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Cashew is an important estate crop on marginal land because of their growth adaptability in dry land and the economic value of their nuts. Although its economic value is not as high as other estate crops, it benefits dryland farmers with limited income. Therefore, studies on the different potential roles of cashew were essential for future cashew development on dry land. Furthermore, cashews possessed ecological functions such as preventing soil erosion on sloping terrain and as a windbreaker for gardens and house yards. Several previous studies, both at the greenhouse and field, provided practical information that during the night period, the potential water value of the root tissue exceeded the value in the soil matrix; hence the cashew roots were able to distribute a certain amount of soil moisture from the wet layer to the dry soil layer. This mechanism was termed hydraulic redistribution (HR). This HR occurred during the drought stress period or in the dry season. The review was focused on HR orientation in cashew (vertical and horizontal direction) and the factors influencing HR effectiveness (soil type, root depth, and groundwater). Finally, the direction of future cashew HR applications can be proposed for soil moisture bio conservation in dryland agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa) is a leaf vegetable plant from the Brassicaceae family. The high calcium content in Arugula tissue made it one of the recommended sources of nutrients. However, the dynamics of tissue formation and calcium content in Arugula plants depend on the cultivation practices. To intensify Arugula cultivation, hydroponic techniques can be an option. Plant inputs according to the need is beneficial for nutritional efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CaCl2 application on the growth and yield of Arugula plants in a static hydroponic system. The research was conducted between April – July 2021 at Jakarta AIAT greenhouse. Five levels of CaCl2 application, namely:1) 0 ppm as control, 2) 350 ppm, 3) 450 ppm, 4) 550 ppm, and 5) 650 ppm, were tested in a completely randomized block design with 5 replications. AB Mix 750 ppm solution was given as the essential treatment in this study. The results showed that the CaCl2 application was not affected significantly either on plant height or wet weight. AB Mix solutions application without the addition of CaCl2 was sufficient to increase plant height, number of leaves, total weight, as well as root weight. In conclusion, the CaCl2 application did not improve the Arugula's growth and yield. However, application of 450 ppm CaCl2 gave the lowest risk of crop failure (5%) compared to other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]