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5. When do the expectations of others matter? Experimental evidence on distributional justice and guilt aversion

Author

Ghidoni, R, Ploner, M, Ghidoni, Riccardo, Ploner, Matteo, Ghidoni, R, Ploner, M, Ghidoni, Riccardo, and Ploner, Matteo

Abstract

Distributional justice—measured by the proportionality between effort exerted and rewards obtained—and guilt aversion—triggered by not fulfilling others’ expectations—are widely acknowledged fundamental sources of pro-social behavior. We design three experiments to study the relevance of these sources of behavior when considered in interaction. In particular, we investigate whether subjects fulfill others’ expectations also when this could produce inequitable allocations that conflict with distributional justice considerations. Our results confirm that both justice considerations and guilt aversion are important drivers of pro-social behavior, with the former having an overall stronger impact than the latter. Expectations of others are less relevant in environments more likely to nurture equitable outcomes.

Published
2021

8. Foreign rectal body - Systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Ploner M, Gardetto A, Ploner F, Michael Scharl, Shoap S, Hc, Bäcker, University of Zurich, and Bäcker, H C

Subjects
Male, 10219 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rectum, Humans, Female, 610 Medicine & health, 2715 Gastroenterology, Foreign Bodies
Abstract

Self-inserted foreign rectal bodies are an infrequent occurrence, however they present a serious dilemma to the surgeon, due to the variety of objects, and the difficulty of extraction. The purpose of this study is to give a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the epidemiology, diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches of foreign rectal body insertion.A comprehensive systematic literature review on Pubmed/ Medline and Google for 'foreign bodies' was performed on January 14th 2018. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the epidemiology, diagnostics and therapeutic techniques. 1,551 abstracts were identified, of which 54 articles were included.The motivation of foreign rectal body insertion is mostly sexual stimulation. Patients are typically young and predominantly male, with a male to female ratio of 6:1. Sexual devices (35.7%, n=108) and glass objects (17.5%, n=53) are the most commonly self-inserted rectal foreign bodies. Patient history should be taken sensitively after diagnostic evaluation and identification of the object. Removal was performed under general anesthesia in 45.2% (n=95) and sedation in 29.0% (n=61). The total complication rate was described to be 30.4%.Diagnostics must be performed with caution in order to rule out perforation and establish a treatment algorithm. Manual transanal extraction under sedation or general anesthesia may be performed in conjunction with cautious abdominal compression. Because of the variety of objects, i.e. in form and material, each case must be treated individually. Sometimes creativity and surgeon imagination may be required, although different algorithms have been established.

Published
2020

9. Accumulation of ferromanganese crusts derived from carrier-free 10Be/9Be

Author

(0000-0002-2655-5800) Lachner, J., Ploner, M., Steier, P., Sakaguchi, A., Usui, A., (0000-0002-2655-5800) Lachner, J., Ploner, M., Steier, P., Sakaguchi, A., and Usui, A.

Abstract

The occurrence of 10Be in natural archives is commonly used to date their formation and growth on time scales of million years. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) can perform a direct measurement of the 10Be/9Be ratio. The carrier-free method, in which no 9Be carrier is added to the original sample, is especially suitable for 10Be/9Be ratio determination in the marine environment. By normalizing the 10Be content to 9Be, temporal variations of Be uptake processes into the archive are eliminated. Here, we present a simple method for the chemical extraction of beryllium from ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts or nodules, the measurement procedure, and the first carrier-free 10Be/9Be measurements at the 3 MV AMS facility VERA. Several tests of chemical methods are discussed including different options to short-cut and accelerate the procedure for special cases. Results from FeMn crust 237KD from cruise VA13/2 in the Pacific ocean show the known 10Be/9Be distribution with depth that is commonly related to a changing growth rate of the archive. In this context we discuss the potential influence of diffusion and adsorption processes on the age models of FeMn crusts that are based on radioactive nuclides such as 10Be and 230Th. Including an open-system behavior for these isotopes in the description of their profiles allows interpreting the accumulation of crusts with a constant growth rate over millions of years and does not require the assumption of abrupt growth changes.

Published
2020

10. Foreign rectal body - Systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Ploner, M, Gardetto, A, Ploner, F, Scharl, M, Shoap, S, Bäcker, H C, Ploner, M, Gardetto, A, Ploner, F, Scharl, M, Shoap, S, and Bäcker, H C

Abstract

Background: Self-inserted foreign rectal bodies are an infrequent occurrence, however they present a serious dilemma to the surgeon, due to the variety of objects, and the difficulty of extraction. The purpose of this study is to give a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the epidemiology, diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches of foreign rectal body insertion. Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature review on Pubmed/ Medline and Google for 'foreign bodies' was performed on January 14th 2018. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the epidemiology, diagnostics and therapeutic techniques. 1,551 abstracts were identified, of which 54 articles were included. Results: The motivation of foreign rectal body insertion is mostly sexual stimulation. Patients are typically young and predominantly male, with a male to female ratio of 6:1. Sexual devices (35.7%, n=108) and glass objects (17.5%, n=53) are the most commonly self-inserted rectal foreign bodies. Patient history should be taken sensitively after diagnostic evaluation and identification of the object. Removal was performed under general anesthesia in 45.2% (n=95) and sedation in 29.0% (n=61). The total complication rate was described to be 30.4%. Conclusions: Diagnostics must be performed with caution in order to rule out perforation and establish a treatment algorithm. Manual transanal extraction under sedation or general anesthesia may be performed in conjunction with cautious abdominal compression. Because of the variety of objects, i.e. in form and material, each case must be treated individually. Sometimes creativity and surgeon imagination may be required, although different algorithms have been established.

Published
2020

14. Räumliche und zeitlich-dynamische Kohärenzanalyse zwischen lokalen Feldpotentialen im Nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami und Tremor EMG Aktivität bei Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose

Author

Reck, C, primary, Gross, J, additional, Ostrowski, S, additional, Krause, H, additional, Groiss, S, additional, Wojtecki, L, additional, Ploner, M, additional, Südmeyer, M, additional, Voges, J, additional, Sturm, V, additional, Schnitzler, A, additional, and Timmermann, L, additional

Published
2007
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31. An esplorative study of skills and openness in Open Source Software projects

Author

GIURI, PAOLA, TORRISI, SALVATORE, Ploner M., Rullani F., Giuri, P, Ploner, M, Rullani, F, Torrisi, S, Giuri P., Ploner M., Rullani F., and Torrisi S.

Subjects
SKILL HETEROGENEITY, OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE, R&D MANAGEMENT, open source software, innovation projects, productivity
Abstract

This paper is about Open-Source Software projects and individual contributors. We aim to show the association between skill profiles and roles assigned to different contributors. Moreover, our analysis focuses on the implications for project performance of members’ skill heterogeneity and the share of external contributors, as a measure of the project’s embeddedness. Our empirical analysis draws on a large sample of Open Source Software projects. For each project we have information about individual contributors such as skills and roles assigned. Key variables at the project level are the number of core members and peripheral contributors, the level of skills, the number of intended audiences (e.g., developers and end-users), and various measures of activity (e.g., number of file releases and bugs closed). We conduct a multinomial logit analysis to predict the role played by individual contributors (e.g., developers and project managers). We also estimate the contribution of skills and openness to projects’ survival and activity.

Published
2007

48. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials

Author

EBCTCG, Abe, O., Abe, R., Enomoto, K., Kikuchi, K., Koyama, H., Masuda, H., Nomura, Y., Sakai, K., Sugimachi, K., Tominaga, T., Uchino, J., Yoshida, M., Haybittle, Jl, Davies, C., Harvey, Vj, Holdaway, Tm, Kay, Rg, Mason, Bh, Forbes, Jf, Wilcken, N., Gnant, M., Jakesz, R., Ploner, M., Yosef, Hma, Focan, C., Lobelle, Jp, Peek, U., Oates, Gd, Powell, J., Durand, M., Mauriac, L., Di Leo, A., Dolci, S., Piccart, Mj, Masood, Mb, Parker, D., Price, Jj, Hupperets, Psgj, Jackson, S., Ragaz, J., Berry, D., Broadwater, G., Cirrincione, C., Muss, H., Norton, L., Weiss, Rb, Abu-Zahra, Ht, Portnoj, Sm, Baum, M., Cuzick, J., Houghton, J., Riley, D., Gordon, Nh, Davis, Hl, Beatrice, A., Mihura, J., Naja, A., Lehingue, Y., Romestaing, P., Dubois, Jb, Delozier, T., Mace-Lesec H, J., Rambert, P., Andrysek, O., Barkmanova, J., Owen, Jr, Meier, P., Howell, A., Ribeiro, Gc, Swindell, R., Alison, R., Boreham, J., Clarke, M., Collins, R., Darby, S., Elphinstone, P., Evans, V., Godwin, J., Gray, R., Harwood, C., Hicks, C., James, S., Mackinnon, E., Mcgale, P., Mchugh, T., Mead, G., Peto, R., Wang, Y., Albano, J., Oliveira, Cf, Gervasio, H., Gordilho, J., Johansen, H., Mouridsen, Ht, Gelman, Rs, Harris, Jr, Henderson, Ic, Shapiro, Cl, Andersen, Kw, Axelsson, Ck, Blichert-Toft, M., Moller, S., Overgaard, J., Overgaard, M., Rose, C., Cartensen, B., Palshof, T., Trampisch, Hj, Dalesio, O., Vries, Ege, Rodenhuis, S., Tinteren, H., Comis, Rl, Davidson, Ne, Robert, N., Sledge, G., Tormey, Dc, Wood, W., Cameron, D., Chetty, U., Forrest, P., Jack, W., Rossbach, J., Klijn, Jgm, Treurniet-Donker, Ad, Putten, Wlj, Costa, A., Veronesi, U., Bartelink, H., Duchateau, L., Legrand, C., Sylvester, R., Hage, Ja, Velde, Cjh, Cunningham, Mp, Catalano, R., Creech, Rh, Bonneterre, J., Fargeot, P., Fumoleau, P., Kerbrat, P., Namer, M., Jonat, W., Kaufmann, M., Schumacher, M., Minckwitz, G., Bastert, G., Rauschecker, H., Sauer, R., Sauerbrei, W., Schauer, A., Schryver, A., Vakaet, L., Belfiglio, M., Nicolucci, A., Pellegrini, F., Sacco, M., Valentini, M., Mcardle, Cs, Smith, Dc, Galligioni, E., Boccardo, F., Rubagotti, A., Dent, Dm, Gudgeon, Ca, Hacking, A., Erazo, A., Medina, Jy, Izuo, M., Morishita, Y., Takei, H., Fentiman, Is, Hayward, Jl, Rubens, Rd, Skilton, D., Graeff, H., Janicke, F., Meisner, C., Scheurlen, H., Fournier, D., Dafni, U., Fountzilas, G., Klefstrom, P., Blomqvist, C., Saarto, T., Margreiter, R., Asselain, B., Salmon, Rj, Vilcoq, Jr, Rodrigo Arriagada, Hill, C., Laplanche, A., Le, Mg, Spielmann, M., Bruzzi, P., Montanaro, E., Rosso, R., Sertoli, MR, Venturini, M., Amadori, D., Benraadt, J., Kooi, M., Velde, Ao, Dongen, Ja, Vermorken, Jb, Castiglione, M., Cavalli, F., Coates, A., Collins, J., Forbes, J., Gelber, Rd, Goldhirsch, A., Lindtner, J., Price, Kn, Rudenstam, Cm, Senn, Hj, Bliss, Jm, Chilvers, Ced, Coombes, Rc, Hall, E., Marty, M., Borovik, R., Brufman, G., Hayat, H., Robinson, E., Wigler, N., Bonadonna, G., Camerini, T., Palo, G., Del Vecchio, M., Formelli, F., Valagussa, P., Martoni, A., Pannuti, F., Cocconi, G., Colozza, A., Camisa, R., Aogi, K., Takashima, S., Ikeda, T., Inokuchi, K., Sawa, K., Sonoo, H., Korzeniowski, S., Skolyszewski, J., Ogawa, M., Yamashita, J., Bonte, J., Christiaens, R., Paridaens, R., Den Boegart, W., Martin, P., Romain, S., Hakes, T., Hudis, Ca, Wittes, R., Giokas, G., Kondylis, D., Lissaios, B., La Huerta, R., Sainz, Mg, Altemus, R., Cowan, K., Danforth, D., Lichter, A., Lippman, M., O Shaughnessy, J., Pierce, Lj, Steinberg, S., Venzon, D., Zujewski, J., Paradiso, A., Lena, M., Schittulli, F., Myles, Jd, Pater, Jl, Pritchard, Ki, Anderson, S., Bass, G., Brown, A., Bryant, J., Costantino, J., Dignam, J., Fisher, B., Redmond, C., Wieand, S., Wolmark, N., Jackson, Im, Palmer, Mk, Ingle, Jn, Suman, Vj, Bengtsson, No, Jonsson, H., Larsson, Lg, Lythgoe, Jp, Kissin, M., Erikstein, B., Hannisdal, E., Jacobsen, Ab, Varhaug, Je, Gundersen, S., Hauer-Jensen, M., Host, H., Nissen-Meyer, R., Blamey, Rw, Mitchell, Ak, Morgan, Dal, Robertson, Jfr, Di Palma, M., Mathe, G., Misset, Jl, Clark, Rm, Levine, M., Morimoto, K., Takatsuka, Y., Crossley, E., Harris, A., Talbot, D., Taylor, M., Di Blasio, B., Ivanov, V., Semiglazov, V., Brockschmidt, J., Cooper, MR, Ueo, H., Falkson, Ci, A Hern, R., Ashley, S., Powles, Tj, Smith, Ie, Yarnold, Jr, Gazet, Jc, Cocoran, N., Deshpande, N., Di Martino, L., Douglas, P., Lindtner, A., Notter, G., Bryant, Ajs, Ewing, Gh, Firth, La, Krushen-Kosloski, Jl, Foster, L., George, Wd, Stewart, Hj, Stroner, P., Malmstrom, P., Moller, Tr, Ryden, S., Tengrup, I., Tennvall-Nittby, L., Carstenssen, J., Dufmats, M., Hatschek, T., Nordenskjold, B., Soderberg, M., Carpenter, Jt, Albain, K., Crowley, J., Green, S., Martino, S., Osborne, Ck, Ravdin, Pm, Glas, U., Johansson, U., Rutqvist, Le, Singnomklao, T., Wallgren, A., Maibach, R., Thurlimann, B., Brenner, H., Hercbergs, A., Yoshimoto, M., Deboer, G., Paterson, Ahg, Meakin, Jw, Panzarella, T., Shan, Y., Shao, Yf, Wang, X., Zhao, Db, Chen, Zm, Pan, Hc, Bahi, J., Reid, M., Spittle, M., Deutsch, Gp, Senanayake, F., Kwong, Dlw, Bianco, Ar, Carlomagno, C., Laurentiis, M., Placido, S., Buzdar, Au, Smith, T., Bergh, J., Holmberg, L., Liljegren, G., Nilsson, J., Seifert, M., Sevelda, P., Zielinsky, Cc, Buchanan, Rb, Cross, M., Royle, Gt, Dunn, Ja, Hills, Rk, Lee, M., Morrison, Jm, Spooner, D., Litton, A., Chlebowski, Rt, Caffier, H., Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG, Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative, Group, DE LAURENTIIS, Michelino, and DE PLACIDO, Sabino

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, DEATHS, Ovariectomy, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Aged, Anthracyclines, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Cause of Death, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Ovary, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Receptors, Estrogen, Survival Rate, Tamoxifen, Medicine (all), Breast cancer, MammaPrint, Internal medicine, Receptors, medicine, Chemotherapy, TAMOXIFEN, skin and connective tissue diseases, Survival rate, Adjuvant, Gynecology, Hormonal, medicine.diagnostic_test, Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Assay, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Estrogen, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Hormonal therapy, Oncotype DX, business, medicine.drug, Epirubicin
Abstract

Background Quinquennial overviews (1985–2000) of the randomised trials in early breast cancer have assessed the 5 year and 10-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival. Here, we report the 10-year and 15-year effects. Methods Collaborative meta-analyses were undertaken of 194 unconfounded randomised trials of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy that began by 1995. Many trials involved CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil), anthracycline-based combinations such as FAC (fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) or FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), tamoxifen, or ovarian suppression: none involved taxanes, trastuzumab, raloxifene, or modern aromatase inhibitors. Findings Allocation to about 6 months of anthracycline-based polychemotherapy (eg, with FAC or FEC) reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by about 38% (SE 5) for women younger than 50 years of age when diagnosed and by about 20% (SE 4) for those of age 50–69 years when diagnosed, largely irrespective of the use of tamoxifen and of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, nodal status, or other tumour characteristics. Such regimens are significantly (2p=0·0001 for recurrence, 2p For ER-positive disease only, allocation to about 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by 31% (SE 3), largely irrespective of the use of chemotherapy and of age ( These results combine six meta-analyses: anthracycline-based versus no chemotherapy (8000 women); CMF-based versus no chemotherapy (14 000); anthracycline-based versus CMF-based chemotherapy (14 000); about 5 years of tamoxifen versus none (15 000); about 1–2 years of tamoxifen versus none (33 000); and about 5 years versus 1–2 years of tamoxifen (18 000). Finally, allocation to ovarian ablation or suppression (8000 women) also significantly reduces breast cancer mortality, but appears to do so only in the absence of other systemic treatments. For middle-aged women with ER-positive disease (the commonest type of breast cancer), the breast cancer mortality rate throughout the next 15 years would be approximately halved by 6 months of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (with a combination such as FAC or FEC) followed by 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. For, if mortality reductions of 38% (age Interpretation Some of the widely practicable adjuvant drug treatments that were being tested in the 1980s, which substantially reduced 5-year recurrence rates (but had somewhat less effect on 5-year mortality rates), also substantially reduce 15-year mortality rates. Further improvements in long-term survival could well be available from newer drugs, or better use of older drugs.

Published
2005

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