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Malnutrition and weight loss are commonly observed in patient with esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancers. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a mainstay of treatment for locally advanced esophageal and EGJ cancers. Impact of weight loss on patients with treated with CRT was not well studied.Patients with locally advanced esophageal and EGJ cancer who received CRT were identified in our institutional database and allocated into low (LWL) and high (HWL) weight loss groups. HWL was defined as weight loss5% of baseline during CRT.A total of 167 patients were underwent definitive (n=89) or preoperative (n=78) CRT, respectively. HWL was observed in 46% and 55% of patients treated with definitive and preoperative CRT, respectively. Cisplatin/5FU regimen used during CRT was a significant predictive factor for weight loss in multivariate analysis (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.09-3.94; p=0.026). In the definitive CRT group, patients in the HWL group experienced significantly worse overall survival than those in the LWL group (1.2 years vs 1.95 years; p=0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline albumin (3.0 g/dL) was significantly associated with longer OS of definitive CRT patients (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.1-4.19; p=0.024). Tolerability and toxicities during CRT were not statistically different between groups.Significant weight loss during CRT was frequently observed in patients with locally advanced esophageal and EGJ cancers. Baseline hypoalbuminemia was an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients treated with definitive CRT. Nutritional support before and during treatment should be considered to potentially improve patients' outcomes.br /.

Objective: Minimally invasive surgery has become common in surgical resections of gastric subepithelial tumors. An endostapler technique is simple and easy to perform when cutting the stomach. Gastrotomy using a hand-sewn repair is a new approach for identifying and removing gastric subepithelial tumors, but few studies have evaluated its efficacy. In this study, we demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of this novel technique using a robot-assisted approach. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohorts of all patients who presented with gastric subepithelial tumors and underwent robotic or laparoscopic resection at Ramathibodi Hospital from 2012 to 2018 was reviewed. Surgical outcomes and complications of the robot-assisted approach with a hand-sewn repair were analyzed and compared to those of the laparoscopic linear stapler technique. Results: In total, 25 patients were included in this study. Most of the subepithelial tumors were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (17 patients, 68%). Ten patients (40%) underwent a robot-assisted procedure with a hand-sewing technique, and 15 patients underwent a laparoscopic linear stapler procedure. Mean tumor size was 3.79 ± 1.35 cm in the robot-assisted procedure with a hand-sewing technique group and 3.52 ± 1.88 cm in the laparoscopic linear stapler procedure group. The former experienced a longer operative time (261 ± 54 vs 144 ± 64 minutes, p

Highlights • Z-POEM is a minimal invasive surgery result in good outcomes. • Z-POEM provide a precision of treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum which reduce recurrence rate. • Z-POEM can reduce perforation due to complete view of septal muscle while perform myotomy., Introduction Zenker’s diverticulum is a rare condition caused by herniation of the mucosa at the pharyngoesophageal junction, resulting in dysphagia. Third-space endoscopic surgery now plays an important role in its management, facilitating precise surgery with good outcomes. The aim of report is to demonstrate technical steps and outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM). Presentation of case We report two male patients presented with dysphagia. Esophagograms revealed Zenker’s diverticula of 2.1 and 2.0 cm, respectively, and diagnostic gastroscopy showed the diverticula to be 17 cm from the incisors, with tight, thick septal muscle. A 2-cm mucosal incision was made with a triangle-tipped knife, and submucosal tunneling was created by spray coagulation. The gastroscope was advanced into the submucosal space of the esophageal lumen and the diverticulum site until the bottom of the diverticulum could be clearly identified. The septal muscle was completely divided, immediately allowing the gastroscope to pass through easily, and the mucosal defect was reapproximated with hemoclips. Discussion As compared Z-POEM to previous technique; endoscopic septotomy, staple-assisted diverticulotomy, or open neck surgery, Z-POEM is less recurrent of symptoms and complications. Different types of endoscopic knife and lifting materials were used, but all provided the same outcomes. Most of the cases use though-the-scope clips to close the mucosal defect. Conclusion Z-POEM provided precise treatment and complete view of the entire septal muscle can helps to avoid inadequate myotomy.

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. The major risk factors of recurrence and metastasis are mitotic index and tumor size. This study investigates the risk of recurrence and metastasis in solely gastric GIST. The primary outcome is to evaluate risk of recurrence and metastasis. The secondary outcome is to analyse survival rates of patients who have recurrence and metastasis after curative resection. Method A cohort of patients who underwent curative resection of gastric GIST between January 2006 to December 2016 was reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed with positive CD34, DOG1 or KIT (CD117) immunohistochemistry. Risk factors of recurrence and metastasis were analyzed. Results Sixty-eight patients who received curative resection and diagnosed as gastric GIST were included in this study. Twenty (29.41%) had recurrence or metastasis. The median follow up time was 31.95 months. The mostcommon type of surgery was partial gastric resection. There were statistically-significant differences between mitotic index 6 HPF or 6 HPF in tumor size 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10 cm and the risk of recurrence or metastasis (p-value 0.036). In tumors sized 6-10 cm, patients with mitotic index 6 HPF had longer survival than patients with mitotic index 6 HPF (p-value 0.0147). Conclusion The factor that determines the outcome of recurrence or metastasis in solely gastric GIST is high mitotic index count. Patients who have abdominal pain may be suspected as advanced disease. The type of operation and tumor size are not associated with recurrence or metastasis.

Platinum/5-fluorouracil (PF) is commonly used for chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancers. Weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel (CP) regimen for preoperative CRT has increased in popularity due to its potentially less toxicity. We retrospectively compared the tolerability and efficacy of these regimens. Patients with esophageal and EGJ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or adenocarcinoma who received CRT with curative intent were included. Safety and tolerability during CRT were evaluated using the CTCAE version 4.0. Efficacy was analyzed using pathologic complete response, disease-free survival, and overall survival. One hundred and twenty-four patients were eligible for analysis (CP = 64, PF = 60). Most patients had esophageal cancer (97%) with SCC histology (91%). Preoperative CRT was planned for 43% of patients in the CP group and 34% in the PF group (p = 0.306). The relative dose intensities of cisplatin (67.0%) and 5-fluorouracil (81.4%) were lower than those of carboplatin (86.6%) and paclitaxel (86.2%). No difference in the radiotherapy dose, hospitalization, interruption, or termination was observed between the groups. Dose reduction of chemotherapy was more frequent in the CP group (38 vs. 19%; p = 0.015). Febrile neutropenia was more frequent in the PF group (8 vs. 0%; p = 0.058). All-grade nausea/vomiting was lower in the CP group (20 vs. 38%; p = 0.032). Efficacy was comparable between both regimens. In the multivariate analysis, the CRT regimen was not a significant predictor of survival. The CP regimen had less toxicity than the PF regimen, while efficacy was comparable. A large prospective randomized study is warranted to confirm these results.

Although cut-off values used in high-resolution manometry (HRM) to diagnose esophageal motility disorders are based on representative samples of the US population and assume a supine position, differences in population and body positioning can reportedly affect results. To establish normal HRM values for Thai people in both supine and upright positions. Forty-one healthy subjects were recruited, each of whom underwent solid-state HRM with ten 5-mL swallows of water in both the supine and upright positions. Measuring parameters according to the Chicago classification criteria (CC v3.0) were included, for which the mean, median and 5th and 95th percentiles (PCTLs) were calculated. The results corresponded with the CC v3.0 criteria, except for the mean, and 5th PCTL of the distal contractile integral (DCI), which were lower for this population. In the upright position, the mean and median values for DCI, intrabolus pressure and integrated relaxation pressure were significantly decreased, whereas the length of the transitional zone was significantly increased. The limitations of this study include: (1) the relatively low number of participants, (2) the limited recruitment of participants only at Ramathibodi Hospital and (3) the limited recruitment of only young and middle-aged participants. We established normal values for the HRM parameters in a representative sample of the Thai population. Our supine results still prove that the use of the CC v3.0 is preferable. HRM testing in patients measured in the upright position should be analyzed based on the normative values obtained from upright swallow studies.

Massive lower gastrointestinal from primary isolated ilio-rectal fistula is a rare condition and difficult to diagnosis and emergency surgery for this situation has a high mortality rate. This report describes a successful operation in an 88-year-old man at present with massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage from ilio-rectal fistula and hypovolemic shock. Underlying diseases are prostate cancer, hypertension, dyslipidemia, aortic stenosis, mitral valve stenosis and chronic renal disease. Operative treatment is to explore laparotomy with internal iliac artery ligation and rectal resection. During postoperative period patient developed acute cholecystitis and treated by cholecystectomy 1 month after operation the patient went home without morbidity and 1-year follow-up he had not any complications.

Benign esophageal tumors are rare entities that constitute less than 0.5 % of the population on autopsy (Plachta A, Am J Gastroenterol 38:639–652, 1962; Attah EB, Hajdu SI, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 55(3):396–404, 1968) and only 1–2 % of resected esophageal neoplasms (Nguyen NT, Reavis KM, El-Badawi K, Hinojosa MW, Smith BR, Surg Innov 15(2):120–125, 2008). Most of them are clinically unremarkable. Thus, expectant management of a small, benign-appearing solid or cystic lesion may be acceptable. Traditionally, the management of larger or symptomatic lesions is surgical resection. With advances in minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic techniques in last decades, tumor removal can be achieved by a variety of methods. Generally, small intraluminal lesions can be managed with simple endoscopic ablation or resection. Endoscopic mucosal resection may be used for the removal of submucosal lesions, but only by an experienced endoscopist. For large intramural or extramural lesions, enucleation or even resection by using thoracoscopic or laparoscopic techniques has demonstrated feasibility and efficacy as a treatment of choice alongside standard thoracotomy or laparotomy.

The goal of this chapter is to illustrate our approach to patients with epiphrenic diverticula in terms of preoperative evaluation and surgical technique. Two techniques will be presented: a laparoscopic repair and a thoracic approach. Indications for each technique will be discussed, as well as proper patient selection and management.

Splenosis is a common condition found in a case that has a history of splenic trauma or splenectomy. It is usually a non-significant condition in clinical practice. However, splenosis can give rise to some complications including gastrointestinal hemorrhage as in the present case. The authors report here a case of gastric splenosis presenting with active upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage that was eventually managed with surgical resection, and the literature regarding splenosis was reviewed.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen (SANT) is a rare, relatively new, and benign splenic lesion, which mostly affects middle-aged females. It is characterized by multiple angiomatoid nodules in fibrosclerotic stroma comprising myofibroblasts and infiltrating chronic inflammatory cells. The etiology is unknown. The diagnosis is based on the histopathologic examination of the splenectomy specimen. We report a classic case of SANT in a 52-year-old woman with abdominal discomfort and mild splenomegaly. The immunohistochemical profile and updated clinicopathological data of the disease are discussed.