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OBJECTIVE Investigate the following in rescue and cleanup workers exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster 17 years post-fallout: (1) allergic hypersensitivity; (2) spirometry; (3) impulse oscillometry; and (4) the reversibility of airway hyperresponsiveness and distal airways narrowing pre- and post-bronchodilator. METHODS In subjects (n = 54) referred to our clinic from the WTC Health Program for management of allergy-immunology services, environmental allergy testing, impulse oscillometry (IOS), and spirometry results were retrospectively reviewed to determine the long-term impact of exposure to the WTC fallout. RESULTS Rescue and cleanup workers exposed to the WTC fallout had a high incidence of allergic hypersensitivity and had evidence of permanent small airways dysfunction characterized by distal airways narrowing and airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSION Following exposure to the WTC disaster, the patients in our cohort developed allergic hypersensitivity and severe lung injury with only partial reversibility.

Patients on immunosuppressant agents, including oral corticosteroids, are susceptible to fungal colonization despite being otherwise immunologically intact. This case report highlights a state-of-the-art biological modifier therapy for the complex care of a patient with refractory occupational asthma, allergic rhinitis, and mixed fungal colonization. A dyspneic 38-year-old male janitor with steroid-dependent occupational asthma refractory to omalizumab therapy was colonized with Candida and Alternaria following a promotion to a managerial position in a moldy office. He was treated with itraconazole and systemic steroids. Pulmonary workup revealed moderate obstructive ventilatory defect, peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophilic airway inflammation. Three additional biological modifiers (reslizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab) were administered to this patient. His asthma was ultimately controlled with reslizumab and dupilumab. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) normalized after dupilumab monotherapy, enabling the patient to taper off chronic prednisone therapy. Various occupational exposures are crucial epidemiologic factors related to infection and go hand-in-glove with long-term prednisone treatment towards increasing susceptibility to fungal colonization. Steroid-sparing anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) agents and dupilumab should be considered as alternative treatment options for patients, such as ours, with eosinophilic, prednisone-dependent asthma refractory to omalizumab therapy.

From 2015, NSPO (National Space Organization) began to develop off-axis Korsch telescope system for next generation earth observation mission. The experimental Korsch telescope system is consist of five mirrors, including: (1) M1: 550mm diameter clear aperture concave primary mirror, (2) M2: Convex secondary mirror, (3) M3: Off-axis concave tertiary mirror with rectangular aperture, (4) FM1 & FM2: Two folding mirrors with rectangular aperture and flat surface. All the experimental mirrors are designed with lightweight structure and made of fused silica. Since early 2016, we collaborated with Taiwanese domestic company and manufactured all the mirrors for the experimental Korsch telescope. Moreover, we not only accomplished the assembly of M1 but also implemented the form error metrology technique to measure the surface error of M1 with high repeatability in 2017. Recently, in order to validate the structural and athermal design of opto-mechanical structures, several vibration tests and thermal experiments have been accomplished in 2018. The experimental data could not only help us to enhance the analysis accuracy of the finite element model but also benefit to our automated opto-mechanical design system. For next developed phase, the aspheric polishing and reflective coating will be achieved till 2021.

This paper describes superior candidate substrate material- aluminum nitride (AlN), for the cost-effective and high-performance requirements for aerospace mirrors. In fact, high specific stiffness and thermal stability are not only two major considerations to select ideal material but also machinability, dimensional stability, and cost. Silicon carbide shows the best figure of merits 12627, but it has extremely low remove rate and expensive raw material properties. Extremely low expansion ceramics such as Zerodur may be difficult to obtain in large quantities and its figure of merit is 1151. On the contrary, AlN has outstanding thermal conductivity (~170 W/m°C) and maintain high figure of merit 2222 without compromise. In our fabrication processes, the AlN substrate can be easily polished to 53±1nm Ra surface texture and 66.4±2nm RMS surface form. Its unique thermal stability, specific stiffness, and good figure of merits, associated with its easy machinability and low-cost raw materials, makes AlN an ideal selection for superior mirror substrate in the future space mirror optics.

Large mirrors with lightweight structure, such as those used in the telescope system of astronomy or spaceborne applications, are susceptible to stress caused by fabrication process. Furthermore, both the residual stress and subsurface damage are critical for the lightweight tooling of glass materials. In order to figure out the stress distribution on glass substrate, the photoelastic method has been applied to not only the astronomical optics but also the industrial optics of semiconductor equipment. However, there are several influence factors in photoelasticity measurement, including the structure of mirror, fabrication process, and metrology technique. The above factors may affect to the retardation result of photoelasticity measurement and cause the error of stress calculation. Therefore, it is important to clarify the retardation difference contribution to the corresponding influence factors. In this study, we attempted to use photoelastic instrument to investigate the relationship between the photoelastic effect and stress of several kinds of lightweight mirrors. There are three different lightweight mirrors were adapted to the photoelasticity measurement, including: (1) GSO 12” Mirror with 12 inches diameter made by fused silica, (2) Primary Mirror (M1-B) of Formosat-5 with 450 mm diameter made by ZERODUR® , (3) Primary Mirror (M1) of Mircrosat with 380 mm diameter made by CLEARCERAM®-Z. The experimental results depict some obvious retardation differences caused by the certain influence factors and the details will be discussed below.

(BACKGROUND): Military personnel post-deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan have noted new-onset respiratory illness. This study’s primary objective was to further develop an animal model of Iraq Afghanistan War Lung Injury (IAW-LI) and to test a novel class of anti-injury drug called RuX. (METHODS): Particulate Matter (PM) samples were obtained in Iraq then characterized by spectromicroscopy. C57BL/6 mice underwent orotracheal instillation with PM, followed by drinkable treatment with RuX. Lung histology, inspiratory capacity (FlexiVent), thymic/splenic regulatory T cell (Treg) number, and whole-lung genomics were analyzed. (RESULTS): Tracheal instillation of Iraq PM led to lung septate thickening and lymphocytic inflammation. PM-exposed mice had suppression of thymic/splenic regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Drinking RuX after PM exposure attenuated the histologic lung injury response, improved lung inspiratory capacity, and increased Tregs. Pooled whole lung genomics suggest differences among gene expression of IL-15 among control, PM, and PM+RuX groups. (CONCLUSIONS): RuX, a ruthenium and alpha-lipoic acid complex, attenuates lung injury by improving histology and inspiratory capacity via upregulation of Tregs in Iraq PM-exposed C57BL/6. Plausible genomic effects may involve IL=15 whole lung gene expression.

When Dr. Szema asked me to talk to a psychiatric patient, I was nervous and shocked. I was afraid of being uncomfortable while staying with her. How do I to talk to her? How do I to start the conversation? What if she stared at me without saying a word? We were asked to see the patient because of recurrent septic shock, and the patient had already been admitted to the hospital three times before we saw her. Although she got a lot of fluid, her blood pressure was still low. As a result, the intensive care unit team was worried that she may be immunocompromised. Nevertheless, based on her medical records, behaviors, and information we gathered from her surrounding people in the hospital, Dr. Szema believed she had Munchausen’s syndrome. I researched scientific articles in preparation. I left Dr. Szema’s office and anxiously checked my watch for the rest of the day (Fig. 7.1).

Aerobic exercise is known to influence brain function, e.g., enhancing executive function in both children and adults, with many of these influences being attributed to alterations in neurogenesis and neuronal function. Yet oligodendroglia in adult brains have also been reported to be highly responsive to exercise, including in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a late myelinating region implicated in working memory. However, whether exercise affects oligodendroglia or myelination in juveniles, either in the PFC or in other brain regions, remains unknown. To address this, both juvenile and young adult mice were provided free access to running wheels for four weeks followed by an analysis of oligodendrocyte development and myelination in the PFC and the corpus callosum, a major white matter tract. Working memory and PFC NG2+ cell development were both affected by exercise in juvenile mice, yet surprisingly these exercise-mediated effects were distinct in juveniles and young adults. In the PFC, NG2+ cell proliferation was increased in exercising juveniles, but not young adults, whereas newly-born oligodendrocyte production was increased in exercising young adults, but not juveniles. Although no overall changes in myelin genes were found, elevated levels of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1, a glial lactate transporter important during active myelination, were found in the PFC of exercising young adults. Overall our findings reveal that long-term exercise modulates PFC glial development and does so differentially in juvenile and young adult mice, providing insight into the cellular responses that may underlie cognitive benefits to teenagers and young adults in response to exercise. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 687-700, 2018.

This article presents the opto-mechanical design of a primary mirror assembly of a ground-based telescope with optimization algorithm. The prototype of ground-based telescope – GSO RC16 with 16 inches diameter blank primary mirror had been manufactured in 2016. However, a telescope with a blank primary mirror is too heavy to carry on for the stargazer. Besides, deformations caused by temperature difference and gravity will do significant effect to the large aperture mirrors with high optical performance requirements. In order to reduce the weight and maintain the stiffness simultaneously, the lightweight design and mounting interface design are critical and important. There are four types of system architectures in this project, including (1) two types of lightweight mirror designs - honeycomb type segments and sector type segments; (2) two types of mounting interface designs - retainer type support and CFRP type support. The optimization results showed that (1) the lightweight ratio of the primary mirrors are greater than 70%; and (2) the PV value of the mirrors supported by optimal mounting interfaces with gravity effect as a tilt of about 45 degrees and ±20°C temperature difference effectively less than 1/4 λ.

The objective of this study was to identify hypothesised relationships among creative experiences, memorability, and revisit intentions in creative tourism. Face-to-face questionnaire survey was adopted and 399 valid questionnaires were collected in the pottery town of Yingge in Taiwan. The results show significantly positive relationships among creative experiences, memorability, and revisit intentions. Structural equation modelling analysis verified that memorability fully mediated the effect of creative experiences on revisit intentions. The study suggests that memorability may be a more appropriate predictor to revisit intentions, particularly in the case of creative activities.

Radius of curvature is one of the key parameters of optical components. A variety of methods have been developed for this measurement. This paper describes a novel way, named “CMM spherometry by probe compensation”, to measure the radius of curvature of optical surfaces by coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The measurement combines CMM measurement and iteration calculation scheme is presented. The measurement results of CMM and the trace samples are compared. The effect of temperature compensation is discussed.

This paper presents the finite element and wavefront error analysis with reverse engineering of the primary mirror of a small space telescope experimental model. The experimental space telescope with 280mm diameter primary mirror has been assembled and aligned in 2011, but the measured system optical performance and wavefront error did not achieve the goal. In order to find out the root causes, static structure finite element analysis (FEA) has been applied to analyze the structure model of the primary mirror assembly. Several assuming effects which may cause deformation of the primary mirror have been proposed, such as gravity effect, flexures bonding effect, thermal expansion effect, etc. According to each assuming effect, we establish a corresponding model and boundary condition setup, and the numerical model will be analyzed by finite element method (FEM) software and opto-mechanical analysis software to obtain numerical wavefront error and Zernike polynomials. Now new assumption of the flexures bonding effect is proposed, and we adopt reverse engineering to verify this effect. Finally, the numerically synthetic system wavefront error will be compared with measured system wavefront error of the telescope. By analyzing and realizing these deformation effects of the primary mirror, the opto-mechanical design and telescope assembly workmanship will be refined, and improve the telescope optical performance.

Although there have been numerous studies regarding three-dimensional (3D) display techniques and Flash technology, there has been little discussion of how to apply the 3D display technique to Flash applications. In this study, we develop a method that uses passive 3D display glasses, which are cheaper than other 3D display techniques, to reduce the cost and popularize this technique for web applications. The 3D red-blue filter glasses are inexpensive and can be manufactured easily. We also look at how to construct a Flash game and test its 3D effects using the red-blue filter glasses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

In 2013 the Editor of Journal of Vibration and Control and SAGE became aware of a peer review ring involving assumed and fabricated identities that appeared to centre around Peter Chen at National Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan (NPUE). SAGE and the Editor then began a complex investigation into the case during the rest of 2013 and 2014. Following an unsatisfactory response from Peter Chen, NPUE was notified. NPUE were serious in addressing the Journal and SAGE’s concerns. NPUE confirmed that the institution was investigating Peter Chen. SAGE subsequently uncovered a citation ring involving the above mentioned author and others. We regret that individual authors have compromised the academic record by perverting the peer review process and apologise to readers. On uncovering problems with peer review and citation SAGE immediately put steps in place to avoid similar vulnerability of the Journal to exploitation in the future. More information may be found at www.sagepub.co.uk/JVC_Statement_2014 . The Journal and SAGE understand from NPUE that Peter Chen has resigned his post at NPUE. The following articles are retracted because after thorough investigation evidence points towards them having at least one author or being reviewed by at least one reviewer who has been implicated in the peer review ring and/or citation ring. All authors have had an opportunity to respond to the allegations and proposed actions. OnlineFirst articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Chen CY, Chen T-H, Chen Y-H, Yu S-E and Chung P-Y (2013) Information technology system modeling an integrated C-TAM-TPB model to the validation of ocean tidal analyses Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 7 May 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472924 Chang R-F, Chen CY, Su F-P and Lin H-C (2013) A two-step approach for broadband digital signal processing technique Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 26 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472925 Chen TH, Chang CJ, Yu SE, Chung PY and Liu C-K (2013) Nonlinear information analysis and system management technique: the influence of design experience and control complexity Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312473321 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of a 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: II. Model validation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 10 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312470481 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: I. model formulation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312467360 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2013) Stability analysis of fuzzy-based NN modeling for ecosystems using fuzzy Lyapunov methods Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466687 Chen CY, Chen TH, Chen YH and Chiu J (2012) A multi-stage method for deterministic-statistical analysis: a mathematical case and measurement studies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 20 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466579 Shih BY, Lin MC and Chen CY (2012) Autonomous navigation system for radiofrequency identification mobile robot e-book reader Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466578 Chang RF, Chen CY, Su FP, Lin HC and Lu C-K (2012) Multiphase SUMO robot based on an agile modeling-driven process for a small mobile robot Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464993 Shih B-Y, Lin Y-K, Cheng M-H, Chen C-Y and Chiu C-P (2012) The development of an application program interactive game-based information system Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464682 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2012) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: technologies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464992 Shin BY, Chen CY and Hsu KH (2012) Robot cross platform system using innovative interactive theory and selection algorithms for Android application Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463757 Articles published in an issue Chen C-W (2014) Applications of neural-network-based fuzzy logic control to a nonlinear time-delay chaotic system Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 589-605. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312461370 Chen C-W (2014) A review of intelligent algorithm approaches and neural-fuzzy stability criteria for time-delay tension leg platform systems Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 561-575. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463759 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2014) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: trends and theories Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 548-560. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463762 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Stability conditions for ecosystem modeling using the fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 290-302. Epub ahead of print 23 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451301 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Hsieh S-H and Chen C-Y (2014) Highly efficient very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation of probabilistic neural network image interpolator Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 218-224. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458822 Chen C-Y (2014) Wave vibration and simulation in dissipative media described by irregular boundary surfaces: a mathematical formulation Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 191-203. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464258 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Dai J-H and Chen C-Y (2014) A pipelined multiprocessor system- on-a-chip (SoC) design methodology for streaming signal processing Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 163-178. Epub ahead of print 16 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458821 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Fuzzy neural modeling for n-degree ecosystems using the linear matrix inequality approach Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (1): 82-93. Epub ahead of print 8 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458533 Chen C-H, Wu W-X and Chen C-Y (2013) Ant-inspired collective problem-solving systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2481-2490. Epub ahead of print 18 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456231 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Kuo C-M and Chen C-Y (2013) Evolutionary design of constructive multilayer feedforward neural network Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2413-2420. Epub ahead of print 12 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456726 Chen C-W (2013) Applications of the fuzzy-neural Lyapunov criterion to multiple time-delay systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 2054-2067. Epub ahead of print 16 August 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451034 Chung P-Y, Chen Y-H, Walter L and Chen C-Y (2013) Influence and dynamics of a mobile robot control on mechanical components Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 1923-1935. Epub ahead of print 20 July 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312452184 Chen C-W (2013) Neural network-based fuzzy logic parallel distributed compensation controller for structural system Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1709-1727. Epub ahead of print 22 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442233 Chen C-W, Yeh K, Yang H-C, Liu KFR and Liu C-C (2013) A critical review of structural system control by the large-scaled neural network linear-deferential-inclusion-based criterion Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1658-1673. Epub ahead of print 18 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312443377 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Chen C-Y and Dai J-H (2013) The design and synthesis using hierarchical robotic discrete-event modeling Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1603-1613. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449645 Chang CJ, Chen CY and Chou I-T (2013) The design of information and communication technologies: telecom MOD strength machines Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1499-1513. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449644 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y, Li K-H, Wu T-Y, Chen G-Y (2013) A novel NXT control method for implementing force sensing and recycling in a training robot Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1443-1459. Epub ahead of print 1 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312446361 Chen C-W, Chen P-C and Chiang W-L (2013) Modified intelligent genetic algorithm-based adaptive neural network control for uncertain structural systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (9): 1333-1347. Epub ahead of print 31 May 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442232 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Enhancing robust and stability control of a humanoid biped robot: system identification approach. Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (8): 1199-1207. Epub ahead of print 26 April 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442947 Chang C-J, Chen C-Y and Huang C-W (2013) Applications for medical recovery using wireless control of a bluetooth ball with a hybrid G-sensor and human-computer interface technology Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (8): 1139-1151. Epub ahead of print 24 April 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442948 Hsu W-K, Chiou D-J, Chen C-W, Liu M-Y, Chiang W-L and Huang P-C (2013) Sensitivity of initial damage detection for steel structures using the Hilbert-Huang transform method Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (6): 857-878. Epub ahead of print 29 February 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311434794 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Human–machine interface for the motion control of humanoid biped robots using a graphical user interface Motion Editor Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (6): 814-820. Epub ahead of print 23 February 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312437804 Chen C-Y (2013) Internal wave transport, nonlinear manifestation, and mixing in a stratified shear layer - technical briefs Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 429-438. Epub ahead of print 18 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429337 Chen C-W (2013) Delay independent criterion for multiple time-delay systems and its application in building structure control systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 395-414. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429341 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Design, modeling and stability control for an actuated dynamic walking planar bipedal robot Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 376-384. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429476 Liu K-C, Liu Y-W, Chen C-Y and Huang W-C (2013) Nonlinear vibration of structural deterioration in reinforced concrete columns: experimental and theoretical investigation Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 323-335. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429477 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y and Ma J-m (2013) Development for low-cost and cross-platform robot control environment Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (2): 228-233. Epub ahead of print 11 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311430107 Shih B-Y, Chang H and Chen C-Y (2013) Path planning for autonomous robots – a comprehensive analysis by a greedy algorithm Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (1): 130-142. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429841 Liu T-Y, Chiang W-L, Chen C-W, Hsu W-K, Lin C-W, Chiou D-J and Huang P-C (2012) Structural system identification for vibration bridges using the Hilbert–Huang transform Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (13): 1939-1956. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428347 Chen C-W (2012) Applications of the fuzzy Lyapunov linear matrix inequality criterion to a chaotic structural system Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (13): 1925-1938. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428346 Chen C-W (2012) Applications of linear differential inclusion-based criterion to a nonlinear chaotic system: a critical review Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (12): 1886-1899. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428345 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y and Chou W (2012) An enhanced obstacle avoidance and path correction mechanism for an autonomous intelligent robot with multiple sensors Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (12): 1855-1864. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311426734 Chen C-W, Yeh K, Liu KFR and Lin M-L (2012) Applications of fuzzy control to nonlinear time-delay systems using the linear matrix inequality fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (10): 1561-1574. Epub ahead of print 18 October 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311410765 Chen C-Y (2012) A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 2 – Laboratory experiments and theoretical physics Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (7): 983-1008. Epub ahead of print 21 September 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310397561 Chen C-Y and Huang P-H (2012) Review of an autonomous humanoid robot and its mechanical control Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (7): 973-982. Epub ahead of print 21 September 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310395974 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y, Chang H and Ma J-m (2012) Dynamics and control for robotic manipulators using a greedy algorithm approach Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (6): 859-866. Epub ahead of print 25 August 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311407649 Yeh K, Chen C-W, Lo DC and Liu KFR (2012) Neural-network fuzzy control for chaotic tuned mass damper systems with time delays Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (6): 785-795. Epub ahead of print 15 August 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311407538 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Chou W-C (2012) The development of autonomous low-cost biped mobile surveillance robot by intelligent bricks Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (5): 577-586. Epub ahead of print 21 April 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310371349 Chen C-Y (2012) A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 1 – Remote sensing and in-situ observations Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (3): 417-436. Epub ahead of print 13 July 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310395971 Tseng C-P, Chen C-W and Liu KFR (2012) Risk control allocation model for pressure vessels and piping project Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (3): 385-394. Epub ahead of print 13 July 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311403182 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2011) Stability analysis of community and ecosystem hierarchies using the Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (13): 1930-1937. Epub ahead of print 9 December 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310385737 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Chou W-C, Li Y-J and Chen Y-H (2011) Obstacle avoidance design for a humanoid intelligent robot with ultrasonic sensors Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (12): 1798-1804. Epub ahead of print 26 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310381101 Chen C-W (2011) Fuzzy control of interconnected structural systems using the fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (11): 1693-1702. Epub ahead of print 23 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310379625 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y and Chou W-C (2011) Obstacle avoidance using a path correction method for autonomous control of a biped intelligent robot Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (10): 1567-1573. Epub ahead of print 22 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310372004 Tang J-P, Chiou D-J, Chen C-W, Chiang W-L, Hsu W-K, Chen C-Y and Liu T-Y (2011) A case study of damage detection in benchmark buildings using a Hilbert-Huang Transform-based method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (4): 623-636. Epub ahead of print 8 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309360053 Liu TY, Chiang WL, Chen CW, Hsu WK, Lu LC and Chu TJ (2011) Identification and monitoring of bridge health from ambient vibration data Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (4): 589-603. Epub ahead of print 12 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309360049 Lin JW, Huang CW, Shih CH and Chen CY (2011) Fuzzy Lyapunov Stability Analysis and NN Modeling for Tension Leg Platform Systems Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (1): 151-158. Epub ahead of print 25 August 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309350477 Lee WI, Chen CY, Kuo HM and Sui YC (2010) The Development of Half-circle Fuzzy Numbers and Application in Fuzzy Control Journal of Vibration and Control 16 (13): 1977-1987. Epub ahead of print 22 April 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309349849

This brief presents a simple reference circuit with channel-length modulation compensation to generate a reference voltage of 221 mV using subthreshold of MOSFETs at supply voltage of 0.85 V with power consumption of 3.3 muW at room temperature using TSMC 0.18-mum technology. The proposed circuit occupied in less than 0.0238 mm 2 achieves the reference voltage variation of 2 mV/V for supply voltage from 0.9 to 2.5V and about 6 mV of temperature variation in the range from -20degC to 120 degC. The agreement of simulation and measurement data is demonstrated

Objectives. To evaluate prospectively the prognostic power of urinary nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP-22) for bladder cancer in Taiwanese screening and surveillance settings. Methods Single voided urine samples were obtained from 68 healthy individuals, 303 patients with benign urothelial diseases, and 28 patients with urogenital tumors. The NMP-22 levels in the urine samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results The median NMP-22 level in healthy individuals and patients with benign and malignant disease was 5.9, 4.8, and 7.4 U/mL, respectively. The positive NMP-22 rate in healthy individuals and patients with benign and malignant disease was 4.4%, 17.2%, and 50%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was 50%, 82.8%, 21.2%, and 94.7%, respectively, using 7.5 U/mL as the cutoff value. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that NMP-22 is not a good diagnostic tool for screening or follow-up surveillance of bladder cancer owing to its low sensitivity and positive predictive value. Nevertheless, it could be adopted as a tool to rule out the possibility or risk of developing bladder cancer because of its high negative predictive value in our study.

The paper is aimed at obtaining the deformation results and optical aberration configurations of a spaceborne mirror made of ZERODUR® glass on a main plate with three isostatic mounts for a space Cassegrain telescope. On the rear side of the main plate four screws will be locked to fix the focal plane assembly. The locking modes for the four screws will be simulated as push and pull motions in the Z axis for simplification. The finite element analysis and Zernike polynomial fitting are applied to the whole integrated optomechanical analysis process. Under the analysis, three isostatic mounts are bonded to the neutral plane of the mirror. The deformation results and optical aberration configurations under six types of push and pull motions as well as self-weight loading have been obtained. In addition, the comparison between the results under push and pull motions with 0.01 mm and 0.1 mm displacements in Z axis will be attained.

FORMOSAT-5 consists of a spacecraft bus and an electro-optical payload. The payload is an f/8 Cassegrain type telescope with 3.6-m effective focal length. The spacecraft has a ground sampling distance of 2-m for panchromatic and 4-m for multispectral bands, with a 24-km swath width. FORMOSAT-5 is the first space program that National Space Organization (NSPO) takes full responsibility for the complete satellite and payload system engineering. The optical system assembly (OSA) has been successfully aligned and is now undergoing final performance verification tests at system level. To help create this unique instrument, NSPO has developed the computer aided alignment method assisted with the mechanical ground support equipment to carry out the assembly, alignment, and verification of the complex systems. This method offers an integrated capability for interferometric alignment and characterization of the large instrument. A detail OSA integration and verification steps, including primary mirror, secondary mirror, corrector lens and baffles alignment are presented. This paper describes the overall capability of this method and uses decomposed Zernike polynomials from the alignment and characterization of the OSA to verify the reduction of the wavefront errors and misalignments. It further demonstrates the successful completion of the instrument and satisfaction with the main system requirements.

For a currently developing multispectral space Cassegrain telescope, the primary mirror with 450 mm clear aperture is made of Zerodur and lightweighted at a ratio about 50 % to meet both thermal and mass requirement. For this mirror, it is critical to reduce the astigmatism caused from the gravity effect, bonding process and the deformation from the mounting to the main structure of the telescope (main plate). In this article, the primary mirror alignment, MGSE, assembly process and the optical performance test for the primary mirror assembly are presented. The mechanical shim is the interface between the iso-static mount and main plate. It is used to compensate the manufacture errors of components and differences of local co-planarity errors to prevent the stress while iso-static mount (ISM) is screwed to main plate. After primary mirror assembly, an optical performance test method called bench test with novel algorithm is used to analyze the astigmatism caused from the gravity effect and the deformation from the mounting or supporter. In an effort to achieve the requirement for the tolerance in primary mirror assembly, the astigmatism caused from the gravity and deformation by the mounting force could be less than P-V 0.02λ at 633 nm. The consequence of these demonstrations indicates that the designed mechanical ground supported equipment (MGSE) for the alignment and assembly processes meet the critical requirements for primary mirror assembly of the telescope.

The speed of light is an important physical parameter. Currently it is a common belief of the constance of the speed of light regardless of the relative velocity between the source and the observer. Because the speed of light is very fast, if the relative velocity is small compared with the speed of light, it is difficult to detect the effect of the relative velocity on the measurement of the speed of light. In this paper we present a method of comparing the speeds of starlight and the light emitting from a terrestrial source. We use a telescope to collect the light from the star having significant relative velocity with respect to the earth, e.g. Capella. Then we modulate the starlight and the light emitted from the local source into pulses i.e. these pulses leave the modulator simultaneously. After travelling 4.2 km, these pulses are detected by a receiver. If the starlight and the terrestrial light have the same speed, then these pulses must arrive at the receiver at the same time. Our results show that the arrival times of the pulses of starlight are different from that of the local light. For example, the Capella is leaving away from the earth. The Capella pulses arrive later than the local light pulses. It indicates that the speed of Capella starlight is slower than the common believed value, c. The presented method uses one clock and one stick, so the clock synchronization problem and any physical unit transformation can be avoided.

This paper is investigated to construct the self-developed fundamental capability which can apply to the opto-mechanical design and analysis in space telescope. The mounting mechanics is found to be a key issue to dramatically affect the optical performance in optical systems. Design and experiments are conducted to study the relationship between stresses and wavefront errors of the opto-mechanical systems by use of the interferometric measurement. Zernike polynomials and wavefront fitting is performed to study the mirror mounting mechanism. It is reported that mirror mounting stresses will severely affect the wavefront errors of the optical systems. Moreover, this investigation indicates that the external stresses will increase the wavefront errors, especially in the terms of astigmatism and trefoil. In addition, the transverse shear stress is more sensitive to degrade the optical performance in this opto-mechanical system design.

Optical parameters such as radius of curvature (RoC), direction of the optical axis, offset of the apex relative to the outer diameter, et al. of the primary mirror of a Cassegrain telescope by a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is presented. These parameters are measured by a novel technique developed by the authors. RoC, tilt, and wedge of a lens can also be measured by the technique. Geometric parameters, such as diameters, central obscuration diameter, and perpendicularity of mirror edge, the mirror, et al. can be measured taking the advantage of the geometric measurement function. The optical and geometric parameters are measured by this method on a set of primary and secondary mirrors, and four corrector lenses of a Cassegrain telescope.

This paper presents the analysis of static structure and wavefront error (WFE) of a telescope experimental model’s primary mirror. The experimental telescope with 280mm diameter primary mirror had been assembled and aligned in 2011. The WFE result was not perfect. In order to find out the root cause of the WFE, the static structure analysis had been applied to the structure model of the telescope assembly. Some assumed effects which may cause deformation of the primary mirror had been proposed, such as gravity effect, iso-static mount (ISM) bonding effect, thermal expansion effect, etc. According to each assumed effect, we established a corresponding model and boundary setup. The numerical model was also analyzed by static structure analysis software and opto-mechanical analysis software to obtain numerical WFE and Zernike polynomials. The numerically synthetic optical system WFE was compared with measured system WFE of the telescope. According to the results of these deformation effects of the primary mirror, we could get the root cause of the system WFE. In the next generation of telescope, the opto-mechanical design and alignment process would be refined, and applied to the new optical system.

Although there have been lots studies about vehicular maneuvers on land or sea, maneuvers within a small area that require direction changes have rarely been discussed. Many reports on the arrival or departure of ships from ports have revealed more about what are safe and effective turning maneuvers within a narrow area. Convenient navigation systems for ship maneuvering should allow quick avoidance of obstacle to find the shortest distance in the whole seaway is important. This study proposes a review model that will satisfy optimal turning maneuvering anywhere and be applicable to any type of ship. However, the water-based environment is more complex and there are many factors that will affect the formula. By using a nonlinear unified state-space model to discuss another model we can divide and conquer the problem. In recent studies some categories have been evaluated to determine where the main attention should be directed. In this review study we look at how to construct the optimal turning maneuver within a limited sea area.

Chip sorter is one of packaging facilities in chip manufactory. Defects will occur for a few of chips during manufacturing processes. If the size of chip defects is larger than a criterion of impacting chip quality, these flawed chips have to be detected and removed. Defects inspection system is usually developed with frame CCD imagers. There're some drawbacks for this system, such as mechanism of pause type for image acquisition, complicated acquisition control, easy damage for moving components, etc. And acquired images per chip have to be processed in radiometry and geometry and then pieced together before inspection. These processes impact the accuracy and efficiency of defects inspection. So approaches of image acquisition system and its opto-mechanical module will be critical for inspection system. In this article, design and characterization of a new image acquisition system and its opto-mechanical module are presented. Defects with size of greater than 15μm have to be inspected. Inspection performance shall be greater than 0.6 m/sec. Thus image acquisition system shall have the characteristics of having (1) the resolution of 5μm and 10μm for optical lens and linear CCD imager respectively; (2) the lens magnification of 2; (3) the line rate of greater than 120 kHz for imager output. The design of structure and outlines for new system and module are also described in this work. Proposed system has advantages of such as transporting chips in constant speed to acquire images, using one image only per chip for inspection, no image-mosaic process, simplifying the control of image acquisition. And the inspection efficiency and accuracy will be substantially improved.

This work presents a developing design of adjustable supporting mechanism of secondary mirror for airborne Cassegrain optical remote sensing instruments. Several datum surfaces and shims have been designed in this mechanism, shims and one of structural parts can be released and are properly grinded to the desired thickness. The proposed mechanism has been verified by an experimental model. The reassembled accuracy is 5 arcsecond and ±3 μm for orientation and position respectively. Furthermore, their adjustable accuracy can achieve 5 arcsecond and ±3 μm respectively, depending on grinding and measurement precision. The accuracy can drive the optical system performance to design specification. After verification, we confirm the proposed design of adjustable supporting mechanism can be applied to airborne Cassegrain optical systems, and has good potential in spaceborne applications.

Defect occures for a few of chips during manufacture. If defect size is greater than the criterion of impacting chip quality, these unqualified chips have to be removed. Presently used chip defect inspection system is designed basing on frame CCD imagers. Some drawbacks exist for this system, such as pause image acquisition, mosaic processing for acquired frame images per chip before inspection, etc. Therefore, the efficiency and accuracy of defect inspection degrade seriously. So chip defect is now still inspected manually on production lines. This work presents the design and characterization of an inspection system to detect chip defects with high performance based on a linear CCD imager. Defects with size of greater than 15μm shall be detected, and moving speed of inspected chips shall be greater than 0.6m/sec. Thus, proposed system has the characteristics of having the resolution of 5μm and 10μm for optical lens and CCD imager respectively, image line rate of greater than 120 kHz. Chip edge is derived to achieve the high correctness of inspection. A novel algorithm to inspect defects size is also developed here. Proposed system has advantages of such as non-pause image acquisition, unnecessary image mosaic, etc. And inspection efficiency and accuracy will be substantially improved. Moreover, system can be operated automatically during bonding process to inspect chips quality.