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In this study, we investigate the antibacterial effect of silver atoms implanted into a thin surface layer of titanium at low energies using an alternative ion plating technology called Diversified Ion Plating. Silver atoms were incorporated into titanium samples using reactive low-voltage ion plating at 2 keV and 4 keV. Surface modifications and morphology were evaluated using wettability, profilometry measurements, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. For a precise determination of the quantity and depth of implanted silver atoms on titanium surfaces, a combination of experimental techniques such as Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry along with Monte Carlo simulations were utilized. To assess the antibacterial effects of the silver atoms incorporated into pure titanium surfaces, bacterial suspension immersion tests were performed with a standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12600). The outcomes indicate that titanium surfaces implanted with silver atoms were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus than pure titanium surfaces. Better results were found when the deposition was performed at 4 keV, indicating that a deeper implantation of silver, spanning a few nanometers, can result in a longer and more effective release of silver atoms. These findings suggest the potential for the development of new, cost-effective biomaterials, paving the way for improved implant materials in various health-related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To provide an overview of the in-vitro bond strength of universal adhesives to zirconia and analyze whether these adhesives are a reliable alternative to conventional zirconia primers. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases up to August 2021. Investigations published in English, assessing resin-mediated bond to zirconia using universal adhesives compared to phosphate/silane-based primer or phosphate-based primer were included. After study selection and data extraction, risk of bias analysis was performed. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, with a random effects model, at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In total, 23 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Universal adhesives showed higher bond strengths than did phosphate-based primers (p < 0.00001) to aged zirconia without airborne alumina-particle abrasion. Similar results were observed when the zirconia surface was airborne-particle abraded at baseline and after dynamic aging (p < 0.0001). When universal adhesives and phosphate-silane based primers were compared, similar bond strengths (p ≥ 0.001) were observed after surface abrasion, regardless of storage condition. Conclusion: The results showed that universal adhesives generate higher bond strengths when compared to conventional zirconia primers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the difference in the color stability of light‐cured and dual‐cured resin cements. Materials and Methods: Two separate reviewers used the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Scielo databases to execute the systematic review. For the analysis, studies that evaluated the color stability of dual‐cured and light‐cured resin cements over time were used. The random effects model was used in the meta‐analysis. Analyses of subgroups were carried out based on the aging technique. The methodological quality of each in vitro study was evaluated in accordance with the parameters of a prior systematic review. Results: From all databases, a total of 2223 articles were retrieved. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 44 studies were selected for full text review, and a total of 27 articles were used for the qualitative analysis. Finally, 23 articles remained for the qualitative analysis. The majority of studies were labeled as having a medium risk of bias. The global analysis showed that the dual‐cure resin cements had considerably greater differences in the color change (p = 0.006). A high heterogeneity index (86%) was found in the analysis. Conclusions: The best available in vitro evidence suggests that dual‐polymerizing cement has higher color variation than light‐polymerized materials. To reduce the likelihood of color change after the luting of thin ceramic restorations, clinicians should employ light‐polymerizable resin cements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review the literature to evaluate whether the bond strength of resin-based materials to enamel is affected by deproteinizing agents. Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus, LILACS, IBECS, and BVS databases were screened up to December 2020. Eligibility criteria included in vitro studies that reported the effect of a deproteinizing agent applied before or after acid etching on the immediate or long-term bond strength of resin-based materials to enamel. The meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager (version 5.3.5). A global comparison was performed with the standardized mean difference based on random-effect models at a significance level of a = 0.05. Results: A total of 23 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In all the studies, only the immediate bond strength was evaluated. The bond strength of the materials was improved by the application of NaOCl or papain prior to enamel etching with phosphoric acid (p = 0.006). None of the deproteinizing agents had a significant effect when applied after etching with phosphoric acid (p = 0.27). Conclusions: Based on in vitro studies, deproteinization with sodium hypochlorite or papain-based agents increases the immediate bond strength of resin-based materials to enamel only when used prior to phosphoric-acid etching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]