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After the beginning of the Arab Spring and the conflict in Syria, researchers from all over the world are trying to understand the reasons that led to the civil war in that country. Many hypotheses are raised, from the deterioration of socioeconomic conditions, the increasingly harsh political and police repression against the regime's opponents, to the interest of regional powers in changing the Syrian regime. In this article, we decided to explore another dimension of conflict. After applying a questionnaire to a group of Syrian refugees in Brazil, we sought to understand the perception of respondents about the existence or not of horizontal inequality between the Syrian confessional groups, in the economic, social, religious, political and cultural spheres. The result found sheds light on the important role of the perception of horizontal inequality between groups as an important source of discontent and frustration, which may have contributed to the breaking of the Syrian State's social political pact., Tras el inicio de la Primavera Árabe y el conflicto en Siria, investigadores de todo el mundo buscan comprender las razones que llevaron a la guerra civil en ese país. Se plantean muchas hipótesis, desde el deterioro de las condiciones socioeconómicas, la represión política y policial cada vez más dura contra los opositores al régimen, hasta el interés de las potencias regionales por cambiar el régimen sirio. En este artículo decidimos explorar otra dimensión del conflicto. Después de aplicar un cuestionario a un grupo de refugiados sirios en Brasil, buscamos comprender la percepción de los entrevistados sobre la existencia o no de una desigualdad horizontal entre los grupos religiosos sirios, en las esferas económica, social, religiosa, política y cultural. El resultado encontrado arroja luz sobre el importante papel de la percepción de la desigualdad horizontal entre grupos como fuente importante de descontento y frustración, lo que puede haber contribuido a la ruptura del pacto político social del Estado sirio., After the beginning of the Arab Spring and the conflict in Syria, researchers worldwide are trying to understand the reasons that led to the civil war in that country. Many hypotheses are raised, from the deterioration of socioeconomic conditions, the increasingly harsh political and police repression against the regime's opponents, to the interest of regional powers in changing the Syrian regime. In this article, we decided to explore another dimension of conflict. After applying a questionnaire to a group of Syrian refugees in Brazil, we sought to understand the perception of respondents about the existence or not of horizontal inequality between the Syrian religious groups, in the economic, social, religious, political and cultural spheres. The result sheds light on the important role of the perception of horizontal inequality between groups as an essential source of discontent and frustration, which may have contributed to the breaking of the Syrian state's social-political pact.

UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020 SFRH/BD/131336/2017 publishersversion published

UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020 No decurso do seu estabelecimento e consolidação, a Egiptologia (ocidental) alimentou a e foi alimentada pela popularidade do Egipto enquanto destino turístico. Num contexto colonial, várias publicações vieram à estampa com vista a dotar as classes mais abastadas de informações práticas relevantes para as suas viagens naquele território. Impressos no Egipto e circulando no Ocidente, tais periódicos concorreram para a veiculação de determinadas percepções do país no estrangeiro, expressando atitudes ambivalentes e diacronicamente mutáveis face ao passado antigo e ao patri- mónio arqueológico, numa permanente dialéctica e negociação entre passado e presente. A Egypt Exploration Society (EES) alberga um conjunto significativo de revistas de viagem egíp- cias, composto por mais de 70 itens, datadas das décadas de 1920 a 1970. Este intervalo temporal reveste-se de uma particular importância na história contemporânea egípcia, compreendendo acon- tecimentos fundamentais como a independência formal do país em 1922 ou a revolução de 1952 que conduziu à implementação do regime republicano. A sucessão de regimes e lideranças políticas afectou a(s) imagem(ns) do Egipto no estrangeiro, influenciando consequentemente as linhas edito- riais adoptadas pelas várias revistas destinadas a promover o turismo do/no país. A presente comunicação visa apresentar os resultados de um projecto promovido pela EES, no quadro do qual procedi à digitalização das capas das supra-mencionadas revistas e à investigação dos seus conteúdos e intervenientes. Desta forma, ter-se-ão em linha de conta não só as principais tendências iconográficas patentes nos frontispícios destas publicações, como também os temas mais frequentemente abordados e respectiva evolução, a par dos diversos agentes que para elas produziram. Considerando as mutações verificadas ao longo do tempo, tentar-se-á compreender em que medida é que o passado antigo foi (ou não) mobilizado nestas publicações em dinâmicas de (re)imaginação de determinadas ideias de “Egipto” junto das elites ocidentais entre o segundo e quarto quartéis do século XX. publishersversion published

UID/HIS/04666/2019 The main goal of my PhD is to consider the phraseology present in the New Kingdom religious hymns which explicitly mentions the cosmogonical process, that is, that sheds some light on the way the world came into existence. My research is structured around three core questions: Who creates? (The identity of the Creator); What is created? (The outcomes of the Creation); How is it created? (The processes, mechanisms, and devices used by the Creator to set the World into existence). Nevertheless, there is one particular feature in this corpus that somehow blurs the individuation of these analytical axes: the fact that one of the most mentioned outcomes of the creation in these texts is the Creator himself. The Egyptian term xpr is quintessential in this context since it conveys the idea of “coming to existence” or “assuming/taking a shape” (e.g. BM EA826). Nevertheless, there are other ways of expressing this notion, namely the ones linked to an idea of construction and formation through manual/craft work, employing verbs such as od or nbj (e.g. pLeiden I 344 verso). The deity’s self-creation might as well be rendered by na allusion to a biological process, where the Creator would have engendered (wtT) and given birth (msj) to himself (e.g. BM EA551). In this paper I intend to focus on the different ways through which the Demiurge’s selfgenesis is conveyed in this corpus. On the one hand, I will consider the possible religious meanings and implications of this existential continuity between producer and product. On the other hand, I will link this phenomenon with other cosmogonical aspects attested in these texts, such as the creation of gods (theogony) and human beings (anthropogeny). publishersversion published