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Wheat is the staple food of Pakistan and country facing wheat shortage during recent years leading to food security issue. Rust diseases of wheat are significantly important causing major dent in wheat production during last season’s due to drastic climate change. Therefore, wheat germplasm was screened against wheat stripe rust during two consecutive years. Out of one hundred and five genotypes not even one showed immune response during 2018-19, 22 genotypes showed highly resistant response, 19 showed resistance response, 42 showed moderately resistance response and remaining genotypes showed susceptible response except five lines (CB-10, CB-65, CB-95, CB-84 and CB-31) that showed heterogeneous characters. Likewise, during 2019-20, 18 genotypes showed highly resistant response, 23 showed resistant response, 39 were moderately resistance and remaining genotypes showed susceptible response except four lines (CB-10, CB-65, CB-95 and CB-84) that showed heterogeneous response. For each year value of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of all genotypes was also calculated which falls between 100-850. Efficacy of four plant extracts (neem, garlic, ginger and bell pepper) using seed soaking method in controlling the stripe rust disease of wheat was investigated in pots experiment. During both years, minimum disease was observed in case of garlic bulb extract followed by neem leaves extract. Ginger bulb and Bell pepper fruit extract also had significant effect against wheat stripe rust. From the current study it could be suggested that using highly resistant germplasm advance lines may be developed that exhibit the resistant genes against stripe rust pathogen and it is observed that instead if using fungicides, use of botanicals not only reduced the human health hazard but also control the disease effectively.

Stripe disease caused by Drechslera graminea (Telomorph- Pyrenophora graminea) is one of the most important diseases of barley which causes significant grain loss. Weather factors may play an important role in its severity and crop loss which are not yet known. The field experiment was carried out during Rabi season 2016-17 and 2017-18, at the hot spot area. The pooled data of both years revealed that the per cent disease severity (DS) was higher from Dec. to Feb. but after Feb. the disease severity gradually decreased after the 4th SMW. The simple correlation analysis of pooled data revealed that the per cent disease severity showed a positive correlation with minimum temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours, maximum soil temperature (0.57, 0.06, 0.51, 0.56). Whereas, the maximum temperature and minimum soil temperature showed a significant positive correlation (0.55* and 0.75*). The coefficient of determination and adjusted (R2=0.932* and 0.884*) indicates that the fittest regression equation for prediction of disease is 52.945-18.832*max. temperature + 8.959*min. temp.+ 1.810* max. RH – 2.272* rainfall + 17.58* min. soil temp. The model of the current study is useful in developing a more effective management strategy to prevent barley stripe disease in the face of future environmental changes. Keywords: Barley, Correlation, Coefficient of determination, Pyrenophora teres, Drechslera graminea, Stripe disease.

Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], also known as mungbean, is one of the important pulse crops belongs to the family Fabaceae and it is the third important pulse crop of India globally grown in over 40 countries after chickpea and pigeon pea. Dry root rot is one of the major diseases of green gram caused by Macrophomina phaseolina which causes severe yield reduction in Rajasthan and India. A roving survey was conducted to assess the incidence of dry root rot in six major mungbean growing districts (Jaipur, Nagaur, Sri Ganganagar, Bikaner, Churu and Hanumangarh) of Rajasthan during Kharif season of 2020. Our investigations cleared that this disease is prevalent in all the surveyed 108 fields in six districts of Rajasthan with 22.67 per cent overall disease incidence. Maximum disease incidence was recorded in Bikaner (28.49 %) district while it was lowest in Jaipur district (17.12 %). During survey, it was also noted that sandy loam soil had the highest average illness incidence (27.40%) followed by clay loam soil (24.37%) while it was lowest in loamy sand soil (19.92%). Irrigations methods also played an important role in enhancing incidence and it was maximum (27.30%) under rainfed conditions in comparison to flood irrigation systems (25.61%) and sprinkler conditions (21.94%). Conclusively, in can be finalized that dry root rot disease is prevalent in almost entire mungbean growing regions where sandy loam soil and dry conditions are prevalent and these factors are the most helpful in occurrence of the disease in Rajasthan that should be avoided in severely infected areas otherwise it might be severe in future.

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the predominant fibre and cash crop and infected by various cotton diseases. Under congenial conditions two major leaf spot pathogens, Alternaria spp. and Corynespora cassiicola cause significant reduction in cotton yield. In cotton fields it is difficult to find the differences between Alternaria spp. and C. cassiicola due to its similarity in appearance of symptoms, mode of infection and nature of damage. The present investigation was carried out to understand the interaction between A. alternata and C. cassiicola through dual culture technique with different time intervals of inoculation (24, 48 and 72 hr) along with simultaneous inoculation and their controls, irrespective of inoculation order of A. alternata and C. cassiicola. Under in vitro conditions, A. alternata was inhibited by C. cassiicola in all the treatments at 7 days after inoculation (DAI), irrespective of inoculation order of the respective pathogen and time intervals except at 24 h (C. cassiicola inoculated first followed by A. alternata) and 72 h (A. alternata inoculated first followed by C. cassiicola). At 14 days after inoculation (DAI), C. cassiicola was inhibited by A. alternata in all the treatments irrespective of time intervals of the respective pathogen and inoculation orders except at 72 h (C. cassiicola inoculated first followed by A. alternata). Between A. alternata and C. cassiicola there was absence of lysis, inhibition zone and mycoparasitism; colour change in potato dextrose agar medium was observed at interaction area; conidia, conidiphores and chlamydospores were not observed in A. alternata when interacted with C. cassiicola. KEYWORDS: Alternaria alternata, Corynespora cassiicola, Cotton, Dual Culture, Interaction, in vitro. Citation

Till now, the agricultural production and management practices were questionable ones due to the severe losses incurred by pathogens and its potential of survival, colonization and disease prevalence. In these situations, a new adopted eco-based and affordable practice “using synthetic elicitors” plays a vital role in crop protection. Keeping this in mind, the work was framed out for disease management by using synthetic elicitors and its dynamic changes and quantification of defense enzymes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris [MF803741] on chickpea cv. JAKI 9218 under in vitro. Six synthetic chemical elicitors, viz., benzothiadiazole, salicylic acid, potassium silicate, potassium phosphate, humic acid and carbendazim were used through chemo-fortification by three different conc., viz. 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mM on cv. JAKI 9218 under pot conditions. The changing dynamics of enzyme activity was recorded from 0-24 days from sowing. Among these, salicylic acid at 3.0 mM conc. fortified seeds were recorded the least wilt incidence of 17.3% with 66.0% disease reduction and exploited a wide range of five defense proteins, viz., 14, 29, 53, 67 and 83.4 kDa and enzyme-isoforms four, viz., PO1 to PO4 (peroxidase); PPO1 to PPO4 (polyphenol oxidase) and three SOD1 to SOD3 (superoxide dismutase). On dynamic changes of enzymes activities, viz. peroxidase (1.50 absorbance), polyphenol oxidase (1.42 absorbance), superoxide dismutase (7.60 Unit) and phenol content (19.24) µg of catechol / min / gram of tissue increased up to 18 days. Hence, using the least quantity of elicitors enhanced and triggered the defense profiles in the forms of antioxidants, enzymes and proteins in chickpea against to wilt pathogen. KEYWORDS: Benzothiadiazole, chickpea, fortification, JAKI 9218, peroxidase, wilt.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is a most serious disease in the cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). The ten isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini were isolated from major cumin-growing districts of North Gujarat. The studies were made on cultural variability (colony growth, growth pattern, colony color, and pigmentation), morphological variability, and pathogenic variability. The results of cultural variations showed that the colony diameter ranged from 58.50 mm (I6) to 87.50 mm (I8) and the growth pattern varied from dense cottony and profuse mycelia growth to slightly fluffy with visible hairy mycelia growth and dense with irregular margins at the periphery. The mycelial pigmentation among the ten isolates varied from white to yellowish and grey white, orange to whitish orange, and pink to pinkish white, whereas substrate pigmentation varied from pale yellow, yellowish brown, pink to dark pink, and grey black. Morphological variability studies revealed that all the isolates produced abundant scanty sporulation on PDA media. The number of septa in microconidia varied from 0 to 2. The length of microconidia ranged from 7.06 µm (I9) to 12.26 µm (I4), while the breadth of microconidia ranged from 2.98 µm (I5) to 4.16 µm (I6). The number of septa in macroconidia varied from 2 to 5. The length of macroconidia ranged from 19.56 µm (I3) to 32.28 µm (I4), while the breadth of macroconidia ranged from 3.02 µm (I5) to 4.2 µm (I6). And the results of pathogenic variability studies revealed that the disease intensity on cumin was ranged from (I3) 50.52 to (I10) 28.71 per cent. Keywords:Cuminum cyminum L., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini, pigmentation, cultural variability, sporulation, disease intensity.

Rice is one of the most important food crop drastically affected by several biotic and abiotic factors. The present study aimed to examine differential response of rice cultivars treated with Trichoderma harzianum to improve seed germination and seedling vigour. To obtain higher quality seedlings T. harzianum can be employed. Trichoderma stimulates seedlings growth through accelerating nutrient absorption and inhibiting harmful root microorganisms. The seeds of rice cultivars were treated in T. harzianum suspension @107 conidia/ml and kept overnight and then next day arranged in germination paper containing 200 seeds each. Seeds were soaked in sterilised water only serve as control. The results showed that among the treated paddy cultivars the maximum per cent increase in seed vigour index was observed in PB-1886 followed by PB-1885, PB-1718 and PB-1509. Similarly, the maximum per cent increase in shoot length and root length was recorded in PB-1886 and PB-1885, respectively. Two cultivars namely PB-1886 and PB-1885 were found highly responsive to T. harzianum. Hence, it can be concluded that T. harzianum increased rice seedling growth, germination rate, seedling biomass and vigour. Keywords: Rice, Seed germination, Seedling vigour, Seedling biomass, Trichoderma.

Vegetable productivity is increased and their nutritional value may be impacted by elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2). We performed a meta-analysis using 57 articles and 1,015 observations and discovered that eCO2 increased the concentrations of fructose, glucose, total soluble sugar, total antioxidant capacity, total phenols, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and calcium in the edible part of vegetables by 14.2%, 13.2%, 17.5%, 59.0%, 8.9%, 45.5%, and 8.2%, respectively. However, eCO2 decreased the concentrations of protein, nitrate, The levels of titratable acidity, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, lycopene, anthocyanins, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, copper, and manganese were unaffected by eCO2. On the basis of the interactions between eCO2 and numerous parameters, including as species, cultivars, CO2 levels, growth stages, light, O3 stress, nutrients, and salinity, we also suggest a number of methods for enhancing vegetable quality. Finally, we provide an overview of how eCO2 has affected the quality of three commonly grown crops: lettuce, tomatoes, and potato. Keywords: antioxidants, climate change, elevated carbon dioxide, environmental factors, greenhouse vegetables, mineral, protein, soluble sugar. Citation Samiksha1, Shweta Verma2, Vivek Kumar Patel*3and Saipayan Ghosh4. Impacts of enhanced carbon dioxide concentration in the vegetable nutritional quality: A review. Scientist. 2022;1(3): 5000-5009. DOI: Competing Interest: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files.

Chickpea is the second most widely cultivating crop in Anantapuram during Rabi season. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) has conducted cluster front line demonstrations and front-line demonstrations in chickpea from 2018-19 to 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively, in a total of 85 ha to evaluate the performance of improved, high yielding, chickpea variety i. e NBeG-49 along with integrated crop management practices in adopted villages of Ananthapuramu district. In all of the study periods, the results revealed that the shown variety produced the highest yield when compared to farmer's practice. During 2018-19 to 2020-21, yield increased by 15.5, 31.0, and 16.7%, respectively. From 2018-19 to 2020-21, the proven yields were 1224 kg/ha, 950 kg/ha, and 1575 kg/ha, respectively, compared to farmer practice of 1060 kg/ha, 725 kg/ha, and 1350 kg/ha. The technology gap, extension gap was recorded 576 kg/ha, 850 kg/ha and 225 kg/ha, 164 kg/ha, 225 kg/ha and 225 kg/ha during 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively. Between 2018-19 to 2020-21, the technology index fluctuated between 12.5 and 47.2. Chickpea output can be increased by encouraging farmers to select high-yielding varieties, tolerance to wilt and moisture stress, improved technology, and timely delivery of need-based inputs. KEYWORDS: CFLD, Chickpea, Growth, Yield, Economics, Gap

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that is required for optimum plant growth. It is present in soil in insoluble forms. Bacterial solubilization of soil unavailable form of Zn into available form is an emerging approach to alleviate the Zn deficiency for plants and human beings. Zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) could be a substitute for chemical Zn fertilizer. Zn solubilizing ability of 16S rRNA identified Bacillus sp., Peribacillus sp. Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. was assessed using zinc oxide, zinc phosphate and zinc carbonate in both plate and broth assays. The ZSB_A3 (Priestia megaterium strain BAU_A3) obtained from the zinc deficient rhizospheric soil exhibited the highest potential in Zinc oxide (ZnO) containing medium, produced maximum hallow zone (2.33 cm) with a solubilization index (1.57) and DTPA Zn in broth culture was 58.49 mg kg-1 of zinc in zinc oxide, 51.60 mg kg-1 in the Zn3 (PO4)2 respectively.Thus, the solubilization potential varies among different cultures. The solubilization might be due to production of acids by the culture, since the pH of the culture broth has been shifted form 7.0-7.3 to 4.8-6.5 after 15 days of inoculation. The kinetics release modeling of Zn2+ through the insoluble zinc compounds has a high correlation coefficient R2 values with 0.950, 0.933 and 0.920, from ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and ZnCO3 respectively, leading thus to a perfect linearity. Insoluble zinc compounds, where these results indicate clearly that the kinetics of Zn2+ ion release through the used compounds is described with a satisfactory way by Zero order reaction

In order to produce some fresh materials with fascinating qualities, translating traditional scientific notions into a new durable creation is a greatly required one at the moment. Nanoscale particles outperform their bulk counterparts in terms of activity. This one-of-a-kind property is widely used in the physical, chemical, and biological fields. Nanotechnology's application in agriculture has fundamentally transformed current agricultural techniques. Development of disease resistance and higher output without collecting environmental toxins is one of the growing issues in the present agricultural system. The majority of commonly used chemical fertilizers and pesticides have a number of negative consequences on both plants and the environment. Nanotechnology may provide green and environmentally friendly plant disease treatment options. Green nanoparticle manufacturing utilizing plant extracts and microorganisms has gotten a lot of interest since it's easy to do, biodegradable, and effective against a variety of plant pathogenic microorganisms. Nanotechnology has the potential to improve pesticides by decreasing toxicity, expanding shelf life, and enhancing the solubility of pesticides that are poorly water soluble, all of which might have a beneficial environmental impact. Nanoparticles can be used to manage plant disease in two ways: as stand alone protectants or as nanocarriers for insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and RNA-interference agents. Key Words: Nanotechnology, Current research

Sole application of organic manure to fulfil the crop nutrition sometimes looks beyond practical as the availability of the organic manure is a concern. Combined application of manures and biofertilizers can alleviate this problem reducing the application-rate of manures. Present study was conducted for three years (2017–2020) to evaluate the effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of spinach beet leaf grown in calcareous soils. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments were comprised of three organic manures applied solely and in combination with biofertilizers apart from one control with recommended dose of nutrition through chemical fertilizers. The profitability of treatments was presented in terms of benefit-cost ratio. From this study, the maximum plant height (29.43 cm), leaf area (30.56 cm2), number of leaves per plant (24.38), fresh weight of leaves per plant (92.49g) and leaves yield per hectare (226.97q) were recorded with application of vermicompost at 3 Mg ha-1 + Azospirillum at 5kgha-1 +PSB at 5kgha-1. This treatment also recorded for the highest profitability in terms of gross return and net income with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.18. This treatment also improved the tissue phosphorus, iron, calcium, carotenoids contents in spinach beet leaves. From this three-year’s long study, it was concluded that combined application of vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB can improve the yield and quality of spinach beet in calcareous soils. KEYWORDS: Azospirillium, FYM, PSB, Spinach beet, Vermicompost

Studies on the “Management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis wilt in lentil using fungicide, botanical and bio-agents” was carried out using nine treatments as Trichoderma viride @ 4 gms/kg seed, Bacillus subtilis @ 10 gms/kg seed, Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 4 gm/kg seed, Onion Bulb extract @ 10 %, Garlic Bulb extract @ 10 %, Neem Leaf extract @ 10 %, Propiconazole @ 0.2 % and Azoxystrobin @ 0.2 % with untreated check. The observations at 30 days,45 days and 60 days old crop was recorded on per cent disease incidence and percent disease control. The observations showed that the lowest incidence was recorded in Propiconazole-treated plots but the disease incidence was observed at par with Azoxystrobin treatment and the highest incidence was recorded in untreated check. At 60 days old crop lowest disease incidence was observed in Propiconazole (15.27 %), followed by Azoxystrobin (18.29 %), T. viride (32.16 %), Pseudomonas fluorescens (39.89 %) and Bacillus subtilis (43.07 %). Among the botanicals lowest disease incidence was observed in garlic bulb extract (49.63 %). The highest disease control was observed in Propiconazole (79.22 %) at 60 days old crop. In case of bio-agents and botanicals, the best performance was shown by Trichoderma viride (56.38 %) and garlic extract (32.60 %) respectively, in per cent disease control. Keywords: Bio-agent, Botanicals, fungicides, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, in vivo, Lentil, Disease, Management, Wilt.

Studies on biochemical changes in opium poppy leaves incited by Peronospora arborescens causing downy mildew, a widespread and destructive disease, were undertaken at ANDUA&T Kumarganj, Ayodhya, and Uttar Pradesh. Leaves showing several different symptoms were collected randomly at pre flowering, flowering and maturity stage of crop. Higher amount of total phenol content at pre flowering stage was observed in infected leaves (1-25%) which was 25.0 (mg) GAE/100 gm dry weights higher than the healthy plant. At flowering stage maximum amount of total phenol content observed in infected leaves than the healthy plant leaves which gave 17.25 (mg) GAE/100 gm dry weights. The higher amount of total phenol content was observed at the time of maturity in healthy leaves than the infected leaves which was 12.75 (mg) GAE/100 gm dry weights. Maximum protein content was observed in healthy leaves than the infected leaves. However, the significant difference was also observed in the amount of total protein content present in infected leaves having necrotic lesion at all three stages of crop. The content of a, b and total chlorophyll decreased with the disease development in the infected leaves when compared to healthy. The chlorophyll decrease was higher in more than 50% infected leaves at all three-stage mention in table as compared to healthy one.

The field experiment was conducted under irrigated condition during Rabi 2018-19 at Department of Vegetable, Kalyanpur of C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Forty genotypes/varieties of table pea (Pisum sativum var. Hortense L) were evaluated in an experiment in the randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications and 8 treatments. The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants of each genotype and the average was worked out in each replication for the traits viz., Days to 50% flowering, Plant height (cm), Number of branches per plan, Number of pods per plant, Pod length (cm), Pod width (cm), Number of seeds per pod, Green Pod yield per plant (g). All the characters studied showed considerable amount of variability, green pod yield per plant had highest coefficient of genotypic and phenotypic variability. Phenotypic coefficients of variability were higher than their respective genotypic coefficient of variability for all the characters studied. Almost all the characters studied showed higher heritability. The highest estimate of genetic advance (in per cent of mean) emerged for green pod yield per plant. The estimate of genetic advance in per cent mean was comparatively low for no. of branches per plant.

Tomatoes are a significant fruit vegetable growing in Maharashtra's western area. The crop suffers significant losses as a result of infection with a whitefly-borne tomato leaf curl virus. The current study looks on the role of alternate hosts in viral transmission in tomato-growing areas. Since, ToLCV has a very broad host range and the vector whitefly on a wide range of hosts, several host plants harbouring both virus and vector were identified. They were perennials, including plants produced for food, fodder, and vegetables, and were a constant source of ToLCV inoculum in nature, with a possible role in the effect of climatic circumstances and cultural practises on the amount of infection. Keywords: Host range, Tomato, Weeds, ToLCV, Epidemiology

Several biotic and abiotic factors distress the pearl millet and significantly influence the production. Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia substriata , is the most important disease among the biotic factors, which reduced the yield up to 76 percent. Sphaerellopsis paraphysata is a rust mycoparasite with a wide host range that inhibits rust spore germination which could be cultured and could be grown on potato dextrose agar media. The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of S. paraphysata TNAU Sp1 showed that the dextrose and sodium nitrate supported the maximum mean mycelial growth and recorded 60.00 and 58.67 mm, respectively. Similarly, maximum mycelial growth and pycnidial production of S. paraphysata were observed at 20ºC (38.3 mm) temperature and 6.5 pH (55.0 mm).

Bacterial blight of rice is a common vascular disease that is systemic in nature. It infects seedlings after transplantation and subsequently during the booting stage in the nursery. Plant disease control requires the use of agrochemicals. In order to do this, researchers investigated the screening of thirty genotypes along with two susceptible checks against bacterial blight pathogen under artificial inoculation condition during kharif 2020 revealed that, 3 genotypes were found moderately resistant viz., NVSR-466, NVSR-396 and ISM. Whereas, 12 genotypes viz., NVSR-411, NVSR-443, NVSR-447, NVSR-453, GNR-6, IR-28, NAUR-1, GNR-2, Gurjari, GNR-4, Krishna kamod and GAR-13 were found susceptible to Xoo and two checks viz., GR-11 and TN-1 were found highly susceptible. Given the severity of the rice BB disease in South Gujarat, the goal of this study was to determine the best effective management strategy for bacterial blight disease in rice crops by employing screening of rice genotypes for bacterial blight of rice under artificial inoculation method.

Phytoplasma is one of the devastating pathogens responsible for significant crop losses in eggplant globally that causes little leaf of brinjal. This study focuses on survey, disease incidence and molecular characterization of BLL (Brinjal little leaf) phytoplasma. In 2021-2022, surveys were carried out in six regions of Tamil Nadu where brinjal is grown, and 6 BLL samples were collected for phytoplasma identification. Disease incidence is calculated on the basis of symptoms exhibited by phytoplasma infected plant in three different seasons. Collected samples exhibited little leaf, phyllody, and witches' broom symptoms. Coimbatore region showed highest disease incidence (22.01%) and Thenkasi with lowest (17.58%). Phytoplasma-specific primer pairs P1/P6 (amplify 16S rRNA region) R16F2n/R16R2 ( amplify internal region of the 16S rRNA region) were used in the nested PCR to detect and characterize the of phytoplasmas present in each of the six BLL samples. Sequence analysis discovered that the Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii was associated with BLL with 98.54% percent and identity, with other isolates.

Vegetable pea is one of the relevant vegetable crops grown in the cool season all over the India. Sulphur deficiency is becoming more prevalent in Bihar due to the less use of boron and sulphur-containing fertilizer in calcareous soils and the consequent decrease in sulphur and boron nutrients. On the other hand, organic matter-rich manures are utilized in very small quantities and are a source of a variety of macro-and micronutrients, including sulphur and boron. As a consequence, soils have become deficient in sulphur and boron, which is detrimental to crop production. In the absence of these sulphur and boron in the soil, different legume crops such as vegetable pea suffer from reduced growth, yield, and nodule formation.”In this field investigation during 2020-2022, experiments were conducted in FRBD using fifteen different combinations of Boron and Sulphur doses in Azad Pea-3 variety of vegetable pea in three replications and different pod and seed yield attributing traits were studied. Among the different treatments, it has been inferred that treatment combination S4 B2 (40 kg S ha-1+ 2 kg B ha-1)”exhibited superiority over rest of the treatment combinations with respect to pod and seed yield attributes of vegetable pea.