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The regulatory function of the processes involving free radicals known to maintain cellular vital activity and their role as an intermediate stage of many vitally important enzymatic reactions attract the attention of researchers interested in the mechanisms of production and inactivation of free radicals. Investigations into prooxidant and antioxidant systems along with evaluation of the intensity of free-radical oxidation make it possible to resolve many problems including elucidation of dynamic activity of pathological process, prognosis of various pathological conditions, and the choice of possible methods for the correction of prooxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with ENT diseases. The development of algorithms and methods for the assessment of parameters of activity of the prooxidant system allows for their stage by stage measurement and evaluation.

The state of enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of antioxidant system and also lipid peroxidation processes were studied in brain of rats with toxic pulmonary edema induced by inhalation of nitric oxides. The changes in the state of antioxidant system components in brain accompanied the development of toxic pulmonary edema. The main changes were found in nonenzymatic components of the antioxidant system, particularly in thiol and disulfide groups. Lipid peroxidation processes were not activated during the toxic pulmonary edema.

Low-frequency noise has been shown to cause certain functional changes in the organism of laboratory animals that manifest in changes of the state of the regulatory systems and metabolic disturbances at cellular and subcellular levels. The obtained data support the hypothesis of the mechanism of injurious effect of this physical factor including two basically correlated ways, i.e. the central mechanism associated with overexcitation of the hypotalamohypophysis-adrenal system and mediating the homeostatic parameters of the body, and the local one which is determined by a direct effect of low-frequency noise on highly organized structure of membraneous and genetic apparatus of cells.

The state of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant system and also lipid peroxidation processes in blood and lungs of rats with toxic pulmonary edema induced by inhalation of nitric oxides were investigated. The changes in the state of blood and lung antioxidant system components accompany the development of toxic pulmonary edema and coincide in time-course of edema manifestation. The determined changes were more pronounced in blood than in lungs.

Threat of accident development at the chemical industry objects, as well as tasks of medical support in chemical weapon destruction necessitate improvement of the toxicant biological indication methods, creation of protective-decontaminating prescriptions to protect open areas of skin, and also development of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy agents for poisonings The Scientific-Research-Test Center (Medicobiologic Protection) studies of every of the above trends have allowed to create and introduce into table medical support of the RF Armed Forces some new indication-means samples, antichemical packets, antidotes and means of pathogenetic therapy for convulsive and bronchospastic syndromes, to motivate use of pharmacological agents to stop toxic pulmonary edema and cardio-vascular failure.

The paper substantiates a possibility of eye protection for military men in combat with special glasses and corrective spectacles. It shows that explosive shrapnel wounds dominate over the gunshot ones of visual organs. In the overwhelming majority of cases they are produced by small splinters with kinetic energy less than 18 J. It is found that the high-impact resistant polymeric optical material can be used for effective eye protection, which should result in a considerable reduction of eye wounds.

The effect of perftocarbonic emulsion-perftoran on the course of experimental lipopolysaccharide intoxication was studied in albino mice. Resistance of the animals to the endotoxin reduced 3 days after administration of 10 ml/kg of the preparation and increased 6 days after its administration. The effect of perftoran on the dynamics of some parameters of immunity and nonspecific resistance in CBA mice and guinea pigs was studied in immunodeficiency states induced by injection of 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and irradiation. Activation of the phagocytic system occurred 3 days later, and activation of the parameters of cellular and humoral immunity 6 days later.

The toxicity of the picrotoxin bicuculline, but not of 3-mercaptopropionic acid increased in mice pretreated with triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP). TOCP decreased the affinity of brain GABA receptors of intact mice for [3H] GABA. The binding of [3H]-t-butylcycloorthobenzoate was unchanged. The increased toxicity of GABA-antagonists may be associated with inhibition of blood carboxylesterases. The possibility of direct influence of TOCP and its metabolites on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex cannot be excluded.