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The development of a dynamic calibration standard for high-amplitude pressure piezoelectric transducers implies the implementation of a system which can provide reference pressure values with known characteristics and uncertainty. The reference pressure must be issued by a sensor, as a part of a measuring chain, with a guaranteed traceability to an international standard. However, this operation has not been completely addressed yet until today and is still calling further investigations. In this paper, we introduce an experimental study carried out in order to contribute to current efforts for the establishment of a reference dynamic calibration method. A suitable practical calibration method based on the calculation of the reference pressure by measurement of the displacement of the piston in contact with an oil-filled cylindrical chamber is presented. This measurement was achieved thanks to a high speed camera and an accelerometer. Both measurements are then compared. In the first way, pressure was generated by impacting the piston with a free falling weight and, in the second way, with strikers of known weights and accelerated to the impact velocities with an air gun. The aim of the experimental setup is to work out a system which may generate known hydraulic pressure pulses with high-accuracy and known uncertainty. Moreover, physical models were also introduced to consolidate the experimental study. The change of striker’s velocities and masses allows tuning the reference pressure pulses with different shapes and, therefore, permits to sweep a wide range of magnitudes and frequencies.

Background: Two-Spirit Peoples face unique challenges in accessing and receiving health care in Canada due to health services, including community pharmacy services, being built on hetero- and cis-normative models that impede appropriate care for this group. Currently, there is limited published information on Two-Spirit Peoples' experiences accessing and receiving care in community pharmacy settings., Methods: To address the lack of published information, 21 Two-Spirit individuals shared their experiences in a focus group setting. Four different focus groups were held across Canada, including 1 in Saskatoon, Vancouver, Edmonton, and Toronto. Informed by Indigenous methodologies, data were recorded via audio recording and notetaking, and the audio was transcribed and then analyzed for themes using the Voice-Centred Relational Method., Results: Three major structural systems that affect the experiences of Two-Spirit Peoples in community pharmacies were identified: 1) white supremacy, 2) capitalism, and 3) heteronormativity. These 3 systemic issues presented themselves via racism, homophobia, transphobia, pharmacists' lack of knowledge about Two-Spirit individuals and their health and lack of time spent educating or building relationships with Two-Spirit Peoples. Participants provided suggestions for how community pharmacists can better serve the Two-Spirit community, such as using inclusive language, adding pronouns and preferred names to patient files, increasing knowledge about Two-Spirit health and advocating for Two-Spirit Peoples., Discussion: The results suggest that dismantling current structures and ideologies in community pharmacy and society are required to overcome the identified issues., Conclusion: Two-Spirit Peoples face barriers when it comes to accessing and receiving care in community pharmacies, resulting in many Two-Spirit individuals avoiding health care to save themselves from unsafe and uncomfortable interactions. Pre- and postlicensure pharmacy education about Two-Spirit Peoples is required to improve Two-Spirit Peoples' experiences accessing and receiving care in community pharmacies., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to disclose., (© The Author(s) 2024.)