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B5, diesel mixed with 5% biodiesel, is currently being developed to replace diesel, but there was lower engine performance. To improve the B5 properties, the addition of oxygenated additive is a better method. This research aims to study the performance of a high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel-engine generator at speed 3,000 rpm and different loads by using B5 blended to n-butanol and ethanol as increased to 20%. Results show that the use of B5-butanol-ethanol blends decreased engine performance as increasing ethanol; however, the release of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and black smoke was remarkably reduced as compared with B5. However, the use of B5 blended to 5% n-butanol, and 5% ethanol increased the electrical power to 0.33%, while electrical efficiency was added to 1.13%, and SFC was similar to B5. Therefore, this ratio can be applied with the diesel engines in the future.

A novel method, called the 'fully wet and fully dry tiny circular fin method' to evaluate the performances of plain fin-and-tube heat exchangers is described. It is noticed that correlations are proposed for the fin-and-tube heat exchanger having plain fin configurations.

This research highlights the impact of compressed producer gas combined with diesel fuel in a dual fuel mode on performance and emission characteristics of a three-cylinder diesel engine connected to an AC generator. Producer gas was generated from a small downdraft gasifier using charcoal, and sent into the engine using a supercharger to increase the gas flow rate from 76 to 125 lpm. The engine speed was adjusted from 1,000 to 1,600 rpm, while operating at full load. All results of this investigation indicate that supercharging producer gas improved the diesel economy and engine performance characteristics, but it increased the amount of various pollutants. Engine performance testing results from compressing producer gas showed that the use of gas flow rates of 116 to 125 lpm increased the maximum diesel saving by 41%, electrical power by 1.88%, and thermal efficiency by 35.76% as compared to a diesel fuel only mode. Additionally, specific energy consumption decreased with increasing producer gas flow rate and engine speed. For measuring the emissions of the engine, exhaust gas temperature increased from 223 to 276 °C, CO2 emissions increased from 21.59 to 33.90%, CO emissions increased from 0.36 to 0.59%, HC emissions increased from 23 to 58 ppm, and smoke opacity increased from 4.00 to 6.07 K.m-1 compared with the diesel fuel only mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the drying kinetics of anchovy experimentally using centrifugal fluidized bed technique. The main purpose was to experimentally investigate the effect of the inlet air temperature on the drying kinetics of anchovy in a centrifugal fluidized bed dryer, to fit the experimental data to the widely used mathematical models of drying. Further, the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy in anchovy drying were investigated in the current work. The drying experiment was conducted at drying air temperatures ranging over 70-120°C. The air velocity and rotating speed of the air-distributor were fixed at 1.5 m/s and 150 r/min, respectively. Pressure drop across bed was approximately 390 Pa, while the layer height was fixed at approximately 2 cm. The anchovies were dried starting from 412% db down to 16% db; drying time ranged from 64 min to 172 min. It was found that the drying temperature was a significant factor in decreasing the moisture content, moisture diffusivity and drying time. The moisture diffusivity and activation energy were investigated at 0.11×10-9-0.25 ×10-9 m²/s and 20.32 kJ/mol, respectively. When compared to existing models, the Midilli model proved to be in good agreement with change in moisture ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]