diego Rymel Triviño Alvarez, Alonso Vera Torres, Maria Alejandra Cote Martinez, Juan Manuel Machado Rodriguez, Gonzalo Nuñez Martinez, Laura Naranjo Osuna, Andres Felipe Roldan Garay, Daniel Amado, Jaime Camacho-Mackenzie, Maria Ceballos Mora, Sara Cifuentes-Navarrete, Andrea Donoso-Samper, Manuel A. Ferro, Juan C. Gómez-Cáceres, Sebastián Gómez-Galán, Ana G. Leiva, Juan Lisarazo, Maria G. López-Castaño, Sofía Martínez-Gil, M.J. Montoya, Santiago Niño-Basto, Sergio Andrés Ortigoza-Espitia, Gustavo Páez, Jesús William Ramos-Anaya, María J. Rozo, Juan P. Umana, Andres Motta Amar, Andrés Felipe Barrera Vargas, Javier Dario Maldonado Escalante, German Ricardo Molina Marroquin, and Silvia Alejandra Prada Lievano

Subjects
Global health, Public health, Surgery, Health policy, Hospital mortality, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017.

Published
2024
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30. Monitoring People’s Mobility in the Cities: A Review of Advanced Technologies

Author

Pintor, Lucia, Uras, Marco, Colistra, Giuseppe, Atzori, Luigi, Costi, Dario, Series Editor, Amirante, Roberta, Editorial Board Member, Bertelli, Guya, Editorial Board Member, Bertogna, Marko, Editorial Board Member, Boeri, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Borsari, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Braghieri, Nicola, Editorial Board Member, Cheshmehzangi, Ali, Editorial Board Member, D’Aloia, Antonio, Editorial Board Member, Desideri, Paolo, Editorial Board Member, Diazzi, Morena, Editorial Board Member, Duretti, Sergio, Editorial Board Member, Gambarotta, Agostino, Editorial Board Member, Lelli, Gabriele, Editorial Board Member, Leoni, Giovanni, Editorial Board Member, Leali, Francesco, Editorial Board Member, Manfredi, Francesco, Editorial Board Member, Mambriani, Carlo, Editorial Board Member, Mangi, Eugenio, Editorial Board Member, Menozzi, Roberto, Editorial Board Member, Montepara, Antonio, Editorial Board Member, Mulazzani, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Nucci, Carlo Alberto, Editorial Board Member, Scagliarini, Simone, Editorial Board Member, Sciascia, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Trentin, Annalisa, Editorial Board Member, Trevisan, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Zaninelli, Dario, Editorial Board Member, Zazzi, Michele, Editorial Board Member, Ortolan, Emanuele, Managing Editor, and Fanfoni, Andrea, Managing Editor

Published
2024
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31. Lean Manufacturing vs Coaching Alliance in Engagement Promotion: An Employee Suggestion System Prototype

Author

Salvadorinho, Juliana, Bastos, Tiago, Pintor, Paulo, Teixeira, Leonor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Silva, Francisco J. G., editor, Ferreira, Luís Pinto, editor, Sá, José Carlos, editor, Pereira, Maria Teresa, editor, and Pinto, Carla M. A., editor

Published
2024
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32. Stateful Detection of Adversarial Reprogramming

Author

Zheng, Yang, Feng, Xiaoyi, Xia, Zhaoqiang, Jiang, Xiaoyue, Pintor, Maura, Demontis, Ambra, Biggio, Battista, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract

Adversarial reprogramming allows stealing computational resources by repurposing machine learning models to perform a different task chosen by the attacker. For example, a model trained to recognize images of animals can be reprogrammed to recognize medical images by embedding an adversarial program in the images provided as inputs. This attack can be perpetrated even if the target model is a black box, supposed that the machine-learning model is provided as a service and the attacker can query the model and collect its outputs. So far, no defense has been demonstrated effective in this scenario. We show for the first time that this attack is detectable using stateful defenses, which store the queries made to the classifier and detect the abnormal cases in which they are similar. Once a malicious query is detected, the account of the user who made it can be blocked. Thus, the attacker must create many accounts to perpetrate the attack. To decrease this number, the attacker could create the adversarial program against a surrogate classifier and then fine-tune it by making few queries to the target model. In this scenario, the effectiveness of the stateful defense is reduced, but we show that it is still effective.

Published
2022

35. Of antibiotics and Streptomycetes : bioprospecting isolates from a high-altitude ecosystem in South America

Author

Pintor Escobar, Linamaria, Fernandez-Martinez, Lorena, and Ashton, Paul

Subjects
Streptomyces, antibiotics, bioprospection, pa´ramos, antimicrobial resistance, genome mining, heterologous expression
Abstract

Antibiotics have become central to public health. However, our misuse of these compounds has accelerated an antimicrobial resistance crisis and caused an urgent need to discover new compounds. To overcome this problem, one strategy focuses on utilizing the vast microbial diversity that remains unexplored and study their potential to produce novel antibiotics. In line with that, this project focuses on a set of strains (CG885, CG893 and CG926) isolated from a páramo, a high-altitude ecosystem, in the northern Andes of South America. Bioassays, phylogenetic analyses, and genome mining suggest the strain CG926 is the most promising. It was found to be a new species (Streptomyces paramonensis), to harbour an 8.5 Mb genome, which contains around 25 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) potentially related to bioactive compounds and to have the strongest antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. To further study this novel strain, we used the heterologous host S. coelicolor M1146 to successfully express the cluster Hyb-5, which is predicted to encode a novel antimicrobial. The 70-kb BGC comprises 52 open reading frames including two genes coding for a Non-Ribosomal Protein Synthase (NRPS) and one encoding a type-1 Polyketide Synthase (PKS). It also contains a stravidin cluster, svnA-N, and two flanking streptavidin genes that have been linked before with an antimicrobial complex that targets biotin. Antimicrobial assays and chemical analyses in UHPLC-HRMS were also performed to explore the features of this potentially novel bioactive compound. Ethyl acetate extracts of the recombinant S. coelicolor M1146 revealed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and chemical features that have no match with any known compounds to date. Overall, these results show that studying the microbial diversity of underexplored environments is a potentially fruitful strategy for finding novel antibiotics and to contribute to the fight against antimicrobial resistance.

Published
2023

36. The Roles of Subjective Norms and Accessibility in the Acceptance Model of Koperasi Karunika Online Application

Author

Sakina Nusarifa Tantri and Shine Pintor Siolemba Patiro

Subjects
Technology, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

The massive change from the offline to online era is a sign of digital disruption. One of the organizations that has also been affected is Koperasi Karunika. The purpose of this study is to refine TAM model by adding two antecedents namely accessibility and subjective norm to explain and predict the intention to use online saving and loan application in Koperasi Karunika. In this quantitative study, the variables are explored using online survey. The numbers of respondents in this study is 62 participants. The data were analyzed using SEM PLS. The refinedt model of the TAM used in this study is appropriate but only partially because not all of the proposed hypotheses are supported by the data. Subjective norm was found to be significantly affecting the intention to use, while accessibility was found to be no effect on intention to use the online saving and loan application.

Published
2024
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37. Angina o isquemia con arterias coronarias no obstruidas: un protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico específico

Author

Riccardo Rinaldi, Francesco Spione, Filippo Maria Verardi, Pablo Vidal Calés, Víctor Arévalos, Rami Gabani, Daniel Cánovas, Montserrat Gutiérrez, Montserrat Pardo, Rosa Domínguez, Luis Pintor, Xavier Torres, Xavier Freixa, Ander Regueiro, Omar Abdul-Jawad Altisent, Manel Sabaté, and Salvatore Brugaletta

Subjects
INOCA, ANOCA, Diagnóstico, Terapia, Protocolo, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: El abordaje sistemático en pacientes con angina con arterias coronarias no obstruidas (ANOCA) o con isquemia con arterias coronarias no obstruidas (INOCA) no está bien protocolizado. Métodos: Todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de INOCA o ANOCA se trasladaron a una clínica ambulatoria específica para evaluar su elegibilidad para el programa NOCA. Si eran elegibles, se sometían a una angiografía coronaria programada con pruebas de función coronaria y provocación intracoronaria con acetilcolina. La terapia médica se optimizó en consecuencia. Todos los pacientes tuvieron un seguimiento a 1, 3, 6 y 12 meses. Al inicio y a los 3 meses se aplicaron los cuestionarios SAQ y EuroQol-5D. Resultados: De 77 pacientes se excluyeron 23 (29,9%) y se incluyeron 54 (70,1%) (29 [53,7%] con INOCA y 25 [46,3%] con ANOCA). Se diagnosticó angina microvascular a 19 (35,2 %) pacientes, angina vasoespástica a 12 (22,2 %), angina microvascular y angina vasoespástica a 18 (33,3 %), y dolor torácico no coronario a 5 (9,3 %). Hubo un aumento significativo en el uso de bloqueadores beta, bloqueadores del calcio y nitratos. Se presentaron complicaciones en 3 (5,5%) pacientes. No hubo diferencias en la puntuación media del EQ-5D a los 3 meses y se observó una...

Published
2024
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38. Angina or ischemia with no obstructed coronary arteries: a specific diagnostic and therapeutic protocol

Author

Riccardo Rinaldi, Francesco Spione, Filippo Maria Verardi, Pablo Vidal Calés, Víctor Arévalos, Rami Gabani, Daniel Cánovas, Montserrat Gutiérrez, Montserrat Pardo, Rosa Domínguez, Luis Pintor, Xavier Torres, Xavier Freixa, Ander Regueiro, Omar Abdul-Jawad Altisent, Manel Sabaté, and Salvatore Brugaletta

Subjects
INOCA, ANOCA, Diagnosis, Therapy, Protocol, Medicine
Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: A systematic approach to patients with angina with no obstructed coronary arteries (ANOCA) or ischemia with no obstructed coronary arteries (INOCA) patients is not routinely implemented. Methods: All consecutive patients diagnosed with ANOCA/INOCA were referred to a designated outpatient clinic for a screening visit to assess their eligibility for a NOCA program. If eligible, patients underwent scheduled coronary angiograms with coronary function testing and intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing. Medical therapy was optimized accordingly. All patients were then followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments included the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and EuroQol-5D questionnaire. Results: Of 77 patients screened, 23 (29.9%) were excluded and 54 (70.1%) were included (29 [53.7%] with INOCA and 25 [46.3%] with ANOCA). Microvascular angina was diagnosed in 19 (35.2%) patients, vasospastic angina in 12 (22.2%), both microvascular angina and vasospastic angina in 18 (33.3%), and noncoronary chest pain in 5 (9.3%). There was a notable increase in the use of beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitrates. Complications occurred in 3 (5.5%) patients. Compared with baseline, there was no difference in the mean EQ-5D score at the 3-month follow-up, but there was a significant improvement in the SAQ score...

Published
2024
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40. Explaining Machine Learning DGA Detectors from DNS Traffic Data

Author

Piras, Giorgio, Pintor, Maura, Demetrio, Luca, and Biggio, Battista

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

One of the most common causes of lack of continuity of online systems stems from a widely popular Cyber Attack known as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), in which a network of infected devices (botnet) gets exploited to flood the computational capacity of services through the commands of an attacker. This attack is made by leveraging the Domain Name System (DNS) technology through Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs), a stealthy connection strategy that yet leaves suspicious data patterns. To detect such threats, advances in their analysis have been made. For the majority, they found Machine Learning (ML) as a solution, which can be highly effective in analyzing and classifying massive amounts of data. Although strongly performing, ML models have a certain degree of obscurity in their decision-making process. To cope with this problem, a branch of ML known as Explainable ML tries to break down the black-box nature of classifiers and make them interpretable and human-readable. This work addresses the problem of Explainable ML in the context of botnet and DGA detection, which at the best of our knowledge, is the first to concretely break down the decisions of ML classifiers when devised for botnet/DGA detection, therefore providing global and local explanations.

Published
2022

41. Robust Machine Learning for Malware Detection over Time

Author

Angioni, Daniele, Demetrio, Luca, Pintor, Maura, and Biggio, Battista

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

The presence and persistence of Android malware is an on-going threat that plagues this information era, and machine learning technologies are now extensively used to deploy more effective detectors that can block the majority of these malicious programs. However, these algorithms have not been developed to pursue the natural evolution of malware, and their performances significantly degrade over time because of such concept-drift. Currently, state-of-the-art techniques only focus on detecting the presence of such drift, or they address it by relying on frequent updates of models. Hence, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the cause of the concept drift, and ad-hoc solutions that can counter the passing of time are still under-investigated. In this work, we commence to address these issues as we propose (i) a drift-analysis framework to identify which characteristics of data are causing the drift, and (ii) SVM-CB, a time-aware classifier that leverages the drift-analysis information to slow down the performance drop. We highlight the efficacy of our contribution by comparing its degradation over time with a state-of-the-art classifier, and we show that SVM-CB better withstands the distribution changes that naturally characterize the malware domain. We conclude by discussing the limitations of our approach and how our contribution can be taken as a first step towards more time-resistant classifiers that not only tackle, but also understand the concept drift that affects data.

Published
2022

42. ‘Dear younger self…’: using a photograph think-aloud method to explore the lessons university students would pass on to their teenage selves

Author

Jane Ogden, Amel Boukabous, Emily Ford, Maggie Pedrosa, and Clara Roca Pintor

Subjects
University students, identity, self-esteem, adolescence, qualitative, think aloud, Psychology, BF1-990, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

AbstractUniversity can be a time of identity shift and transition for many and for some, the worries of adolescence can start to subside. Aims: This qualitative study explored the lessons those in their final year at University would say to their younger selves using a novel photograph prompted think-aloud method. Final year University students (n = 42; aged 20–24) were asked to look at a photograph of themselves in their mid-teens and think-aloud about the lessons learned since this time. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and described three main themes: ‘create a safe space’ to ensure a positive environment around you; ‘look around you and take perspective’ involving looking outwards to realise that things could be worse; ‘look inwards and trust yourself’ by listening to your feelings. Transcending these themes was the value of learning to ‘be patient and accept change’ and an overarching lesson to ‘pay attention to what matters’. The lessons University students would give their younger selves involved regulating both their internal and external world, being patient and paying attention to aspects of the world that enhance wellbeing. These lessons provide an insider’s voice which is both relatable and inspiring for other young people. Further, they illustrate the application of a novel photograph prompted think-aloud method which could be used to elicit lessons learned from a wealth of life stages and reflections of recovery after both physical and mental health problems.

Published
2024
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43. Blockage of αvβ3 integrin in 3D culture of triple-negative breast cancer and endothelial cells inhibits migration and discourages endothelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity

Author

Bruna Carla Casali, Matheus Pintor Baptista, Bianca Cruz Pachane, Anelise Abreu Cortez, Wanessa Fernanda Altei, and Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araújo

Subjects
3D culture, αvβ3 integrin, Cell migration, Triple-negative breast cancer, Endothelial cell, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Breast cancer is a relevant cause of mortality in women and its triple-negative subtype (TNBC) is usually associated with poor prognosis. During tumor progression to metastasis, angiogenesis is triggered by the sprouting of endothelial cells from pre-existing vessels by a dynamic chain of events including VE-cadherin downregulation, actin protrusion, and integrin-mediated adhesion, allowing for migration and proliferation. The binding of tumoral and tumor-associated stromal cells with the extracellular matrix through integrins mediates angiogenic processes and certain integrin subtypes, such as the αvβ3 integrin, are upregulated in hypoxic TNBC models. Integrin αvβ3 inhibition by the high-affinity binding disintegrin DisBa-01 was previously demonstrated to induce anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic responses in traditional 2D cell assays. Here, we investigate the effects of integrin αvβ3 blockage in endothelial and TNBC cells by DisBa-01 in 3D cultures under two oxygen conditions (1% and 20%). 3D cultures created using non-adhesive micromolds with Matrigel were submitted to migration assay in Boyden chambers and fluorescence analysis. DisBa-01 inhibited cell migration in normoxia and hypoxia in both MDA-MB-231 and HUVEC spheroids. Protein levels of integrin αvβ3 were overexpressed in HUVEC spheroids compared to MDA-MB-231 spheroids. In HUVEC 3D cultures, sprouting assays in collagen type I were decreased in normoxia upon DisBa-01 treatment, and VE-cadherin levels were diminished in HUVEC spheroids in hypoxia and upon DisBa-01 treatment. In conclusion, the blockage of integrin αvβ3 by DisBa-01 inhibits cell migration in 3D culture and interferes with tumor-derived responses in different oxygen settings, implicating its crucial role in angiogenesis and tumor progression.

Published
2024
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44. ImageNet-Patch: A Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Robustness against Adversarial Patches

Author

Pintor, Maura, Angioni, Daniele, Sotgiu, Angelo, Demetrio, Luca, Demontis, Ambra, Biggio, Battista, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Adversarial patches are optimized contiguous pixel blocks in an input image that cause a machine-learning model to misclassify it. However, their optimization is computationally demanding, and requires careful hyperparameter tuning, potentially leading to suboptimal robustness evaluations. To overcome these issues, we propose ImageNet-Patch, a dataset to benchmark machine-learning models against adversarial patches. It consists of a set of patches, optimized to generalize across different models, and readily applicable to ImageNet data after preprocessing them with affine transformations. This process enables an approximate yet faster robustness evaluation, leveraging the transferability of adversarial perturbations. We showcase the usefulness of this dataset by testing the effectiveness of the computed patches against 127 models. We conclude by discussing how our dataset could be used as a benchmark for robustness, and how our methodology can be generalized to other domains. We open source our dataset and evaluation code at https://github.com/pralab/ImageNet-Patch.

Published
2022

47. Microbiology testing capacity and antimicrobial drug resistance in surgical-site infections: a post-hoc, prospective, secondary analysis of the FALCON randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries

Author

Aboderin, Aaron Oladipo, Amfoabegyi, Solomon, Awopeju, Abimbola Temitayo, Bahrami-Hessari, Michael, Garchie, Emmanuel Isaac Acquah, Gill, Martin, Karikari, Akosua, Kirby, Andrew, Makanjuola, Olufunmilola, Mutiu, Bamidele, Offiong, Anthony Bassey, Oshun, Philip Olayiwola, Osumanu, Hisham Alhassan, Owusu-Ofori, Alex, Varghese, Shereen Rachel, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, Adebanjo, Ademola Tolulope, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, Akoto, Erica, Aminu, Aliyu, Armah, Ralph, Aruldas, Neerav David, Choudhrie, Ashish V, Coompson, Christian Larbi, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, Fourtounas, Maria, Lawani, Souliath, Mathew, Arpit Jacob, Patel, Akhil, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Hardy, Pollyanna, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Sodonougbo, Pierre, Behanzin, Hulrich, Kangni, Sosthène, Agboton, Gérard, Adagrah, Luke Aniakwo, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, Acquah, Ato Oppong, Ankomah, James, Acquah, Regina, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, Acheampong, Dorcas Otuo, Adu-Aryee, Nii Armah, Abubakari, Fatao, Titigah, Abraham, Owusu, Frank, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, Adobea, Vivian, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, Gautham, Arun, Bhatti, Dimple, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, Aggarwal, Manisha, Alexander, Philip, Dasari, Amos, Alpheus, Rahul, Kumar, Hemanth, Raul, Subrat, Bueno, Wenceslao Ángeles, Ortiz, Reyes Cervantes, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, Cerdan, Claudia Caballero, Gallo, Mariana Barreto, Gamez, Rozana Reyes, Sánchez, Irani Durán, Abdullahi, Lawal, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Abdulsalam, Moruf, Adeleye, Victoria, Egwuonwu, Ochomma, Adeleke, Akeem, Adebayo, Francis, Chiejina, Godwin, Abayomi, Olukayode, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, Ede, Jude, Ezinne, Uba, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, Dusabe, Moses, Hirwa, Aime Dieudonne, Bucyibaruta, Georges, Adams, Mary Augusta, Birtles, Cheryl, Ally, Zain, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, Cook, Jonathan, Brown, Julia, Adisa, Adewale O, Ismail, Lawani, Bhangu, Aneel, Omar, Omar, Simoes, Joana FF, Li, Elizabeth, Chaudhry, Daoud, Saeed, Samerah, Spurring, Eleanor Margaret, Verjee, Azmina, Assouto, Pamphile, Seto, Djifid Morel, Kpangon, Cyrile, Ahossi, Rene, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, Agyekum, Vera, Assah-Adjei, Frank, Asare, Christopher, Amoako, James, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, Acquaye, Jane, Adjei, Faisal, Ballu, Cletus, Bennin, Amos, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, Hepzibah, Alice, Bhatti, William, Paul, Priyadarshini K, Dhamija, Parth, Thomas, Josy, Jacob, Priya, Choudhrie, Ashish, Peters, Nitin, Sharma, Rajeev, Camacho, Francisco Barbosa, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, Solano, David Dominguez, Flores, Ana Cortes, Menindez, Roque Lincona, Vazquez, Diana Gonzalez, Ado, Khadija, Awonuga, David, Adeniran, Abimbola, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Ekwunife, Okechukwu, Adenikinju, Wilson, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, Edet, Ekpo, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat, Adeleke, Nurudeen, Ekenze, Sebastian, Francis, Matthew, Mukaneza, Francine, Izabiriza, Emelyne, Kabanda, Elysee, Bunogerane, Gisele Juru, Crawford, Richard, Ivy, Mathete, Jayne, David, Cousens, Simon, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Ghosh, Dhruva, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Brant, Felicity, Fiogbe, Michel, Tandje, Yannick, Akpla, Marcelin, Ngabo, Raoul Baderha, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, Agyemang, Eric, Asabre, Esther, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, Gakpetor, Delali Akosua, Appiah, Akosua Dwamena, Boakye, Percy, Adinku, Michael, Barimah, Charles Gyamfi, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, Dankwah, Fred, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, Mary, Grace, Bir, Karan, Madankumar, Latha, Gupta, Himani, Zechariah, Pradeep, Kurien, Elizabeth, Vakil, Rakesh, Hernández, Aldo Bernal, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, Avendaño, Alejandro Cuevas, Garcia, Rafael Toriz, Ojeda, Alejandro Gonzalez, Peón, Alberto Navarrete, Lara, Maria Martínez, Aliyu, Mohammed, Fasiku, Olushola, Ajai, Olalekan, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, Modekwe, Victor, Adeniyi, Olumide, Akaba, Godwin, Inyang, Akan, Adebayo, Sikiru, Adesola, Muideen, Enemuo, Vincent, Ikechukwu, Iweha, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, Ede, Chikwendu Jeffrey, Mbavhalelo, Cynthia, Laurberg, Soren, Smart, Neil, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Brocklehurst, Peter, Koco, Houenoukpo, Chobli, Hugues Herve, Bisimwa, Nathan, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, Akesseh, Rebecca Adjeibah, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, Fosu, Godfred, Gawu, Victoria Sena, Aseti, Mark, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Ametefe, Elikem, Boateng, Guy Casskey, Owusu, Junior Atta, Doe, Stanley, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, Singh, Deepak, Daniel, Swati, Mittal, Rohin, Kanna, Vinoth, Mathew, Arpit, Arellano, Ana Bogurin, Miguelena, Luis Hernández, Sansores, Luis Dominguez, Velasco, Monica Jimenez, Muñoz, Maria Paz, Perez-Maldonado, Laura Martinez, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Ogo, Chidiebere, Akande, Olukemi, Akinajo, Opeyemi, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Adepiti, Akinfolarin, Ameh, Lazarus, Isa, Mary, Ajao, Akinlabi, Afolabi, Rafiat, Eze, Matthew, Nnyonno, Okoi, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, Mukakomite, Christine, Haragirimana, Jean de Dieu, Moore, Rachel, Metchinhoungbe, Serge, Kovohouande, Blaise, Kandokponou, Covalic Melic Bokossa, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, Koomson, Barbara, Serbeh, Godwin, Obbeng, Ambe, Banka, Charles, Gyamfi, Brian, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, Amoako, Joachim Kwaku, Luri, Prosper Tonwisi, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, Osman, Imoro, Dhar, Tapasya, Nagomy, Ida, Kumar, Ashwani, Prakash, Danita, Torres, Edgar Cortes, Romero, Marco Hurtado, Mejia, Hector Ortiz, de la Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz, Magashi, Mahmoud, Atobatele, Kazeem, Akinboyewa, David, Uche, Chisom, Aderounmu, Adewale, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, Iseh, Faith, Amusat, Olanrewaju, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Ezomike, Uchechukwu, Okoro, Philemon, Ndegamiye, Gibert, Mutuyimana, Josiane, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, Hyman, Gabriella, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Sogbo, Hodonou, Dokponou, Mireille, Boakye, Benedict, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, Kusiwaa, Ataa, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, Ofosuhene, Doris, Dadzie, Samuel, Kontor, Bismark Effah, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, Attepor, Godsway Solomon, Kobby, Ephraim, Kunfah, Sheba, Dhiman, Jyoti, Selvakumar, Rajesh, Singh, Gurtaj, Susan, Anju, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, del Campo, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos De, Muhammad, Abubakar, Eke, Grace, Alasi, Iyabo, Ugwuanyi, Kenneth, Adesunkanmi, Abdulhafiz, Ogbo, Felix, Marwa, Adams, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Aremu, Isiaka, Izuka, Emmanuel, Patrick, Igwe, Tubasiime, Ronald, Mwenedata, Olivier, Ingabire, JC Allen, Khan, Zafar, Harrison, Ewen, Tabiri, Stephen, Glasbey, James, Dossou, Francis Moïse, Debrah, Samuel A, Enti, Donald, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Essien, Derick, Kyeremeh, Christian, Amoah, Michael, Brown, George Darko, Larnyor, Kennedy Kofi Korankye-Hanson, Limann, Gbana, Shankar, Bharat, Varghese, Rose, de Rojas, Erick González García, Muhammad, Saminu, Faboya, Omolara, Alakaloko, Felix, Ugwunne, Chuka, Adisa, Adewale, Olori, Samson, Ogbeche, Sunday, Egbuchulem, Kelvin, Bello, Jibril, Mbadiwe, Okezie, Raphael, John, Rwagahirima, Elisee, Mukanyange, Violette, Kwati, Morapedi, Dzemta, Corinne, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, Robertson, Zelda, Puozaa, Diana, Manu, Ruth, Amoah, George, Fenu, Benjamin, Osei, Edwin, Mohammed, Shamudeen Alhassan, Goyal, Sunita, Sivakumar, Moonish, Muideen, Bello, Imam, Zainab, Atoyebi, Oluwole, Ajekwu, Samuel, Osagie, Olabisi, Olory, Edima, Ekwuazi, Hyginus, Lawal, Saheed, Mbah, Ngozi, Vaduneme, Oriji, Uwizeyimana, Francine, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, Haque, Parvez D, Gaou, Antoine, Koggoh, Patience, Tackie, Enoch, Hussey, Romeo, Mensah, Elijah, Appiah, Juliana, Kumassah, Philemon Kwame, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, Mohammed, Sheriff, Goyal, Ankush, Sridhar, Rajeevan, Ramírez, Bertha Guzmán, Takai, Idris, Momson, Esther, Balogun, Olanrewaju, Ajenjfuja, Olusegun, Sadiq, Abu, Udie, Gabriel, Elemile, Peter, Lawal, Abdulwahab, Victor, Abhulimen, Zirikana, Job, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, Heritage, Emily, Goudou, Roland, Kpankpari, Richard, Temitope, Arkorful Ebenezer, Kwarteng, Jemima, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, Arthur, Joshua, Olayiwola, David Olatayo, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, Musah, Yakubu, Thomas, Cecil, Valadez, Michel Hernández Valadez, Ukata, Onyekachi, Nwaenyi, Francisca, Belie, Orimisan, Akindojutimi, Jerrie, Sani, Samuel, Udosen, Joseph, Lawal, Taiwo, Raji, Hadijat, Ncogoza, Isaie, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, Hedefoun, Emmanuel, Opandoh, Isabella Naa M., Sowah, Naa Anyekaa, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, Ayim, Alex, Wordui, Theodore, Zume, Marshall, Ofori, Bernard, Hans, Monika, Titus, Devabalan, Acevedo, Diego Luna, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Bode, Christopher, Akinkuolie, Akinbolaji, Tabuanu, Nancy, Usang, Usang, Lawal, Olatunji, Sayomi, Olayinka, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, Kroese, Karolin, Houtoukpe, Sunday, Manu, Meshach Agyemang, Yeboah, Grace, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, Agboadoh, Nelson, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, Haque, Parvez, Galaviz, Rubén Morán, Oludara, Mobolaji, Ekwesianya, Andrew, Alatise, Olusegun, Uanikhoba, Martins, Olagunju, Solomon, Shittu, Asimiyu, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, Pattinson, Paddy, Lillywhite, Rachel, Lapitan, Carmela, Kamga, Felix, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, Yeboah, Cynthia, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, Konda, Samuel, Flores, Oscar Olvera, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade, Elebute, Olumide, Allen, Olubukola, Osuala, Peter, Urimubabo, Christian, Sentholang, Nnosa, Kiki-Migan, Eric, Mensah, Samuel, Boateng, Edward Amoah, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, Luther, Anil, Navarro, José Pérez, Oshodi, Olabode, Ezenwankwo, Francis, Amosu, Lukmon, Suleman, Bamidele, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, Lissauer, David, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, Dally, Charles, Mahajan, Amit, Belmontes, Kevin Pintor, Oshodi, Yusuf, Fatuga, Adedeji, Archibong, Micheal, Takure, Augustine, Stassen, Maria Elizabeth, Magill, Laura, Lawani, Ismaïl, Nkrumah, John, Davor, Anthony, Yakubu, Mustapha, Makkar, Shalini, Marbello, Fernando Ramirez, Oyewole, Yemisi, Ihediwa, George, Arowolo, Olukayode, Thornley, Laura, Morton, Dion, Loko, René, Nortey, Michael, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang, Mandrelle, Kavita, Ramírez-González, Luis, Salami, Omotade, Jimoh, Adesola, Ayantona, Deborah, Wondoh, Paul, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Mistry, Punam, Moutaïrou, Afissatou, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, Michael, Vishal, Aguirre, Laura Reyes, Williams, Omolara, Kuku, Jubril, Ayinde, Ademola, Monahan, Mark, Ogouyemi, Pencome, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, Haruna, Iddrisu, Mukherjee, Partho, García, Ramona Rojas, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Badejoko, Olusegun, Soumanou, Fouad, Kwarley, Naa, Rajappa, Reuben, Robles, Eduardo Valtierra, Makanjuola, Ayomide, Badmus, Tajudeen, Smith, Donna, Tamadaho, Pia, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, Singh, Prashant, Mokwenyei, Olayanju, Etonyeaku, Amarachukwu, Zounon, Mack-Arthur, Nimako, Boateng, Suroy, Atul, Nwokocha, Samuel, Igbodike, Emeka, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, Thind, Ravinder, Ogein, Olubunmi, Ijarotimi, Omotade, Opoku, Dominic, Thomas, Alen, Ojewola, Rufus, Lawal, Adedayo, Pinkney, Thomas, Osabutey, Anita, Tuli, Arti, Oladimeji, Abraham, Nana, Fayowole, Roberts, Tracy, Sagoe, Robert, Veetil, Sreejith, Olajide, Thomas, Oduanafolabi, Tunde, Tuffour, Samuel, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, Olasehinde, Olalekan, Tufour, Yaa, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, Olayemi, Olaniyi, Winkles, Neil, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, Omitinde, Stephen, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, Ugwu, Aloy, Oni, Owolabi, Yorke, Joseph, Williams, Emmanuel, Onyeze, Chigozie, Orji, Ernest, Rotimi, Adewale, Salako, Abdulkadir, Solaja, Olufemi, Sowemimo, Oluwaseun, Talabi, Ademola, Tajudeen, Mohammed, and Wuraola, Funmilola

Published
2024
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49. Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort study

Author

Pérez Rivera, Carlos J., Lozano-Suárez, Nicolás, Agudelo-Mendoza, Silvia Valentina, Bohórquez-Tarazona, Maria Paz, García-Zambrano, Laura, Lara-Espinosa, Daniela, Polania-Sandoval, Camilo Andres, Rojas-Serrano, Luisa Fernanda, Vargas-Cuéllar, María Paula, Velandia-Sánchez, Alejandro, Cabrera-Rivera, Paulo Andrés, Briceno-Ayala, Leonardo, Cruz-Reyes, Danna, Barrera Carvajal, Juan Guillermo, Cabrera-Vargas, Luis Felipe, Guevara, Oscar, Arce Polania, Laura Cristina, Buendía Barrios, Laura Natalia, Cristina Camargo Areyanes, María Isabel, Casas, Felipe, Alfaro, Valeria Cormane, García-Méndez, Juan P., Guerra, Bayron, Idarraga-Ayala, Sharon V., Abiyomaa, Akram Kadamani, Montoya, Christopher, Mosquera Paz, Manuel Santiago, Pineda, María Alejandra, Pinzón-Luna, Juliana, Bastidas, Isabella Roa, Roman Ortega, Carlos Fernando, Saavedra Henao, Juan D., SanJuan-Arias, Laura Carolina, Barreto, Vanessa, Corso, Julian, Maksoud-Garcia, Mariana, Mateus, Eliana Pineda, Zabaraín, Alejandra Vega, Mantilla-Sylvain, Fabien, Perez, Nicolas, Alzate-Ricaurte, Sergio, Bejarano, Monica, Caicedo Holguin, Isabella, García, Alberto Federico, Sanchez, Stefania Rodriguez, Santos, Felipe Bernal, Jaspe, Carlos Luna, Maria Camila Luna-Jaspe Roa, OLIVERA Bolívar, Maria Paula, Diaz, MariaFernanda Valdivieso, Agudelo, Yuli, Castillo-Aristizábal, Maria Paula, Hoyos Burgos, Juan Pablo, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Gabriel Arroyave, Preciado, Felipe Buitrago, Cardona González, Lina María, Correa-Cote, Juan Camilo, Franco Arias, Karen Lorena, Llano Sierra, Juan Felipe, López, Gustavo, Mancero, Cesar, Parra, Sebastian, Gonzalez, Beatriz Ramirez, Daniela Sierra, Amaya Muñoz, Maria Camila, Blanco-Ramírez, Ashley, Camacho, Paul Anthony, Campillo, Jorge, Carvajal Mejia, Andrea Ximena, María Alejandra González Yamil, Osorno Villegas, Juan Carlos, Eduardo Rubio, Herrera, Santiago Sánchez, Herrera, Sebastian Sanchez, Agudelo, Tatiana, Andrade, Valentina, Pérez, Laura Arango, Ariza-Gutiérrez, Anibal, Jacobo Berrio, Torres, Natalia Cantillo, Chamorro-Rodríguez, Maria Valeria, Conde, Lucia, Feo Lee, Oscar Hernando, González Nieto, María Camila, Ibañez-Pintor, Laura Cecilia, Ochoa, Catalina, Ospina, Juan, Pérez-Ocampo, Juan José, Rojas, Esteban Portilla, Rey, Daniela Saaibi, Serrano, Eduardo, Solorza Velásquez, Sharon Michelle, Toro Cubides, Angélica María, Aguiar, Raúl, Beltrán Rincón, Diego Armando, Figueroa, Juan Sebastian, Figueroa-Casanova, Rafael, Gonzalez Mosos, Maria Fernanda, Marcia Gabriela Gómez, Osorno, Susana, Laura Palacio, Laura, Venegas, Jose, Caicedo Ramírez, Liliana Marcela, Cardona Gomez, Diana Catalina, Alejandro Fernandez Bolaños, Daniel, Fernández-Diago, Adriana, Olave Montaño, Victor David, Pastás, César, Amorocho, Silvia Marcela, Barbosa-Santibañez, Jorge, Baron, Vladimir, Cartagena-Alvarado, Alejandra, Castillo, Maria, Castillo-Florez, Maria Carolina, Dimian Mayorga, Omar David, Delgado-Nieto, Elena Leonor, Fajardo, Ernesto, Gomez Polania, Omar Leonardo, Gonzalez, Tania, Guzman Mesa, Daniel Felipe, Isaza-Restrepo, Andres, Leal, Jaime A., Medina, Camilo, Navarro-Alean, Jorge, Ocampo, Maria Antonia, Oliveros, Guillermo, Ortiz, Maria, Ortiz-Mahecha, Jorge I., Abaunza, Katherine Parra, Pulido Reyes, Felipe Antonio, Rivera-Rincón, Natalia, Carlos Alfonso Rodriguez Pinedo, Sanchez, Lizeth Rodriguez, Romero, Juan Javier, Sabogal Olarte, Juan Carlos, Salgado Tovar, Javier Mauricio, Torres, Guillermo Andrés, Vallejo, Linda, Vargas-Barato, Felipe, Vargas Patiño, Ana María, Villate León, Juan Pablo, Montañez Aldana, Miguel Angel, Norato, Chiara, Borda, Hugo Rojas, Núñez, Miguel Á Romero, Sánchez, Alejandro, López, Jose Támara, Támara P, Jose, Wilmer Fernando Botache Capera, Rojas, Rolando Medina, Juan Torres, Trujillo, Gina Catalina, Cubillos Saavedra, Gabriela Estefanía, Francisco García-Laverde, Naffah Enciso, Jussef Camilo, Betancur, Julian Arango, Cortés-Coronado, Adriana, Susana Sepúlveda Tamayo, Cardenas, Valentina Arboleda, García-Barrero, Luis Guillermo, Jhonatan Enrique Garzón-Galindo, Torres Parada, Lina Fernanda, Quintero, Alejandro Arias, Cano, David, Montoya Quintero, Kevin Fernando, Santiago Nieto Muñoz, Mejía, Paula Saza, Gomez Barrios, Jesus David, Jimeno, María Angélica, Restrepo Hernandez, Ghandi Ignacio, Rodríguez-Sequea, Adrian, Varón Cotes, Juan Carlos, Hanner Enrique Acevedo Reyes, Barandica Bolaño, Claudia Marcela, Sierra-Cote, Maria Camila, Angarita Vargas, Laura Daniela, Báez Ramírez, Alix Yurany, Rodriguez Suarez, Jose Armando, Sánchez, David Leonardo, Sandoval Rangel, Silvia Natalia, Hurtado, Edwin Ulloa, Hernández Almanza, Olga Esther, Martínez Zubiria, Rosalba Inmaculada, Muegues Salas, Angel Alexis, Becerra Cardona, Diego Alexander, Cárdenas Santamaría, Fabio Hernán, Echeverri Castaño, Juan Daniel, Echeverri Uribe, Juan Sebastián, Gaitán Buitrago, María Helena, Galvis Valencia, Luis Felipe, Sabogal, Andrea Henao, López Atehortúa, David Felipe, Molina Uribe, Juan Manuel, Peñate Suárez, Edwin Enrique, Valencia, Heiller Torres, Salazar, Marcela Velásquez, Correa, Catalina, García, Hans, Leal, Juan Hernández, Muñoz Vargas, Paula Tatiana, Bolívar Sáenz, Dínimo José, Caicedo Medina, Camilo Andrés, Garcia Riaño, Camilo Andres, Gonzalez, Stephanye Carrillo, Gómez, Jaime Lorduy, Madrid, Carlos Torres, Villa, Walter Torres, Luengas Orozco, Juan Sebastian, Capriles, Camilo Avendaño, Blanco, Carolina Diaz, Brieva Hoyos, Maria Lucía, Cantillo Moreno, Paola Andrea, Granados Mendoza, Sofía Carolina, Vizcaino Lara, José Dario, Babativa Peñuela, Karla Lizeth, Jiménez Bahamón, Paula Andrea, Maldonado Rico, Jhonier Estiven, Martínez Cortes, Duvan Ernesto, Orjuela Aragón, José Alfredo, Castro Roa, Lizeth Daniela, Gallego, Julieth Sarmiento, Herazo Meza, Marta Maria, Hernández Castillo, Anlly Caterin, Rojas Moncada, Rosa Gabriela, Casanova Bermeo, Lucia Fernanda, Cortés Otero, Oscar Fernando, Pinilla, Nicolás Diaz, Herrera Delgado, Harrison Rene, Macías Segura, Simon Alberto, Muñoz Castrillón, David Ramiro, Nuñez Romero, Luis Ramiro, Polania Andrade, Cesar Andrés, Valdez Toro, Hector Alejandro, Cardozo Parrado, Ana María, Moros, Jose Gonzalo, Nieto, Paula Andrea, Patarroyo, Jorge Mario, Perilla Martínez, Jose Luis, Gutierrez, María del Pilar Torres, Benito Flórez, Erika Johana, Gómez, Mariana Vergel, Robayo Rodriguez, Diana Ximena, Salcedo Miranda, Diego Fernando, Triviño Cortés, Maria Alejandra, Sastre, William Baquero, Bonett, Juan Sebastian, Cortes, Eliana, Duque, Pedro Fernando, Gutierrez, Carlos Enrique, Echeverry, Piedad, Motta Amar, Andrés Felipe, Torres, Lorena, Bautista, Jeremias Carvajal, Figueroa Bohórquez, David Mauricio, Quintana, Manuel Latorre, Olivera Briñez, Diego Fernando, Quintero Contreras, Marcel Leonardo, Gamboa, Raúl Vera, Zapata, Mariana Arias, Benavides Caipe, Cristhian Daniel, Betancur Acevedo, Luisa Fernanda, Zuluaga, Valentina Botero, Figueroa-Espinoza, Vanessa, Londoño-Patiño, Arbey Leandro, Moncayo-Gonzalez, Santiago, Puerta Suárez, Laura Sofia, Vargas-Arboleda, Paula Camila, Gonzalez Cera, Lisbet Sofia, Toro, Katerine Henao, de Jesus Ortiz Pino, Leobardo, Vasquez Vargas, Sergio Andrés, Zuluaga, Lency Naranjo, Garzón, Jaime Chamorro, Franco Rodriguez, Adriana Paola, Acosta Alape, Nataly Johana, Arbelaez Mariño, Andrés Felipe, Mora Herrera, Juan José, Ayala Muñoz, Javier Felipe, Camacho Pinzon, Yeiny Carina, Cárdenas Chacón, José Francisco, Peña Arenas, Liliana Andrea, Rodriguez Camargo, Gustavo Adolfo, Sánchez Arango, Carlos Alberto, Bolaños Ñañez, Daniel Mauricio, Garcés-Palacios, Diana Sofía, Ñañez Pantoja, María Alejandra, Ortega-Valencia, Omar Alejandro, Gamboa Bernal, María Paula, Lotero Gómez, Juan David, Martínez-Gutiérrez, Juan Sebastián, Morales-Gómez, Daniel, Pardo-Jiménez, Lina, Fonseca Galindo, Leon Miguel, Garcia Ramirez, Angélica Maria, Saurith Ramirez, Juan David, Barrero Montoya, Ivan Ricardo, Espitia, Santiago Cadena, Rojas, Salomé Pallares, Zapata Berrio, Laura Camila, Benavides Rodríguez, Diana Andrea, Gonzalez, Juan Carlos, Idarraga, Sharon Valentina, Márquez Rodríguez, Óscar Eduardo, Marrugo Prieto, Ivi Yohana, Soledad Machado, Laura Vanessa, Luna, Rubén, Pulido, Nicolás Navarro, Nuñez Ricardo, Federico Javier, García López, Andrea Elena, Luque, Fernando Girón, Jaramillo, Nasly Patiño, Pedraza Alonso, Néstor Fabian, Acuña Acuña Rivera JY, Javier Yecid, Guevara Cruz, Oscar Alexander, Martínez Buitrago, Juan Sebastián, Oviedo, Nathalia Montoya, Santafe Guerrero, Marcia Roxana, Chaves Cortés, Juanita Carolina, Rincón Tello, Francisco Mauricio, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Cortes Mejia, Nicolas Andres, Garzon Mesa, Camilo Ernesto, Pabon, Alejandra Moncada, Triviño Alvarez, Diego Rymel, Torres, Alonso Vera, Cote Martinez, Maria Alejandra, Machado Rodriguez, Juan Manuel, Martinez, Gonzalo Nuñez, Osuna, Laura Naranjo, Roldan Garay, Andres Felipe, Amado, Daniel, Camacho-Mackenzie, Jaime, Maria Ceballos Mora, Cifuentes-Navarrete, Sara, Donoso-Samper, Andrea, Ferro, Manuel A., Gómez-Cáceres, Juan C., Gómez-Galán, Sebastián, Leiva, Ana G., Lisarazo, Juan, López-Castaño, Maria G., Martínez-Gil, Sofía, Montoya, M.J., Niño-Basto, Santiago, Ortigoza-Espitia, Sergio Andrés, Páez, Gustavo, Ramos-Anaya, Jesús William, Rozo, María J., Umana, Juan P., Amar, Andres Motta, Barrera Vargas, Andrés Felipe, Maldonado Escalante, Javier Dario, Molina Marroquin, German Ricardo, Prada Lievano, Silvia Alejandra, Vargas-Cuellar, Maria Paula, Polanía-Sandoval, Camilo A., and Cabrera-Rivera, Paulo A.

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2024
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